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Unlike chemists and physicists, who usually do their experiments using machines, biologists and me...
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高中英语《吉林省吉林市2015届高三第三次模拟考试试卷 试题及答案》真题及答案
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Humansit'stimetoabandonEarthorraceextinction.Itcouldbetheplotofasummerblockbuster大片butthispredictionisn'tsciencefiction.It'saglimpseofthefutureaccordingtofamousBritishscientistStephenHawking.IseegreatdangersforthehumanracehesaidinaninterviewwithglobalforumBigThink.Therehavebeenanumberoftimesinthepastdayswhenitssurvivalhasbeenaquestionoftouchandgo危险的处境;一触即发的形势.IbelievethatthelongtermfutureofthehumanracemustbeinspacehesaiD.ItwillbedifficultenoughtoavoiddisastersonplanetEarthinthenexthundredyearsletalonethenextthousandormillion.HawkingwhowasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomlastyearhasrecentlyvoicedmanyconcernsaboutthefutureoflifeonEarth.IfaliensvisitedustheoutcomewouldbeasmuchaswhenColumbuslandedinAmericawhichdidn'tturnoutwellfortheNativeAmericanshesaiD.Suchadvancedalienswouldperhapsbecomenomads游牧民lookingtoconquer征服andcolonize殖民whateverplanetstheycanreach.ButHawkingsayshe'sstillhopefulforthefutureofhumanity.HetoldBigThinkWe'vemaderemarkableprogressinthelasthundredyears.ButifwewanttocontinuebeyondthenexthundredyearsourfutureisinspacE.Gettingtoanotherplanetwillproveachallengenottomentioncolonizingitforhumanity.KatherineFreesefromUniversityofMichigantoldBigThinkTheneareststartoEarthisProximaCentauri比邻星whichis4.2lightyearsaway.Thatmeansifyouweretravelingatthespeedoflightthewholetimeitwouldtake4.2yearstogetthere－orabout50000yearsusingcurrentrocketsciencE.25.HumansareadvisedtoabandonEarthmainlybecause________.A.alienswilltakeupourhomeplanetsoonB.itwasdiscussedintheforumBigThinkC.manyscientistslikeHawkingareconcernedaboutitD.manydisasterswillhappenonearth26.ThinkingaboutthefutureofhumansHawkingfeelsthat________.A.humanscan'tliveonEarthanylongerB.EarthwillnotbehabitableforhumansC.otherplanetsarereadyforhumanstoreachD.aliensarethebiggestfuturethreattohumans27.Whatisthewriter'skeypointinthelastparagraphA.ItisimpossibletogettoanotherplanetinspacE.B.ItisurgentforHawkingtodevelopthespacesciencE.C.Thenearfuturecan'tseehuman'smovetoanotherplanet.D.TheplanetProximaCentauriisfarawayfromEarth.28.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom________.A.aconferenceinterviewB.asciencefictionC.ahistorybookD.aforumreport
Couldyourcellphonegiveyoucancer?Whetheritcouldornotsomepeopleareworryingaboutthepossibilitythatphonespowerlinesandwi-ficouldberesponsibleforarangeofillnessesfromrashestobraintumors.ForexampleCamillaRees48aformerinvestmentbankerintheUSmovedoutofherapartmentinSanFranciscobecauseoftheradiationcomingfromnextdoor.ReestoldtheLosAngelesTimesthatwhenherneighborsmovedinandinstalledawi-firoutershelostherabilitytothinkclearly.Iwouldwakeupdizzyinthemorning.I’dfalltothefloor.IhadtoleavetoescapethatnightmareshesaiD.Sincethenshe’sbeenonacampaignagainstlow-levelelectromagneticfieldsorEMFs低频电磁场.Andshe’snotalonE.Millionsofpeoplesaytheysufferfromheadachesdepressionnauseaandrasheswhenthey’retooclosetocellphonesorothersourcesofEMFs.AlthoughtheWorldHealthOrganizationhasofficiallydeclaredthatEMFsseemtoposelittlethreatgovernmentsarestillconcerneD.InfactlastApriltheEuropeanParliamentcalledforcountriestotakestepstoreduceexposuretoEMFs.ThecityofSanFranciscoandthestateofMainearecurrentlyconsideringrequiringcancer-warninglabelsoncellphones.Ifthesefearsarereasonablethenperhapsweshouldallbeworriedabouttheamountoftimewespendtalkingonourphonesorpluggingintowi-fihotpots.Somesaythereisevidencetosupportthegrowinganxieties.DavidCarpenteraprofessorofenvironmentalhealthsciencesattheUniversityatAlbanyinNewYorkthinksthere’sagreaterthan95%chancethatpowerlinescancausechildhoodleukemiA.Alsothere’sagreaterthan90%chancethatcellphonescancausebraintumors.Butothersbelievetheseconcernsareunreasonableparanoia猜疑.Dr.MarthaLinettheheadofradiationepidemiologyattheUSNationalCancerInstitutehaslookedatthesameresearchasCarpenterbuthasreachedadifferentconclusion.Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonessaidLinet.Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger.StudiessofarsuggestaweakconnectionbetweenEMFsandillness—soweakthatitmightnotexistatall.A.multinationalinvestigationofcellphonesandbraincancerin13countriesoutsidetheUShasbeenunderwayforseveralyears.It’sfundedinpartbytheEuropeanUnioninpartbyacellphoneindustrygroup.AccordingtoRobertParkaprofessorofphysicsattheUniversityofMarylandintheUSthemagneticwavesaren’tnearlypowerfulenoughtobreakapartDNAwhichisnowknownthreatssuchasUVraysandX-rayscausecancer.Perhapsit’sjustpsychological.Someexpertsfindthattheelectro-sensitivitysyndromeseemstobesimilartochemicalsensitivitysyndromewhichisaconditionthat’sconsideredtobepsychological.WhetherEMFsareharmfulornotabreakinthecountrysidewithoutthecellphonewouldprobablybegoodforallofus.Title:Couldcellphonesgiveyoucancer?KeypointsSupportingdetailsCellphonesare71______touse●Somepeoplethinkit72______forcellphonestocausecancer.●CamillaReesgotillafterhisneighborinstalledawi-firouter.●Millionsofpeoplehave73_______problemsasCamillA.●Someevidencesupportspeople’sanxieties.Cellphonesaresafetouse●SomebelievethattheseconcernsarejustparanoiA.●Sofarstudiesshowthatthereisn’tmuch74______betweenEMFsandillness.●RobertParkthinksthatthemagneticwavesaren’tpowerfulenoughto75_______DNA.●It’sjustforpsychological76_______thatpeoplefeelillwhentheyusecellphones.Attitudesand77______●Somegovernmentsare78_______aboutthesafetyofcellphonesorEMFs.●Theauthorthinksthatweshould79_______thechanceoftalkingonthephoneorspendmoretimeinthe80_____areaswithoutcellphones.
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Afterabusydayofworkandplaythebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Duringthistimethebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesofthepreviousday.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingmakesitpossibleforyourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday.TherearefourlevelsofsleepeachbeingalittledeeperthantheonebeforE.AsyousleepyourbodyrelaxeslittlebylittlE.Yourheartbeatsmoreslowlyandyourbrainslowsdown.Afteryoureachthefourthlevelyourbodyshiftsbackandforthfromonelevelofsleeptotheother.AlthoughyourmindslowsdownyouwilldreamfromtimetotimE.Scientistswhostudysleeppointoutthatwhenyouaredreamingyoureyeballsbegintomovemorequicklyalthoughyoureyelidsareclosed.ThisstageofsleepiscalledREMwhichstandsforrapideyemovement.Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleepsomepeoplesuggestbreathingveryslowlyandverydeeply.Otherpeoplebelievethatdrinkingwarmmilkwillmakeyoudrowsy.Thereisalsoanoldsuggestionthatcountingsheepwillputyoutosleep.1.Thetextmakesusknowthatnotgettingenoughsleepmightmakeyou_________.A.sufferformpoorhealthB.enjoymoreC.dreammoreoftenD.breathequickly2.DuringREM_______.A.youmoverestlesslyB.youstartdreamingC.yourmindstopsworkingD.youreyeballsmovequickly3.Theunderlinedworddrowsyinthelastparagraphprobablymeans______.A.lazyB.sleepyC.relaxedD.pleased
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A.rarebutterflyhasbeendiscoveredinBritainforthefirsttimein60yearshavingmovedfromEasternEurope.Theonlypreviousrecordofawildyellow-leggedTortoiseshellinBritainwasin1953whenitwasseenjustonceinSevenoaksKent.SeveralweeksagotherewerealreadyfourconfirmedsightingsalongtheEastcoastinNorfolkSuffolkandKentandsixfurtherreportsofthebutterflyincoastalareas.Conservationistsareveryexcitedaboutthesightingswhicharerareinthebutterflyworld.ThebutterfliesarethoughttohaveflownoneasterlywindsacrossEuropeinthelastfewweeks.ThelargeandcolourfulinsectmainlylivesinEasternEurope.InrecentyearsithasspreadintoScandinaviaanditsnumberincreasesrapidlyduringwarmweather.AlsoknownastheScarceTortoiseshellithasanorangeandbluecolourandisaboutonethirdbiggerthanourownSmallTortoiseshell.ButterflyConservationwasstartingitsannualBigButterflyCountayearlysurveyofthebutterfliesacrossthenation.SirDavidAttenboroughPresidentofthecharitysaidTheUKisanationofamateurnaturalistsandwehaveaproudtraditionofcelebratingandstudyingourwildlife.BytakingpartintheBigButterflyCountthissummeryoucancontributetodiscoveringthefantasticbutterfliesandotherwildlifethatshareyourgardenparksandcountryside.HeaddedButterfliesfoughtbacklastyearafteraterrible2012butdespitethisbutterflynumberswerestillbelowaverage.ThreequartersoftheUK’sbutterfliesareindeclineandonethirdareindangerofdyingout.ThisisbadnewsfortheUK’sbirdsbeesbatsandotherwildlife.25.Theserarebutterfliesusuallylivein______.A.EasternEuropeB.NorfolkSuffolkandKentC.coastalareasD.SevenoaksKent26.TheannualBigButterflyCountisIntendedto________.A.inspireamateurs’studyinginterestB.teachpeopletodogoodgardeningC.studybutterfliesacrossBritainD.celebratenaturalists’contributions27.Whatdotheunderlinedwordsprobablymeaninthelastparagraph?A.Butterflies’numberincreased.B.Butterfliesstruggledtosurvive.C.Butterfliesweredyingout.D.Butterfliesfeltlikefighting.28.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.ButterfliesarequiterareinBritain.B.Butterfliesliketravellingfrequently.C.ArarebutterflyappearedinBritain.D.Thebutterflyworldchangedalot.
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It’sinterestingthattechnologyoftenworksasaservantforusyetfrequentlywebecomeaservanttoit.E-mailisausefultoolbutmanyfeelcontrolledbythisnewtool.Theaveragebusinesspersonisgettingabout80e-mailsperdayandmanyfeelthatabout80%ofthemessagesintheirInboxareoflittleornovaluE.SoIhavefoursuggestionstohelpyoutobecomebetteratErasingE-mail.1.Getoffthelists.Thebestwaytodealwithaproblemistoneverhaveit.Ifyouarereceivingalotofunwantede-mailsasktoberemovedfromthevariouslists.Thiswouldincludeyourinclusioninunwantedlists.2.Unlistedaddress.Justasyoukeepanunlistedtelephonenumberthatyoushareonlywiththosewhomyouwanttohavedirectaccesstoyoumightwanttogetaseparatee-mailaddressonlyfortheimportantcommunicationsyouwishtoreceivE.3.Checkitonceortwiceperday.ManyIspeakwitharebecomingchainedtotheiremailservermonitoringincomingemailcontinuously.Maybethisisbecausee-mailcreatesitsownsenseofurgencybutmostofthecommunicationsarenotallthaturgent.Irespondtothemacoupleoftimesperday.4.Dealwithit.Asyouopeneache-maildooneofthefollowing:A.Ifitrequiresaquickresponserespondtoitanddeleteit.B.Ifitrequiresaresponsebutisnotthebestuseofyourtimetrytofindsomeoneelsetodoit.C.IfitisgoingtotakeanyseriousamountoftimetorespondscheduleitforactioninyourDayPlannerandthendownloadthemessagesaveitorprintitoutforfutureaction.Ipersonallyreceiveabout250e-mailsperdayandbypracticingthesuggestionsaboveIcanhandlethatvolumeinaboutanhourtakingadvantageofthisfantastictoolbutnotbeingcontrolledbyittomakesureI’mdoingmoreimportanttasksinmyday.56.Ifyougetunwantede-mailsthebestyoucandoisto________.A.makealistofthemB.putthemintounwantedlistsC.sendthemtoaspecialaddressD.asktobedeletedfromdifferentlists57.Fortheimportantcommunicationsthewritersuggeststhatyou______.A.haveadirectaccessforthemB.haveseverale-mailserversforthemC.getaseparatee-mailaddressforthemD.getanunlistedphonenumberforthem58.Toavoidbeingchainedbythecominge-mailswhatyoucandoisto________.A.respondurgentonesonlyB.replytoallofthematthesametimeC.handlethemacoupleoftimesdailyD.keepreplyingtoe-mailsalldaylong59.Todealwithane-mailyougetyoucandothefollowingEXCEPT_______.A.respondingrightawayifit’surgentB.downloadingeverye-mailbeforeyoureplyC.schedulingitforlaterreplyifittakesmuchtimeD.askingsomeoneelsetoreplytoitifit’snotatyourconvenience
ThinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewinD.Youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat.Windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources来源aswellasoneoftheoldest.Evidenceshowsthatwindmills风车begantobeusedinancientIranbackintheseventhcenturyBC.TheywerefirstintroducedtoEuropeduringthe1100swhenarmiesreturnedfromtheMiddleEastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower.Formanycenturiespeopleusedwindmillstogrind磨碎wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepundergrounD.Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800speoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.Howeverbythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStateswindmillswererarelyuseD.Duringthe1970speoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Thenwindwasrediscoveredthoughitmeanshighercosts.TodaythereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwinD.72.Fromthetextweknowthatwindmills________.A.usedtosupplypowertoradioinremoteareasB.haveahistoryofmorethan2800yearsC.wereinventedbyEuropeanarmiesD.haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscovered73.Whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury?A.Sailingaboat.B.Producingelectricity.C.Grindingwheatintoflour.D.PumpingwaterfromundergrounD.74.Oneofthereasonswindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat________.A.windpoweriscleanerB.itisoneoftheoldestpowersourcesC.itwascheapertocreateenergyfromwindD.thesupplyofcoalandgasfailedtomeetneeds75.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theadvantagesofwindpower.B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C.TheglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwinD.D.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.
Withalargepartoftheworld'spopulationlivingclosetotheoceansrisingsealevelsbringthepotentialfordestructive破坏性的results.Butscientistsarestillunabletomakepredictionsexactenoughforpeopletoplantohandlethelossoflandandthethreattocoastalcommunitiesexpectedoverthiscentury.Weknowsealevelisgoingtorisebuthowmuchandhowfastandwherewereallystilldon’tknowsaidJoshWillisaclimatescientist.Theoceanisn'tlikewaterinabathtuB.Itdoesn’triseallthesameasmorewaterpoursin.Asglobalwarmingraisessealevelssomeplacesareexpectedtoseehigher-than-averageincreasesandafewplacesmayevenseedecreases.It’sreportedthatoverthecourseofthiscenturysealevelswillrisebetween8inchesand6.6feetaroundtheplanet.Scientistsknowthisincreasewillbedrivenbytheexpansionofwaterasitwarms—warmerwatertakesupmorespace—andthemeltingoficE.Buttheeffectsofwarmingwaterandmeltingiceonsea-levelriseareexpectedtovaryfromareatoareA.AndthemeltingoficeoftheAntarcticandGreenlandpresentsthelargestuncertaintyforthefuturebutairlandandwateralsoplayrolesinchangestosealevel.Forexamplesealevelneartheicegettingmeltactuallydecreasesbecausethegroundunderthemeltingicerisesastheheavyicedisappears.Climatechangeisexpectedtochangeoceancurrentsandthewindsthathelpdriveoceancurrents.Thesechangeswillaffectthedistributionofheatwithintheoceansandasaresultaffectchangesinsealevel.Nowadaysscientistsusetwotypesofmodelstomakepredictionsaboutthefutureofsealevelsbutthetwodon’tagreE.Ifscientistscan'taccuratelypredictsea-levelincreaseforthecomingyearstheleastwecandoismeasurewhathappeningtodaywiththehelpofthesatelliteJason-2butit’sreachingtheendofitsoperationallifE.25.Thefirstparagraphimpliesthat_______.A.therisingsealevelsmainlyhappensnearthecoastB.peoplelivingincoastalcommunitieshavetomoveC.scientistshavewaystohandletherisingsealevelsD.coastalcitiesareeasilyaffectedbytherisingsealevels26.WhatdoesthewritermeanbysayingTheoceanisn’tlikewaterinabathtubinthethirdparagraph?A.Therisingsealevelishardtotell.B.TheoceancanbeeasilycontrolleD.CTheoceanisn’tequaltoabathtubinsizE.D.Thereistoomuchwaterforustocontrol.27.Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingshowstherightcauseandeffect?①climatechange;②oceancurrents;③thewinds;④changesinsealevel;⑤thedistributionofheatA.①→⑤→③→④→②B.①→③→②→⑤→④C.③→④→⑤→②→①D.①→⑤→③→②→④28.Whatproblemswillscientistsmeetwithinpredictingfutureclimatechanges?A.It'stoodifficulttomeasurewhat'shappening.B.Typesofmodelsforpredictionaredifficulttosetup.C.Therewillprobablybenosatellitestohelpthescientists.D.Therearen’tenoughscientistsstudyingthechangesofsealevels.
NASAhasrecentlyfoundatwinEarthintheMilkyWay.ScientistssaidtheplanetwastheclosesttoEarththathasbeenseen.Kepler452bwhichhasbeennamedEarth2issixbillionyearsolD.Ithasa385-dayyearandorbitsitsstaratthesamedistanceasus.ItissolikeEarththatNASAbelievesitispossiblethatlifeonceinhabitedtheplanet.Kepler452bis60percentlargerindiameter直径thanEarth.ScientistssaythattheplanetreceivedthesamekindofsunshineaswedoonEarth.Thusplantscouldsurviveiftakentotheplanet.Sincetheplanetis1.5billionyearsolderthanEarthscientistssayitcanshowapossiblefutureforearth.IfKepler452bisindeedarockyplanetsitslocationcouldmeanthatitisjustenteringanuncontrollablegreenhouseperiodofitsclimatehistory.SaidDougCaldwellascientistworkingontheKeplerMission.AccordingtoCaldwelltheincreasingenergyfromitsagingsunmightbeheatingthesurfaceandevaporatinganyoceans.Kepler452bcouldbeexperiencingnowwhatEarthwillundergomorethanabillionyearsfromnowastheSunagesandgrowsbrighter.Thediscoveryalsogivesnewhopethatalien外星人civilizationsmayexistbeyondtheSolarSystem.Wewon’tbegoingtothisplanetbutourchildren’schildren’schildrenmightbE.saidJeffCoughlinanotherresearchscientistontheKeplerMission.TheKeplerspacetelescope太空望远镜hasbeenlookingforsignsofnewworldsoutsidetheSolarSystemsinceMay2009andhassofarfoundmorethan4000planets.ButthoseplanetsareeithertoohotortoocoldtosustainlifE.注KeplerMissionNASA设计的发现类地行星的太空探索任务21.ThefollowingstatementsaboutKepler452bEarth2areallcorrectexcept________.A.Ithasexistedforsixbillionyears.B.Itis60%largerindiameterthantheearth.C.IthasalreadyenteredanuncontrollablegreenhouseperiodofitsclimatehistoryD.Itistheclosestplanettotheearth.22.TheimportanceofthediscoveryofEarth2liesinthefactthatEarth2________.①canshowalikelyfuturefortheearth②givesnewhopethataliencivilizationsmayexistbeyondtheSolarSystem③provesthatlifeonceinhabitedtheplanet④provesthatplantscansurviveonotherplanetsapartfromtheeartth.⑤isgoingthroughnowwhattheearthwillundergomorethanabillionyearsfromnowA.④⑤B.①③C.②④D.①②23.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Theearthhasexistedforabout4.5billionyears.B.Kepler452bisoneoftheplanetsintheMilkyWay.C.DougCaldwelandJeffCoughlinarebothresearchscientistsontheKeplerMission.D.Morethan4000planetsoutsidetheSolarSystemstillcannotsustainlifenow.
SpecialBridgesHelpAnimalsCrosstheRoad——ReportedbySheilaCarrickWhydidthechickencrosstheroad?TogettotheothersidE.MostpeopleknowthisjokE.ButrecentlysomepeoplehavebeenmuchmoreworriedabouthowthegrizzlybearandmountainlioncancrosstheroaD.MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roadstheFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infactonlyabout80ocelotsanendangeredwildcatexistintheU.S.today.Themainreason?Roadkill.Ecopassagesmayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.TheseecopassagescanbeextremelyusefulsothatwildlifecanavoidroadaccidentssaidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeProtectionSociety.Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheecopassages?Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaUniversityfoundfootmarksleftbymountainlionsonanecopassagethatwentunderahighway.ThisshowedthatthelionsusedthepassagE.Buildersofecopassagestrytomakethemlooklikeanaturalpartofanareabyplantingtreesonandaroundthem.Animalsseemtobecatchingon.Animalsasdifferentassalamandersandgrizzlybearsareusingthebridgesandunderpasses.ThenexttimeyouvisitaparkordrivethroughanareawithalotofwildlifelookarounD.Youmightseeananimaloverpass!52.Thewriterusestheexampleofocelotstoshowthat______.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstoworkD.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidents53.Fromthenewsstoryweknowanecopassageis______.A.apassforanimalstocrosstheroadB.anundergroundpathforcarsC.afencebuiltforthesafetyoftheareaD.abridgeforanimalstogetoverariver54.WhatdoesthewritermeanbysayingAnimalsseemtobecatchingon.?A.AnimalsbegintorealizethedangersontheroaD.B.Animalsbegintolearntouseecopassages.C.Animalsarecrossingtheroadingroups.D.Animalsareincreasinginnumber.55.Thewriterasksvisitorsanddriverstolookaroundwhentravelingbecause______.A.wildanimalsmayattackcarsB.wildanimalsmayjamtheroadC.theymayseewildanimalsintheparkD.theymayseewildanimalsonecopassages
HumanshavebeenkeepinganimalsaspetsfortensofthousandsofyearsbutDrJean-LoupRaultananimalscientistattheUniversityofMelbourneinAustraliabelievesnewcompanionsarecoming:robotpets.TechnologyismovingveryfastRaulttoldABCNewsTheTamagotchiintheearly1990swasreallythefirstroboticpetandnowSonyandotherbigcompanieshaveimprovedthemalot.Thismaynotsitwellwithpetlovers.Afterallwhowouldchooseaplastictoyoveralovelypuppy?ButRaultarguesthattherobotickindhasalotgoingforit:Youdon’thavetofeedityoudon’thavetowalkititwon’tmakeamessinyourhouseandyoucangoonaholidaywithoutfeelingguilty.Thetechnologyalsobenefitsthosewhoareallergictopetsshortonspaceorfearfulofrealanimals.It’snotclearwhetherrobotpetscanreplacerealones.Butstudiesdosuggestthatwecanbondwiththesesmartmachines.Peoplegivetheircarsnamesandkidsgivetheirtoyanimalslifestories.It’sthesamewithrobots.WhenSonystoppeditsrepairserviceforitsrobotdogAiboinMarch2014ownersinJapanheldfunerals.AsananimalwelfareresearcherRaultisconcernedabouthowroboticpetscouldaffectourattitudestowardsliveanimals.Ifwebecomeusedtoaroboticcompanionthatdoesn’tneedfoodwaterorexercisesperhapsitwillchangehowhumanscareaboutotherlivingbeingshesaiD.SoaredogsandcatsathingofthepastasRaultpredicts?Forthosewhogrewupwithlivingandbreathingpetsthemechanicalkindmightnotdo.Butforournextgenerationwhoareinconstanttouchwithsmarttechnologyafutureinwhichlovelypetsneedn’thaveaheartbeatmightnotbeafar-fetcheddream.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasesitwellwithmeans?A.berefusedbyB.bebeneficialtoC.makeadifferencetoD.receivesupportfrom5.Whataretheadvantagesofrobotpets?A.Theyareplasticandfeelsmooth.B.Ownersneedn’tworryaboutthemwhengoingout.C.Theycanhelpcureallergies.D.Theysavespaceandcosts.A.abB.bcC.bdD.cd6.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat___________.A.SonyisthefirstcompanytoproducerobotpetsAibo.B.Peoplecandevelopstrongbondwiththeirrobotpets.C.Raultthinksrobotpetsstillhavealongwaytogo.D.Robottoysmayhelppeoplecaremoreaboutlivingbeings.7.Thepassagemainlytellsus___________.A.theadvantagesofrobottoysB.thepopularityofrobotpetsC.livingpetsaredyingout.D.robotpetsarecoming.
HAVEyoueverbeenfacetofacewithacatorasheep?Ifyouhaveyouprobablynoticedthatcatsnarrowtheireyestovertical垂直的slits狭缝whilesheephavehorizontalpupils瞳孔.Whyisthedifference?ScientistsfromtheUniversitiesofCaliforniaBerkeleyandDurhaminBritainmayhavetheanswer.TheirresearchpublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvancessuggestedthatpupils’shapescouldtellwhetherananimalisahunterorgetshunteD.Theresearcherstookacloselookattheeyesof214landanimals.Thechallengewastoseeiftheycouldfindarelationshipbetweenananimal’sroleinthefoodchainandthepupils’shapes.Theyfoundapattern.Specieswithpupilsthatareverticalslitsaremorelikelytobesmallambushpredators捕猎者–creaturesthatlieinwaitfortheirlunch.Incontrastthosewithhorizontalpupilsaremorelikelytobeplant-eatingprey猎物species.Evolutionchosethearrangementforagoodreason.Forhunterssuchashouseholdcatsitappearsthatverticalpupilsnotonlyimprovetheirabilitytokeeptrackofmovingobjectslikemicebutalsomaximize使最大化theirabilitytojudgethedistancesoftheanimalstheyhunt.HoweveraninterestingdiscoveryfromthestudyisthattheslitpupilsaremostlylinkedtohuntersthatareclosetothegrounD.Thereforebiggercatswhoactivelyhuntdowntheirpreyliketigersandlionsdon’thaveslitpupils.Ontheotherhandforplant-eatingpreyanimalshorizontalpupilsgivethemawiderfieldofvision.Whenstretched伸展horizontallythepupilsallowformorelighttoenterfromthefrontbackandsides.Meanwhiletheyalsolimittheamountoflightfromthesunabovesotheanimalcanseethegroundbetter.Oncetheydodetect发现apredatortheyneedtoseewheretheyarerunningsaidleadingresearcherMartinBanksaUCBerkeleyprofessorofoptometry视光学.Theyhavetoseewellenoughoutofthecorneroftheireyetorunquicklyandjumpoverthings.Butwhathappenswhentheybenddowntoeat?ResearcherscheckedthisbywatchingpreyanimalsintheOaklandZooinCaliforniaUS.Theyconfirmed确认thatwhengoatslowertheirheadstoeattheireyesrotate旋转tokeeptheirpupilshorizontal.Soitseemsthattheeyesareindeedthewindowtothesoul!22.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.Howanimalskeeptrackofmovingobjects.B.Whyanimalshaveevolvedwithdifferentshapedpupils.C.Howanimalschangetheirpupils’shapewhenhuntingforfooD.D.Howthepupils’shapeinfluencesananimal’sabilitytodetectapredator.23.Accordingtothestudyslitpupils______.A.helptoprovideawiderfieldofvisionB.aremorelikelytobelongtobigpredatorsC.aremorelikelytobelongtothosetogethuntedD.providethesharpestwaytojudgehuntingdistance24.Whatcanweconcludefromthearticleaboutplant-eatingpreyanimals?A.Theirpupilsallowmorelighttobereceivedfrombothaboveandbelow.B.Theirpupilsareabletohelpthemscantheirsurroundingsforthreats.C.Oncetheydetectapredatortheireyesrotatetohelpthemfindwheretorun.D.Whentheylowertheirheadstoeattheynarrowtheireyestoverticalslits.
Mars火星appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywateratleastinthesummerscientistsreportedMonday.Itsuggeststhat.itwouldbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayonMarsNASA'ssciencemissionchiefJohnGrunsfeldsaidatanewsconferenceonSeptember282015.Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelongscientistssaiD.Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil.thinlayersofwetsoilnotstandingwatersaidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson!theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.BecauseliquidwaterisessentialtolifethefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianlifE.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxygenandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalistosendhumansthereinthe2030s.Theevidenceofflowingwaterconsistslargelyofdarknarrowstreaks条痕onthesurfacethattendtoappearandgrowduringthewarmestMartianmonthsandfadetherestoftheyear.Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummerandthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.ButsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmelticE.Thesource源头ofthewaterisamystery.ScientistsnoteditcouldbemeltingicE.Itcouldbeanundergroundaquiferwhichisrockorsandthatcanholdwater.ItispossiblywatervaporfromthethinMartianatmosphereOritmaybeacombinationMichaelMeyerleadscientistforNASA'sMarsexplorationprogramsaidtheonlydefinitivewayfornowtodeterminewhetherthere'slifeonMarsistocollectrocksandsoilforanalysisonEarth-somethingaU.S.landersetforlift-offin2020willdo.32.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?'A.StreamsofWaterSpottedonMarsB.AstronautswillLandonMarsC.NASA'sMarsExplorationProgramD.A.BreakthroughintheExplorationofMars33.AccordingtoJohnGrunsfeldthereseemstobeonMars.A.saltywaterB.standingwaterC.rocketfuelD.humanbeings34.ScientistsareuncertainabouttheofthewateronMars.A.stateB.sourceC.temperatureD.taste35.WhatmatterstotheexistenceofliquidwateronMars?A.Thedistancefromthesun.B.ThefavorableclimatE.C.ThegravityoftheearthD.Thesaltinit.
Theircheerysongbrightensmanyawinter’sday.Butrobinsareindangerofwearingthemselvesoutbysingingtoomuch.Robinsaresingingallnight一aswellasduringthedayBritish-basedresearcherssay.DavidDominoniofGlasgowUniversitysaidthatlightfromstreetlampstakeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds’biologicalclockleadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep.DrDominoniwhoisputtingcamerasinsidenestingboxestotracksleepingpatternssaidlackofsleepcouldputthebirds’healthatrisk.Hisstudyshowsthatwhenrobinsareexposedtolightatnightinthelabitleadstosomegenesbeingactiveatthewrongtimeofday.Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolightthemoreactivetheyareatnight.HetoldpeopleataconferenceTherehavebeenacoupleofstudiessuggestingtheyareincreasingtheirsongoutputatnightandduringthedaytheyarestillsinging.Singingisacostlybehaviorandittakesenergy.Sobyincreasingtheirsongoutputtheremightbesomecostsofenergy.Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.DrDominonisaidInGlasgowwhereIlivegullsareaseriousproblem.Ihavepeoplecomingtomesaying‘Youarethebirdexpert.Canyouhelpuskillthesegulls?’.Duringthebreeding繁殖seasonbetweenAprilandJunetheyareveryactiveatnightandverynoisyandpeoplecan’tsleep.AlthoughDrDominonihasonlystudiedlightpollutionotherresearchconcludedthatrobinslivinginnoisycitieshavestartedtosingatnighttomakethemselvesheardoverloudnoisE.Howeversomebirdsthrive兴旺innoisyenvironments.A.studyfromCaliforniaPolytechnicUniversityfoundmorehummingbirdsinareaswithheavyindustrialmachinery.Itisthoughtthattheyarecapitalizingontheirpredators天敌fleeingtoquieterareas.24.AccordingtoDrDominoni’sstudywhatcausesrobinstosingsomuch?A.Thebreedingseason.B.Thenoisefromheavymachinery.C.Thedangerousenvironment.D.ThelightinmodernlifE.25.Whatistheresearchers’concernovertheincreaseofbirds’songoutput?A.TheenvironmentmightbepolluteD.B.TheindustrycostmightbeincreaseD.C.Thebirds’healthmightbedamageD.D.Thepeople’shearingmightbeaffecteD.26.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordnocturnalinParagraph5mean?A.Inactiveatnight.B.Activeatnight.C.Activeduringtheday.D.Inactiveduringtheday.27.Whydosomebirdsthriveinnoisyenvironments?A.Becausetherearemoreplacestotakeshelter.B.Becausethereismorefoodtoeat.C.BecausethereislesslightpollutionD.Becausetherearefewerdangers.
Theworld’sstrangestcompetitionsCamelhairdressingBikanerIndiaInRajasthanIndiacamelsarekings.TheycarrygoodsworkatwellsandarenecessaryforgettingfromplacetoplacE.Soathree-dayfestivalcelebratescamelswithafur-cuttingcompetition.Ownersspenduptotwoyearspreparingtheircamels’hairforthecompetition.TheythencutthefurintobeautifultraditionalIndianpatterns.Tuna金枪鱼throwingPortLincolnAustraliaEveryJanuarysince1961theTunaramaFestival—acelebrationofthesandwich-friendlyseacreatureinthefishingtownofPortLincoln—hasattractedupto25000visitorsforthetunathrowingcompetition.Twenty-poundfisharetiedtotheendsofaropeswungaroundtheheadandthrownasfaraspossiblE.Nut-treeclimbingIndonesiaIndonesia’sDutchcolonisers殖民者couldbecruel.Ondaysofcelebrationtheywouldtieawheelofprizestothetopofanut-treecoverthetreewithoilandinviteyounglocalstotrytoclimbit.Indonesiahasbeenindependentsincethemid-1940sbutthetraditionofpoleclimbingknownasPanjatPinangisstillpopular.Sinceit'snearlyimpossibletogettothetopofapolebyyourselfpeoplenowworkingroupstoreachtheprizes.TheverticalmarathonSingaporeThe73-storeySwissotelisthetallesthotelinSoutheastAsiasothebestchoiceforgettingtothetopisthelift.ButsinceNovember2004athletictypeshavebeengoingtothebuildingonceayeartoraceupits1336steps.Thewinnersarerewardedwithabreath-takingviewofthegardencityofSingaporefromthehotel’sroof.8.Thefur-cuttingcompetitioninBikanerisheldto______.A.showrespectforcamelsB.increasetourisminBikanerC.protecttraditionalIndianartD.encourageIndia’sfur-cuttingindustry9.WhatcanwelearnaboutPanjatPinang?A.itwasinventedbyIndonesians.B.itisforyoungpeopleonly.C.itrequiresteamwork.D.itwasonceapunishment.10.Ifyouwanttohaveabird’seyeviewofacityyoushouldwin____.A.thecamelhairdressingcompetitionB.thenut-treeclimbingcompetitionC.thetunathrowingcompetitionD.theverticalmarathon
AmousehappenedtolookthroughaholeinthewalltoseethefarmerandhiswifeopenapackagE.Whatfoodmightthiscontain?ThemousewondereD.Buthewassadtodiscoveritwasamousetrap.Backtothefarmyardthemouseannouncedthiswarning;Thereisamousetrapinthehouse!Thereisamousetrapinthehouse!Thehenclucked咯咯地叫andscratchedraisedherheadandsaidMr.MouseIcantellthisisagreatconcerntoyoubutitisofnoconsequencetomE.Icannotbebotheredbyit.Thenthemouseturnedtothepig.ThepigsympathizedbutsaidIamsoverysorryMr.MousebutthereisnothingIcandoaboutitbutpray.Beassuredyouareinmyprayers.Thenthemouseturnedtothecowandrepeatedthesamewords.ThecowsaidMooMr.MousE.I’msorryforyoubutit’snoskinoffmynosE.Sothemousereturnedtothehouseheaddownandsadlyfacedthefarmer’smousetrapalonE.Thatverymomentasoundwasheardthroughoutthehouse–thesoundofamousetrapcatchingitsprey猎物.Thefarmer’swiferushedtoseewhatwascaught.Inthedarknessshedidnotseeit.Itwasapoisonoussnakewhosetailwascaughtinthetrap.Thesnakebitthefarmer’swifE.Thefarmerrushedhertothehospital.Whenshereturnedhomeshestillhadafever.Everyoneknowsfreshchickensoupisgoodtotreatafever.SothefarmertookhisknifetothefarmyarD.ThehenwaskilleD.Buthiswife’ssicknesscontinueD.Friendsandneighborscametositwithheraroundtheclock.Tofeedthemthefarmerbutcheredthepig.Thefarmer’swifedidnotgetwellbutdieD.Somanypeoplecameforherfuneralthatthefarmerhadthecowkilledtoprovideenoughmeatforallofthemforthelunch.Themouselookeduponitallfromhisholeinthewallwithgreatsadness.61.Whatsurprisedthemousewhenlookingthroughthehole?A.ThefarmerandhiswifE.B.A.dangerousmousetrap.C.A.packagewithfoodin.D.A.poisonoussnakE.62.Whatdidthemousedowhenitreturnedtothefarmyard?A.Itwarneditsneighborsofthedanger.B.Ithadawarmtalkwithhisfriends.C.Itarguedwithitsneighborsloudly.D.Ittriedhardtocheeritsneighbors.63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthestory?A.Thehenwassurethatitneedn’tbebotheredbyit.B.ThepigonlyexpresseditssympathyforthemousE.C.Thefarmer’sneighborscametohishomeformeat.D.Thefarmer’swifewasbittenbythepoisonoussnakE.64.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencebutit’snoskinoffmynoseinparagraph5mean?A.Itisnotinterestingatall.B.Itisoutofthequestion.C.Itdoesn’taffectmysmell.D.Itisnoneofmybusiness.65.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpressthemoralofthestory?A.Mindworksfasterintimeofdanger.B.Neverputyournoseintoothers’business.C.OutofsightoutofminD.D.WeshouldpulltogetherintimeoftroublE.
Nowscientistshavediscoveredthefirstevidence证据thattheanimalsactuallybehaveliketheirmasters.Justlikechildrentheyusealookandlearnwaywhichmeanstheycanmimic模仿human’sactionswhengoingabouttheirtasks.BiologistsandpsychologistsattheuniversitiesofViennaandOxforddesignedanexperimenttotestthetheory理论thatdogsdohavetheabilitytocopywhattheyseeusingasimplewoodenbox.Inthestudytenownersshowedtheirdogshowtoopenthewoodenboxsometimesusingtheirheadstopushahandleandsometimesusingtheirhands.Inthefirstpartofthetestfivedogswererewardedwithapieceofsausageforcopyingtheirowners’actions.Theotherfivewererewardedwithfoodfornotcopyingandusingothermethods.Witheachdogtheexperimentwasrepeatedhundredsoftimesandthetimetakenforadogtogetitrighton85percentofattempts尝试17goesoutof20wasrecordeD.Thedogsthatwereencouragedtomirrortheirownersreachedthispointalmostthreetimessooneronaveragethanthoserewardedfornotcopyingthem.InthesecondpartofthetestallthedogswereonlyrewardedforcopyingthemethodtheirownersuseD.Thefivedogspreviously先前rewardedforcopyingtheirownersreachedthe85percentmarkmorethantwiceastheotherfivE.InapaperpublishedinProceedingoftheRoyalSocietytheyconcludedLikehumansdogscan’thelpimitatingactionstheyseE.GoingfurthertheysaidTheresultssuggesttheimitative模仿的behaviorofdogsisshapedmorebytheirdevelopmentalinteractionswithhumansthanbytheirevolutionary进化的historyofdomestication驯化.CarolineKiskofromtheKennelclubsaidAdog’sbehaviorisinfluencedmuchlikethatofachildlearningrightfromwrongandusingsimilarpatternsofbehavior.Wehopethatownersunderstandtheimportanceoftheiractionsandusethisknowledgetosetgoodexamplesandthereforepositivelyinfluencethebehavioroftheirpets.5.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.DogsAreIntelligentAnimals.B.DogsArelikeChildrenMost.C.DogsBehavelikeTheirMasters.D.DogsCanCompleteSimpleTasks.6.Theresearchersbelievedogs’imitativebehaviorcomesmainlyfrom______.A.human-doginteractionsB.humanrewardsC.evolutionD.domestication7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.MastersshouldinfluencetheirdogsasearlyaspossiblE.B.A.man’sbadbehaviormayinfluencehisdog.C.Dogscan’tbeinfluencedbymeneasily.D.Dogsalwaysbehavepositively.
Manyofusrememberbeinginawe敬畏whenwesawcloneddinosaursrunningwildinthefilmJurassicPark.Andtheideaofusingtechnologytorevive恢复extinctspecieshaslongfascinatednotonlywritersanddirectorsbutscientistsaswell.AccordingtoTheTelegraphwoollymammoths长毛猛犸象whichfeaturedinthepopularIceAgeanimatedmovieseriesmaywalktheearthoncemorenowthatscientistshavetakenanothersteptowardrealizingalong-helddream—recreatingtheirDNA.Mammothsbecameextinctaround10000yearsago.Howeversincethediscoveryofnear-perfectpreservedremainsinArcticpermafrost北极冻土带inMay2013avarietyofresearchstudieshavebeencarriedoutsincE.GeneticistsfromHarvardUniversityanalyzedDNAfromtheremainslookingforgeneswhichseparatedmammothsfromelephantssuchashairinessandearsizE.Theythenusedtheresultstoreproduceexactcopiesof14mammothgenes.Itisthefirsttimethatmammothgeneshavebeenalive—althoughsofarithasonlybeendoneinthelabGeorgeChurchleadresearcheroftheprojecttoldtheSundayTimes.ChurchthenusedanewtechniquewhichallowsscientiststoeditDNAcarefullyreplacingsectionsofelephantDNAwiththemammothgenes.SowenowhavefunctioningelephantcellswithmammothDNAinthemhesaiD.HoweverChurchruledoutthepossibilityofbringingthemammothsbacktolifeviacloningfromfrozenremains.Hesaidhepreferredtofocusonrebuildingthefullmammothgenome基因组byanalyzingDNAfrompreservedremainsandputtingitintothecellsofitsclosestlivingrelative–theAsianelephantreportedTheTelegraph.Churcharguedthatthereturnofthewoollymammoth—orratherthereturnofsomethingverysimilar—couldhelpbringbackfragile脆弱的ecosystems.Howeversomescientistsbelievethatbringingbackthemammothwouldbeunethical.ProfessorAlexGreenwoodanexpertonancientDNAsaid:WemayfacetheextinctionofAfricanandAsianelephants.Whybringbackanotherelephantfromextinctionwhenwecannotevenkeeptheonesthatarenotextinctaround?hetoldtheSundayTimes.Whatisthemessage?Wecanbeasirresponsiblewiththeenvironmentaswewant.Thenwe’lljustclonethingsback?MoneywouldbebetterspentfocusingonconservingwhatwedohavethanspendingitonananimalthathasbeenextinctforthousandsofyearshesaiD.59.Wecanlearnfromthearticlethat______.A.clonedmammothsfollowedcloneddinosaurstogetrevivedB.thetechnologytorevivemammothgenesisalreadymatureC.GeorgeChurchandhiscolleaguestriedtoreproducemammothDNAD.Churchandhisteammanagedtolistallthegenesthatseparatemammothsfromelephants60.AccordingtoChurchwhatisthesignificanceofhisstudy?A.ItcouldhelppreventtheextinctionoftheAsianelephant.B.ItcouldhelppeoplebettertellelephantDNAfrommammothgenes.C.Itcouldhelpbringbacksomeextinctspeciesandsavefragileecosystems.D.Itcouldhelpbringmammothsbacktolifeviacloningfromfrozenremains.61.TheunderlinedwordunethicalinParagraph7isclosestinmeaningto______.A.unacceptableB.misledC.impracticalD.illegal62.AccordingtothearticleProfessorAlexGreenwoodbelievesthat_______.A.thereisnoneedtoworryabouttheextinctionofAfricanandAsianelephantsatpresentB.it’snecessarytobringbackspeciesthatarebeneficialtohumanbeingsfromextinctionC.thereturnofthewoollymammothwouldhelptobalanceecosystemsD.it’smoreimportanttoprotectpresentspeciesthantobringbackextinctones
Bamboo竹子isoneofnature’s自然mostsurprisingplants.Manypeoplecallthisplantatreebutitisakindofgrass.Likeotherkindsofgrassabambooplantmaybecutverylowtothegroundbutitwillgrowbackveryquickly.A.Japanesescientistreportedonebambooplantwhichgrew1.5metres4feetin24hours!BamboogrowsalmosteverywhereintheworldexceptEuropE.Therearemorethan1000kindsofbamboo.NotallbamboolooksthesamE.Somebambooplantsareverythin.Theymayonlygrowtobeafewcentimeterswidewhileothersmaygrowtomorethan30centimetres1footacross.Thisplantalsocomesindifferentcolorsfromyellowtoblacktogreen.Bamboohasbeenusedtomakemanythingssuchashatsandkitchentools.Becauseitisstrongbambooisalsousedtobuildbuildings.ManyAsiancountrieshaveusedbambooforhundredsofyears.Theyoftenusebambooforbuildingsandsupportingnewbuildingsandbridgeswhiletheyarebeingbuilt.InAfricapoorfarmersaretaughthowtofindwaterusingbamboo.TheseAfricancountriesneedcheapwaytofindwaterbecausetheyhavenomoneyandtheircropsoftendiefromnorainandnowater.Bamboopipeshelppoorfarmersbringwatertotheirthirstyfieldswithoutspendingalotofmoney.21.Howisbamboolikegrass?A.Itgrowsquickly.B.It’swooD.C.ItiseasytocutD.Itisverythin22.Thoughyoucanseebambooeverywhereitdoesn’tgrow______.A.inChinaB.inEuropeC.onmountainsD.inAfrica23.WhyisbamboousedbyAfricanpoorfarmers?A.Becauseitischeap.B.Becauseithasdifferentcolors.C.Becauseitisstrong.D.BecauseithasbeenusedbyAsians.24.Bamboopipescan______.A.makemoneyB.betreesC.growquicklyD.carrywater
Peopleshouldhaveonemeat-freedayaweekiftheywanttomakeapersonalandeffectivesacrifice牺牲thatwouldhelpdealwithclimatechangetheworld’sleadingauthorityonglobalwarminghastoldTheObserver.DrRajendraPachaurichairoftheUnitedNationsIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangesaidthatpeopleshouldthengoontoreducetheirmeatconsumptionevenfurther.Pachauriwhowasre-electedthepanel’schairmanforasecondsix-yeartermlastweeksaiddietchangewasimportantbecauseofthehugegreenhousegasemissions排放andotherenvironmentalproblemsassociatedwithraisingcattleandotheranimals.ItwasrelativelyeasytochangeeatinghabitscomparedtochangingmeansoftransporthesaiD.TheUN’sFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasestimatedthatmeatproductionaccountsfornearlyafifthofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Theseareproducedduringtheproduction.Forexampleruminants反刍动物particularlycowsgiveoffagascalledmethane甲烷whichis23timesmoreeffectiveasaglobalwarmingagentthanCO2.PachauricanexpectsomeoppositeresponsesfromthefoodindustrytohisadvicethoughlastnighthewasgivenunexpectedsupportbyMasterchefpresenterandrestaurateurJohnTorodE.IhavealittlebitandenjoyitsaidTorodE.ToomuchforanypersonisbaD.Butthere’sabiggerissuehere:wherethemeatcomesfrom.IfweallboughtBritishandstoppedbuyingimportedfoodwe’dsaveahugeamountofcarbonemissions.ProfessorRobertWatsonthechiefscientificadviserfortheDepartmentforEnvironmentFoodandRuralAffairssaidgovernmentcouldhelpeducatepeopleaboutthebenefitsofeatinglessmeatbutitshouldnotregulatE.Eatinglessmeatwouldhelpthere’snoquestionaboutthatWatsonsaiD.HoweverChrisLambheadofmarketingforpigindustrygroupBPEXsaidthemeatindustryhadbeenunfairlytargetedandwasworkinghardtofindoutwhichactivitieshadthebiggestenvironmentalimpactandreducethem.SomeideaswerecontradictoryhesaiD.ForexampleonesolutiontoemissionsfromcattleandotheranimalswastokeepthemindoorsbutthiswoulddamageanimalwelfarE.ClimatechangeisaveryyoungscienceandourviewistherearealotofsimplesolutionsbeingproposeD.63.Whatisdirectlyrelatedtoglobalwarming?A.Consumptionofmeat.B.GrowthofcattlE.C.Methanefromruminants.D.Processingofmeat.64.Whoholdsaviewoppositetotheothers’inthepassage?A.RajendraPachauri.B.JohnTorodE.C.RobertWatson.D.ChrisLamB.65.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_____.A.weshouldtrytokeepawayfromcattleB.ruminantsshouldnotbeleftoutdoorsC.themeatindustrywillsoonclosedownD.wemustdoourdutytosavetheearth66.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LessmeatslowerglobalwarmingB.MoreanimalsmoregreenhousegasC.LessimportedfoodbetterourenvironmentD.Greaterdietchangesmallerclimatechange
Thepoachingorillegalkillingofrhinos犀牛inSouthAfricaisgrowingworseeachyear.Thegovernmentrecentlyreportedthatarecordnumberofrhinoswerepoachedin2014ayearwhichhadmorerhinokillingsinSouthAfricathaneverbefore.TheWorldWildlifeFundorWWFsaysabout20000rhinosliveinSouthAfrica.Thatismorethan80percentoftherhinosintheworld.EdnaMolewaSouthAfrica’senvironmentalissuesministersaysDuring2014wearesadtosaythis1215rhinoswerekilled.Thisisariseinthenumberofpoachedrhinosfrom1004in2013andindeedveryworrying.Theanimalsarehuntedfortheirhorns犀牛角.ManypeopleinAsiabelievethehornhascuringpowerwhichdrivespoachersatallcostsmadformorehorns.Butthereisnoscientificevidenceforthisbelief.Thehornismadeofkeratin.Thatisthesamethingashumanhairfingernailsandtoenails.Ms.Mo1ewasaid386suspectedpoacherswerearrestedlastyearanincreasefromtheyearbefore.Butrhinoprotectionworkerssaypoachersoftengounpunishedafterarrest.SouthAfrica’slegalsystemisineffective.Ms.MolewasaidmoreneedstobedoneandSouthAfricaistakingstrongmeasurestoprotectrhinos.Theeffortsincludemovingsomeoftheanimalstosecretplacesinneighboringcountries.Nowapproximately100rhinoshavebeenmovedtoneighboringstatesintheSADCregionduring2014and200morerhinoswillbemovedthisyearMolewasaid.JoShawtherhinoprogrammanagerattheWWFsaidwe’retalkingaboutalossofahundredrhinosamonth.Ormorethanthreeaday.Wereallyneedtoseeeffectiveactionnotjustatanationallevelbutinternationally.Shesaysofficialsshouldfindthecriminalgroupsresponsibleforthepoachingandpunishthem.GovernmentofficialsaretomeetinBotswanainMarchattheInter-governmentalConferenceonIllegalWildlifeTradE.21.Whatdoweknowaboutrhinos?A.HalfoftherhinosliveinSouthAfrica.B.Lessthan1000rhinoswerekilledin2013.C.Thekillingreachedthehighestpointin2014.D.Thereareonly20000rhinosleftintheworld.22.Whatisthemainreasonforpeopletohuntrhinos?A.Togetmorekeratin.B.Toprotectthefarmland.C.Tousethemfordecoration.D.Tomakemoneyfromhorns.23.JoShawthinksthat_________.A.manycriminalgroupsarewellorganizedB.newlawsareneededtopunishthekillersC.rhinoprotectionneedsinternationalcooperationD.conferencesaboutprotectingrhinosaretobeheldeveryyear24.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Rhinoprotectionhasalongwaytogo.B.Noonewouldliketobuyhornsinthefuture.C.Theillegalkillingofrhinoswillsoondisappear.D.RhinoslivinginSouthAfricawillmovetoothercountries.
Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents洋流.Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.HoweveroceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbagE.A.scientistwithmanyyears’experiencehestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes—about60000intotal—fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpectedthecompanytoldhimthattheydidn’t.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylandedhecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld’sbestareasforbeachcombing海滩搜寻becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhereandasaresultthereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersintheareA.EbbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslandeD.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1600shoes.Withthisdataheandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrentsandpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.AstheresultofhisworkEbbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexpertswith500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealanD.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.32.Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout______.A.whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB.whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC.whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD.howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident33.HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A.Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.B.Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.C.Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D.Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.34.Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor______.A.travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB.makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC.runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD.phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea35.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallpeople’sattentiontooceanpollution.B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.
Whydoplantsgrowinsomeplacesandnotinothers?Whydoessomelandhavesomuchgrowingonitwhileotherlandhasalmostnoplantsgrowingonitatall?Togrowplantsneedseveralthings.Oneiswarmth.Inverycoldplacesalmostnothinggrows.Plantsalsoneedwater.InverydrypartsoftheEarthonlyafewunusualplantscangrow.That’swhydrydesertseverywherearealmostnotcoveredbytreesorgrass.Plantsmustalsohaveaplaceinwhichtoputdowntheirrootsandgrow.TheyfinditdifficulttogrowonhardlanD.ThetownisbuiltonhardlanD.Theplantsherehaveonlythesoilfoundbetweenthecracksofthestonestogrowin.AnotherthingplantsmusthavebeforetheycangrowisfooD.Whatwillhappenifwetrytomakethingsgrowonthesandybeach?A.fewplantssuchasbeachgrasswillgrowinsandbutmostplantswon’t.Eveniftheweatheriswarmenoughandwewatertheplantseachdaymanyofthemwilldiebecausethesandonthisbeachhasalmostnofoodforplants.40.Accordingtothepassageplantsneed_______thingstogrowwell.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five41.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordcracksmeaninthetext?A.缝隙B.表面C.夹层D.底部42.Thereasonwhymostplantscan’tgrowonthesandybeachisthat_______.A.thereisn’tenoughsunlightB.thereistoomuchwaterC.itistoocrowdedthereD.ithaslittlefoodforplants43.Thepassagecanmostprobablybefoundina________book.A.scienceB.historyC.travelD.math
Beingabletomultitask-doingseveralthingsatthesametime-isconsideredawelcomeskillbymostpeoplE.Butifweconsiderthesituationoftheyoungpeopleagedfromeighttoeighteenweshouldthinkagain.Whatweoftenseenowadaysisthatyoungpeoplejuggleaneverlargernumberofelectronicdevices电子产品astheystudy.WhileworkingtheyalsosurfontheInternetsendoutemailsanswerthetelephoneandlistentomusicontheiriPods.Inasensetheyarespendingasignificantamountoftimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Multitaskingisevenchangingtherelationshipbetweenfamilymembers.Asyoungpeoplegivesomuchattentiontotheirownworldstheyseemtohavenotimetospendwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.TheycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytablE.Multitaskingalsoaffectsyoungpeople'sperformanceatuniversityandintheworkplacE.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionoftheeffectofmoderngadgets器具ontheirperformanceoftasksmanyyoungpeoplegaveapositiveresponse反应.HowevertheresponsefromtheworldsofeducationandbusinesswasnotquiteaspositivE.Educatorsfeelthatmultitaskingbychildrenhasaseriouseffectonlaterdevelopmentofstudyskills.Theybelievethatmanycollegestudentsnowneedhelptoimprovetheirstudyskills.Similarlyemployersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringthejobmarketneedtobetaughtalloveragainasmodemgadgetshavemadeitunnecessaryforthemtolearnspecialskillstodotheirwork.62.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordjuggleinParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.WanttobuyB.Taketheplaceof.C.UseatthesametimeD.Seekforinformationfrom.63.InParagraph3theauthorpointsoutthatA.familymembersdonoteatatthefamilytableB.familymemberdonotgreeteachotherC.youngpeoplelivehappilyintheirfamiliesD.youngpeopleseldomtalkwiththeirfamilymembers64.Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_A.providingtypicalexamplesB.followingthenaturaltimeorderC.comparingopinionsfromdifferentfieldsD.presentingacauseandanalyzingitseffects
Treesareusefultomaninthreeimportantways:theygivehimwoodandotherusefulthingstheygivehimcoolplacesandtheyhelptostopdroughtandflooD.Unluckilyinmanypartsoftheworldmanhasnotfoundthatthethirdofthesepointsisthemostimportant.ManwantstomakemoneyfromtreessohehascutthemdowninlargenumbersonlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehaD.Andalsoheisusuallytoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtrees.Sotheforestsslowlydisappear.Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatmanwillhavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenworse:forwheretherearetreestheirrootsbreakupsoil---maketherainin---andalsobind凝固thesoilthusstoppingitfrombeingwashedawayeasily;butwheretherearenotreestherainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawaycausingfloodsandcarryingawaytherichtop-soil.Whenallthetopsoilisgonenothingisleftbutuselessdesert.30.Themostimportantpointsoftreestomanis________.A.theyhelphimtomakemoneyB.theygivehimcoolC.theygivehimwoodandotherthingsD.theyhelphimtostopdroughtandfloods31.Inmanyplacesforestsslowlydisappearbecause________.A.manytreeshavebeencutdownbymanB.newtreesarenotwelllookedafterC.manhasnotpaidenoughattentiontoplantingtreesD.alltheabove32.Landbecomesdesertafteralltreesarecutdownbecause________.A.rootsoftreesbreakupthesoilB.therearetoomanyrainfallsC.strongwindsbringalotofsandD.therearenolongertreestokeeptherainandprotectthetop-soil.
Alaska’sArcticlakesnowfreezelaterandmeltearlierintheyearthanin1950leavingthemeasytosufferwaterlossfromevaporation蒸发andpossiblyaddingtolocalwarminganewstudyfinds.ThewintericeseasonnearBarrowAlaskaisshorterthanin1950researchersreportedJan.30inthejournalTheCryospherE.Lakeiceisalsothinnereachwinter.Thescientistssurveyed402lakesontheNorthSlopewherepermafrostpermanentlyfrozengroundandshallowlakesdominatethearea.In2011thelakeicewas38percentthinnerthanin1950and22percentfewerlakesfrozethroughtotheirbottoms.WhenwesawtheactualnumberswewereshockedathowdramaticthechangehasbeenleadstudyauthorCristinaSurduoftheUniversityofWaterlooinCanadasaidinastatement.Surduandherco-authorsanalyzedthechangesinlake—icethicknessandicecoverwithsatelliteimagesandclimatemodelsimulationssatelliteimagesareonlyavailablefrom1991.TheclimatemodelssuggesttheArcticlakesfrozealmostsixdayslaterandbrokeupabout18daysearlierinthewinterof2011comparedwiththewinterof1950.ThechangesiniceandtheshortenedwinteraffectNortherncommunitiesthatdependoniceroadstotransportgoodsSurdusaid.ForexampleeverywinteroilcompaniesbuildroadsoverfrozenlakestocarrysuppliestoPrudhoeBay.‘‘ThedramaticchangesinlakeicemayalsocontributetofurtherwarmingoftheentireregionbecauseopenwateronlakescontributestowarmerairtemperaturesSurdusaid.TheArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastherestoftheplanetforreasonsthatmayincludeitslayeredatmospherewhichtrapsheatandthelossofseaiceandsnowcoverwhichhelpreflectthesun’senergywhenpresent.28.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Arctic1akesnowfreezeearlierandmelt1ater.B.Alaska’slocalwarmingisdecreasingsharply.C.Arcticlakesarelosingice.D.Arcticlakesholdmorefleshwaterthanbefore.29.AccordingtothetextthegreatchangesofAlaska’sArcticlakes________.A.aretotallybeyondSurdu’sexpectationsB.arecompletelywithinSurdu’sexpectationsC.comeasnosurprisetoSurduandherco-authorsD.comeasagreatexcitementtoSurdu30.HowmanydayswasthewintericeseasonofArctic1akesin2011shorterthanthatin1950?A.6days.B.12days.C.18days.D.24days.31.WhatisthelastparagraphmainlyaboutaccordingtoSurdu?A.Whatreflectsthesun’senergy.B.Howitslayeredatmospheretrapsheat.C.Whyourplanetiswarming.D.WhytheArcticregionisbecomingwarmer.
Anastronautsoundscooldoesn'tit?Inspacetheygettodosomeprettyamazingthingslikefloatinginzerogravity重力.Howevertherearealsoplentyofthingsthatastronautscan'tdobecauseoftheirweightlessenvironmentandthat'sverysaD.What'sworsetheycan'tevenlettheirsadnessshow–becauseit'simpossibletocryinzerogravity.Ofcourseastronautscanstillproducetears.ButcryingismuchmoredifficultinspacereportedTheAtlanticinJanuary.Withoutgravitytearsdon'tflowdownwardoutoftheeyesliketheydohereonEarth.Thismeansthatwhenyoucryinspaceyourtearshavenowheretogo—theyjuststicktoyoureyes.InMay2011astronautAndrewFeustelexperiencedthisduringoneofhisspacewalks.Tearshesaiddon'tfalloffofyoureyE.TheyjustkindofstaytherE.Besidesmakingyourvisionunclearthiscanalsocausephysicalpain.BackonEarthtearsaresupposedtobringcomforttotheeyes.Butthat'snotthecaseinspacE.Thespaceenvironmentdriesoutastronauts'eyesandwhentearssuddenlywettheeyesitcancausepainratherthancomfort.Myrighteyeispainfullikecrazy.Feusteltoldhisteammateduringthewalk.Sincegravitydoesn'tworkinspaceastronautsneedsomeextrahelptogetridofthetears.Feustelchosetorubhiseyesagainsthishelmettowipethetearsaway.Anotherchoiceistojustwait—WhenthetearsgetbigenoughtheysimplybreakfreeoftheeyeandfloataroundastronautRonParisetoldTheAtlantiC.Therearelotsofsmallthings—thingslikecrying–thatwearesousedtoonEarth.WeusuallytakethemforgranteduntiltheybecomeaprobleminatotallydifferentenvironmentlikespacE.Thereastronautscan'ttalktoeachotherdirectly.Theyalsocan'teatordrinkinnormalways.Theycan'tevenburp打嗝becausethereisnogravitytoholdthefooddownintheirstomach.Iftheydoburptheyjustendupthrowingup呕吐everythingintheirstomachaccordingtotheUKNationalSpaceCenter.Thusperhapsit'sonlyspaceexplorerswhocanhonestlysay:Gravityyou'rethebest.41.Whatcanweconcludefromparagraphs2and3?A.AstronautsareunabletofeelsadinspacE.B.AstronautsproducefewertearsinspacE.C.Tearsproducedinspaceflowdownmoreslowly.D.Tearsproducedinspacedon'tflowdownwarD.42.Whateffectdotearshaveonastronauts?A.Theycausephysicalpain.B.Theybringcomforttothem.C.Theymaketheirvisionclearer.D.TheyfloataroundandcausetroublE.43.Whatcantheastronautdotogetridofthetears?A.RubhiseyesagainsthishelmettoletthetearsfloatforwarD.B.RubhiseyesbyhandtoletthetearsfloatarounD.C.Getthetearsbigenoughtofalloffofhiseyes.D.Getthetearsbigenoughtobreakawayfromhiseyes.44.What'sthesecond-to-lastparagraphmainlyabout?A.SuggestionsonhowastronautscanstaycomfortableinspacE.B.OtherbasicthingsthataredifficulttodoinspacE.C.WhyburpingisimpossibleinspacE.D.Thingsthathumanscan'tdowithoutgravity.45.Whenofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Intheskyyoucan'tburpB.BetterlifewithgravityC.Intheskyyoucan'tcryD.NoGravitynotears
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