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下列是一组关于利率的材料: 材料1 8月11日,日本银行(日本中央银行)决定把短期利率由近乎于零提高到0.25%,日本维持一年半的零利率政策宣告结束。这也是日本央行10年来第一次提高利率。 所谓零利...
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下面是关于中日钓鱼岛__的一组材料请回答日本挑起钓鱼岛__的原因
甲公司11月A原材料的材料成本差异率为
3%
-1%
-0.75%
-2%
2011年2月1日建行A网点甲单位向乙单位签发了一张10万元银行承兑汇票到期日为2011年8月1日8
10万元
10万元、10万元自8月1日起至8月18日止按照中国人民银行规定的同档次活期存款利率计算的利息
10万元、10万元自8月11日起至8月18日止按照中国人民银行规定的同档次流动资金贷款利率计算的利息
10万元、10万元自8月11日起至8月18日止按照中国人民银行规定的同档次活期存款利率计算的利息
下列关于计划成本法下设置会计科目的说法中不正确的是
“在途物资”科目核算企业原材料的实际成本
“材料采购”科目核算企业原材料的实际成本
“材料成本差异”科目的借方余额表示超支差额
“材料成本差异”科目的贷方余额表示节约差额
某加工企业2014年11月发生以下业务111月2日与甲企业签订一份以货换货合同用库存1200万元的存
5
15
20
30
甲银行持有一组住房抵押贷款借款方可提前偿付2014年1月1日该组贷款的本金和摊余成本均为5000万元
该项金融资产转移形成的利得为45万元
在金融资产转移日应确认的继续涉入资产为520万元
在金融资产转移日应确认的继续涉入负债为520万元
在金融资产转移日应确认的继续涉入负债为535万元
甲银行仍保留贷款部分的账面价值为500万元
中西公司是一家工业生产企业为增值税一般纳税人存货采用实际成本法计价2012年11月发生如下业务111
在校园课堂学习中同学们收集到下列一组材料材料一日本是中国的闹钟时刻让中国警醒——读者材料二材料三19
中西公司是一家工业生产企业为增值税一般纳税人存货采用实际成本法计价2008年11月发生如下业务111
甲公司11月发出材料的实际成本为元
29775
30225
29400
29100
某加工企业2019年11月发生以下业务111月2日与甲企业签订一份 以货换货合同用库存1200万元的
5
15
2
30
下列是一组关于利率的材料材料18月11日日本银行日本中央银行决定把短期利率由近乎于零提高到0.25%
某加工企业2014年11月发生以下业务111月2日与甲企业签订一份以货换货合同用库存1200万元的存
150
250
550
750
某加工企业2014年11月发生以下业务111月2日与甲企业签订一份以货换货合同用库存1200万元的存
16.67
250
500
2500
某加工企业2019年11月发生以下业务111月2日与甲企业签订一份 以货换货合同用库存1200万元的
3600
6000
7200
12000
甲银行持有一组住房抵押贷款借款方可提前偿付2×16年1月1日该组贷款的本金和摊余成本均为5000万元
该项金融资产转移形成的利得为45万元
在金融资产转移日应确认的继续涉入资产为520万元
在金融资产转移日应确认的继续涉入负债为520万元
在金融资产转移日应确认的继续涉入负债为535万元
某加工企业2019年11月发生以下业务111月2日与甲企业签订一份 以货换货合同用库存1200万元的
150
250
500
2500
安华工厂6月份发生以下业务 16月3日向银行借入短期借款45000元存入银行 26月6
某加工企业2014年11月发生以下业务111月2日与甲企业签订一份以货换货合同用库存1200万元的存
3600
6000
7200
12000
某加工企业2019年11月发生以下业务111月2日与甲企业签订一份 以货换货合同用库存1200万元的
16.67
250
500
2500
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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41~45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.10pointsLaurawhowasinfirst-yearhighhadgonetothesamepublicschoolthatherbrothersnowattendedbutthisyearshewasapupilatGreenValleyAcademyasmallcountrydayschoolontheoutskirtsofthecity.41.________________________.TheyknewLaurawassmartofcoursebutsomeoftheotherBaltimoreprivateschoolsforgirlswereexcellentandhadlowertuitionsandeventhepublichighschoolswereallright.LotsofnicekidswhosefathershadtwiceasbiganincomeasHenryWadewenttothem.42.________________________.Youeitherspoiledherormadeherbitter.TheseargumentswerecogentEmilyWadeadmittedbuttheysimplydidn’tapplyinLaura’scase.43.________________________.MoreoveritwasEmily’stheorythatchildrenlearnedloveaswellasdisciplinebyfamilyexample;ifyoudidallyoucouldforthemkeepingtheirbestinterestsinmindtheywouldn’tletyoudowninacrisis.44.________________________.HowtruethathadbeenthoughtEmilydrivingslowlybecauseshehadaquarterhourtospareandshemightaswellgiveLauratimetostudy.HermindwentbacktothatblackmomentamonthbeforewhenshehadmetHenryforlunchinarestaurantandhehadtoldherthathewasoutofajob.45.________________________.Hewasprettysurehecouldgetanotherandabetterposition;therewasafirmthathadbeenmakingoverturestohimandonlyasenseofloyaltytohisoldfirmhadmadehimignorethemuptothispoint.Butthemanhe’dhavetoseewasoutoftownandwouldn’tbebackuntilthefirstoftheyear.Thentoohe’djusthadaletterfromhisbrotherinOhio;itseemedthatthewholefamilyouttherewasshottohell.Hisbrotherwhowasaschoolteacherwasbrokehisstomachulcersweretroublinghimoneofhischildrenhadtohaveaseriousoperationandhiswifewasabouttohavetwins. A.ItwasaverygoodschoolandaveryexpensiveoneandmostoftheWades’friendsthoughttheywerebeingratherfancyinsendingLaurathere. B.Nothingwastoogoodforthatchild. C.Besidesyouweren’tdoingagirlafavorwhenyouencouragedhertodeveloptasteshecouldn’taffordtogratify. D.Thebranchsalesofficehehadbeenmanaginghadbeenabsorbedbyalargerfirmanditswholestaffwasoutinthecoldwithoutsomuchasamonth’ssalarytotidethemover. E.Andeventshadcertainlyprovedhertheory. F.TheymadeherthinkoftheballerinadressandofallthepureproudfilmybeautyoftheworldthatbelongedbytighttoLaura. G.Christmashasbeencommercializedoutofitsrealmeaning. 45
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
亲爱的先生 我在今天的西安晚报上看到贵公司招聘电气技术员的广告有兴趣申请到贵公司工作 如蒙惠寄更为详细资料告之空缺职务贵公司拟付薪水及录用条件我将不胜感激可否请同时惠告贵公司对资历的要求 期盼回复 此致 敬礼 西安高等专科学校电气工程系210053 李明 2000年7月19日 2000/7/19 Dearsirs Isaw_____________intoday’sXi’anEveningand________________withyou. Iwouldbegratefulif____________ofthejobsavailabletheratesofCouldyoualsoletmeknow_____________. _____________ Yoursfaithfully LiMing
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41~45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.10pointsLaurawhowasinfirst-yearhighhadgonetothesamepublicschoolthatherbrothersnowattendedbutthisyearshewasapupilatGreenValleyAcademyasmallcountrydayschoolontheoutskirtsofthecity.41.________________________.TheyknewLaurawassmartofcoursebutsomeoftheotherBaltimoreprivateschoolsforgirlswereexcellentandhadlowertuitionsandeventhepublichighschoolswereallright.LotsofnicekidswhosefathershadtwiceasbiganincomeasHenryWadewenttothem.42.________________________.Youeitherspoiledherormadeherbitter.TheseargumentswerecogentEmilyWadeadmittedbuttheysimplydidn’tapplyinLaura’scase.43.________________________.MoreoveritwasEmily’stheorythatchildrenlearnedloveaswellasdisciplinebyfamilyexample;ifyoudidallyoucouldforthemkeepingtheirbestinterestsinmindtheywouldn’tletyoudowninacrisis.44.________________________.HowtruethathadbeenthoughtEmilydrivingslowlybecauseshehadaquarterhourtospareandshemightaswellgiveLauratimetostudy.HermindwentbacktothatblackmomentamonthbeforewhenshehadmetHenryforlunchinarestaurantandhehadtoldherthathewasoutofajob.45.________________________.Hewasprettysurehecouldgetanotherandabetterposition;therewasafirmthathadbeenmakingoverturestohimandonlyasenseofloyaltytohisoldfirmhadmadehimignorethemuptothispoint.Butthemanhe’dhavetoseewasoutoftownandwouldn’tbebackuntilthefirstoftheyear.Thentoohe’djusthadaletterfromhisbrotherinOhio;itseemedthatthewholefamilyouttherewasshottohell.Hisbrotherwhowasaschoolteacherwasbrokehisstomachulcersweretroublinghimoneofhischildrenhadtohaveaseriousoperationandhiswifewasabouttohavetwins. A.ItwasaverygoodschoolandaveryexpensiveoneandmostoftheWades’friendsthoughttheywerebeingratherfancyinsendingLaurathere. B.Nothingwastoogoodforthatchild. C.Besidesyouweren’tdoingagirlafavorwhenyouencouragedhertodeveloptasteshecouldn’taffordtogratify. D.Thebranchsalesofficehehadbeenmanaginghadbeenabsorbedbyalargerfirmanditswholestaffwasoutinthecoldwithoutsomuchasamonth’ssalarytotidethemover. E.Andeventshadcertainlyprovedhertheory. F.TheymadeherthinkoftheballerinadressandofallthepureproudfilmybeautyoftheworldthatbelongedbytighttoLaura. G.Christmashasbeencommercializedoutofitsrealmeaning. 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsPsychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldageoneoftheseistoogreatanabsorptioninthepast.46Oneshouldnotliveinmemoriesinregretsforthegoodolddaysorinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyareandone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgottenanditisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeoffindingstrengthinitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlivesandifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoungyouarelikelytobecomeaburdentothemunlesstheyareunusuallyinsensible.47Idon’tmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthembutone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeandifpossiblephilanthropicbutnottooemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselvesbuthumanbeingsowingtothelengthofinfancyfindthislesseasy.48Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsleading.tosuitableactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitfulandthatthewisdomboreofexperiencecanbeusedwithoutbecomingaburden.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakesbothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyouandbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.49Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsyoumayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren.Inthatcaseyoumustrealizethatwhileyoucanstillhelptheminmaterialwaysasbymakingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpersyoumustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany.Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisjustificationforthisfeeling.50Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodothefearofdeathissome-whatignoble. Idon’tmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthembutone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeandifpossiblephilanthropicbutnottooemotional
Text3ItisbecauseofhisplaysthatShakespeareisnowconsideredthegreatestEnglishwriterinhistory.TheerainwhichhelivedElizabethanEnglandwasatimeinwhichbroadinterestsandcreativitycouldflourish.Elizabeththequeenwasbelovedbyhersubjectsandprovedtobeapowerfulandableruler.UnderthereignofElizabethEnglandchangedfromanislandkingdomtoanexpandingempire.Englandgrewrichthroughtrade.Sixteenth-centuryEnglishmentraveledtotheNewWorldandtoAfrica.Musicdancepoetrypaintingandarchitectureflourished;buttheartforminwhichElizabethanEnglanddistinguishedtherestofEuropewasthetheater.ThetheaterwhichhadpracticallydisappearedfromEuropewasatthistimereceivedasapartofthechurchservice.Laternolongerasapartoftheservicethe"mysteryplays"respondedtopopulartastebyaddingmoreandmorecomicelements.InEnglandtheyweresponsoredbyvarioustradeguildsandpresentedonstagewagonsthatwentfromplacetoplace.Whenthemysteryplaysbegantolosetheirappealtheywerereplacedby"morality"playswhichalwaystaughtamoral.InRenaissanceEnglandwriterswereparticularlyinterestedinclassicaltextssuchasLatinandGreekplays.SchoolsanduniversitiesbegantoproducecomediesandtragediesbyPlatusTerenceandSeneca.Shakespearewaswellacquaintedwithclassicalhumanitiesandclassicaltragediesandcomediesoftenservedasmodelsinhisowndrama.ARenaissancemanShakespeare’sinterestwentbeyondbooklearningtopracticalknowledgeofmilitarystrategyseafaringbusinessaffairsandthenewgeographicaldiscoveriesallevidentinhisplays.Companiesofstrollingplayswhichhadspecializedinmoralityplaysrespondedtothechangebystagingnewplays.ProfessionalactorswhohadbeenviewedbyEnglishsocietyaslittlebetterthanvagrantsorcriminalsgraduallycameundertheprotectionofthenobility.Licensedtheatercompanieswereformed;Shakespearebelongedtooneofthosewhereinadditiontohiswritingheacquiredawideexperienceinactingandtheatermanagement.Thetheatergrewinpopularityandpublictheaterswerebuiltnotinsidethecitylimitsbutjustoutsidealongwithotherplacesofentertainment.TheatersinElizabethanEnglandwerepatronizedbyallsocialclasses.TheGlobeTheaterbuiltin1599wheremanyofShakespeare’splayswereperformedhadaplatformstagejuttingoutintoacentralcourtyard.Theaudiencestayaroundthreesidesofthisplatformthelower-classwhoeachpaidapennyinthepitandthewealthierspectatorsinthegalleriesabove.Theorchestrawasonstageasmusicwasusuallyasignificantpartoftheproduction.Indeedthecostumesscenerysingingplayinganddancingaswellasactingwasessentialtothetotalshow.Therewasnolightinghoweverplayswereperformedintheafternoon.Shakespeareknewhisaudience:histheaterisaddressednotjusttotheeducatedbuttoallclassesofsociety. Accordingtothetextthetheater
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Text2OncefreeofEtruscandominationtheRomansdevelopedaRepublicanformofgovernmentwhichlasteduntilthefirstcenturyBCandprovidedimportantcontinuityforRomaninstitutions.Themotto"S.P.Q.R."--SenatusPopulusgueRomanus"TheRomanSenateandPeople"reflectedthephilosophyoftheearlyRomanpoliticalandsocialorderandremainedthewatchwordofRomansocietyuntilImperialtimes.Itmeantthatsovereigntyrestedinthepeoplethemselvesandnotinanyparticulargovernmentalform.YetinmanywaystheRomanRepublicfunctionedasademocracy.Decisionsaffectingsocietyweremadeataseriesofassemblieswhichallcitizensattendedtoexpresstheirwill.TheSenateontheotherhandconductedthebusinessofgovernmentincludingthepassageoflegislationandthesupervisionofelectedmagistrates.OverthecenturiesthegreatestissuesaffectingRomansocietywereplayedoutasdramascreatedbytensionsbetweenpeopleandSenate.TheSenateitselfwasanhereditaryinstitutioncomprisinganassemblyofheads-patres-ofoldpatricianfamiliesandlaterwealthymembersofthecitizenry-plebs.Thethreehundredmembersthereforerepresentedoldandnewmoneypowerandsocialinterest.Itwasaself-renewingoligarchy.Thetwomostimportantofficerswhoruledthestateweretheconsulselectedbytherepresentativeassembliesforone-yeartermsattheendofwhichtheybecamemembersoftheSenate.InRometherichruledviatheSenate.Thegeneralcitizenrywerelittlemorethanpeasants.BythethirdcenturyBCthedivisionbetweenaristocratandpeasanthadwidenedappreciably-theformergrowinginrichesandthelattersinkingfurtherandfurtherintopoverty.Yettheconstitutionalframe-workoftheRepublicheldthesmallRomansocialordertogetherwardingoffrevolutionpermittingchangeandprovidingthebodypoliticwithreasonablywell-trainedleaderswhoknewhowaboveallelsetokeeptheRepublicfunctioningandalive.ItwasinfacttheinternalstabilityoftheRepublicwhichmadeexpansionpossiblebringingaboutthenextphaseofRomanhistory.Romanexpansionwasbasedonmilitaryconquest.VerylittlecommerceandindustryexistedinRomeunlikeAthensandthequalityoflifeinRomecametodependdirectlyuponthewealthofconqueredregionsbroughtbacktoRomeasspoilsofmilitaryvictory.BythemiddleofthesecondcenturyBCRomehadconqueredCarthageinNorthAfricaandCorinthinAsiaMinorandhadthusassumedapositionofpoliticaldominanceintheHellenisticworld.TheinternationalizationofcultureevidentinHellenictimesincreasedfurtherundertheRomans.LaterRomewouldextenditscontrolthroughoutEuropeandeventuallytotheBritishIsles. WhichofthefollowingholdthemostimportantpositionintheSenate
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrancewaningprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotrytopreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddleclassesbehindbarriersofetiquette.InaprosperouscommunityontheotherhandpolitesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyrichandinEnglandtherehasneverbeenanyshortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthemthemannersappropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements=basicmoralduties;practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency;andartificialoptionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentstosaywomenontheirbeautyorsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationforweakandrespectforage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresenceofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzaniatheyoungmenbowastheypassthehutsoftheelders.InEnglanduntilaboutacenturyagoyoungchildrendidnotsitintheirparents’presencewithoutaskingpermission.Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesofsociallifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesofotherfunctionssothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinventionoftheforketiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptascleanaspossiblebeforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuseetiquettesuggestedthatafterspittingapersonshouldrubthespitinconspicuouslyunderfoot.Extremelyrefinedbehaviorhowevercultivatedasanartofgraciouslivinghasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealthandleisurewhichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.AfterthefallofRomethefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivateliftinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewastwelfth-centuryProvenceinFrance.Provencehadbecomewealthy.Theloadshadreturnedtotheircastlesfromthecrusadesandtheretheidealsofchivalrygrewupwhichemphasizedthevirtueandgentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknightshouldprofessapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehisvaliantdeedsthoughhewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswastheintroductionoftheconceptofromanticlovewhichwastoinfluenceliteratureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesoninadebasedforminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday. Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements.
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41~45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.10pointsLaurawhowasinfirst-yearhighhadgonetothesamepublicschoolthatherbrothersnowattendedbutthisyearshewasapupilatGreenValleyAcademyasmallcountrydayschoolontheoutskirtsofthecity.41.________________________.TheyknewLaurawassmartofcoursebutsomeoftheotherBaltimoreprivateschoolsforgirlswereexcellentandhadlowertuitionsandeventhepublichighschoolswereallright.LotsofnicekidswhosefathershadtwiceasbiganincomeasHenryWadewenttothem.42.________________________.Youeitherspoiledherormadeherbitter.TheseargumentswerecogentEmilyWadeadmittedbuttheysimplydidn’tapplyinLaura’scase.43.________________________.MoreoveritwasEmily’stheorythatchildrenlearnedloveaswellasdisciplinebyfamilyexample;ifyoudidallyoucouldforthemkeepingtheirbestinterestsinmindtheywouldn’tletyoudowninacrisis.44.________________________.HowtruethathadbeenthoughtEmilydrivingslowlybecauseshehadaquarterhourtospareandshemightaswellgiveLauratimetostudy.HermindwentbacktothatblackmomentamonthbeforewhenshehadmetHenryforlunchinarestaurantandhehadtoldherthathewasoutofajob.45.________________________.Hewasprettysurehecouldgetanotherandabetterposition;therewasafirmthathadbeenmakingoverturestohimandonlyasenseofloyaltytohisoldfirmhadmadehimignorethemuptothispoint.Butthemanhe’dhavetoseewasoutoftownandwouldn’tbebackuntilthefirstoftheyear.Thentoohe’djusthadaletterfromhisbrotherinOhio;itseemedthatthewholefamilyouttherewasshottohell.Hisbrotherwhowasaschoolteacherwasbrokehisstomachulcersweretroublinghimoneofhischildrenhadtohaveaseriousoperationandhiswifewasabouttohavetwins. A.ItwasaverygoodschoolandaveryexpensiveoneandmostoftheWades’friendsthoughttheywerebeingratherfancyinsendingLaurathere. B.Nothingwastoogoodforthatchild. C.Besidesyouweren’tdoingagirlafavorwhenyouencouragedhertodeveloptasteshecouldn’taffordtogratify. D.Thebranchsalesofficehehadbeenmanaginghadbeenabsorbedbyalargerfirmanditswholestaffwasoutinthecoldwithoutsomuchasamonth’ssalarytotidethemover. E.Andeventshadcertainlyprovedhertheory. F.TheymadeherthinkoftheballerinadressandofallthepureproudfilmybeautyoftheworldthatbelongedbytighttoLaura. G.Christmashasbeencommercializedoutofitsrealmeaning. 41
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrancewaningprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotrytopreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddleclassesbehindbarriersofetiquette.InaprosperouscommunityontheotherhandpolitesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyrichandinEnglandtherehasneverbeenanyshortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthemthemannersappropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements=basicmoralduties;practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency;andartificialoptionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentstosaywomenontheirbeautyorsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationforweakandrespectforage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresenceofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzaniatheyoungmenbowastheypassthehutsoftheelders.InEnglanduntilaboutacenturyagoyoungchildrendidnotsitintheirparents’presencewithoutaskingpermission.Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesofsociallifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesofotherfunctionssothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinventionoftheforketiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptascleanaspossiblebeforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuseetiquettesuggestedthatafterspittingapersonshouldrubthespitinconspicuouslyunderfoot.Extremelyrefinedbehaviorhowevercultivatedasanartofgraciouslivinghasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealthandleisurewhichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.AfterthefallofRomethefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivateliftinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewastwelfth-centuryProvenceinFrance.Provencehadbecomewealthy.Theloadshadreturnedtotheircastlesfromthecrusadesandtheretheidealsofchivalrygrewupwhichemphasizedthevirtueandgentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknightshouldprofessapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehisvaliantdeedsthoughhewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswastheintroductionoftheconceptofromanticlovewhichwastoinfluenceliteratureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesoninadebasedforminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday. Thecustomofyoungmenbowingtoshowrespectwhenpassingthedwellingsoftheirelderswascitedasacharacteristicof
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsPsychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldageoneoftheseistoogreatanabsorptioninthepast.46Oneshouldnotliveinmemoriesinregretsforthegoodolddaysorinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyareandone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgottenanditisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeoffindingstrengthinitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlivesandifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoungyouarelikelytobecomeaburdentothemunlesstheyareunusuallyinsensible.47Idon’tmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthembutone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeandifpossiblephilanthropicbutnottooemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselvesbuthumanbeingsowingtothelengthofinfancyfindthislesseasy.48Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsleading.tosuitableactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitfulandthatthewisdomboreofexperiencecanbeusedwithoutbecomingaburden.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakesbothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyouandbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.49Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsyoumayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren.Inthatcaseyoumustrealizethatwhileyoucanstillhelptheminmaterialwaysasbymakingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpersyoumustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany.Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisjustificationforthisfeeling.50Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodothefearofdeathissome-whatignoble. Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsyoumayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren
Text2OncefreeofEtruscandominationtheRomansdevelopedaRepublicanformofgovernmentwhichlasteduntilthefirstcenturyBCandprovidedimportantcontinuityforRomaninstitutions.Themotto"S.P.Q.R."--SenatusPopulusgueRomanus"TheRomanSenateandPeople"reflectedthephilosophyoftheearlyRomanpoliticalandsocialorderandremainedthewatchwordofRomansocietyuntilImperialtimes.Itmeantthatsovereigntyrestedinthepeoplethemselvesandnotinanyparticulargovernmentalform.YetinmanywaystheRomanRepublicfunctionedasademocracy.Decisionsaffectingsocietyweremadeataseriesofassemblieswhichallcitizensattendedtoexpresstheirwill.TheSenateontheotherhandconductedthebusinessofgovernmentincludingthepassageoflegislationandthesupervisionofelectedmagistrates.OverthecenturiesthegreatestissuesaffectingRomansocietywereplayedoutasdramascreatedbytensionsbetweenpeopleandSenate.TheSenateitselfwasanhereditaryinstitutioncomprisinganassemblyofheads-patres-ofoldpatricianfamiliesandlaterwealthymembersofthecitizenry-plebs.Thethreehundredmembersthereforerepresentedoldandnewmoneypowerandsocialinterest.Itwasaself-renewingoligarchy.Thetwomostimportantofficerswhoruledthestateweretheconsulselectedbytherepresentativeassembliesforone-yeartermsattheendofwhichtheybecamemembersoftheSenate.InRometherichruledviatheSenate.Thegeneralcitizenrywerelittlemorethanpeasants.BythethirdcenturyBCthedivisionbetweenaristocratandpeasanthadwidenedappreciably-theformergrowinginrichesandthelattersinkingfurtherandfurtherintopoverty.Yettheconstitutionalframe-workoftheRepublicheldthesmallRomansocialordertogetherwardingoffrevolutionpermittingchangeandprovidingthebodypoliticwithreasonablywell-trainedleaderswhoknewhowaboveallelsetokeeptheRepublicfunctioningandalive.ItwasinfacttheinternalstabilityoftheRepublicwhichmadeexpansionpossiblebringingaboutthenextphaseofRomanhistory.Romanexpansionwasbasedonmilitaryconquest.VerylittlecommerceandindustryexistedinRomeunlikeAthensandthequalityoflifeinRomecametodependdirectlyuponthewealthofconqueredregionsbroughtbacktoRomeasspoilsofmilitaryvictory.BythemiddleofthesecondcenturyBCRomehadconqueredCarthageinNorthAfricaandCorinthinAsiaMinorandhadthusassumedapositionofpoliticaldominanceintheHellenisticworld.TheinternationalizationofcultureevidentinHellenictimesincreasedfurtherundertheRomans.LaterRomewouldextenditscontrolthroughoutEuropeandeventuallytotheBritishIsles. InthelastparagraphRomanexpansionwasdescribedvividlywhatisthebaseoftheexpasion
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Text2OncefreeofEtruscandominationtheRomansdevelopedaRepublicanformofgovernmentwhichlasteduntilthefirstcenturyBCandprovidedimportantcontinuityforRomaninstitutions.Themotto"S.P.Q.R."--SenatusPopulusgueRomanus"TheRomanSenateandPeople"reflectedthephilosophyoftheearlyRomanpoliticalandsocialorderandremainedthewatchwordofRomansocietyuntilImperialtimes.Itmeantthatsovereigntyrestedinthepeoplethemselvesandnotinanyparticulargovernmentalform.YetinmanywaystheRomanRepublicfunctionedasademocracy.Decisionsaffectingsocietyweremadeataseriesofassemblieswhichallcitizensattendedtoexpresstheirwill.TheSenateontheotherhandconductedthebusinessofgovernmentincludingthepassageoflegislationandthesupervisionofelectedmagistrates.OverthecenturiesthegreatestissuesaffectingRomansocietywereplayedoutasdramascreatedbytensionsbetweenpeopleandSenate.TheSenateitselfwasanhereditaryinstitutioncomprisinganassemblyofheads-patres-ofoldpatricianfamiliesandlaterwealthymembersofthecitizenry-plebs.Thethreehundredmembersthereforerepresentedoldandnewmoneypowerandsocialinterest.Itwasaself-renewingoligarchy.Thetwomostimportantofficerswhoruledthestateweretheconsulselectedbytherepresentativeassembliesforone-yeartermsattheendofwhichtheybecamemembersoftheSenate.InRometherichruledviatheSenate.Thegeneralcitizenrywerelittlemorethanpeasants.BythethirdcenturyBCthedivisionbetweenaristocratandpeasanthadwidenedappreciably-theformergrowinginrichesandthelattersinkingfurtherandfurtherintopoverty.Yettheconstitutionalframe-workoftheRepublicheldthesmallRomansocialordertogetherwardingoffrevolutionpermittingchangeandprovidingthebodypoliticwithreasonablywell-trainedleaderswhoknewhowaboveallelsetokeeptheRepublicfunctioningandalive.ItwasinfacttheinternalstabilityoftheRepublicwhichmadeexpansionpossiblebringingaboutthenextphaseofRomanhistory.Romanexpansionwasbasedonmilitaryconquest.VerylittlecommerceandindustryexistedinRomeunlikeAthensandthequalityoflifeinRomecametodependdirectlyuponthewealthofconqueredregionsbroughtbacktoRomeasspoilsofmilitaryvictory.BythemiddleofthesecondcenturyBCRomehadconqueredCarthageinNorthAfricaandCorinthinAsiaMinorandhadthusassumedapositionofpoliticaldominanceintheHellenisticworld.TheinternationalizationofcultureevidentinHellenictimesincreasedfurtherundertheRomans.LaterRomewouldextenditscontrolthroughoutEuropeandeventuallytotheBritishIsles. WhatkindofsocialformimmediatelyfollowedtheRomanRepublicAge
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