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Laughter makes you feel gooD. And the good feeling that you get when you laugh remains with you eve...
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高中英语《江苏大丰新丰中学英语2014-2015学年高二下学期期中考试试卷 试题及答案》真题及答案
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Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecan'tmakeustireD.ItsoundsabsurD.Butafewyearsagoscientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue疲劳.Totheamazementofthesescientiststheydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrainwhenitisactiveshowsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborerwecouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins霉素andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinsteinitwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerneditcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortsasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotional情感的attitudes.OneofEngland'smostoutstandingscientistsJ.A.HadfieldsaysThegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.InfactfatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrarE.Dr.BrillafamousAmericanscientistgoesevenfurther.HedeclaresOnehundredpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!A.feelingofbeingboredangeranxietytensenessworryafeelingofnotbeingappreciated—thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.HardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatiguE.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.28.Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer'sblooD.B.AlbertEinsteindidn'tfeelwornoutafteraday'swork.C.ThebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatiguE.D.Amentalworker'sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.29.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?A.Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabor.30.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthescientists'ideas?A.Heagreeswiththem.B.Hedoubtsthem.C.Hearguesagainstthem.D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.31.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergeticsittingworkersneedto_____.A.havesomegoodfoodB.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfatiguetoxins
Ourriskofcancerrisesrapidlyasweage.Soitmakessensethattheelderlyshouldberoutinelyscreenedfornewtumors肿瘤ordoesn’tit?Whilesuchtrackingofcancerisagoodthingingeneralresearchersareincreasinglyquestioningwhetherallofthistestingisnecessaryfortheelderly.Withthepercentageofpeopleoverage65expectedtonearlydoubleby2050itsimportanttoweighthehealthbenefitsofscreeningagainsttherisksandcostsofroutinetesting.Inmanycasesscreeningcanleadtoadditionalexaminationsandoperationstoremovecancerwhichcancausesideeffectswhilethecancersthemselvesmaybeslow-growingandmaynotcauseserioushealthproblemsinpatients’remainingyears.Butthemessagethateveryonemustscreenforcancerhasbecomesoingrained根深蒂固的thatwhenhealthcareexpertsrecommendedthatwomenunder50andover74stopscreeningforbreastcanceritcausedanoisyreactionamongdoctorspatientsandsocialgroups.It’shardtouprootdeeply-heldbeliefsaboutcancerscreeningwithscientificdata.Certainlytherearepeopleoverage75whohavehadcancersdetectedbyroutinescreeningandgainedseveralextrayearsoflifebecauseoftreatment.Andclearlypeopleoverage75whohaveotherriskfactorsforcancersuchasafamilyhistoryorpreviouspersonalexperiencewiththediseaseshouldcontinuetogetscreenedregularly.Butfortheresttheriskofcancerwhileincreasedattheendoflifemustbebalancedwithotherfactorslikeremaininglifeexpectancy.Arecentstudysuggeststhatdoctorsstarttomakemoreobjectivedecisionsaboutwhowilltrulybenefitfromscreening—especiallyconsideringtheexplosionoftheelderly.It’snotaneasycalculationtomakebutonethatmakessenseforpatients.Dr.OtisBrawleysaidManydoctorsareorderingthesetestspurelytocoverthemselvesfrommedicaldisputes.Weneedtothinkaboutthewiseuseofhealthcarewhichmeansmakingsomedifficultdecisionswithelderlypatientsandgoingagainstthemisguidedbeliefthatwhenitcomestohealthcaremoreisalwaysbetter.1.Routinecancerscreeningfortheelderlypeoplemakessensebecause______.A..itisbelievedtocontributetoalonglifeB..itispartoftheirhealthcarepackageC..theyaremoresensitiveaboutthehealthD..theyareingreaterdangeroftumorgrowth2.Howdosomeresearchersnowlookatroutinecancerscreeningfortheelderly?A..Itaddstoomuchtotheirmedicalbills.B..Theyaredoubtfulaboutnecessity.C..Ithelpsincreasetheirlifeexpectancy.D..Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.3.Whatisthetraditionalviewaboutwomenscreeningforbreastcancer?A..Itisamustforadultwomen.B..Itappliestowomenover50.C..Itisintendedforyoungwomen.D..Itdoesn’tapplytowomenover74.4.Whatdoesthewritersayisthegeneralviewabouthealthcare?A..BettercarelongerlifeB..PreventionisbetterthancurE.C..BetterearlythanlatE.D..Themorethebetter.5.Whydomanydoctorsadviseroutinescreeningforcancer?A..Theywanttotakeadvantageofthemedicalcaresystem.B..Theywanttoprotectthemselvesagainstmedicaldisputes.C..Theywantdataformedicalresearch.D..Theywanttheirpatientstosufferless.
BillFultondoesn’trememberlosinghiswalletbutitsreturnhelpedhimrememberthepast.Theleatherstayedsmoothandthecowboydesignunblemished完美无缺的.Andwhenhelookedinsidethecontentsbroughtbackmemoriesfrom1946whenheapparentlydroppedthewalletbehindthebalconyblcachers露天看台intheBakerMiddleSchoolgym.Fulton’sSocialSecurityCardandbicyclelicensebearingtheaddresswherehelivedduringhisteenageyearswerepositionedintheirrespectivecompartments隔层apparentlyuntouchedsincetheyearafterWorldWarⅡendeD.WorkerNathanOsbornefoundthewallet—alongwitholdhomeworklostlibrarybooksanda1964talentshowprogram—whileremovingthebleachersforrenovations整修onJune17.ItwasbroughttoFulton’sdoorthefollowingdaybyMelanieTrindletheBakerMiddleSchoolsecretary.MiddleSchoolPrincipalMindiVaughansaidthebrownpinebleacherswereconnectedtothegymbalcony’sbrickwallandhadremainedinthesameplacesincetheschoolknownastheHelenM.StackBuildingopenedin1936.Fulton78saidheprobablylostthewalletwhilecheeringfortheBakerHighbasketballteamwithagroupoffriends.FultonsaidthebicycleIDwasneededbecausehedeliveredmedicineforRodamarDrug.HewassurprisedhoweverthathisbicycleIDwasn’tinsidE.HesaidhealwayskeptittherE.Butratherthanfocusonwhatwasinsidethewallet.Fultonsaidtherecoveryhasledhimtoreflectonhislife—onethattookhimtotheKoreanWarandBerlinbeforethereturntoBakerCity.HeworkedatEllingsonLumberCompanyfor30yearsfromMarch1964toApril1994.SincehisretirementFultonhasenjoyedspendingtimewithhis11-year-oldblackdogSmokey.Thetwooftenhikethenearbymountains.Trindle’sknockonthedoorwalletinhandinduced导致/引发aslightrippleinhislifepromptinghimtoconsiderthetimeshehadn’tthoughtaboutinmanyyears.Wheredidallthetimesgo?Fultonsaidwithadeepsigh.It’shardtobelievethatthetimeshavegonesofast.31.Whenthewalletwasfoundit.A.wasstillingoodconditionB.wasalittledamagedC.hadjustlostcolorD.wasjustrepaired32.ThewalletwasimportanttoFultonbecause.A.hecouldgethisbicycleIDbackB.itcalleduphismemoriesofthepastC.itcouldhelphimtofindhisstudentIDD.itmadehimthinkofhisschooldays33.Fultonlostthewalletwhen.A.hewasdoinghishomeworkonthebalconybleachersB.hewasdoingsomeexerciseintheBakerMiddleSchoolgymC.hewasremovingthebleachersforrenovationsonJune17D.hewaswatchingabasketballmatchwithhisfriends34.AfterheretiredFulton.A.livedapeacefulandpleasantlifeB.oftenregrettedlosinghiswalletC.livedahardlifebyraisingdogsinthemountainsD.quitemissedhispastlife35.WhichofthefollowingmaybestdescribeFulton’sfeelingwhenthewalletwasreturned?A.Thankful.B.OverjoyeD.C.SurpriseD.D.Doubtful.
Oneineveryfiveyoungpeoplehasasleepproblemsoyou’renotalonE.Gettingenoughsleephasbecomeasimportantaseatingvegetablesandexercisingregularly.It’sveryimportantforyourbody.Mostyoungpeopleonlygetsevenhoursofsleepeachnightwhentheyactuallyneedninehours.Andmakingupforlostsleepduringtheweekbysleepingonweekendsdoesn’treallywork.Infactsleepinglateonweekendsmayactuallydoyoumoreharmthangoodifyouhavesleepproblems.Whathappensifyoudon’tgetenoughsleepIfyoursleepproblemcontinuesforafewnightsyoucouldsufferseriousproblems.Lackofsleepcanaffectlearningandmemory.Worseifyoursleepdifficultieslastalongtimethatcouldleadtoanxietyordepression抑郁.Thereforeyou’vegottohavesomehealthysleephabits.Belowaresomesuggestions●GOTOBEDATTHESAMETIME—includingweekendsifpossiblE.●WAKEUPAROUNDTHESAMETIMEEVERYMORNING.Whenyousleeplatejustonemorningduringtheweekitmaydisturbyourbodyclock.Thiswillmakeithardforyoutosleepthatnight.●DOSOMETHINGRELAXINGbeforegoingtobeD.●EXERCISEDURINGTHEDAY.Don’texerciserightbeforegoingtobeD.●AVOIDDRINKINGALCOHOL.AlcoholmakesyouexciteD.Thispreventsyoufromfallingasleeporwakesyouupduringthenight.●DON’TSMOKE.Smokingisalwaysbadforthebody.SmokingbeforebedtimekeepsyouawakE.Iftryingthesetipsoveracoupleofweeksdoesnothelpyouspeaktoyourdoctor.Donottakeanysleepingpillswithoutfirstaskingyourdoctor.Manyofthemhavestrongsideeffects.9.Howmanypeoplehaveasleepprobleminyourclassof40students?A.fivepeopleB.eightpeopleC.oneineveryfivepeopleD.everyone10.Accordingtothepassageifyouhavesleepproblemsforafewnightsyoucouldbe________.A.lonelyB.seriousC.forgetfulD.happy11.Thepassagesuggeststhatpeoplewithsleepproblemsshould______.A.eatvegetablesandexerciseregularlyB.makeupforlostsleeponweekendsC.followafixedtimetableforsleepD.sleepsevenhourseveryday12.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Manyyoungpeoplehavesleepproblems.B.Don’tsmokebeforesleeping.C.Howtokeephealthysleephabits.D.SmokingcanmakeyouawakE.
Howfitareyourteeth?Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?Neverfear:AninventorisonthecasE.AnelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrushanditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphonE.TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneoriPhoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushrightdon’tforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!andmakesureyou’rebrushinglongenough.It’skindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday-to-daybasissaysThomasServaltheFrenchinventor.Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphonesodeveloperscouldforinstancecreateagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyouteeth.WetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofunServalsays.Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.TheysaidyesbutServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.HedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrusheD.ThecompanysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummerfor$99to$199dependingonfeatures.TheU.S.isthefirsttargetmarket.Servalsaysthatonedayit’llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamerA.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.21.WhichisoneofthefeaturesoftheKolibreetoothbrush?A.Itcansensehowusersbrushtheirteeth.B.Itcantrackusers’schoolperformancE.C.Itcandetectusers’fearofseeingadentist.D.Itcanhelpusersfindtheirphones.22.WhatcanwelearnfromServal’swordsinParagraph3?A.Youwillfinditenjoyabletoseeadentist.B.Youshouldseeyourdentistonaday-to–daybasis.C.YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifguidedbyadentist.D.You’dlikeadentisttowatchyoubrushyourteetheveryday.23.WhichofthefollowingmightmaketheKolibreetoothbrushfun?A.Itcanbeusedtoupdatemobilephones.B.ItcanbeusedtoplaymobilephonegamesC.ItcansendmessagestootherusersD.Itcantalktoitsdevelopers.
Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallengingbutitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoachesparentsandotherteammatesaswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysicalemotionalorpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.BurnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyablE.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.ThesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplacE.Youngathletescanforexamplelearnhowtocooperatewithothersmakefriendsandgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeawareatalltimesthattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindaflaw缺陷inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsettingyoungathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.PositivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcomE.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Againcriticismcancreatehighlevelsofstresswhichcanleadtoburnout.6.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis______A.toreducetheirmentalstressC.tomakesportslesscompetitiveB.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccessD.tomakesportsmorechallenging7.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat____.A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsocietyB.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesC.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiencesD.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves8.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes______.A.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopmentB.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidenceC.inordertomakethemrememberlife'slessonsD.soastoputmorepressureonthem9.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould_____________.A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportsB.helpchildrentowineverygameC.trainchildrentocopewithstressD.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports10.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis____________.A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutB.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticismC.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildrenD.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement
Whileyourotherfoursensesareinexactpartsofthebodyyoursenseoftouchisfoundallover.Thisisbecauseyoursenseoftouchappearsinthebottompartofyourskincalledthedermis真皮.Thedermisisfilledwithmanytinynerve神经endingswhichgiveyouinformationaboutthethingsyoutouch.Theydothisbycarryingtheinformationtothespinalcord脊髓whichsendsmessagestothebrainwherethefeelingisformeD.ThenerveendinginyourskincantellyouifsomethingishotorcolD.Theycanalsofeelifsomethingishurtingyou.Yourbodyhasabouttwentydifferenttypesofnerveendingthatallsendmessagestoyourbrain.Howeverthemostcommonreceptors感受器areheatcoldpainandpressurereceptors.Painreceptorsareprobablythemostimportantforyoursafetybecausetheycanprotectyoubywarningyourbrainthatyourbodyisbeinghurt!Someareasofthebodyaremoresensitivethanothersbecausetheyhavemorenerveendings.Haveyoueverbittenyourtongueandwonderedwhyithurtsomuch?Itisbecausethesidesofyourtonguehavealotofnerveendingsthatareverysensitivetopain.HoweveryourtongueisnotasgoodatsensinghotorcolD.Thatiswhyitiseasytoburnyourmouthwhenyoueatsomethingreallyhot.YourfingertipsarealsoverysensitivE.ForexamplE.PeoplewhoareblindusetheirfingertipstoreadBraillebyfeelingthepatternsofraiseddotsontheirpaper.OurgroupreallyalearnedalotaboutthesenseswhilecreatingthiswebsitE.Wehopethatyouareabletogetjustasmuchoutofit.Pleasefeelfreetocommentaboutanythingonthesitebye-mailingus.Alsodon’tforgettosigntheguestbook!ThanksforvisitingoursitE.Comebacksoon!60.Thisarticleismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.newspaperB.magazineC.websiteD.novel61.Yourtonguehurtsverymuchwhenitisbittenbecause_______.A.therearenopainreceptorsinthetongueB.thetongueisverysensitivetopainC.thereisalotofbloodinsideofthetongueD.thesidesofyourtonguehavealotofnerveendings.62.Accordingtothisarticlewecaninferthat_______.A.thesenseoftouchisasexactastheothersensesB.thesenseoftouchisthemostimportantofallthesenseC.themorenerveendingsanorgan器官hasthemoresensitiveitisD.itistheskinthatgivesyouinformationaboutthethingsyoutouch
Badteethmaybepainfulandit’sgettingworsewithouttreatment.TheycanevenruinyourlifE.Illnessoftheteethcanfinditswayintothebloodsystem.Thiscanincreasethechancesofaheartdiseaseorotherillnesses.Expertssaygoodcareforteethshouldstartatbirth.Mothers’milkisthebestfoodforthehealthydevelopmentofteeth.Butdentistssayababy’smouthandearlyteethshouldbecleanedaftereachfeeding.Useaclothwithalittlewarmwater.DothesameifababyisfedwithabottlE.Expertssayifyoudecidetoputyourbabytosleepwithabottlegivehimonlywater.Whenbaby’steethbegintoappearyoucancleanthemwithawettoothbrush.Dentistssayitisimportanttofindsofttoothbrushesmadeespeciallyforbabiesandtousethemverygently.Youngchildrenofteneattoothpaste牙膏whentheybrushsotheyshouldbecarefullywatchedwhentheybrushtheirteeth.Parentsoftenaskwhateffectthumbsucking咬手指mighthaveontheirbaby’steeth.ExpertsgenerallyagreethatthisisfineearlyinlifE.Mostchildrenstopsuckingtheirthumbsbytheageoffour.Ifitcontinuesparentsshouldtalktotheirchildren’sdentistordoctor.DentistssaychildrenshouldhavetheirfirstdentalvisitbythetimetheyareoneyearolD.Theysaybabiesshouldbeexaminedwhentheirfirstteethappearusuallyataroundsixmonths.32.Whyshouldpeoplepayattentiontoteethproblems?A.Theycancauseotherillnesses.B.Theywillbringbadluck.C.TheywillbringthefamilymuchtroublE.D.TheyusuallylastalongtimE.33.Accordingtothewriterbaby’steethshouldbeprotectedfromtheday______.A.hebeginstospeakB.hehashisfirsttoothC.hewasbornD.heisfedwithbottlemilk34.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____.A.childrenarenotadvisedtobrushtheirteethB.drinkingwaterisbetterthanmilkbeforesleepingC.children’stoothbrushesarealwaysexpensiveD.thumbsuckingiscommonforkidsunderfiveyearsold35.TheunderlinedworditinParagraph5refersto_____.A.toothacheB.parents’troubleC.thumbsuckingD.experts’advice
Lotsofhumanfoodsaredangeroustopetsmanyofwhichmayseemtastytoourpetsbutcanprovedeadlyifeaten.Itcanbeveryappealingtoofferpetsfoodfromthetablebutpetsshouldnotbegivenhumanfoodunlessrecommendedbyveterinarians兽医.Ifyoususpectyourpetmayhaveeatenadangerousfoodcontactveterinariansimmediately.Inmanycasesearlyrecognitionandtreatmentareveryimportant.ChocolateCoffeeandCaffeineChocolatecontainstheobromineachemicalthatistoxic有毒的todogsinlargequantities.Chocolatealsocontainscaffeinewhichisfoundincoffeeteaandcertainsoftdrinks.DifferenttypesofchocolatecontaindifferentamountsoftheobromineandcaffeinE.Forexampledarkchocolateandbakingchocolatecontainmoreofthesecompounds化合物thanmilkchocolatesoadogwouldneedtoeatmoremilkchocolatetobecomeill.Howeverevenafewouncesofchocolatecanbeenoughtocauseillnessinasmalldogsonoamountortypeofchocolateshouldbeconsideredsafeforadogtoeat.Chocolatetoxicitycancausevomiting呕吐diarrhearapidorirregularheartraterestlessnessmuscletremorsandseizures.Deathcanoccurwithin24hoursofintakE.GrapesandRaisinsGrapesandraisinscancausesuddenkidneyfailurein.catsanddogs.Itisunknownwhatthetoxicagentisinthesefruits.Howeverclinical临床的signscanoccurwithin24hoursofeatingandincludevomitingdiarrheaandtiredness.Othersignsofillnessrelatetotheeventualshutdownofkidneyfunctioning.GarlicandOnionsGarlicandonionscontainchemicalsdamagingredbloodcellsincatsanddogs.Affectedredbloodcellscandamageorlosetheirabilitytocarryoxygeneffectively.Cookingthesefoodsdoesnotreducetheirpotentialtoxicity.Freshcookedand/orpowderedgarlicand/oronionsarecommonlyfoundinbabyfoodwhichissometimesgiventoanimalswhentheyaresicksobesuretoreadfoodlabelscarefully.Manycasesofhumanfoodtoxicityinpetsareaccidental.A.petmayfindandchewonapackageofgumorcandyorstealfoodfromacountertop灶台ortablE.Thebestwaytopreventthisistokeepallfooditem:inclosedcupboardorareasinaccessibletopets.Thismaybeparticularlydifficultduringtheholidayseasonwhenmorecandychocolatefruitbasketsandotherfooditem:arearounD.Duringthesetimesincreasedalertness警惕性canhelppreventpetsfindingandeatingdangerousfoods.Childrenshouldalsobetaughttonevergivecandygumorotherhumanfoodstopets.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Youcangivepetshumanfoodwiththerecommendationofveterinarians.B.Allhumanfoodsaredeadlytopets.C.ItisuselesstoturntoveterinariansafteryourpetshaveeatendangerousfooD.D.ItiseasytojudgewhetherapethaseatendangerousfooD.29.Whateffectdochocolateandgrapeshaveincommonifeatenbypets?A.Theybothcancausepets'suddenkidneyfailurE.B.TheybothcontaindifferentamountsoftheobromineandcaffeinE.C.Theybothcancausepetstovomit.D.Theybothcancausepets'heartstobeatirregularly.30.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Itissafeforpetstoeatcookedgarlicandonions.B.Babyfoodisalwayssafetopets.C.ManypetseatthehumanfoodbychancE.D.Affectedredbloodcellscan'tcarryoxygenatall.31.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthor'swritingthisarticle?A.Totellchildrennevertogivecandygumorotherhumanfoodtopets.B.TowarnusnottogivepetshumanfoodsaswelikE.C.Totellussomehumanfoodswhicharedangeroustopets.D.Tocallonustotakegoodcareofpets.
Everyoneknowsthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodisnotgoodtoourhealth.Yetwhatisitaboutjunkfoodthatissocompletelyirresistible无可抗拒的?Foronethingit’severywherE.FromchipsinfastfoodrestaurantstocandyinsupermarketsjunkfoodalwaysseemsavailablE.Thankfullyscienceisnowprovidingnewcluestohelpusreducesnacking.Makefriendswithdainty讲究的eaters.Studieshavefoundthatpeopletendtoincreaseorreducetheamountoffoodtheyeatdependingonwhattheircompanionsaretakingin.Seehappymoviesandalwaysgetthesmallerbagofpopcorn爆米花.Accordingtosomeexpertspeopleeatupto29%morepopcorniftheyarewatchingasadorseriousmoviecomparedtowhentheyarewatchingacomedy.Viewersconsumedalmost200caloriesmorewhensnackingfromalargebucketasopposedtowhengivenamedium-sizedcontainer.Eatbreakfast.Nutritionistshavegonebackandforth来来回回aboutthequestionofhowmuchtoeatinthemorningbutnewstudiessuggestthatconsumingagoodbreakfastisamust.Surveysonlong-termweight-lossshowthattwokeyfactorsinkeepingweightdownareeatingbreakfastandexercising.Divideyourfoodandconquerovereating.Anykindofdividingyourfoodintoportionsslowsdownyoureating.Anykindofmarkermakesyouawareofwhatyou’reeatingandofportionsizE.Researchersadvisereallocating再分配snackfoodsintosmallplasticbags.Itsoundssimplisticbutitworks.25.Whydopeopleeattoomuchjunkfoodthoughitisbadforourhealth?A.It’sdeliciousfromchipstocandy.B.It’seasilytakeneverywherE.C.Becauseit’savailablehereandtherE.D.It’seasilyboughtinfastfoodrestaurants.26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Peoplearelikelytoeatmorefoodwhenstayingwithfriends.B.Nutritionistshavethesameopinionabouthowmuchtoeatinthemorning.C.Peopleprefertosnakefromalargebucket.D.Ifpeoplearewatchingatragedytheyeatupto29%morepopcorn.27.Whatwillheorshedoifheorshewantstoloseweight?A.Toeatnothinginthemorning.B.ToeatbreakfastandexercisE.C.TogetupearlyandtogotobedlatE.D.Tosnackfromamedium-sizebucket.28.Whatisthetextmainlyabouttherules?A.howtoeatproperlyandhealthily.B.howtomakefriendswithdaintyeaters.C.howmuchtoeatinthemorning.D.howtocontrolovereating.
Theweatherisgettinghotter.Youarethirstyplayingbasketballorridinghomefromschool.A.colddrinkmaybejustthething.Butbecarefulwhatyouaredrinking.Somethingthatlookscoolmaynotbegoodforyourhealth.Thereareplentyofenergydrinksonthemarket.Mostofthemhavebeautifulcolorsandcoolnames.Thelistsonthemtellyoutheyarehelpfultoyourhealth.Soundsgreat!Butafteracarefulcheckyoumayfindthatmostenergydrinkshavelotsofcaffeine咖啡因inthem.Thesedrinksareespeciallyaimedatyoungpeoplestudentsbusypeopleandsportsplayers.MakerssometimessaytheirdrinksmakeyoubetteratsportsandcankeepyouawakE.Butbecarefulnottodrinktoomuch.Caffeinemakesyourheartbeatfast.BecauseofthistheInternationalOlympicCommitteehaslimited限制itsusE.CaffeineinmostenergydrinksisatleastasstrongasthatinacupofcoffeeorteA.Possiblehealthdangershavesomethingtodowithenergydrinks.Justoneboxofenergydrinkcanmakeyounervoushavedifficultysleepingandcanevencauseheartproblems.Scientistssaythatteenagersshouldbediscouragedfromtakingdrinkswithalotofcaffeineinthem.46.ManypeoplelikedrinkingenergydrinksbecauseofthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.A.theyhavebeautifulcolorsandcoolnamesB.theyhavelotsofcaffeineC.theycankeepthemawakeandbetteratsportsD.theyaresaidtobehelpfultohealth47.Themainreasonforpeoplenottodrinktoomuchenergydrinksisthattheymaycause_____.A.heartproblemsB.nervousnessC.sleepingdifficultyD.possiblehealthdangers48.Theunderlinedworddiscouragedcanbereplaced替换with________.A.encouragedB.stoppedC.helpedD.disliked49.Fromthepassagewecanknowthat_________.A.advertisementsareimportantingettingpeopletobuyenergydrinksB.energydrinksarehelpfultoteenagers'studyC.sportsplayersneedtodrinkalotofenergydrinksD.energydrinksareespeciallyaimedatteenagers50.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle标题ofthepassage?A.What'stheUseofEnergyDrinks?B.WhoCanDrinkEnergyDrinksC.What'sThatinEnergyDrinks?D.WhyCan'tWeBuyEnergyDrinks?
Manstillhasalottolearnaboutthemostpowerfulandcomplexpartofhisbody---thebrain.Itmaybesurprisingtolearnthatitisn'tagethatmakesyouloseyourmemory.ThereasoncouldbethatyouhavealazymemorynotanoldonE.LikeyourbodyyourmemoryimproveswithexercisE.Oncegivenplentyofexercisethebrainkeepsitspower.Beforediscussinghowtoimprovethememorylet'slookathowthebrainworks.Therearetwosidestothebraintheleftandtheright.Therightsidedealswiththesenseswhatweseehearfeelandsmell.It'sthecreativeandimaginativesidE.TheleftsideisconcernedwithlogiC.Itanalyzesinformationandputsitinorder.Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatweremembereverythingthathappenstous.Theproblemmostofushasisrecallingevents.Mostforgettingtakesplaceimmediatelyafterlearning.Anhourafterlearningsomethingnewmorethan50%hasbeenforgotten.Afteramonth80%hasbeenforgottenandsoon.Thisshowsrevisionisveryimportant.IfyourevisenewmaterialyouhavelearntyouremembermuchmorE.Soit'sofvitalimportancetorevisenewlylearnedmaterialoftenandhavefrequentbreaks.Webestrememberwhatwelearnatthebeginningofalearningperiodandatthepointwherewestop.Afterthebreakrevisewhatwaslearnedbeforethebreakandthencontinuelearningthenewmaterial.Thesebreaksshouldhappenevery20or45minutes.OtherexperimentshaveshownthebrainneedstimetodigestwhathasbeenlearneD.Thetimenecessaryforthisis5to10minutes.AfterthebreakthememorywillhaveabsorbedwhatithasjustlearnedandmorewillberemembereD.DuringthisperioditisimportanttoexercisetherightsideofthebrainbecausetheleftsideisusedduringthelearningperioD.Thereforeyoushouldrelax.Listeningtomusicbreathinginfreshairandlookingatapictureareallwaysofusingtheothersideofthebrain.Sowhenyouarestudyingalonemakeaplanwhichshowswhentohavebreaksandtorevisenewlylearnedmaterialimmediatelybeforeyoubeginstudyingagain.Ifyoudointhiswayyourmemorywillimprove32.Accordingtothetextyouloseyourmemoryby___.A.gettingtoooldB.hardlyusingyourbrainC.workingtoohardD.usingyourbraintoomuch33.Tofightforgettingeffectivelywe'readvisedto___.A.gobacktowhatwaslearnedregularlyB.breakdownmaterialsintosmallpiecesC.focusonbothendsofalearningperiodD.takebreakstogivethebrainagoodrest34.Duringthelearningprocessthebrainneedbreaksto___.A.usetherightsideofthebrainB.revisenewlylearntmaterialsC.takeinwhathasbeenlearntD.relaxtheleftsideofthebrain35.Whereisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Sciencefictions.B.Students'literaturE.C.Anadvertisement.D.A.sciencereport.
LifeexpectancyisrisinginmuchoftheworlD.Butdoctorsareseeinganothertrendthatisdisturbing.Somepeoplearechoosinglifestylesthatcontributetoearlydeath.Itusedtoberareforpeopletoliveto100.Butbabiesborncanhopetolivethatlong.Inthe20thcenturylifeexpectancyinwealthynationsincreasedbyasmuchas30years.AveragelifeexpectancyforAmericansis78.Butdoctorsareseeingpeopleadoptbadhabitsthatcancuttheirlivesshortlikeeatingtoomuchoreatingtoomuchjunkfoodexercisingtoolittleandsmokingcigarettes.Thesehabitsincreasetheriskforcancerdiabetes糖尿病heartdiseaseandstroke中风.Researcherswantedtofindouthowmanyyearsarelostwiththeselifestylechoices.Whatwefoundwasthathighbloodpressure;smokingoverweight/obesityandhighbloodglucose血糖accountforfiveyearsoflossoflifeexpectancyinmenandaboutfouryearsinwomenatthenationallevelGoodarzDanaeisaiD.Theresearchersbrokedownthedataintoraceincomeandlocaleandtheyfoundevengreaterdifferences.MiddleincomewhiteshavethebestbloodpressurE.ButAsianAmericanshavefewerbadhabitsandthebesthealth.Theresearchersfounda14yeardifferenceinlifeexpectancybetweenAsianAmericanandAfricanAmericanmenwhocanexpecttoliveanaverageof67years.AfricanAmericanmeninthesouthhavethelowestlifeexpectancyalongwithAfricanAmericanmenlivinginhighriskurbanareasplaceslikedowntownLosAngelesDanaeiexplaineD.AfricanAmericanwomenareanothergroupwithlowlifeexpectancybecauseoftheirhighratesofobesity.Peoplebattlingexcessweighthavehigherratesofdisabilitydiabetesandheartdisease—disordersthatmakethemsickeratyoungeragesanddependentonmedicationsformanyyears.33.Howmanybadlifestylesarementionedinthepassage?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.34.Whydoesthewritersaybabiesborncanhopetoliveto100?A.Becausenewlybornbabieshaven'tcreatetheirlifestyles.B.Becausenewlybornbabiesarebetterinhealth.C.Becausenewlybornbabiesliveinawealthycountry.D.BecausenewlybornbabiescangetmorefrompeoplE.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTrightaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.ManyAfricanAmericanwomenareoverweight.B.Howtofightagainstoverweightisstillaproblem.C.Youngpeopleareeasytogetoverweight.D.Overweightisonecausetoshortlifeexpectancy.
HabitswhethergoodorbadaregraduallyformeD.WhenapersondoesacertainthingagainheisdrivenbysomeunseenforcetodothesamethingrepeatedlythenahabitisformeD.Onceahabitisformeditisdifficultandsometimesimpossibletogetridof.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatweshouldpaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.ChildrenoftenformbadhabitssomeofwhichremainwiththemaslongastheylivE.Olderpersonsalsoformbadhabitslastingaslongastheyliveandsometimesbecomeruinedbythem.Thereareotherhabitswhichwhenformedinearlylifeareofgreathelp.Manysuccessfulmensaythatmuchoftheirsuccesshassomethingtodowithcertainhabitsinearlylifesuchasearlyrisinghonestyandsoon.Amongthehabitswhichchildrenshouldnotformarelazinesslyingstealingandsoon.Thesearealleasilyformedhabits.Unfortunatelyolderpersonsoftenformhabitswhichcouldhavebeenavoided.Weshouldkeepawayfromallthesebadhabitsandtrytoformsuchhabitsaswillbegoodforourselvesandothers.1.________areformedlittlebylittlE.A.GoodhabitsB.BadhabitsC.BothgoodhabitsandbadhabitsD.Eithergoodhabitsorbadhabits2.Theunderlinedwordtheminthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A.badhabitsB.goodhabitsC.childrenD.otherpersons.3.Whyshouldwepaymuchattentiontotheformationofhabits?A.Becausehabitsareofgreathelptoeveryoneofus.B.Becauseamancannevergetridofahabit.C.Becauseit'shardandsometimesevenimpossibletothrowawaybadhabits.D.Becauseweareforcedtodothemagainandagain.4.Accordingtothepassageearlyrising________.A.hassomethingtodowithsuccessB.isaneasilyformedhabitC.issuchahabitasshouldhavebeenavoidedD.issuchahabitaswillbekept
TherehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercisE.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan’thelpputtingonweightastheygetolderwhileothersholdthatiftheystopexercisingtheirmuscleswillturnintofat.Herearesomemoremyths:I’llneverloseweight-IcomefromafatfamilyWrong!Whilewecan’tchangethebodytypewearebornwithwecan’tblameourgenesformakingusfat.There’splentyofevidencethatfatnessrunsinfamiliesandthemainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitsofeatingtoomuchandexercisingtoolittlE.IamfatbecauseIburncaloriesslowly.Wrong！Fatnessisnotcausedbyaslowmetabolism新陈代谢.Infactalthoughfatpeopleconsumemoreenergythanslimpeopletheyalsofailtorealizehowmuchtheyeat!Keepingadiarycanhelpyouworkoutyourdailyfoodintakemoreaccurately.ExerciseisboringWrong!Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Thekeyistodevelopabalancedandvariedprogramthat’sfunaswellasprogressivE.IfyouenjoyaSundaywalktakeadifferentroutE.Ifyoudoyogatryataichiclass.IfyoulikeexerciseregularlysetyourselfadistanceortimechallengE.NopainnogainWrong!Exerciseisnotmeanttohurt.Indeedpainisyourbodytellingyousomething’swrongandcontinuingtoexercisecouldleadtoseriousinjury.Youmayexperiencemilddiscomfortasyoubegintoexerciseregularlybutthisisyourbodyadaptingtothepositivechangesinyourlifestyleandtheachesshoulddisappearrelativelyquickly.Iftheydon’trestandseekmedicaladvicE.29.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutbeingfat?A.Itisthefamilygenesthatmakepeoplefat.B.Peoplearefatbecausetheyconsumetoolittleenergy.C.A.diaryofexercisecanpreventpeoplefrombecomingfat.D.Itistheresultofpeople’sunbalancedlifestylE.30.Accordingtotheauthorhowcanwemakeexercisemoreinteresting?A.BytakingdifferentexercisE.B.BychoosingsimpleexercisE.C.BydoingregularexercisE.D.BystickingtooutdoorexercisE.31.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutNopainnogaininexercising?A.Keepingfitisbasicallyapainfulexperience.B.Exerciseshouldbestoppedifcontinuouspainisfelt.C.Paininexerciseisamustforreachingyourgoal.D.Gettingusedtopainleadstopositivechangesinyourbody.32.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toshowtheimportanceofkeepingfit.B.Tomakesomefalseideasaboutkeepingfitclear.C.Toprovewhathaslongbeenbelievedaboutkeepingfit.D.ToexplainsomemedicalfactsaboutbeingfatanddoingexercisE.
AntibioticsinsulinorgantransplantationHIVtreatmentsandheart-bypasssurgeries—itreadslikeanA.toZofmedicalprogress.Butthemajorprogresshassomethingincommon:theywerealldevelopedandtestedbyusinganimals.Actuallyanimalsareusedforresearchinavarietyofsettings.Whetherornothumansshoulduseanimalsfortestingpurposeshoweverisacontroversialsubject.Animaltestingallowsresearcherstodevelopnewmedicineandtreatmentsadvancingthefieldofmedicineandimprovingthehealthofsociety.ForexamplemanydrugsusedtotreatorpreventcancerHIVdiabetesetchaveresultedfromtestsperformedonanimals.Manyadvocatorsofanimaltestingsupportthepracticeforthisreasoneveniftheydonotsupporttestingcosmeticsorothernon-essentialsubstancesonanimals.NoonechoosestouseanimalswherethereinnoneeD.Infactanimalresearchhascontributedto70percentofNobelprizesforphysiologyormedicinE.Animaltestingalsoenablesscientistsandresearcherstotestthesafetyofmedicineandothersubstanceswithwhichhumanshaveregularcontact.DrugsforexamplemaycreatesignificantriskstohumanssotestingthemonanimalsfirstgivesresearchersachancetodeterminetheirsafetybeforehumantrialsareperformeD.Whilescientistsunderstandthedifferencesbetweenhumansandanimalsthesimilaritiesareconsideredsignificantenoughtoproducerelevantdatathattheycanthenapplytohumans.Thisanimaltestingreducesharmtohumansandsaveslivesnotonlybecausetheexposuretoriskysubstancesisminimizedbutbecausesomenewmedicineandtreatmentshavepositiveeffectsonhumans’overallqualityoflifE.Howeverasignificantnumberofanimalsareharmedordieasaresultofexperimentsandtesting.Unfortunatelymanyofthesubstancesusedonanimalsubjectsneverreceiveapprovalforhumanuseorconsumption.Thosewhoopposeanimaltestingconsiderthisaveryimportantpointbecausesavinghumansfromsufferingisnoexcuseforthedeathoflaboratoryanimals.OpponentsalsoarguethatanimalsaredissimilarenoughfromhumanstomaketheresultsofanimalstestsunreliablE.RelatedcriticismisthattestingcausesstressinanimalsmeaningthattheydonotreacttoexperimentalsubstancesinthesamewaythattheymightinnaturalcircumstancesmakingtheresultsofexperimentslessvalidUsinganimalsasresearchsubjectsisalsoexpensivebecausetheyrequirefoodsheltercareandtreatmentinadditiontothecostsofexperimentalsubstances.Long-termormulti-stagetestscanincreasethecostsofthepracticeaswell.Theactualpricepaidforanimalsisalsoworthconsidering.Inthisrespectresearcherstakeonanadditionalburden.TitleShouldHumansExperimentonAnimals?IntroductionMany__71____havebeenmadeonmedicalresearchbyusinganimaltesting__72_______aboutanimaltestingPeople_73_____upforitlNewmedicineandtreatmentscanbedevelopeD.lAdvancementsinthefieldofmedicineand_74_________inhumans’healthcanbemadE.lResearcherscan___75_____patientsthesafetyofnewtreatmentsandmedicinE.lScientistscancollectresearchdatain____76_______withhumans’medicalproblem.lHarmdonetohumanswillbereducedtothe__77____andmoreliveswillbesaveD.PeopleopposingitlTheexperimentsmayputmanyanimals’livesat__78_______.lExperimentsmaynot_____79_____producereliableresultsbecauseanimalsdonotreactnormallyunderstress.lResearcherswillbe___80________withtheextracostsofanimalsandtheircarE.
Theworldhasafastgrowingpopulationandpeopleneedmorelandforhousesfactorieshighwaysandsoon.Thefarmlandisdecreasingwitheachpassingday.Howtomeettheneedoffeedingthegrowingpopulation?Onewayistointroducesomehigh-outputgeneintoacroptoenableittoproducemorE.BiologistsovertheyearshavediscoveredgeneswhichcanraiseoutputofthecropsresistpestsimprovetasteetC.HoweverinmanywesterncountriesthereiswidespreadconcernoverthesafetyofGeneticallyModifiedGM转基因foodsbecausetheythinktheremaybeseriousproblemsofenvironmenthealthsafetymoralityandsoon.AsascientistImustadmitGMfoodsinvolvegreatriskstohumans.InfactinEuropethey’recalledFrankensteinfoodsbymany.Frankensteinisacharacterinanovel.Hewasaverycleverscientist.Hecreatedamonster怪物whicheventuallykilledhim.Soybeanscanbemadeintomanyfoods.Howeverit’shardtotracethem.Thereforeit’sveryimportantwehavetomakesurethesoybeanifgeneticallymodifiedisfreefromanypoisonousmatterharmfultohumanbeings.Forthisweneedverygoodtesting.Wedohavesometestingonsomeanimalsbutnocompletelysatisfactorytestinghaseverbeenmadesofar.They’reentirelynewandtheirproblemsareentirelyunknown.Ittakestimetodeveloppersuasiveteststoknowwhetherthey'reharmfultousornot.WemaynotbeabletotellwhatmayhappenifwetakeGMfoods.Someofthemmayberesistanttoantibiotics抗生素.ThenmanyofthemedicineswehavetodaywillhavenoeffectonpeopleeatingGMfoods.AmorelikelycaseistheGMfoodsmaycontaingenessomepeopleareallergicto.GMproductshavealreadycomeintoourlivesbutmostpeopleevenknownothingaboutit.Atleastwehavetobeclearaboutwhatweareeating.TheChinaConsumersAssociationiscallingforlabeling标注onGMfoodssothatconsumerswillknowbeforetheybuythem.50.ThechiefpurposeofdevelopingGMfoodsisto_.A.makethefoodsmuchcheaperB.feedthefastgrowingpopulationC.makethefoodsmuchtastierD.killpestsonthecrops51.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat___________.A.FrankensteinfoodscanmakepeoplecleverB.manyEuropeansrejectGMfoodsC.GMfoodsareverypopularinEuropeD.FrankensteinwasascientistcreatingGMfoods52.TheunderlinedphrasetracetheminParagraph4probablymeans.A.findtheirmarketB.raisetheirqualityC.enjoytheirtasteD.findtheirorigins53.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutGMfoods?A.SometimesconsumerscanhardlytellGMsoybeansfromnaturalones.B.ThetestingshowsGMsoybeanfoodsarefreefrompoisonousmatter.C.GMfoodsprovetobesafetohumansaftersometestingonanimals.D.GMfoodsproblemshavebeenknownaftertestingonanimals.54.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.GMfoodsmakeantibioticsfailtofunctionproperly.B.PeopleeatingGMfoodswillsufferfromfoodallergies.C.PeopleshouldbeinformedofwhichfoodsareGMfoods.D.AsGMfoodsaresafeatpresentthey’recertainlysafelateron.
TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystherehasbeenasharpincreaseinthenumberofover-weightchildrenindevelopingcountries.InAfricancountriestheWHOsaysthenumberofover-weightorobesechildrenistwiceashighasitwas20yearsago.Aroundtheworldabout43millionchildrenundertheageoffivewereoverweightin2013.Overweightandobesechildrenaremorelikelytobecomeoverweightandobeseadults.Theconditioncangenerateserioushealthproblemslikeheartdiseases.FrancescoBrancaisthedirectoroftheWHODepartmentofNutritionforHealthandDevelopment.Hesaysurbanlifestylemakespeopleeatprocessedfoodmoreoftenwhichhasahighsugarfatandsaltcontent.Healsosayspeoplearegainingweightbecauseoftheirlackofactivities.Theytravelincarsorothervehiclesmorethanonfoot.TheWHOexpertssaytolowerobesityratesisespeciallycomplexincountriesthatalsodealwithhighratesofinfectiousdiseases.TheWHOhassomebasicsolutionsforindividualsandcountries.Theorganizationsaysyoushouldloweryourintakeoffatsugarsaltandprocessedfoodandeatmorefruitsvegetablesandincreasephysicalactivity.TheWHOsaystheseactionsareespeciallyimportantforchildren.AndWHOexpertBrancasaysmothersshouldbreastfeedtheirbabiesforatleastthefirstsixmonthsoflifeifpossible.Moreimportantlygovernmentsshouldconsiderprovidingvitaminsforchildrenandeducationalcampaignsaboutproblemslinkedtoobesitywouldalsohelp.Inhisviewgovernmentpoliciesshoulddealwithhowfoodismarketedtochildrenandfoodproducersmustbalancequalityandtastewiththedangersofsugarfatandsalt.Reducingthenumberofoverweightchildrenwillnotbeeasy.Thegoalisdifficulttomeeteveninwealthycountries.headds.1.WhatisthemainideaofParagraphl?A..Overweightchildrenindevelopingcountrieshaveincreasedgreatly.B..Childrenindevelopingcountriesgenerallyweightoomuch.C..Thenumberofoverweightchildrenintheworldhasdoubled.D..TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasincreasedgreatly.2.AccordingtoBrancapeoplearebecomingoverweightbecauseoftheirchangesin_______A..schooleducationB..transportationC..physicalconditionD..lifestyles3.TheunderlinedwordgenerateinParagraph2probablymeans______.A..cureB..causeC..worsenD..prevent4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.A..babiesbreastfedaren’tlikelytobecomeoverweightB..foodproducersshouldbestoppedfrommarketingfoodtochildrenC..governmentsshouldplayanecessaryroleinfightingobesityD..thenumberofoverweightchildrendecreaseseasilyinwealthycountries
Healthcampaignsaimedatkeepingteensandothersfromdrinkinganddrivingsmokingandotherriskybehaviorsoftenuseshameandguilttogettheirmessagesacross.Butanewstudyfindsanti－drinkingadvertisementscanactuallyleadsomeaudiencestoincreasingbingedrinking酗酒.ThesituationisworsethanwastedmoneyoreffortsaidresearcherAdamDuhachek.Theseadsfinallymaydomoreharmthangoodbecausetheyhavethepotentialtocausemoreofthebehaviorthey'retryingtoprevent.Theconventionalwisdomfrompeoplewhodesigntheseadsis‘Ifwescarepeopleenoughit'salwaysgoingtobeagoodthing.’DuhacheksaiD.Butwe'veshowntherearecircumstanceswheretheyarenotonlyeffectivebutcauseastrongnegativereactionthatleadspeopleactuallytodrinkingmorethantheywouldiftheywereexposedtotheads.Theytestedtwoadvertisementsthatshowedthebackofapersonhuggingatoiletbowl抽水马桶afteranightofdrinking.Oneadvertisementtheguilt－inducingoneincludedinformationaboutthenegativeconsequencesaperson'sdrinkingcouldhaveonfriendsandfamilysuchascausingcaraccidents.Theothershame－inducingadvertisementshowedwhatfriendsandfamilywouldseeincludingwatchingthedrunkpersongetintoacaraccidentorgetarresteD.Toworkoutwhytheadvertisementsmightincreasedrinkingtheresearchersaskedparticipantshowlikelytheythoughtitwasthattheyandotherswouldsufferthenegativeconsequencesofdrinkingsuchasgettingintofightsorgettingsick.Studentswhosawtheadvertisementswerelesslikelytothinktheywereatriskthanothergroups.Inanotherpartofthestudystudentswhohadlookedattheadvertisementstendedtoratetheirfriendsasbeingatriskofthenegativeconsequencesbutnotthemselves.Duhachek'sadviceIfyouwanttopositivelyinfluencedrinkingmakesurethecampaignsconveyboththeterribleconsequencesandaninspiringmessagE.Ifyou'regoingtotrytoarousefeartemper使缓和itwiththeideathatthedangercanbeavoidedhesaiD.It'salwaysbesttouseacarrotalongwiththestick.32.AccordingtoDuhachekthepresentanti－drinkingadvertisementsusually________.A.areagooduseofmoneyandeffortB.leadtotheresultsthedesignersintendedC.attempttofrightenpeopleoutofriskybehaviorsD.causepeopletofeelashamedandguilty33.Duhacheksupportshisargumentby________.A.tellinganinterestingstoryaboutdrinkersB.presentingtheresultsofhisstudyC.describinganaccidentD.testingtheideabyreasoning34.WhichofthefollowingwouldDuhachekagreewith?A.Carrotscanreducethenegativeeffectsofdrinking.B.Severepunishmentshouldbegiventodrinkers.C.Drinkersshouldattendalcohol－addictionprograms.D.Bothinspiringmessagesanddangershouldbeconveyedbyadvertisements.35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Anti－drinkingadvertisementsleadtomoredrinkinginsomepeoplE.B.Anti－drinkingadvertisementsleadtomorecaraccidents.C.Peoplefeelguiltyafterviewinganti－drinkingadvertisements.D.ManypeoplethinktheyareatgreaterriskfromdrinkingthantheirfriendsarE.
Howwouldyouliketosleepwithonehalfyourbrainasleepandtheotherhalfawake?Dolphinssleepthisway.RecentlyscientistsatIndianaStateUniversityhavediscoveredthatduckssleepthiswaytoo.TheyfoundthatduckssleephalfawakesotheycanrestandwatchfordangeratthesametimE.Afterputtingtheirducksinarowandvideotapingthemsomeresearchersfoundducksontheendofeachrowspentmoretimeasleepwithoneeyeopenlookingforpredators.ThemoretheducksfeltthreatenedthemoretheysleptwithoneeyeopensaidleadauthorNielsC.RattenborgagraduatestudentatIndianaStateUniversitytheuniqueisnotthattheydoitbutthattheycontrolit.Whentheysleepattheedgeofagrouptheytendtorealizegreaterdangersotheyspendmoretimesleepingwithonehalfoftheirbrain.DuckswithoneeyeopenwerestillawakeenoughtowatchoutforpredatorssaidtheauthorsofthestudywhichappearstodayinthejournalNaturE.Theresearchersstudiedfourgroupsoffourducksinboxeswhichwerearrangedinarow.Ducksontheendwerefoundtosleepwithoneeyeopen31.8percentofthetimecomparedto12.4percentofthetimeforducksinthecentralposition.Alsoducksinthecentralpositiondidnotopenoneeyemorethantheotherswhileducksoneachendkepttheeyefacingawayfromthegroupopen86.2percentofthetimE.Brainwavereadingsoftheducksshowedthatthehalfofthebrainreceivingsignalsfromtheclosedeyeindicatedthathalfofthebrainwassleeping.Signalsfromthehalfofthebrainreceivingsignalsfromtheopeneyeshowedtheyarebetweenfullyawakeandasleep.32.Itwasdiscoveredthat.A.dolphinssleepontheirwayB.duckscansleephalfawakeC.mostpeoplewouldliketobehalfasleepD.duckshavedifferentsleepinghabitsfromeachother33.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Duckswithoneeyeopenattheedgecanstillenjoyacertaindegreeofsleep.B.Duckswithlesssenseofdutyusuallychoosetostayinthecenterofarow.C.Avideotaperecorderwastheonlyelectronicdeviceusedintheexperiment.D.Ducksonthenorthernendofarowwouldkeeptheireyefacingthesouthopen.34.Apredatorismostlikelytobe.A.ananimalthathuntskillsandeatsotheranimalsB.ahumanbeingwholooksafterandfeedsducksC.ascientistwhodoesresearchworkonanimalsD.ananimalthatislikelytobefriendswithducks35.Howmanyduckswereusedintheexperiment?A.Four.B.Eight.C.TwelvE.D.Sixteen.
Deathisnaturalbutdoyouhaveanyideaoftheprocessofdying?Modernscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintotwophases---clinicalortemporarydeathandbiologicaldeath.Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorganssuchastheheartorlungshaveceasedtofunctionbuthavenotsufferedpermanentdamage.Theorganismcanstillberevived复活.Biologicaldeathoccurswhenchangesintheorganismleadtothebreakingupofvitalcellsandtissues.Deathisthenunchangeableandfinal.Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytoprolongtheperiodofclinicaldeathsothattheorganismcanremainalivebeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.Thebestmethoddevelopedsofarinvolvescoolingoftheorganismcombinedwithnarcoticsleep.Byslowingdownthebody’smetabolism新陈代谢coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath.Toillustratehowthisworksscientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKeta.ThescientistputKetatosleepwithanarcotic.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegancheckingherbodytemperature.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthescientistsbegandrainingbloodfromanartery.Themonkey’sbloodpressuredecreasedandanhourlaterboththeheartandbreathingstopped:clinicaldeathsetin.FortwentyminutesKetaremainedinthisstate.Hertemperaturedroppedto22degrees.Atthispointthescientistspumpedbloodintoanarteryinthedirectionoftheheartandstartedartificialbreathing.AftertwominutesKeta’sheartbecameactiveoncemore.Afterfifteenminutesspontaneous自发的breathingbeganandafterfourhoursKetaopenedhereyesandliftedherhead.AftersixhourswhenthescientiststriedtogiveherapenicillininjectionKetaseizedthesyringeandranwithitaroundtheroom.Herbehaviordifferedlittlefromthatofahealthyanimal.1.Forapersonwhosuffersfromtheclinicaldeath_________.A..hismostimportantorgansaredamaged.B..hestillhasthepossibilityofgettingbacktolife.C..hecannotavoidfinaldeath.D..heisstillverymuchalive2.Scientiststrytomakethetimeofclinicaldeathlongerinorderto__________.A..slowdownthebody’smetabolism.B..bringvitalcellsandtissuesbacktoactivelife.C..cooltheorganism.D..delaythecomingofbiologicaldeath.3.HowdidthescientistsputKetaintoclinicaldeath?A..Byputtinghertosleeploweringhertemperatureanddrainingherblood.B..Bysurroundingherbodywithice-bagsanddrainingherblood.C..Bylowingherbloodpressureandstoppingherheartfrombeating.D..Bydrainingherbloodloweringherbloodpressureandstoppingherbreathing.4.Allofthefollowingindicatethatthemonkeyhasalmostrestoredtoheroriginalphysicalstateexceptthefactthat__________.A..herheartbeatagain.B..sheregainedhernormalbreath.C..sherejectedapenicillininjection.D..sheactedaslivelyasahealthymonkey.
DyslexiaisaproblemthatrestrictstheabilitytorecognizewordsandconnectsoundswithletterswhenpeoplereaD.PeoplewiththislearningdisordermayalsohaveproblemswhentheywritE.DyslexiaisnotrelatedtoeyesightorintelligencE.TheprobleminvolvesareasofthebrainthatprocesslanguagE.Brainscientistsarestudyingwhethertheycanpredictwhichyoungchildrenmaystrugglewithreadingtoprovidethemwithearlyhelp.JohnGabrieliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyisleadingthestudyoffive-year-oldsinabouttwentyschoolsintheBostonareA.Theystudiedintheschoolswithkindergartens.Andforallthechildrenjoininginthestudytheygivethemabriefsetofpaper-and-pencilteststolookatwhichchildrenappeartobeatsomeriskforstrugglingtoreaD.Sofarfiftyofthemhavebeenexaminedinascanneraspecialmachinetoshowbrainactivity.Writtentestsarenotalwaysabletoidentifydyslexiaorotherproblemswhilebrainscansmayofferamorescientificwaytoidentifyproblems.Andwithreadingproblemsearlyidentificationisimportant.WhenitcomestohelpingchildrenovercomereadingdifficultiestheyoungerthechildthemoreeffectivetheyarE.ReadingproblemsarenotusuallyidentifieduntilachildisinthethirdorfourthgradE.Thelaterchildrenarerecognizedaspoorreadersthelesstreatmentcanhelp.AndasProfessorGabrielipointsoutpoorreadingcanmakeeducationastrugglE.Readingiseverything.Evenmathandsciencehavetextbooks.Whilethechildrenaregiventasksrelatedtoreadingthebrainscansmeasuretheextenttowhichcertainpartsofthebrainbecomeactivewhilethechildrendothework.Thescientistssaytheyarepleasedwithearlyresultsfromthestudybuthavealongwaytogo.24.Dyslexiaaffectsthepartofbrainconcerning________.A.eyesightB.intelligenceC.languageD.emotion25.Dyslexiaproblemsaremorelikelytobeidentifiedthrough________.A.speechcontestsB.readingefficiencyC.listeningcomprehensionD.brainscans26.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingshasthebesttimetoovercomereadingdifficulties?A.Tomaboyinthekindergarten.B.Kateahighschoolleaver.C.Janeaprimaryschoolstudent.D.Steveamaninhisthirties.27.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AneffectivewaytoidentityDyslexiaatanearlystagE.B.A.learningdisorderinvolvingone’sintelligencE.C.Dyslexia—aproblemaffectingone’sreadingandwriting.D.A.possiblesolutiontotheproblemsrelatedtoDyslexiA.
HowdiditmakeyoufeelwhenyoulearnedthatKFC’sBeijingrestaurantspulledthreemoreitemsfromtheirmenulastweek?TherewerefearsthattheitemsmayhavecontainedthecancercausingcolouringSudanⅠ.Doyouhaveanydesiretotakethefoodprovidertocourtbecauseitfedyousomethingdangerous?Afterallthelawsupposedlygivespeopletherighttofightfortheirrights.Butsomeexpertshavesaiditmightnotbesowisetogodirectlytocourt.QiuBaochangalawyerinBeijingsuggestedthatconsumersdealwiththeproblembyconsultingKFC.Inadditiontothehighcostsconsumers’complaintsareunlikelytowintheircaseunlesstheycanprovetheyhavehadthebanneddyeatKFCQiuexplaineD.Oneproblemforthosewantingtotakeactionagainstthefastfoodchainisthatfewcustomersaskfororkeepreceipts.Andthisisjustthefirststep.IftheycanprovethattheirhealthhasbeendamagedbyKFCtheycansue控告thecompany.ButthatwouldbealmostimpossibletodosobecausetheSudanⅠdamageisalongtermeffectandisnotimmediatelyapparent.AKFCspokespersonsaidonMondaythatthecompanywasconfidentofbeingabletohandlecustomerscomplaints:Wewillobeylegalprocedureifwereceiveanycomplaints.24.WhydidKFCsBeijingrestaurantspullthreemoreitemsfromtheirmenus?______A.Becausethecompanywasafraidofnotbeingabletohandlecustomers’complaints.B.BecausecolouringSudanⅠmayhavebeencontainedinthoseitems.C.BecausetheKFC’srestaurantswereaccusedofsellingpoisonousfoodtothecustomers.D.Becausetheseitemswerenolongerpopularwiththecustomers.25.Thereasonwhytheexpertsuggestednotgoingdirectlyintocourtisthat______.A.thecostswillbehighB.consumerscantprovethefoodcontainedSudanⅠC.consumerscantprovethefoodatKFCdamagedtheirhealthD.alloftheabove26.Thispassagemostprobablyappearsin______.A.anoticeB.abookonfoodC.astorybookD.anewspaper27.Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?______A.KFC’sBeijingrestaurantspulledthreemoreitemsfromtheirmenuslastweek.B.HowtheconsumersdealtwiththeKFCproblem.C.HowKFChandledthecustomerscomplains.D.Consumersneverforgottoaskfororkeepreceipts.
Abouttenmenineveryhundredsufferfromcolorblindnessinsomeway.Womenareluckier;onlyaboutoneintwohundredisaffected影响inthismatter.Perhapsafterallitissafertobedrivenbyawoman!Therearedifferentformsofcolorblindness.InsomecasesamanmaynotbeabletoseedeepreD.Hemaythinkthatredorangeandyellowareallshadowsofgreen.Sometimesapersoncannottellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen.Inrarecasesanunluckymanmayseeeverythinginshadesofgreen－astrangeworldindeeD.Colorblindnessinhumanbeingsisastrangethingtoexplain.Inasingleeyetherearemillionsofverysmallthingscalledcones.Thesehelpustoseeinabrightlightandtotelldifferencebetweencolors.Therearealsomillionsofrodsbuttheseareusedforseeingwhenitisneardark.Theyshowusshapebutnocolor.Someinsectshavefavoritecolors.Mosquitoespreferbluetoyellow.A.redlightwillnotattractinsectsbutabluelampwill.Inasimilarwayhumanbeingsalsohavefavoritecolors.Yetwearelucky.Withtheaidoftheconesinoureyeswecanseemanybeautifulcolorsbydayandwiththeaidoftherodswecanseeshapesatnight.Onedaywemayevenlearnmoreabouttheinvisiblecolorsaroundus.16.Thepassageismainlyabout_____________.A.coloranditssurprisingeffects.B.womenbeingluckierthanmenC.dangercausedbycolorblindnessD.colorblindness17.Accordingtothepassagewiththehelpoftheconeswecan_______________.A.telldifferentshapesB.seeinaweaklightC.killmosquitoesD.tellorangefromyellow18.Whydosomepeoplesayitissafertobedrivenbywomen?A.Womenaremorecareful.B.Therearefewercolor-blindwomenC.Womenarefonderofdrivingthanmen.D.Womenareweakerbutquickerinthinking.19.Whichofthestatementsaboutthecolor-blindistrue?A.Notallofthemhavethesameprobleminrecognizingcolor.B.NoneofthemcanseedeepreD.C.Noneofthemcantellthedifferencebetweenblueandgreen.D.Allofthemseeeverythinginshadesofgreen.
Hypothermiawhichmeansastateinwhichthebody'stemperatureisbelow35.0°Cisthecauseofatleast1500deathsayearintheUnitedStates.Itismorecommoninolderpeopleandmales.HypothermiacanbemildmoderateorseverE.Mildhypothermiaissomethingthatmostpeopleincoldclimateshaveexperiencedatonetimeoranother.Youfeelsocoldthatyourbodystartstoshake--notverymuchbutuncontrollably.Thetreatmentformildhypothermiastartswithgettingoutofthecoldandifnecessarychangingintodryclothes.Drinkingwarmnon-alcoholicliquidsandeatingsomethingsugarycanstoptheshivering.Takingawarmbathorsittingbyafireordoingsomeexercisecanalsohelpthebodywarmup.Theseareallcommon-sensetreatments.ButtreatmentneedstochangewhenpeopleenterthemoderateorseverestagesofhypothermiA.Inthatsituationtheirbodytemperaturedropsbelowthirty-fivedegreesCelsius.Theylosetheabilitytothinkclearly.Theirmusclesbecomestiff.Theymightbumpintothingsorfalloverobjects.Membersofsearch-and-rescueteamswillfirsttrytopreventadditionalheatloss.Theywillplaceextracoveringaroundthechestheadandneckofhypothermiavictimstokeepthemwarm.HypothermiavictimsneedmedicalhelpassoonaspossiblE.Workingquicklytogetpeopleoutofthecoldisimportant.Howeverhypothermiavictimsmustbemovedslowlyandgently.Anyroughorsuddenmovementcanforcecoldbloodfromthearmslegsandhandsdeepintothewarmermiddleofthebody.Thissuddenflowofcoldbloodcancreateshockaseriouscondition.Itcanalsocauseanabnormalheartbeat.Membersofsearch-and-rescueteamshaveasayingthathypothermiavictimsarenotdeaduntiltheyarewarmanddeaD.Theprocessofrewarmingapersonneedstobedoneslowlyinahospitalsetting.AnextremelylowbodytemperaturecancausethehearttobeatsoslowlythatapulsemaybedifficulttofinD.InotherwordsapersonwhoissufferingfromtheeffectsofseverecoldmayseemdeadbutstillbealivE.28.Accordingtothetextwhenapersonexperiencemildhypothermia_____.A.Hefeelscoldsoheshakesdeliberately.B.Hecandrinksomewinetostoptheshaking.C.Somecommontreatmentscanhelphimrecover.D.Heshouldbesenttothehospitalimmediately.29.Whichofthefollowingexpressioncantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedwords?A.knockintoB.breakintoC.lookintoD.getinto30.WhenpeopleenterthemoderateorseverestagesofhypothermiawhichofthefollowingstatementisWRONG?_________A.Theirbodytemperaturedropsbelow35℃.B.Therescueworkersshouldfirsthelpthemwarmslowlyandgentlyinapropersituation.C.Ifhypothermiaisn’ttreatedcorrectlythevictim’sheartmaynotbeatnormally.D.HypothermiavictimsseemalivebutdeaD.31.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?________.A.DifferentkindsofhypothermiaB.MedicalhelpisimportantintreatinghypothermiaC.EmergencytreatmentfordifferenttypesofhypothermiA.D.Howtoavoidcold-weatherinjuries.
OnastormydaylastAugustTimheardsomeshouting.LookingouttotheseacarefullyhesawacoupleofkidsinarowboatwerebeingpulledouttoseA.Two12-year-oldboysChristianandJackrowedoutaboattosearchafootball.Oncethey’drowedbeyondthecalmwatersabeachumbrellatiedtotheboatcaughtthewindandpulledtheboatintoopenwater.ThepairpanickedandtriedtorowbacktoshorE.Buttheywerenomatchforitandtheboatwasoutofcontrol.Timknewitwouldsoonbeswallowedbythewaves.EverythingwentquietinmyheadTimrecalls回忆.I’mtryingtofigureouthowtoswimtotheboysinastraightlinE.Timtookoffhisclothesandjumpedintothewater.Every500yardsorsoheraisedhisheadtojudgehisprogress.AtonepointIconsideredturningbackhesays.IwonderedifIwasputtingmylifeatrisk.After30minutesofstrugglinghewascloseenoughtoyelltotheboysTakedowntheumbrella!Let’saimforthepier码头JacksaiD.Timturnedtheboattowardit.Soonafterwardwavescrashedovertheboatanditbegantosink.Canyouguysswim?hecrieD.AlittlebittheboyssaiD.OncetheywereinthewaterTimdecideditwouldbesaferandfasterforhimtopulltheboystowardthepier.ChristianandJackwerewearinglifejacketsandfloatedontheirbacks.Timswamtowardlandaswaterwashedovertheboys’faces.Arewealmostthere?theyaskedagainandagain.YesTimtoldthemeachtimE.After30minutestheyreachedthepier.9.Whydidthetwoboysgotothesea?A.Togoboatrowing.B.Togetbacktheirfootball.C.Toswimintheopenwater.D.Totesttheumbrellaasasail.10.WhatdoesitinParagraph2referto?A.ThebeachB.ThewaterC.TheboatD.Thewind11.WhydidTimraisehisheadregularly?A.Totakeinenoughfreshair.B.Toconsiderturningbackornot.C.Tocheckhisdistancefromtheboys.D.ToasktheboystotakedowntheumbrellA.12.Howcanthetwoboysfinallyreachthepier?A.TheyweredraggedtothepierbyTim.B.Theyswamtothepierallbythemselves.C.Theywerewashedtothepierbythewaves.D.TheywerecarriedtothepierbyTimonhisback.
Peoplearen’twalkinganymore---iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.IfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasn’tinanyhurryeitherIhadmerelybecomeonemorevictimofanationalsickness:motorosis.ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmune免疫的forIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingtoplacesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattimeweregarded25milesasgoodday’swalkandtheabilitytocoversuchadistanceintenhoursassignofstrengthandskill.Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.Andtheeffectwaslasting.WhenIwas45yearsoldIraced–andbeat—ateenagefootballplayerthe168stepsuptheStatureofLiberty.Suchenterprisestodayareregardedbymanymiddle-agedpersonsasbadfortheheart.Butawell-knownBritishphysicianSirAdolpheAbrhamspointedoutrecentlythatheartsandbodiesneedproperexercisE.A.personwhoavoidsexerciseismorelikelytohaveillnessesthanonewhoexercisesregularly.Andwalkingisanidealformofexercise—themostfamiliarandnaturalofall.ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.ThemanwalkingcanlearnthetreesflowerinsectsbirdsandanimalsthesignificanceofseasonstheveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworldHecannotlearninacar.ThecarisaconvenientmeansoftransportbutwehavemadeitourwayoflifE.Manypeopledon’tdaretoapproachNatureanymore;tothemtheworldtheywereborntoenjoyisallthreat.TothemsecurityisasteelriverthunderingonaconcreteroaD.Andmuchoftheirthinkingtakesplacewhilewaitingforthetrafficlighttoturngreen.Isaythatthegreenofforestsisthemind’sbestlight.Andnonebutthemanonfootcanevaluatewhatisbasicandeverlasting.28.Whatisthenationalsickness?A.WalkingtoomuchB.TravelingtoomuchC.DrivingcarstoomuchD.Climbingstairstoomuch.29.Whatwaslifelikewhentheauthorwasyoung?A.Peopleusuallywentaroundonfoot.B.Peopleoftenwalked25milesadayC.PeopleusedtoclimbtheStatueofLiberty.D.Peopleconsideredaten-hourwalkasahardship.30.TheauthormentionsHenryThoreautoprovethat____.A.middle-agedpeoplelikegettingbacktonatureB.walkinginnaturehelpsenrichone’smindC.peopleneedregularexercisetokeepfitD.goingonfootpreventsheartdisease31.WhatiscomparedtoasteelriverinParagraph6?A.A.queueofcarsB.A.rayoftrafficlightC.A.flashoflightningD.A.streamofpeople
Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic过敏的reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.IzzyninerestartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping踩onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing.Izzy'smotherDebbieimmediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfathersodecidedtouseCPR.Howevershequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenoughsoshestampedonherfather'schestinsteaD.Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions按压untiltheambulancearriveD.Izzywhohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschoolsaid:Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.She'salittlestarsaidDebbieIwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan'tbelievewhatshedid.Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe'vegottoseeanexpert.TruckdriverColm35sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospitalbutwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelledpreventinghimfrombreathinghisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenlyandhisheartstoppedforamoment.Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.1.FromthepassagewhichofthesentencesaboutDebbieistrue?A..ShethoughtituselesstoteachchildrenfirstaiD.B..Shethoughtifherdaughterbecameadoctorshewouldkickhimharder.C..ShedidnothingtohelpherhusbanD.D..Shewasproudofherdaughter.2.Izzykickedherfatherinthechest______.A..toexpressherhelplessnessB..topractiseCPRonhimC..tokeephimawakeD..torestarthisheart3.What'stherightorderoftheevents?①IzzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.③IzzylearnedCPR.④Colm'sheartstoppeD.A..3124B..4231C..3421D..43124.WhatdoesParagraph8mainlytalkabout?A..WhatColmsuffered.B..Colm'spresentcondition.C..WhatcausedColm'sallergy.D..SymptomsofColm'sallergicreaction.5.Whydoestheauthorwritethenews?A..Todescribeaseriousaccident.B..ToprovetheimportanceofCPR.C..Toreporta9-year-oldgirl'sbraveact.D..Tocallpeople'sattentiontoallergicreaction.
Weknowtheeffectcalorieshaveonyourbody.Foreachpoundofweightthatyourbodycarriesittakesabout12caloriesperpoundperdaytokeepitalivE.Ifyouweigh150poundsyouthereforeneedabout150×121800caloriesperdaytokeepyourselfaliveandmaintainthatsameweight.Ifyouweretoeatmorethan1800caloriesperdaytheextraturnsintofat.Ittakesabout3600caloriestomakeapoundoffat.Thegraphbelowshowsyoureatingpatternbeforeduringandafterthediet.Notethatthegraphassumesthatyoulikemostpeopleeatanynumberofcaloriesperday.Somedaysyouaregoodandeatlessandsomedaysyouarebadandeatmorebuttheassumptionisthatitaveragesoutto2000caloriesperdayoverthelongrun.Thedietreallytakestheweightoff.Buttheweightcomesrightbackwhenyoureturntoyournormaleatingpattern.Theweightappearstocomebacksoquicklybecausewhenyouareatyourlightestyoutendtogainmoreweighteachday.ThelighteryouarethefewercaloriesyouneeD.Ifyouonlyneed1500caloriesperdayandyou’reeating2000you’regoingtogainweightfasterthanifyouneed1800andyou’reeating2000.Thereareonlytwowaystokeeptheweightoff:·Changeyouroveralleatingpatternsothatyoutakeinonaveragefewercaloriesthanbeforeyouwentonthediet.·Startexercisingsothatyouburntheextracaloriesyoutakein.·Thebestcourseofactionisacombinationofthesetwochoices.32.Whichofthequestionsdoesthepassageanswer?________A.Whydoestheweightcomebacksoquicklyonceonestopsdieting?B.Whydoescalorieplaysoimportantapartinkeepingfit?C.Whydosomepeoplegetfatterinthemodernsociety?D.Whydopeopleneedtoburncalorieseveryday?33.Howwillapersonbecomeifthereiscaloriemorethanneeded?________A.HemightfeelsickB.Hemightgainweight.C.HemustseeadoctoratonceD.Hewouldeatmorethanhecan.34.Whomightgetheavymorequicklyiftheyeat2500caloriesperday?________A.Awomanof167poundsB.Amanof157poundsC.Amanof147poundsD.Awomanof160pounds35.WhichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthorNOTagreetoaccordingtothepassage?________A.Peopledon’thavetodietbecauseoncetheystoptheywillgainweight.B.People’sweightcandeterminetheamountofcaloriesneedeD.C.Dietingpeoplecanexercisemoreandtakeinlesscaloriesinthelongrun.D.Thinpeoplehopingtogetweightdon’thavetogoondieting.
WhenhewasaboyTimwasmuchinfluencedbythebooksabouttheseabutinfactbytheageoffifteenhehaddecidedtobecomeadoctorratherthanasailor.Hisfatherwasadentist牙医andasaresultTimhadtheopportunityofmeetingmanydoctorseitherathomeorelsewherE.Whenhewasfourteenhewasalreadyhangingaroundtheclinic诊所ofalocaldoctorwherehewassupposedtohelptowrapupmedicinebottlesbutwasactuallytryingtolistentotheconversationstakingplacebetweenthedoctorandhispatientsinthenextroom.DuringthewarTimservedintheNavyasasurgeon外科医生.ThatwasthehappiesttimeofmylifE.Iwasdealingwithveryrealsufferingandonthewholemakingasuccessofit.InCaliforniahetaughtthecountrypeoplesimplefactsaboutmedicinE.Hesawhimselfasalife-saver.Hehadprovedhisskillstohimselfandhisabilitytotakedecisions.Thuswhilehewasabletotellthemwhattodohecouldfeelhewassavingthem.Afterthewarhegotmarriedandchosetobeadoctorinthecountrysideworkingunderanolddoctorwhowaspopularintheareabutwhohatedthesightofbloodandbelievedthatthesecretofmedicinewasfaith.Thisgavetheyoungmanmanyopportunitiestogoonworkingasalife-saver.9.Timdecidedtobeadoctorwhenhewas________.A.fourteenB.fifteenC.servingintheNavyD.workinginclinic10.Timdecidedtobecomeadoctormainlybecause________A.hisfatherwantedhimtobeso.B.hisfatherwasasurgeon.C.hehadreadmanybooksaboutmedicinE.D.hehadchancestoknowmanydoctorsandknowaboutwhatdoctorsdiD.11.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.duringthewarTimwasasurgeonintheNavy.B.hetaughtthecountrypeoplesimplefactsaboutmedicineinCaliforniA.C.afterthewarhemarriedtheolddoctors’daughter.D.Timworkedasalife-saverafterwar.12.FromthepassagewecaninferthatTim_________.A.wassenttoEuropeduringthewar.B.wasnotafraidofblooD.C.decidedtogiveuphisdoctorcareer.D.regardedhimselfasalife-saver.
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