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亲爱的先生： 我在今天的《西安晚报》上看到贵公司招聘电气技术员的广告，有兴趣申请到贵公司工作。 如蒙惠寄更为详细资料、告之空缺职务、贵公司拟付薪水及录用条件，我将不胜感激。可否请同时惠告贵公司对资历...
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亲爱的先生我在今天的西安晚报上看到贵公司招聘电气技术员的广告有兴趣申请到贵公司工作如蒙惠寄更为详细资
我是你额上熏黑的矿灯_____________舒婷祖国啊我亲爱的祖国
哪个荧屏上的英雄曾说过这句话我亲爱的女孩有些事情你一定不能做比如在38华氏温度以上喝53年的DomP
我是你河边上破旧的老水车舒婷祖国啊我亲爱的祖国
为了拍乱世佳人当导演要求没有生育过的德哈维兰去医院见习一下分娩过程费雯·丽对她是怎么说的
亲爱的，不用去了，我有经验，我可以告诉你的
亲爱的，那个场面会让你震惊的
别去，看了会使你对这场戏厌恶的
唷，我对之毫无兴趣，我觉得这件事是耻辱的
27.下面是一封求职信的正文语言上由不得体之处请按要求修改3分从报纸上拜读了贵公司招聘人才的广告惠顾
下面是一封求职信的正文语言上有不得体之处请按要求修改4分我是北方大学机械制造专业的莘莘学子成绩优秀身
下面是一封求职信的正文在表达上有四处不妥当请指出并修改我是北方大学机械制造专业的莘莘学子成绩优秀身体
随想录的作者是文化苦旅的作者是回答的作者是祖国啊我亲爱的祖国的作者是
那就从我的血肉之躯上/去取得/你的荣光;/——祖国呵我亲爱的祖国！舒婷舒婷的诗
我是你祖祖辈辈痛苦的希望啊_____________________________________
下列语句表述得体的一项是
亲爱的先生，认识您十分荣幸，我们公司随时欢迎您大驾光临!
先生的大作《金秋不再遥远》已付梓，本期将就正于读者。
本月28日下午5时，我到府上有事相商，望届时恭候。
贵地风景美，民风淳朴，明年秋天，我们将再次莅临。
我是你河边上破旧的老水车舒婷祖国啊我亲爱的祖国
我是你额上熏黑的矿灯舒婷祖国啊我亲爱的祖国
刚从神话的蛛网里挣脱舒婷祖国啊我亲爱的祖国
22.下面是一封求职信的正文语言上有不得体之处请按要求修改我是北方大学机械制造专业的莘莘学子成绩优秀
随想录的作者是我与地坛的作者是回答的作者是祖国啊我亲爱的祖国的作者是
你的富饶——祖国啊我亲爱的祖国！
下面是一封求职信的正文语言上有不得体之处请按要求修改4分我是北方大学机械制造专业的莘莘学子成绩优秀身
那就从我的血肉之躯上／去取得／／——祖国啊我亲爱的祖国!舒婷
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SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes..emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople."Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem.Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudieswithspecialreferencetoracescreedsandnationalitiessciencemattersofhealthandsafetytheveryatmosphereoftheclassroom..theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.Howeverwhenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudesitisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.Toillustratefirst-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesamewayaclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussionresearchoutsidereadingandall-daytrips.Finallyateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudesbecauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.Notes:pointup=emphasize强调突出.touchupon触及到creed信条教义.inculcation谆谆教诲cajoling哄骗 Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovetextisthat
In1999thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008ithad1the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread3inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld5someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities6majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworld’spopulation—7risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithanygovernment10howunpleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption11thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments12someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits14costsfromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStatesasalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Text2Thetopicofcloninghasbeenapoliticallyandethicallycontroversialonesinceitsverybeginning.Whilethemoralandphilosophicalaspectsoftheissuesareentirelyuptotheinterpretationoftheindividualtheapplicationofcloningtechnologycanbestudiedobjectively.Manyinthescientificcommunityadvocatetheuseofcloningforthepreservationandsupportofendangeredspeciesofanimalswhichasidefromcloninghavenootherpracticalhopeforavoidingextinction.Thegoaloftheuseofcloningtoavoidextinctionisthereintroductionofnewgenesintothegenepoolofspecieswithfewsurvivorsthisensuringthemaintenanceandexpansionofgeneticdiversity.LikelycandidatesforthistechniquearespeciesknowntohaveveryfewsurvivingmemberssuchastheAfricanBongoAntelopetheSumatranTigerandtheChineseGiantPanda.InthecaseofGiantPandasomeartificialtechniquesforcreatingoffspringhavealreadybeenperformedperhapspavingthewayforcloningasthenextstepintheprocess.Withtheestimatedpopulationofonlyabout1000GiantPandasleftintheworldtheurgencyofthesituationhasledtodesperatemeasures.OnepandawasbornthroughthetechniqueofartificialinseminationintheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates."HuaMei"wasbornin1999afterherparentsHsing-HsingandLing-Linghadtroubleconceivingnaturally.TheplantoincreasetheGiantPandapopulationthroughtheuseofcloninginvolvestheuseofaspeciesrelatedtotheGiantPandatheAmericanBlackBear.EggcellswillberemovedfromfemaleblackbearsandthenfertilizedwithPandacellssuchasthosefromLing-LingorHsing-Hsing.Thefertilizedembryowillthenre-implantedintotheblackbearwhereitwillgrowandmatureuntilanewpandaisdeliveredfromtheblackbearhost.Criticsofcloningtechnologyarguethattheemphasisoncloningasamethodbywhichtopreservespecieswilldrawfundingawayfromothermethodssuchashabitatpreservationandconservation.Proponentsofcloningcounterthatmanycountriesinwhichmanyendangeredspeciesexistaretoopoortoprotectandmaintainthespecies’habitatsanywaymakingcloningtechnologytheonlypracticalwaytoensurethatthosespeciessurvivetofuturegenerations.Theissueisstillhotlydebatedasbothsidesweighthebenefitsthatcouldbeachievedagainsttherisksandethicalconcernsthatconstantlyaccompanyanyargumentontheissue.Notes:ethically道德上genepool基因库inseminationn.受精fertilize使受精embryo胚胎proponent支持者拥护者weighAagainstB权衡A和B的利弊 Paragraph4iswritteninorderto
Directions: Yourcompanyintendstopurchasesomecarparts.Nowithasreceivedafaxoffer传真报价.Writealettertothesalesdepartmentofacarpartscompanytoexpressyour: 1thanksforthefaxoffer 2willingnesstoacceptallthetermsexceptpriceand 3requestofreductioninprice. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownname attheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
Text4Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoalsassessingtheproblemformulatingoptionsestimatinglikelihoodofsuccessmakingadecisionandonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Ratherintheirday-by-daytacticalactivitiestheseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguityinconsistencynoveltyandsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneralhoweversuchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseofcapriciousness.Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Ratherseniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.Firsttheyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Secondmanagersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrationalbutisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandpersonalexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpictureofteninan"Aha!"experience.Fourthsomemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtoolsandthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallysuspiciousofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finallymanagerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytofindoutaplausiblesolution.Usedinthiswayintuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat"thinking"isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften"know"whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainittheyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinvariablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcyclesinwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenactingbutbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyfaceseniormanagersofteninitiateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblemnotjustofimplementingthesolution.Notes:capriciousness多变反复无常cognitive认识的runcounterto与......背道而驰违反bypass绕过incloseconcert一齐一致givenprep.考虑到由于 AccordingtothetextseniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes..emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople."Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem.Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudieswithspecialreferencetoracescreedsandnationalitiessciencemattersofhealthandsafetytheveryatmosphereoftheclassroom..theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.Howeverwhenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudesitisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.Toillustratefirst-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesamewayaclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussionresearchoutsidereadingandall-daytrips.Finallyateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudesbecauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.Notes:pointup=emphasize强调突出.touchupon触及到creed信条教义.inculcation谆谆教诲cajoling哄骗 Thetextspeciallystatesthat
Text2Thetopicofcloninghasbeenapoliticallyandethicallycontroversialonesinceitsverybeginning.Whilethemoralandphilosophicalaspectsoftheissuesareentirelyuptotheinterpretationoftheindividualtheapplicationofcloningtechnologycanbestudiedobjectively.Manyinthescientificcommunityadvocatetheuseofcloningforthepreservationandsupportofendangeredspeciesofanimalswhichasidefromcloninghavenootherpracticalhopeforavoidingextinction.Thegoaloftheuseofcloningtoavoidextinctionisthereintroductionofnewgenesintothegenepoolofspecieswithfewsurvivorsthisensuringthemaintenanceandexpansionofgeneticdiversity.LikelycandidatesforthistechniquearespeciesknowntohaveveryfewsurvivingmemberssuchastheAfricanBongoAntelopetheSumatranTigerandtheChineseGiantPanda.InthecaseofGiantPandasomeartificialtechniquesforcreatingoffspringhavealreadybeenperformedperhapspavingthewayforcloningasthenextstepintheprocess.Withtheestimatedpopulationofonlyabout1000GiantPandasleftintheworldtheurgencyofthesituationhasledtodesperatemeasures.OnepandawasbornthroughthetechniqueofartificialinseminationintheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates."HuaMei"wasbornin1999afterherparentsHsing-HsingandLing-Linghadtroubleconceivingnaturally.TheplantoincreasetheGiantPandapopulationthroughtheuseofcloninginvolvestheuseofaspeciesrelatedtotheGiantPandatheAmericanBlackBear.EggcellswillberemovedfromfemaleblackbearsandthenfertilizedwithPandacellssuchasthosefromLing-LingorHsing-Hsing.Thefertilizedembryowillthenre-implantedintotheblackbearwhereitwillgrowandmatureuntilanewpandaisdeliveredfromtheblackbearhost.Criticsofcloningtechnologyarguethattheemphasisoncloningasamethodbywhichtopreservespecieswilldrawfundingawayfromothermethodssuchashabitatpreservationandconservation.Proponentsofcloningcounterthatmanycountriesinwhichmanyendangeredspeciesexistaretoopoortoprotectandmaintainthespecies’habitatsanywaymakingcloningtechnologytheonlypracticalwaytoensurethatthosespeciessurvivetofuturegenerations.Theissueisstillhotlydebatedasbothsidesweighthebenefitsthatcouldbeachievedagainsttherisksandethicalconcernsthatconstantlyaccompanyanyargumentontheissue.Notes:ethically道德上genepool基因库inseminationn.受精fertilize使受精embryo胚胎proponent支持者拥护者weighAagainstB权衡A和B的利弊 Theauthorraisestheissueofethicalconsiderationincloninginparagraph1inorderto
Text3Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everynormalpersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguagebutfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Nowtherearemanyreasonsforthissomeobvioussomeperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguagesverymuchbetterthantheydoisthattheyfailtograspthetruenatureoftheproblemoflearningtopronounceandconsequentlyneversetabouttacklingitintherightway.Fartoomanypeoplefailtorealizethatpronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskillonethatneedscarefultrainingofaspecialkindandonethatcannotbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself.Ithinkeventeachersoflanguagewhilerecognizingtheimportanceofagoodaccenttendtoneglectintheirpracticalteachingthebranchofstudyconcernedwithspeakingthelanguage.SothefirstpointIwanttomakeisthatEnglishpronunciationmustbetaught;theteachershouldbepreparedtodevotesomeofthelessontimetothisandbyhiswholeattitudetothesubjectshouldgetthestudenttofeelthathereisamatterworthyofreceivinghiscloseattention.SothereshouldbeoccasionswhenotheraspectsofEnglishsuchasgrammarorspellingareallowedforthemomenttotakesecondplace.Apartfromthisquestionofthetimegiventopronunciationtherearetwootherrequirementsfortheteacher:thefirstknowledge;thesecondtechnique.Itisimportantthattheteachershouldbeinpossessionofthenecessaryinformation.Thiscangenerallybeobtainedfrombooks.Itispossibletogetfrombookssomeideaofthemechanicsofspeechandofwhatwecallgeneralphonetictheory.ItisalsopossibleinthiswaytogetaclearmentalpictureoftherelationshipbetweenthesoundsofdifferentlanguagesbetweenthespeechhabitsofEnglishpeopleandthosesayofyourstudents.Unlesstheteacherhassuchapictureanycommentshemaymakeonhisstudents’pronunciationareunlikelytobeofmuchuseandlessontimespentonpronunciationmaywellbetime-wasted.Butitdoesnotfollowthatyoucanteachpronunciationsuccessfullyassoonasyouhavereadthenecessarybooks.Itdependsafterthatonwhatuseyoumakeofyourknowledgeandthisisamatteroftechnique.Nowthefirstandmostimportantpartofalanguageteacher’stechniqueishisownperformancehisabilitytodemonstratethespokenlanguageineverydetailofarticulationaswellasinfluentspeakingsothatthestudent’slatentcapacityforimitationisgiventhefullestscopeandencouragement.Theteacherthenshouldbeasperfectamodelinthisrespectashecanmakehimself.Andtosupplementhisownperformancehoweversatisfactorythismaybethemodernteacherhasathisdisposalrecordingsradiotelevisionandvideotosupplytheauthenticvoicesofnativespeakersoriftheteacherhappenstobeanativespeakerhimselforspeaksjustlikeonethentovarythemethodofpresentingthelanguagematerial.Notes:setabout着手试图articulation发音latent潜在的不明显的atone’sdisposal供某人任意支配使用authentic真实的真正的 Thewriterarguesthatgoingabouttheproblemofpronunciationinthewrongwayis
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Text3Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everynormalpersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguagebutfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Nowtherearemanyreasonsforthissomeobvioussomeperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguagesverymuchbetterthantheydoisthattheyfailtograspthetruenatureoftheproblemoflearningtopronounceandconsequentlyneversetabouttacklingitintherightway.Fartoomanypeoplefailtorealizethatpronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskillonethatneedscarefultrainingofaspecialkindandonethatcannotbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself.Ithinkeventeachersoflanguagewhilerecognizingtheimportanceofagoodaccenttendtoneglectintheirpracticalteachingthebranchofstudyconcernedwithspeakingthelanguage.SothefirstpointIwanttomakeisthatEnglishpronunciationmustbetaught;theteachershouldbepreparedtodevotesomeofthelessontimetothisandbyhiswholeattitudetothesubjectshouldgetthestudenttofeelthathereisamatterworthyofreceivinghiscloseattention.SothereshouldbeoccasionswhenotheraspectsofEnglishsuchasgrammarorspellingareallowedforthemomenttotakesecondplace.Apartfromthisquestionofthetimegiventopronunciationtherearetwootherrequirementsfortheteacher:thefirstknowledge;thesecondtechnique.Itisimportantthattheteachershouldbeinpossessionofthenecessaryinformation.Thiscangenerallybeobtainedfrombooks.Itispossibletogetfrombookssomeideaofthemechanicsofspeechandofwhatwecallgeneralphonetictheory.ItisalsopossibleinthiswaytogetaclearmentalpictureoftherelationshipbetweenthesoundsofdifferentlanguagesbetweenthespeechhabitsofEnglishpeopleandthosesayofyourstudents.Unlesstheteacherhassuchapictureanycommentshemaymakeonhisstudents’pronunciationareunlikelytobeofmuchuseandlessontimespentonpronunciationmaywellbetime-wasted.Butitdoesnotfollowthatyoucanteachpronunciationsuccessfullyassoonasyouhavereadthenecessarybooks.Itdependsafterthatonwhatuseyoumakeofyourknowledgeandthisisamatteroftechnique.Nowthefirstandmostimportantpartofalanguageteacher’stechniqueishisownperformancehisabilitytodemonstratethespokenlanguageineverydetailofarticulationaswellasinfluentspeakingsothatthestudent’slatentcapacityforimitationisgiventhefullestscopeandencouragement.Theteacherthenshouldbeasperfectamodelinthisrespectashecanmakehimself.Andtosupplementhisownperformancehoweversatisfactorythismaybethemodernteacherhasathisdisposalrecordingsradiotelevisionandvideotosupplytheauthenticvoicesofnativespeakersoriftheteacherhappenstobeanativespeakerhimselforspeaksjustlikeonethentovarythemethodofpresentingthelanguagematerial.Notes:setabout着手试图articulation发音latent潜在的不明显的atone’sdisposal供某人任意支配使用authentic真实的真正的 Whatdoesthewriteractuallysayaboutpronouncingforeignlanguages
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes..emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople."Theburntchildfearsthefire"isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem.Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudieswithspecialreferencetoracescreedsandnationalitiessciencemattersofhealthandsafetytheveryatmosphereoftheclassroom..theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.Howeverwhenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudesitisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.Toillustratefirst-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesamewayaclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussionresearchoutsidereadingandall-daytrips.Finallyateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudesbecauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.Notes:pointup=emphasize强调突出.touchupon触及到creed信条教义.inculcation谆谆教诲cajoling哄骗 Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutstressfollowedbyalistofarguments.ChoosethebestargumentfromthelistA—Gforeachnumberedsubheading41—45.Therearetwoextraargumentswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.41.Twotypesofstress:Therearebasicallytwotypesofstressplacedonhumanbeings--physicalandmental.42.Effectsofstress—physicaloremotional:Whetherphysical’oremotionalinoriginstresscausesthebodytoreactinthesameway.43.Guilty—usefulthoughmostharmful:Probablythemostharmfulofallthestressesisguilt.44.Instances—noneedtofeelguilty:Howevermanyofusaschildrenlearnedrulesthatwenolongerneed.Nooneisperfect:Guiltandtheworrythatoftenaccompaniesthismajorstressaredifficulttoeradicatebutpeoplesubjecttoexcessiveguiltfeelingsshouldrealizeassimpleasitsoundsthatnooneisperfect.Peoplecannotalwaysbecheerfulandhelpfultoeveryonetheymeet.Anothergoodlessonisthatmistakesshouldbeforgottennotlingeredoverandbroughtouttoexamineperiodically.45.Lifewithalittlestress—significant:Alifewithoutstresssuchasretirementwithnothingtodowouldbeboring.Notes:respiration呼吸pupil瞳孔dilate膨胀perspiration出汗勤奋date约会sour使别扭eradicatevt.消除根除atbest充其量.lingerover细细品味meditation深思沉思mightaswell不妨. [A]FatadultsshouldnolongerfeelguiltyaboutleavingalittlefoodontheplateasuccessfulbusinessmanneednotfeelguiltyaboutspendingalittletoomuchmoneyonavacationnorshouldhefeelguiltythathecancombineabusinesstriptotheWestCoastwithsomeswimmingandgolfatanoceanresort.Butmanypeopledofeelguiltyoversuchapparentlyinnocentactions.Excessiveguiltcansouralloflifeandmakelifenotworthliving;itcanalsocauseself-hatredaswellasotherfearsandanxietiesthatcausealllife’ssuccessestobebittersweetatbest. [B]Stressfromphysicalactivityifnotcarriedtoofarisactuallybeneficial.Exerciserelaxesyouandmayhelpforgetaboutmentalandemotionalstress.Butmentalstressisalmostalwaysbadforyou.Ifmentalstressisunrelieveditcanactuallycausediseasessuchasulcersmigraineheadachesheartproblemsormentalillness. [C]Justasweneedalittleguilt—tokeepuscorrectandalittleworry—tomakeusplanahead—weneedalittlestresstostayinterestedinlife.Butwhenstressbeginstobotheryouyoumightaswellchangeyourroutine.Takeyourmindoffyourworrieswithsomephysicalactivity;youmaydiscoverasolutionyouhaveoverlookedbefore. [D]Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infactitisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth. [E]Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilitiesothersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties. [F]Inthefirststageyourbodypreparestomeetthestress.Theheartbeatandrespirationratesincreaseandthepupilsoftheeyesdilate;thebloodsugarlevelincreasesandtherateofperspirationspeedsupwhiledigestionslowsdownasbloodandmuscularactivityisdivertedelsewhere.Inthesecondstageyourbodyreturnstonormalandrepairsanydamagecausedbythestressfulsituation.Howeverifstresscontinuesthebodycannotrepairitselfandthefinalstageexhaustionthenbegins.Ifthisstagecontinuesifforexampleyouarefrustratedbyyourworkandcontinuetobefrustratedforalongtimephysicaloremotionaldamagewilloccur.Thesestagesofstressreactionarealwaysthesamewhetherthestressiscausedbyacross-countryrunafirstdatebuyingahouseornarrowlymissinganautomobileaccident. [G]Thiscommonemotionisusefultohavewhenithelpsustorealizethatwehaveinfactcommittedsomeerrorviolatedourownrulesorsocialrules.Ifwedidnotfeelguiltywewouldneverdoanythingexceptthethingsthatbroughtusimmediatepleasure—we’dneverobeythelawworkexerciseorevenstudyinschoolunlesswewantedtodosointhefirstplace.Asaperson’sconsciencedevelopsguiltfeelingsbecomeinevitable;guiltisthesorrowweexperiencewhenweknowwehavedonesomethingincorrect. 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
PartCDirectionsReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Ascivilizationproceedsinthedirectionoftechnologyitpassesthepointofsupplyingallthebasicessentialsoflife—foodshelterclothesandwarmth.46Thenweeitherraiseourstandardoflivingabovethenecessaryforcomfortandhappinessorleaveitatthislevelandworkshorterhours.Mankindhasprobablychosenthelatteralternative.Menwillbeworkingshorterandshorterhoursintheirpaidemployment.Andthegreatmajorityofthehousewiveswillwishtoberelievedcompletelyoftheroutineoperationsofthehomesuchaswashingtheclothesorwashingup.47Byfarthemostlogicalsteptorelievethehousewifeofroutineistoprovidearobotslavewhichcanbetrainedtomeettherequirementsofaparticularhomeandcanbeprogrammedtocarryouthalfadozenormorestandardoperationswhensoswitchedbythehousewife.48Itwillbeamachinehavingnomoreemotionsthanacarbuthavingamemoryforinstructionsandalimiteddegreeofinstructedorbuilt-inadaptabilityaccordingtothepositionsinwhichitfindsvarioustypesofobjects.Itwilloperateothermorespecializedmachinesforexamplethevacuumcleanerorclothes-washingmachine.Therearenoproblemsintheproductionofsuchadomesticrobottowhichwedonothavealreadytheglimmeringofasolution.WhenIhavediscussedthiskindofdevicewithhousewivessome90percentofthemhavetheimmediatereaction"HowsooncanIbuyone"Theother10percenthavethereaction"Iwouldbeterrifiedtohaveitmovingaboutmyhouse."49Butwhenoneexplainstothemthatitcouldbeswitchedofforunpluggedorstoppedwithouttheslightestdifficultyormadetogoandputitselfawayinacupboardatanytimetheyquicklyrealizethatitisahighlydesirableobject.50Nowitisgenerallyrecognizedthatthereisnogreaterpleasurethantogotobedintheeveningandknowthatthewashingupisbeingdonedownstairsafteroneisasleep.Mostfamiliesarenowdelightednodoubttohavearobotslavedoingallthedownstairshouseworkaftertheywereinbedatnight.Notes:glimmering迹象 Butwhenoneexplainstothemthatitcouldbeswitchedofforunpluggedorstoppedwithouttheslightestdifficultyormadetogoandputitselfawayinacupboardatanytimetheyquicklyrealizethatitisahighlydesirableobject
PartCDirectionsReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Ascivilizationproceedsinthedirectionoftechnologyitpassesthepointofsupplyingallthebasicessentialsoflife—foodshelterclothesandwarmth.46Thenweeitherraiseourstandardoflivingabovethenecessaryforcomfortandhappinessorleaveitatthislevelandworkshorterhours.Mankindhasprobablychosenthelatteralternative.Menwillbeworkingshorterandshorterhoursintheirpaidemployment.Andthegreatmajorityofthehousewiveswillwishtoberelievedcompletelyoftheroutineoperationsofthehomesuchaswashingtheclothesorwashingup.47Byfarthemostlogicalsteptorelievethehousewifeofroutineistoprovidearobotslavewhichcanbetrainedtomeettherequirementsofaparticularhomeandcanbeprogrammedtocarryouthalfadozenormorestandardoperationswhensoswitchedbythehousewife.48Itwillbeamachinehavingnomoreemotionsthanacarbuthavingamemoryforinstructionsandalimiteddegreeofinstructedorbuilt-inadaptabilityaccordingtothepositionsinwhichitfindsvarioustypesofobjects.Itwilloperateothermorespecializedmachinesforexamplethevacuumcleanerorclothes-washingmachine.Therearenoproblemsintheproductionofsuchadomesticrobottowhichwedonothavealreadytheglimmeringofasolution.WhenIhavediscussedthiskindofdevicewithhousewivessome90percentofthemhavetheimmediatereaction"HowsooncanIbuyone"Theother10percenthavethereaction"Iwouldbeterrifiedtohaveitmovingaboutmyhouse."49Butwhenoneexplainstothemthatitcouldbeswitchedofforunpluggedorstoppedwithouttheslightestdifficultyormadetogoandputitselfawayinacupboardatanytimetheyquicklyrealizethatitisahighlydesirableobject.50Nowitisgenerallyrecognizedthatthereisnogreaterpleasurethantogotobedintheeveningandknowthatthewashingupisbeingdonedownstairsafteroneisasleep.Mostfamiliesarenowdelightednodoubttohavearobotslavedoingallthedownstairshouseworkaftertheywereinbedatnight.Notes:glimmering迹象 Byfarthemostlogicalsteptorelievethehousewifeofroutineistoprovidearobotslavewhichcanbetrainedtomeettherequirementsofaparticularhomeandcanbeprogrammedtocarryouthalfadozenormorestandardoperationswhensoswitchedbythehousewife
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Text3Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everynormalpersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguagebutfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Nowtherearemanyreasonsforthissomeobvioussomeperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguagesverymuchbetterthantheydoisthattheyfailtograspthetruenatureoftheproblemoflearningtopronounceandconsequentlyneversetabouttacklingitintherightway.Fartoomanypeoplefailtorealizethatpronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskillonethatneedscarefultrainingofaspecialkindandonethatcannotbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself.Ithinkeventeachersoflanguagewhilerecognizingtheimportanceofagoodaccenttendtoneglectintheirpracticalteachingthebranchofstudyconcernedwithspeakingthelanguage.SothefirstpointIwanttomakeisthatEnglishpronunciationmustbetaught;theteachershouldbepreparedtodevotesomeofthelessontimetothisandbyhiswholeattitudetothesubjectshouldgetthestudenttofeelthathereisamatterworthyofreceivinghiscloseattention.SothereshouldbeoccasionswhenotheraspectsofEnglishsuchasgrammarorspellingareallowedforthemomenttotakesecondplace.Apartfromthisquestionofthetimegiventopronunciationtherearetwootherrequirementsfortheteacher:thefirstknowledge;thesecondtechnique.Itisimportantthattheteachershouldbeinpossessionofthenecessaryinformation.Thiscangenerallybeobtainedfrombooks.Itispossibletogetfrombookssomeideaofthemechanicsofspeechandofwhatwecallgeneralphonetictheory.ItisalsopossibleinthiswaytogetaclearmentalpictureoftherelationshipbetweenthesoundsofdifferentlanguagesbetweenthespeechhabitsofEnglishpeopleandthosesayofyourstudents.Unlesstheteacherhassuchapictureanycommentshemaymakeonhisstudents’pronunciationareunlikelytobeofmuchuseandlessontimespentonpronunciationmaywellbetime-wasted.Butitdoesnotfollowthatyoucanteachpronunciationsuccessfullyassoonasyouhavereadthenecessarybooks.Itdependsafterthatonwhatuseyoumakeofyourknowledgeandthisisamatteroftechnique.Nowthefirstandmostimportantpartofalanguageteacher’stechniqueishisownperformancehisabilitytodemonstratethespokenlanguageineverydetailofarticulationaswellasinfluentspeakingsothatthestudent’slatentcapacityforimitationisgiventhefullestscopeandencouragement.Theteacherthenshouldbeasperfectamodelinthisrespectashecanmakehimself.Andtosupplementhisownperformancehoweversatisfactorythismaybethemodernteacherhasathisdisposalrecordingsradiotelevisionandvideotosupplytheauthenticvoicesofnativespeakersoriftheteacherhappenstobeanativespeakerhimselforspeaksjustlikeonethentovarythemethodofpresentingthelanguagematerial.Notes:setabout着手试图articulation发音latent潜在的不明显的atone’sdisposal供某人任意支配使用authentic真实的真正的 Thevaluethestudentputsoncorrectspeechhabitsdependsupon
Text4Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoalsassessingtheproblemformulatingoptionsestimatinglikelihoodofsuccessmakingadecisionandonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Ratherintheirday-by-daytacticalactivitiestheseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed"intuition"tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguityinconsistencynoveltyandsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneralhoweversuchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseofcapriciousness.Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Ratherseniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.Firsttheyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Secondmanagersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrationalbutisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandpersonalexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpictureofteninan"Aha!"experience.Fourthsomemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtoolsandthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallysuspiciousofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finallymanagerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytofindoutaplausiblesolution.Usedinthiswayintuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat"thinking"isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften"know"whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainittheyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinvariablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcyclesinwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenactingbutbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyfaceseniormanagersofteninitiateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblemnotjustofimplementingthesolution.Notes:capriciousness多变反复无常cognitive认识的runcounterto与......背道而驰违反bypass绕过incloseconcert一齐一致givenprep.考虑到由于 AccordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerXwhousesintuitiontoreachdecisionsandManagerYwhousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutstressfollowedbyalistofarguments.ChoosethebestargumentfromthelistA—Gforeachnumberedsubheading41—45.Therearetwoextraargumentswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.41.Twotypesofstress:Therearebasicallytwotypesofstressplacedonhumanbeings--physicalandmental.42.Effectsofstress—physicaloremotional:Whetherphysical’oremotionalinoriginstresscausesthebodytoreactinthesameway.43.Guilty—usefulthoughmostharmful:Probablythemostharmfulofallthestressesisguilt.44.Instances—noneedtofeelguilty:Howevermanyofusaschildrenlearnedrulesthatwenolongerneed.Nooneisperfect:Guiltandtheworrythatoftenaccompaniesthismajorstressaredifficulttoeradicatebutpeoplesubjecttoexcessiveguiltfeelingsshouldrealizeassimpleasitsoundsthatnooneisperfect.Peoplecannotalwaysbecheerfulandhelpfultoeveryonetheymeet.Anothergoodlessonisthatmistakesshouldbeforgottennotlingeredoverandbroughtouttoexamineperiodically.45.Lifewithalittlestress—significant:Alifewithoutstresssuchasretirementwithnothingtodowouldbeboring.Notes:respiration呼吸pupil瞳孔dilate膨胀perspiration出汗勤奋date约会sour使别扭eradicatevt.消除根除atbest充其量.lingerover细细品味meditation深思沉思mightaswell不妨. [A]FatadultsshouldnolongerfeelguiltyaboutleavingalittlefoodontheplateasuccessfulbusinessmanneednotfeelguiltyaboutspendingalittletoomuchmoneyonavacationnorshouldhefeelguiltythathecancombineabusinesstriptotheWestCoastwithsomeswimmingandgolfatanoceanresort.Butmanypeopledofeelguiltyoversuchapparentlyinnocentactions.Excessiveguiltcansouralloflifeandmakelifenotworthliving;itcanalsocauseself-hatredaswellasotherfearsandanxietiesthatcausealllife’ssuccessestobebittersweetatbest. [B]Stressfromphysicalactivityifnotcarriedtoofarisactuallybeneficial.Exerciserelaxesyouandmayhelpforgetaboutmentalandemotionalstress.Butmentalstressisalmostalwaysbadforyou.Ifmentalstressisunrelieveditcanactuallycausediseasessuchasulcersmigraineheadachesheartproblemsormentalillness. [C]Justasweneedalittleguilt—tokeepuscorrectandalittleworry—tomakeusplanahead—weneedalittlestresstostayinterestedinlife.Butwhenstressbeginstobotheryouyoumightaswellchangeyourroutine.Takeyourmindoffyourworrieswithsomephysicalactivity;youmaydiscoverasolutionyouhaveoverlookedbefore. [D]Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infactitisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth. [E]Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilitiesothersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties. [F]Inthefirststageyourbodypreparestomeetthestress.Theheartbeatandrespirationratesincreaseandthepupilsoftheeyesdilate;thebloodsugarlevelincreasesandtherateofperspirationspeedsupwhiledigestionslowsdownasbloodandmuscularactivityisdivertedelsewhere.Inthesecondstageyourbodyreturnstonormalandrepairsanydamagecausedbythestressfulsituation.Howeverifstresscontinuesthebodycannotrepairitselfandthefinalstageexhaustionthenbegins.Ifthisstagecontinuesifforexampleyouarefrustratedbyyourworkandcontinuetobefrustratedforalongtimephysicaloremotionaldamagewilloccur.Thesestagesofstressreactionarealwaysthesamewhetherthestressiscausedbyacross-countryrunafirstdatebuyingahouseornarrowlymissinganautomobileaccident. [G]Thiscommonemotionisusefultohavewhenithelpsustorealizethatwehaveinfactcommittedsomeerrorviolatedourownrulesorsocialrules.Ifwedidnotfeelguiltywewouldneverdoanythingexceptthethingsthatbroughtusimmediatepleasure—we’dneverobeythelawworkexerciseorevenstudyinschoolunlesswewantedtodosointhefirstplace.Asaperson’sconsciencedevelopsguiltfeelingsbecomeinevitable;guiltisthesorrowweexperiencewhenweknowwehavedonesomethingincorrect. 41
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutstressfollowedbyalistofarguments.ChoosethebestargumentfromthelistA—Gforeachnumberedsubheading41—45.Therearetwoextraargumentswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.41.Twotypesofstress:Therearebasicallytwotypesofstressplacedonhumanbeings--physicalandmental.42.Effectsofstress—physicaloremotional:Whetherphysical’oremotionalinoriginstresscausesthebodytoreactinthesameway.43.Guilty—usefulthoughmostharmful:Probablythemostharmfulofallthestressesisguilt.44.Instances—noneedtofeelguilty:Howevermanyofusaschildrenlearnedrulesthatwenolongerneed.Nooneisperfect:Guiltandtheworrythatoftenaccompaniesthismajorstressaredifficulttoeradicatebutpeoplesubjecttoexcessiveguiltfeelingsshouldrealizeassimpleasitsoundsthatnooneisperfect.Peoplecannotalwaysbecheerfulandhelpfultoeveryonetheymeet.Anothergoodlessonisthatmistakesshouldbeforgottennotlingeredoverandbroughtouttoexamineperiodically.45.Lifewithalittlestress—significant:Alifewithoutstresssuchasretirementwithnothingtodowouldbeboring.Notes:respiration呼吸pupil瞳孔dilate膨胀perspiration出汗勤奋date约会sour使别扭eradicatevt.消除根除atbest充其量.lingerover细细品味meditation深思沉思mightaswell不妨. [A]FatadultsshouldnolongerfeelguiltyaboutleavingalittlefoodontheplateasuccessfulbusinessmanneednotfeelguiltyaboutspendingalittletoomuchmoneyonavacationnorshouldhefeelguiltythathecancombineabusinesstriptotheWestCoastwithsomeswimmingandgolfatanoceanresort.Butmanypeopledofeelguiltyoversuchapparentlyinnocentactions.Excessiveguiltcansouralloflifeandmakelifenotworthliving;itcanalsocauseself-hatredaswellasotherfearsandanxietiesthatcausealllife’ssuccessestobebittersweetatbest. [B]Stressfromphysicalactivityifnotcarriedtoofarisactuallybeneficial.Exerciserelaxesyouandmayhelpforgetaboutmentalandemotionalstress.Butmentalstressisalmostalwaysbadforyou.Ifmentalstressisunrelieveditcanactuallycausediseasessuchasulcersmigraineheadachesheartproblemsormentalillness. [C]Justasweneedalittleguilt—tokeepuscorrectandalittleworry—tomakeusplanahead—weneedalittlestresstostayinterestedinlife.Butwhenstressbeginstobotheryouyoumightaswellchangeyourroutine.Takeyourmindoffyourworrieswithsomephysicalactivity;youmaydiscoverasolutionyouhaveoverlookedbefore. [D]Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infactitisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth. [E]Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilitiesothersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties. [F]Inthefirststageyourbodypreparestomeetthestress.Theheartbeatandrespirationratesincreaseandthepupilsoftheeyesdilate;thebloodsugarlevelincreasesandtherateofperspirationspeedsupwhiledigestionslowsdownasbloodandmuscularactivityisdivertedelsewhere.Inthesecondstageyourbodyreturnstonormalandrepairsanydamagecausedbythestressfulsituation.Howeverifstresscontinuesthebodycannotrepairitselfandthefinalstageexhaustionthenbegins.Ifthisstagecontinuesifforexampleyouarefrustratedbyyourworkandcontinuetobefrustratedforalongtimephysicaloremotionaldamagewilloccur.Thesestagesofstressreactionarealwaysthesamewhetherthestressiscausedbyacross-countryrunafirstdatebuyingahouseornarrowlymissinganautomobileaccident. [G]Thiscommonemotionisusefultohavewhenithelpsustorealizethatwehaveinfactcommittedsomeerrorviolatedourownrulesorsocialrules.Ifwedidnotfeelguiltywewouldneverdoanythingexceptthethingsthatbroughtusimmediatepleasure—we’dneverobeythelawworkexerciseorevenstudyinschoolunlesswewantedtodosointhefirstplace.Asaperson’sconsciencedevelopsguiltfeelingsbecomeinevitable;guiltisthesorrowweexperiencewhenweknowwehavedonesomethingincorrect. 45
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3theeasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English".EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations.Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.Notes:fiery暴躁的易怒的 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
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