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Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity Not a plant to be seen, the desert ground is too dry. Bu...
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HowtoBeaSuccessfulBusinesspersonHaveyoueverwonderedwhysomepeoplearesuccessfulinbusinessandothersarenotHere’sastoryaboutonesuccessfulbusinessperson.Hestartedoutwashingdishesandtodayheowns168restaurants.ZubairKaziwasborninBhatkalasmalltowninsouthwestIndia.Hisdreamwastobeanairplanepilotandwhenhewas16yearsoldhelearnedtoflyasmallplane.Attheageof23andwithjustalittlemoneyinhispocketMr.KazimovedtotheUnitedStates.HehopedtogetajobintheairplaneindustryinCalifornia.Insteadheendedupworkingforacompanythatrentedcars.WhileMr.Kaziwasworkingatthecarrental租赁的companyhefrequentlyateatanearbyKFCrestaurant.TosavemoneyonfoodhedecidedtogetajobwithKFC.Fortwomonthsheworkedascook’sassistant.Hisjobwastocleanthekitchenandhelpthecook.Ididn’tlikeitMr.KazisaysbutIalwaysdidthebestIcould.OnedayMr.Kazi’stwoco-workersfailedtocometowork.ThatdayMr.Kazididtheworkofallthreepeopleinthekitchen.Thisreallyimpressedtheownersoftherestaurant.Afewmonthslatertheownersneededamanagerforanewrestaurant.TheygavethejobtoMr.Kazi.Heworkedhardasthemanagerandsoontherestaurantwasmakingaprofit.AfewyearslaterMr.Kaziheardaboutarestaurantthatwaslosingmoney.Therestaurantwasdirtyinsideandthefoodwasterrible.Mr.Kaziborrowedmoneyfromabankandboughttherestaurant.ForthefirstsixmonthsMr.Kaziworkedintherestaurantfrom8a.m.to10p.m.sevendaysaweek.Heandhiswifecleaneduptherestaurantremodeledthefrontofthebuildingandimprovedthecooking.Theyalsotriedhardtopleasethecustomers.IfsomeonehadtowaitmorethantenminutesfortheirfoodMrs.Kazigavethemafreesoda.Beforelongtherestaurantwasmakingaprofit.AyearlaterMr.Kazisoldhisrestaurantforaprofit.Withthemoneyheearnedheboughtthreemorerestaurantsthatwerelosingmoney.Againhecleanedthemupimprovedthefoodandretrainedtheemployees.Beforelongtheserestaurantsweremakingaprofittoo.TodayMr.Kaziowns168restaurantsbutheisn’tplanningtostopthere.He’slookingformorepoorlymanagedrestaurantstobuy.IloveitwhenIgotobuyarestaurantandfindit’samessMr.Kazisays.Theonlywayitcangoisup./Mr.KazidecidedtoworkwithKFCto
WeavingwithLightIntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexicothenativeHuicholpeoplelivemuchthewaytheirancestorsdid--Withoutelectricity.That’sbecauseit’stooexpensivetostringpowerlinestotheremotemountainareaswheretheylive.TohelpsupportthemselvestheHuicholcreatebeautifulartwork.Theyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages.Andwithoutelectricity--athomeorontheroadtheycanonlyworkduringdaylighthours.Whenitgetsdarktheymuststopwhateverthey’redoing.NowateamofscientistsdesignersandarchitectsisusingnewtechnologiestoprovidetheHuicholwithlightafterthesunsets.Thescientists’techniqueinvolvesweavingtinyelectroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothesbagsorotheritems.Bycollectingthesun’senergyduringthedaytheselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhitelightatnight.TheirinventorshavenamedthefabricsPortable轻便的Lights.PortableLightshavethepotentialtotransformthelivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundtheworld.AtthecoreofPortableLightstechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emittingdiodes高亮度发光二极管orHBLEDs.Thesetinylightsappearindigitalclockstelevisionsandstreetlights.LEDsarecompletelydifferentfromthelightbulbs灯泡.Mostofthoseglassbulbsbelongtoatypecalledincandescentlights白炽灯.Insideelectricityheatsametalcoil线圈toabout2200degreesCelsius.Atthattemperaturebulbsgiveofflightwecansee.Ninetypercentofenergyproducedbyincandescentlightshoweverisheat--andinvisible.Withallthatwastedenergybulbsburnoutquickly.Theyarealsoeasilybroken.LEDsontheotherhandareliketinypiecesofrockmadeupofmolecules分子thatarearrangedinacrystalstructure.WhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughanLEDthecrystalstructureproduceslight.Unlikeincandescentbulbstheycanproducelightofvariouscolors.WithinanLEDthetypeofmoleculesandtheirparticulararrangementdetermineswhatcolorisproduced.TomakealivingtheHuicholcreateartworkand
LakesTooFeelGlobalWarmingThere’snodoubt:InthelastfewdecadestheaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanithasbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworldpeoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarmingandtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit.Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldandtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24yearsthelakesgotwarmer--byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear.Insomeplaceslakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.AtthatratealakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall--youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbath.Butinalakeslightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgae水藻andalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish.Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregionslakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswellscientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld.That’sgoingtobeusefulsincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcernedEveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutitespeciallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhouse温室gasesweputintotheair.That’swhytheUnitedNationsstartedtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeorUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeetsandrepresentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.UNFCCC’sannualmeetingwillbeheldinMexicothisyear.
A.differentlabelsB.windowsandglassdoorsC.inlandfloodingD.earlywarningE.naturaldisasterF.aconstantspeedApowerfulhurricanemaybecomethemostdestructive______.
Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactonourlives.
第二篇TheBookofLifeSofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies物种andthat’sjustasmallpartofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandothercreaturescoveringtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby.Asoon-to-be-launchedWebsitemighthelp.AninternationalteamofresearchershasannouncedthecreationofaWeb-basedEncyclopedia百科全书ofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguide.Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabases数据库thatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenon-scientistswithspecialized专门的knowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhichbirdsthey’veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlyrecentlybecomeavailable.AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems生态系统intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven’tbeenreviewed.AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterestsageandcurrentknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreportforexampleyoucouldusethenovicesettingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Ontheexpertsettingontheotherhandyoucouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistoryliteratureandexplorationofbears.Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedthatprocess.Spiderandbirdmentionedinparagraph1areexamplestoillustrate
Thetestproduceddisappointingresults.
A.WheredohurricanesusuallyhappenB.WhatdamagescanahurricanecauseC.WhatshouldyoudoduringahurricaneD.WhatisahurricaneE.WhataredifferentnamesofhurricanesF.HowdoyouknowahurricaneiscomingParagraph2______
Hisshoeswereshinedtoperfection.
WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse’.WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarthWherewasthislowtemperaturerecordedThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas--91℃.which51inAntarctica南极洲in1983.Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesin52.TemperaturesinEarthorbit轨道actuallyrangefromabout+120℃to--120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon53youareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously-120℃iscolderthanourbodycan54endure.Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolar55.ObviouslyitishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravel56fromtheSun.ScientistsestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout--210℃.HowcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverseAgainitdependsuponyour57.Wearetaughtitissupposedly58tohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezerowhichis--273℃atwhichatomsdonotmove.TwoscientistsCornellandWiemanhavesuccessfully59downagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork--notadiscoveryinthiscase.Whyisthetwoscientists’worksoimportanttoscienceInthe1920sSatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinteresting60aboutspeciallightparticles微粒wenowcallphotons光子.Bosehadtrouble61otherscientiststobelievehistheorysohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein’scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms62behaveasBosethought--butonlyatverycoldtemperatures.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-cold超冷atomscanhelpthemmaketheworld’satomicclockseven63accurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecond64sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocity速度timestimed=v×tWiththelongdistancesinvolvedinspace65weneedtoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse’.WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarthWherewasthislowtemperaturerecordedThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas--91℃.which51inAntarctica南极洲in1983.Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesin52.TemperaturesinEarthorbit轨道actuallyrangefromabout+120℃to--120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon53youareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously-120℃iscolderthanourbodycan54endure.Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolar55.ObviouslyitishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravel56fromtheSun.ScientistsestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout--210℃.HowcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverseAgainitdependsuponyour57.Wearetaughtitissupposedly58tohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezerowhichis--273℃atwhichatomsdonotmove.TwoscientistsCornellandWiemanhavesuccessfully59downagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork--notadiscoveryinthiscase.Whyisthetwoscientists’worksoimportanttoscienceInthe1920sSatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinteresting60aboutspeciallightparticles微粒wenowcallphotons光子.Bosehadtrouble61otherscientiststobelievehistheorysohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein’scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms62behaveasBosethought--butonlyatverycoldtemperatures.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-cold超冷atomscanhelpthemmaketheworld’satomicclockseven63accurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecond64sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocity速度timestimed=v×tWiththelongdistancesinvolvedinspace65weneedtoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
第二篇TheBookofLifeSofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies物种andthat’sjustasmallpartofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandothercreaturescoveringtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby.Asoon-to-be-launchedWebsitemighthelp.AninternationalteamofresearchershasannouncedthecreationofaWeb-basedEncyclopedia百科全书ofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguide.Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabases数据库thatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenon-scientistswithspecialized专门的knowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhichbirdsthey’veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlyrecentlybecomeavailable.AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems生态系统intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven’tbeenreviewed.AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterestsageandcurrentknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreportforexampleyoucouldusethenovicesettingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Ontheexpertsettingontheotherhandyoucouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistoryliteratureandexplorationofbears.Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedthatprocess.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue
Thebooktooktenyearsofthoroughresearch.
WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse’.WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarthWherewasthislowtemperaturerecordedThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas--91℃.which51inAntarctica南极洲in1983.Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesin52.TemperaturesinEarthorbit轨道actuallyrangefromabout+120℃to--120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon53youareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously-120℃iscolderthanourbodycan54endure.Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolar55.ObviouslyitishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravel56fromtheSun.ScientistsestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout--210℃.HowcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverseAgainitdependsuponyour57.Wearetaughtitissupposedly58tohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezerowhichis--273℃atwhichatomsdonotmove.TwoscientistsCornellandWiemanhavesuccessfully59downagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork--notadiscoveryinthiscase.Whyisthetwoscientists’worksoimportanttoscienceInthe1920sSatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinteresting60aboutspeciallightparticles微粒wenowcallphotons光子.Bosehadtrouble61otherscientiststobelievehistheorysohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein’scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms62behaveasBosethought--butonlyatverycoldtemperatures.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-cold超冷atomscanhelpthemmaketheworld’satomicclockseven63accurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecond64sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocity速度timestimed=v×tWiththelongdistancesinvolvedinspace65weneedtoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
SomeUnusualCelebrationsSomeholidaysarewell-knownallaroundtheworld.AmongthemareNewYear’sEvecelebrations.AlsocommonaredaysinhonorofloveandfriendshiplikeValentine’sDay.EachcountryhasitsownspecialholidaystoooftentomarkimportanteventsinItshistory.Schoolsbanksandgovernmentofficesallcloseondayslikethese.______46Afewofthemarereallyverystrange.Ofcoursetheyarenotstrangetothepeoplewhocelebratethem.Perhapsthatisbecausethecelebrationshavelongtraditions.ConsiderAprilFool’sDayforexample.Nooneknowswhenorwhyitbegan.Todayitiscelebratedinmanycountries--FranceEnglandandAustraliaamongothers.Onthisdaypeopleplaypracticaljokes.______47Theoneswholaugharetheonesplayingthejokes.Thepeopletheyfooloftengetangry.DoescelebratingthisdaymakesensetoyouDyngusDayinPolandseemsstrangetoo.Onthisdayitistraditionalforboystopourwaterovertheheadsofgirls.Hereisthestrangestpart:Theydoittogirlstheylike.Otherunusualcelebrationstakeplaceinasinglecityortown.AholidaycalledLaTomatinaiscelebratedinBunolSpain.EveryyearinlateAugustbigtruckscarrymorethan200000poundsoftomatoesintothislittletown.______48Fortwohourspeopleinthestreetsthrowtomatoesateachother.Everyoneendsupredfromheadtotoe.August10marksthestartofthePuckFairanIrishfestivalwithaveryunusualtraditionPeoplefromthetownofKillorglingoupintothemountainsandcatchawildgoat.______49Therearealsosomecelebrationsthatarereallystrange.IntheUnitedStatessometimesonepersongetsanideaforanewholidayandtriestogetotherstoacceptit.WhoseideawasPublicSleepingDayThatoneisonFebruary28.ItmayseemstrangebutitsoundslikemorefunthantheoneonFebruary9.______50DoyouliketheideaofinventinganewholidayIfyoudothenyouwillwanttomarkMarch26onyourcalendar.ThatisMakeUpYourOwnHolidayDay.A.Someofthedayspeoplecelebratehoweverarelessserious.B.Jokesaresupposedtobefunnybutthesejokesdonotmakeeveryonelaugh.C.Somepeoplehavefunimaginingnewholidays.D.Theybringhimbacktotownputacrownonhisheadandmakehimkingforthreedays.E.Thenbeginstheworld’sbiggestfoodfight.F.ThatissupposedtobeToothacheDay.
HowtoBeaSuccessfulBusinesspersonHaveyoueverwonderedwhysomepeoplearesuccessfulinbusinessandothersarenotHere’sastoryaboutonesuccessfulbusinessperson.Hestartedoutwashingdishesandtodayheowns168restaurants.ZubairKaziwasborninBhatkalasmalltowninsouthwestIndia.Hisdreamwastobeanairplanepilotandwhenhewas16yearsoldhelearnedtoflyasmallplane.Attheageof23andwithjustalittlemoneyinhispocketMr.KazimovedtotheUnitedStates.HehopedtogetajobintheairplaneindustryinCalifornia.Insteadheendedupworkingforacompanythatrentedcars.WhileMr.Kaziwasworkingatthecarrental租赁的companyhefrequentlyateatanearbyKFCrestaurant.TosavemoneyonfoodhedecidedtogetajobwithKFC.Fortwomonthsheworkedascook’sassistant.Hisjobwastocleanthekitchenandhelpthecook.Ididn’tlikeitMr.KazisaysbutIalwaysdidthebestIcould.OnedayMr.Kazi’stwoco-workersfailedtocometowork.ThatdayMr.Kazididtheworkofallthreepeopleinthekitchen.Thisreallyimpressedtheownersoftherestaurant.Afewmonthslatertheownersneededamanagerforanewrestaurant.TheygavethejobtoMr.Kazi.Heworkedhardasthemanagerandsoontherestaurantwasmakingaprofit.AfewyearslaterMr.Kaziheardaboutarestaurantthatwaslosingmoney.Therestaurantwasdirtyinsideandthefoodwasterrible.Mr.Kaziborrowedmoneyfromabankandboughttherestaurant.ForthefirstsixmonthsMr.Kaziworkedintherestaurantfrom8a.m.to10p.m.sevendaysaweek.Heandhiswifecleaneduptherestaurantremodeledthefrontofthebuildingandimprovedthecooking.Theyalsotriedhardtopleasethecustomers.IfsomeonehadtowaitmorethantenminutesfortheirfoodMrs.Kazigavethemafreesoda.Beforelongtherestaurantwasmakingaprofit.AyearlaterMr.Kazisoldhisrestaurantforaprofit.Withthemoneyheearnedheboughtthreemorerestaurantsthatwerelosingmoney.Againhecleanedthemupimprovedthefoodandretrainedtheemployees.Beforelongtheserestaurantsweremakingaprofittoo.TodayMr.Kaziowns168restaurantsbutheisn’tplanningtostopthere.He’slookingformorepoorlymanagedrestaurantstobuy.IloveitwhenIgotobuyarestaurantandfindit’samessMr.Kazisays.Theonlywayitcangoisup./Tosaveafailingrestaurant.Mr.KazididallthefollowingthingsEXCEPTto
WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse’.WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarthWherewasthislowtemperaturerecordedThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas--91℃.which51inAntarctica南极洲in1983.Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesin52.TemperaturesinEarthorbit轨道actuallyrangefromabout+120℃to--120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon53youareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously-120℃iscolderthanourbodycan54endure.Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolar55.ObviouslyitishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravel56fromtheSun.ScientistsestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout--210℃.HowcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverseAgainitdependsuponyour57.Wearetaughtitissupposedly58tohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezerowhichis--273℃atwhichatomsdonotmove.TwoscientistsCornellandWiemanhavesuccessfully59downagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork--notadiscoveryinthiscase.Whyisthetwoscientists’worksoimportanttoscienceInthe1920sSatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinteresting60aboutspeciallightparticles微粒wenowcallphotons光子.Bosehadtrouble61otherscientiststobelievehistheorysohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein’scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms62behaveasBosethought--butonlyatverycoldtemperatures.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-cold超冷atomscanhelpthemmaketheworld’satomicclockseven63accurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecond64sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocity速度timestimed=v×tWiththelongdistancesinvolvedinspace65weneedtoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
LakesTooFeelGlobalWarmingThere’snodoubt:InthelastfewdecadestheaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanithasbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworldpeoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarmingandtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit.Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldandtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24yearsthelakesgotwarmer--byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear.Insomeplaceslakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.AtthatratealakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall--youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbath.Butinalakeslightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgae水藻andalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish.Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregionslakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswellscientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld.That’sgoingtobeusefulsincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcernedEveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutitespeciallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhouse温室gasesweputintotheair.That’swhytheUnitedNationsstartedtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeorUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeetsandrepresentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.Scientistshavebeenkeepingrecordsoflaketemperaturesforover30years.
SomeUnusualCelebrationsSomeholidaysarewell-knownallaroundtheworld.AmongthemareNewYear’sEvecelebrations.AlsocommonaredaysinhonorofloveandfriendshiplikeValentine’sDay.EachcountryhasitsownspecialholidaystoooftentomarkimportanteventsinItshistory.Schoolsbanksandgovernmentofficesallcloseondayslikethese.______46Afewofthemarereallyverystrange.Ofcoursetheyarenotstrangetothepeoplewhocelebratethem.Perhapsthatisbecausethecelebrationshavelongtraditions.ConsiderAprilFool’sDayforexample.Nooneknowswhenorwhyitbegan.Todayitiscelebratedinmanycountries--FranceEnglandandAustraliaamongothers.Onthisdaypeopleplaypracticaljokes.______47Theoneswholaugharetheonesplayingthejokes.Thepeopletheyfooloftengetangry.DoescelebratingthisdaymakesensetoyouDyngusDayinPolandseemsstrangetoo.Onthisdayitistraditionalforboystopourwaterovertheheadsofgirls.Hereisthestrangestpart:Theydoittogirlstheylike.Otherunusualcelebrationstakeplaceinasinglecityortown.AholidaycalledLaTomatinaiscelebratedinBunolSpain.EveryyearinlateAugustbigtruckscarrymorethan200000poundsoftomatoesintothislittletown.______48Fortwohourspeopleinthestreetsthrowtomatoesateachother.Everyoneendsupredfromheadtotoe.August10marksthestartofthePuckFairanIrishfestivalwithaveryunusualtraditionPeoplefromthetownofKillorglingoupintothemountainsandcatchawildgoat.______49Therearealsosomecelebrationsthatarereallystrange.IntheUnitedStatessometimesonepersongetsanideaforanewholidayandtriestogetotherstoacceptit.WhoseideawasPublicSleepingDayThatoneisonFebruary28.ItmayseemstrangebutitsoundslikemorefunthantheoneonFebruary9.______50DoyouliketheideaofinventinganewholidayIfyoudothenyouwillwanttomarkMarch26onyourcalendar.ThatisMakeUpYourOwnHolidayDay.A.Someofthedayspeoplecelebratehoweverarelessserious.B.Jokesaresupposedtobefunnybutthesejokesdonotmakeeveryonelaugh.C.Somepeoplehavefunimaginingnewholidays.D.Theybringhimbacktotownputacrownonhisheadandmakehimkingforthreedays.E.Thenbeginstheworld’sbiggestfoodfight.F.ThatissupposedtobeToothacheDay.
WeavingwithLightIntheSierraMadremountainrangeofwestcentralMexicothenativeHuicholpeoplelivemuchthewaytheirancestorsdid--Withoutelectricity.That’sbecauseit’stooexpensivetostringpowerlinestotheremotemountainareaswheretheylive.TohelpsupportthemselvestheHuicholcreatebeautifulartwork.Theyselltheirartincitieshundredsofmilesawayfromtheirvillages.Andwithoutelectricity--athomeorontheroadtheycanonlyworkduringdaylighthours.Whenitgetsdarktheymuststopwhateverthey’redoing.NowateamofscientistsdesignersandarchitectsisusingnewtechnologiestoprovidetheHuicholwithlightafterthesunsets.Thescientists’techniqueinvolvesweavingtinyelectroniccrystalsintofabricsthatcanbemadeintoclothesbagsorotheritems.Bycollectingthesun’senergyduringthedaytheselightweightfabricsprovidebrightwhitelightatnight.TheirinventorshavenamedthefabricsPortable轻便的Lights.PortableLightshavethepotentialtotransformthelivesofpeoplewithoutelectricityaroundtheworld.AtthecoreofPortableLightstechnologyaredevicescalledhigh-brightnesslight-emittingdiodes高亮度发光二极管orHBLEDs.Thesetinylightsappearindigitalclockstelevisionsandstreetlights.LEDsarecompletelydifferentfromthelightbulbs灯泡.Mostofthoseglassbulbsbelongtoatypecalledincandescentlights白炽灯.Insideelectricityheatsametalcoil线圈toabout2200degreesCelsius.Atthattemperaturebulbsgiveofflightwecansee.Ninetypercentofenergyproducedbyincandescentlightshoweverisheat--andinvisible.Withallthatwastedenergybulbsburnoutquickly.Theyarealsoeasilybroken.LEDsontheotherhandareliketinypiecesofrockmadeupofmolecules分子thatarearrangedinacrystalstructure.WhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughanLEDthecrystalstructureproduceslight.Unlikeincandescentbulbstheycanproducelightofvariouscolors.WithinanLEDthetypeofmoleculesandtheirparticulararrangementdetermineswhatcolorisproduced.AllofthefollowingaredisadvantagesofincandescentlightsEXCEPTthat
Ihavebeentryingto{{U}}quit{{/U}}smoking.
WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse’.WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarthWherewasthislowtemperaturerecordedThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas--91℃.which51inAntarctica南极洲in1983.Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesin52.TemperaturesinEarthorbit轨道actuallyrangefromabout+120℃to--120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon53youareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously-120℃iscolderthanourbodycan54endure.Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolar55.ObviouslyitishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravel56fromtheSun.ScientistsestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout--210℃.HowcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverseAgainitdependsuponyour57.Wearetaughtitissupposedly58tohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezerowhichis--273℃atwhichatomsdonotmove.TwoscientistsCornellandWiemanhavesuccessfully59downagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork--notadiscoveryinthiscase.Whyisthetwoscientists’worksoimportanttoscienceInthe1920sSatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinteresting60aboutspeciallightparticles微粒wenowcallphotons光子.Bosehadtrouble61otherscientiststobelievehistheorysohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein’scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms62behaveasBosethought--butonlyatverycoldtemperatures.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-cold超冷atomscanhelpthemmaketheworld’satomicclockseven63accurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecond64sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocity速度timestimed=v×tWiththelongdistancesinvolvedinspace65weneedtoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
SomeUnusualCelebrationsSomeholidaysarewell-knownallaroundtheworld.AmongthemareNewYear’sEvecelebrations.AlsocommonaredaysinhonorofloveandfriendshiplikeValentine’sDay.EachcountryhasitsownspecialholidaystoooftentomarkimportanteventsinItshistory.Schoolsbanksandgovernmentofficesallcloseondayslikethese.______46Afewofthemarereallyverystrange.Ofcoursetheyarenotstrangetothepeoplewhocelebratethem.Perhapsthatisbecausethecelebrationshavelongtraditions.ConsiderAprilFool’sDayforexample.Nooneknowswhenorwhyitbegan.Todayitiscelebratedinmanycountries--FranceEnglandandAustraliaamongothers.Onthisdaypeopleplaypracticaljokes.______47Theoneswholaugharetheonesplayingthejokes.Thepeopletheyfooloftengetangry.DoescelebratingthisdaymakesensetoyouDyngusDayinPolandseemsstrangetoo.Onthisdayitistraditionalforboystopourwaterovertheheadsofgirls.Hereisthestrangestpart:Theydoittogirlstheylike.Otherunusualcelebrationstakeplaceinasinglecityortown.AholidaycalledLaTomatinaiscelebratedinBunolSpain.EveryyearinlateAugustbigtruckscarrymorethan200000poundsoftomatoesintothislittletown.______48Fortwohourspeopleinthestreetsthrowtomatoesateachother.Everyoneendsupredfromheadtotoe.August10marksthestartofthePuckFairanIrishfestivalwithaveryunusualtraditionPeoplefromthetownofKillorglingoupintothemountainsandcatchawildgoat.______49Therearealsosomecelebrationsthatarereallystrange.IntheUnitedStatessometimesonepersongetsanideaforanewholidayandtriestogetotherstoacceptit.WhoseideawasPublicSleepingDayThatoneisonFebruary28.ItmayseemstrangebutitsoundslikemorefunthantheoneonFebruary9.______50DoyouliketheideaofinventinganewholidayIfyoudothenyouwillwanttomarkMarch26onyourcalendar.ThatisMakeUpYourOwnHolidayDay.A.Someofthedayspeoplecelebratehoweverarelessserious.B.Jokesaresupposedtobefunnybutthesejokesdonotmakeeveryonelaugh.C.Somepeoplehavefunimaginingnewholidays.D.Theybringhimbacktotownputacrownonhisheadandmakehimkingforthreedays.E.Thenbeginstheworld’sbiggestfoodfight.F.ThatissupposedtobeToothacheDay.
第二篇TheBookofLifeSofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies物种andthat’sjustasmallpartofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandothercreaturescoveringtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby.Asoon-to-be-launchedWebsitemighthelp.AninternationalteamofresearchershasannouncedthecreationofaWeb-basedEncyclopedia百科全书ofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguide.Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabases数据库thatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenon-scientistswithspecialized专门的knowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhichbirdsthey’veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlyrecentlybecomeavailable.AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems生态系统intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven’tbeenreviewed.AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterestsageandcurrentknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreportforexampleyoucouldusethenovicesettingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Ontheexpertsettingontheotherhandyoucouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistoryliteratureandexplorationofbears.Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedthatprocess.AtthestartingstagetheEoLwillgetinformationfrom
LakesTooFeelGlobalWarmingThere’snodoubt:InthelastfewdecadestheaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanithasbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworldpeoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarmingandtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit.Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldandtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24yearsthelakesgotwarmer--byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear.Insomeplaceslakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.AtthatratealakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall--youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbath.Butinalakeslightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgae水藻andalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish.Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregionslakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswellscientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld.That’sgoingtobeusefulsincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcernedEveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutitespeciallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhouse温室gasesweputintotheair.That’swhytheUnitedNationsstartedtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeorUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeetsandrepresentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.Scientistsgenerallyfocusonairtemperatureswhenstudyingglobalwarming.
WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse’.WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarthWherewasthislowtemperaturerecordedThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas--91℃.which51inAntarctica南极洲in1983.Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesin52.TemperaturesinEarthorbit轨道actuallyrangefromabout+120℃to--120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon53youareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously-120℃iscolderthanourbodycan54endure.Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolar55.ObviouslyitishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravel56fromtheSun.ScientistsestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout--210℃.HowcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverseAgainitdependsuponyour57.Wearetaughtitissupposedly58tohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezerowhichis--273℃atwhichatomsdonotmove.TwoscientistsCornellandWiemanhavesuccessfully59downagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork--notadiscoveryinthiscase.Whyisthetwoscientists’worksoimportanttoscienceInthe1920sSatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinteresting60aboutspeciallightparticles微粒wenowcallphotons光子.Bosehadtrouble61otherscientiststobelievehistheorysohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein’scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms62behaveasBosethought--butonlyatverycoldtemperatures.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-cold超冷atomscanhelpthemmaketheworld’satomicclockseven63accurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecond64sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocity速度timestimed=v×tWiththelongdistancesinvolvedinspace65weneedtoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
A.WheredohurricanesusuallyhappenB.WhatdamagescanahurricanecauseC.WhatshouldyoudoduringahurricaneD.WhatisahurricaneE.WhataredifferentnamesofhurricanesF.HowdoyouknowahurricaneiscomingParagraph4______
LakesTooFeelGlobalWarmingThere’snodoubt:InthelastfewdecadestheaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanithasbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworldpeoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsofglobalwarmingandtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit.Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldandtheyfoundthatlakesareheatingup.Between1985and2009satellitesrecordedthenighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24yearsthelakesgotwarmer--byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear.Insomeplaceslakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.AtthatratealakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsiusinjust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall--youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbath.Butinalakeslightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgae水藻andalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish.Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregionslakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswellscientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld.That’sgoingtobeusefulsincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcernedEveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutitespeciallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhouse温室gasesweputintotheair.That’swhytheUnitedNationsstartedtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeorUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeetsandrepresentativesfromcountriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.LakesseemtobewarmingfasterinAsi
WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse’.WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarthWherewasthislowtemperaturerecordedThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas--91℃.which51inAntarctica南极洲in1983.Weencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesin52.TemperaturesinEarthorbit轨道actuallyrangefromabout+120℃to--120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon53youareindirectsunlightorshade.Obviously-120℃iscolderthanourbodycan54endure.Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolar55.ObviouslyitishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravel56fromtheSun.ScientistsestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout--210℃.HowcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverseAgainitdependsuponyour57.Wearetaughtitissupposedly58tohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezerowhichis--273℃atwhichatomsdonotmove.TwoscientistsCornellandWiemanhavesuccessfully59downagastoatemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirwork--notadiscoveryinthiscase.Whyisthetwoscientists’worksoimportanttoscienceInthe1920sSatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinteresting60aboutspeciallightparticles微粒wenowcallphotons光子.Bosehadtrouble61otherscientiststobelievehistheorysohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein’scalculationshelpedhimtheorizethatatoms62behaveasBosethought--butonlyatverycoldtemperatures.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-cold超冷atomscanhelpthemmaketheworld’satomicclockseven63accurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecond64sixmillionyears!Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocity速度timestimed=v×tWiththelongdistancesinvolvedinspace65weneedtoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
A.differentlabelsB.windowsandglassdoorsC.inlandfloodingD.earlywarningE.naturaldisasterF.aconstantspeedDuringahurricaneoneshouldstayawayfrom______.
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