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Earlier this year, 13-year-old Shannon Sullivan was socializing in the same way as dozens of her cla...
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阅读以下说明和C语言函数填补空缺 [说明]已知1900年1月1日是星期一下面的函数count_5_
SeveralcountriesinAsiacelebratetheLunarNewYearinth
_______atdifferentlocationsearlierthisyearthefourm
Having arrested
Having been arrested
To having been arrested
Being assested
【说明】 已知1900年1月1日是星期一下面的函数count_5_13intyear用于计算给定的
阅读以下说明和C语言函数填补空缺 [说明]已知1900年1月1日是星期一下面的函数count_5_
can’tstayouttoolateatnight.3-year-olds
13-years-olds
13-year-old
1
[说明]已知1900年1月1日是星期一下面的函数count_5_13intyear用于计算给定的年份
EarlierthisyearIhadthe___________荣幸meetingthePresi
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Thisyeartherainyseasoncameearlierthanbefore.Itbega
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.Havingmadehisfirstfilmearlierthisyearheis_____sta
currently
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给定13期DD可以计算该日当前月最大天数的正确表达式是
Day(DＤ)
Day(DateSerial(Year(DＤ)，Month(DＤ)，Day(DＤ)))
Day(DateSerial(Year(DO)，Month(DＤ)，0))
Day(DateSerial(Year(DＤ)，Month(DＤ)+1，0))
—WhendidyoumovetoXiamen?—Earlierthisyear.AndI_____
have worked
was working
have been working
worked
Whichofthefollowingiscausedbytheearth’sturningarou
The rising and setting(落下) of the sun and moon.
The change of spring, summer, autumn and winter of the year.
The change of the day and night.
The time in the east is earlier than that in the west.
下列程序可以判断输入的年份是不是闰年#includemainint【11】leap;scanf%d&
Intheepidemicearlierthisyearvarioustreatmentswered
suffered
being suffered
having suffered
suffering
SeveralcountriesinAsiacelebratetheLunarNewYearinth
Havingmadehisfirstfilmearlierthisyearheis_____star
currently
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Demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementsandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percentoverthelastdecade.AccordingtoDr.DaiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.Whatweallcraveistolooknormalandnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommendsmaintenanceworkforpeopleintheirthirties.Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissillyhesays.Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however.Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davieswhoclaimstocaterfortheaveragepersonagrees.Hesays:Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoallinvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500forliposuctiontoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone.Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit./Thetextismainlyabout______.
Thoughhardlyasunwelcomeasdeathortaxescollegeentranceexamsarejustasinevitableandalmostasdreadedbyhighschoolstudents. AsthetestingdatesloomforjuniorsandseniorsfortheSATformerlycalledtheScholasticAssessmentTestandtheAmericanCollegeTestorACTmoststudentsarelookingforanedgeanyedgeinthecompetition. Andasthenumberofhomeswithcomputerscontinuestorisetestpublishersandsoftwaredevelopershavebeenquicktorecognizeagrowingniche.Withthemarketfortestpreparationmaterialsatalllevelsestimatedat$540millionannuallytheyhavejumpedonthetechbandwagontoproducecomputerizedtutorialsthatpromisetoboostscores. 41"Webelievethatit’simportantforastudenttobepreparedtotakethetests"notesDonPowersaresearchscientistattheEducationalTestingServiceinPrincetonN.J.theorganizationthatadministerstheSATfortheCollegeBoard."It’simportanttoknowhowtotakethetestsothatyouwon’tgetascorethat’slowerthanyoudeserve."Butheadds"noneoftherigorousscientificevidencethatwehaveseensupportsthesepromises"toraisetestscores. 42Severalpointshoweverdoweighinfavorofsoftwareasopposedtotraditionaltest-preparation.Costisabigone. 43ConvenienceisanotherastheCollegeBoardpointsoutintoutingitsnewsofware. Afewpointstorememberwhenevaluatingvarioustest-prepsoftwarepackages: 44Theexamsthoughtheymayseemmysticaltothetesttakerarenotmagicandcertainlynotrandom.Thereislittlevariationinthestrategiestheprogramsusetoboosttestscoresbecausethereislittlevariationinhowthetestaredeveloped. Largelywhatdifferentiatesoneprogramfromanotheristhecomputerinterfacewhichcanmakethesoftwaremore—orless—user-friendlyandsuchfeaturesasautomatedtrackingofstudentprogress. 45Acrashcoursewithtestprepsoftwareisneveranalternativetocarefullong-termpreparationfortakingtheexams.Somestudentsarebetterequippedtorespondtotheself-pacedself-motivatedapproachsoftwareoffersthanothersPowersnotes. Althoughparentsmaybeinthemarketforwhattheyconsider"serious"studyaidstheirchildrenwhoaretheonestakingthetestsmayappreciatetheprogramsthatofferalittlehumor. FinallyasprogramsfrequentlypointouttheSATandACTwhileimportanttocollegeadmissionsofficersareonlyoneelementofasuccessfulcollegeapplication. [A]Atestprepcoursewithaliveinstructorcancostasmuchas$700.Test-prepsoftwarecosts$30to$80. [B]Mostoftheprogramsinfactemphasizetheimportanceof"guessingstrategies"andeliminatingunlikelyanswerstoimprovescores.Manystudentsoftensucceedinexamsinthisway. [C]Unlikemanyprogramsthisonecangiveyouaquickeasyandcomfortablewaytoachieveahighscore.Suchprogramscanturnyourdreampassingexamsintoreality. [D]"IwouldratherusetheprogramthantakeapreparationcoursebecauseIcoulddothisonmyowntimeandinmyownhome"notesonestudentintheCollegeBoardmaterials. [E]Althoughatleastoneofthetestprogramsasksyouhowlongyouhavetopreparetotaketheexaminationinordertocustomizethelearningcurveallrecommendspendingaperiodofweeksnothoursusingthesoftware. [F]Butthoughmanyprogramsoffermoney-backguaranteesprofessionaltestwriterstendtoscoffatthoseclaims.Intheirmindsuchprogramsoveremphasizeitsfunctions. [G]SATandACTispopularwiththeinternationalstudentsespeciallyAsianstudents.ManyAsianstudentschasetheirdreamthroughSATandACT. 43
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnoutandifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynewtheyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.46Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon’tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformationalongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits. TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictrothaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.IndeedIregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itisinitswayanilluminatingpieceofnews.47Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingthewayaheadseems.48Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimesweeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblemorsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnestwearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsareandhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthiswearedepressed.49Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorancetheworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badsportsbutnottruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted. Butwearemakingabeginningandthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeansweredsoonerorlaterincludingeventhematterofconsciousness.50Tobesuretheremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkupeverandthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellectbutthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimitsweshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswersifwekeepatitlongenoughandpayattention. Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorancetheworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badsportsbutnottruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.
It’sgenerallybeensaidthathistoryiswrittenbythewinners.ThiswasnevermoretruethanonMarch12whentheTexasboardofeducationvoted10-5infavourofcurriculumstandardsthatwouldpromoteconservativetakesoncontroversialissuesinthepagesofthestate’stextbooks.ThechangesexpectedtowinfinalapprovalinMayincludeanincreasedemphasisonandsympathetictreatmentofsuchRepublicanstandardsastheNationalRifleAssociationandtheMoralMajority.TheyalsoboasttheadvantageofcapitalismandtheroleofChristianityinthenation’sfounding.EvenThomasJefferson’sprofilewillbereduced;someboardmemberswerelessthanfondofhisideasaboutthedivisionofchurchandstate.ThisisnotTexas’firstsuchskirmish.Sincethe1970sthestatehastriedtodropbooksthatwereseenastooliberaloranti-Christiantoomitpassagesonthegay-rightsmovementandtotonedownglobal-warmingarguments.Butthenation’sbattleovertextbooksstretchesbackalmosthalfacenturyearlier.In1925Tennessee’sButlerActwhichwasabolishedin1967madeitillegaltoteachanytheorythatdeniesthestoryoftheDivineCreationofmanastaughtintheBible.TheScopesmonkeytrialfamouslyfollowed.In1974aclasheruptedinKanawbaCountyWestVirginiaoverthecontroversialwritingsofsuchauthorsasGeorgeorwellArthurMillerandAllenGinsbergOppositionwassoheatedthatsomeschoolswerefirebombed.AsoneofAmerica’slargesttextbookbuyerstheLonghornStatehasagooddealofswayoverwhatissoldtoschoolsnationwide.AndwhileNapoleonmayhavemaintainedthathistoryistheversionofpasteventsthatpeoplehavedecidedtoagreeupongettingTexanstocometogetheronthepastmayprovetobetheirWaterloo.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage
RememberthedayswhencompaniessuchasMicrosoftandMc-Kinseytookimmensesatisfactionfromsubjectingjobcandidatestomind-crunchingstrategysessionsIfyouthoughtthatwasroughimagineaninterviewinwhichnoamountofresearchorquestioningofinsiderswillhelp.Imagineinsteadthatallyoucandoishaveahealthybreakfastpickoutyournicestsuitandhopeforthebest.Inthenewinterviewthey’renotjusttestingwhatyouknow.They’realsotestingwhoyouare.It’scalledthesituationalinterviewandit’squicklybecomingamustinthejob-seekingworld.Inthepost-Enroncultureofcautioncorporationsarefocusingonanobviousinsight:thatagold-platedresumeandwinningpersonalityareaboutasaccurateindeterminingjobperformanceasWallStreetanalystsareinpickingstocks.Nowwithshareholderscrutinyhiringslowdownsandexpense-reducingnomanagercanaffordtohirethewrongperson.Hundredsofcompaniesareswitchingtothenewmethods.Whereastheconventionalinterviewhasbeenfoundtobeonly7%accurateinpredictingjobperformancesituationalinterviewsdeliveraratingof54%—themostofanyinterviewingtool.Thesituationaltechnique’ssuperioritystemsfromitsabilitytotripupeventhewittiestofinterviewees.Ofcourseeveryapplicantmustdisplayahealthydoseofoccupationalknow-howbutbehaviorandethicalbackboneplayabigrole.ForexampleaprospectiveanalystataWallStreetbankmighthavetofacesayacustomerwithanaccountargument.It’snothappeningonpaperbutinrealtime—withmanagersandexpertswatchingnearby.Theinterviewerplaystheroleofafiercecustomeronthephoneangryaboutmoneylostwhenatradewasn’texecutedontime.It’ssetupasanobviousmistakeonthebanker’spart.Interviewerswatchthecandidates’reactions:howtheyprocessthecomplexaccountinformationtheirabilitytotalktheclientdownwhattheirbodylanguagedisplaysabouttheirownshortcomingsandwhichwordstheychoose.Inthisinstancenotbeinghonestaboutthemistakeorshowingangerorfrustration—nomatterhowglowingyourresume—meansyou’reout.Behavioralinterviewsarealsobeingroundedoutbyothertoolsthatuntilrecentlyhadbeenreservedforelitehires.Personality-testingoutfitCaliperforexamplewhichprobescandidatesforemotional-intelligenceskillsandjobabilityhasseenitsbusinessjump20%thisyear.Clearlythenewinterviewisn’twithoutitsdrawbacks.Companiesruntheriskofarousinghostilityincandidateswhomayfeelasifsomelinehasbeencrossedintopersonalterritory.Moreoversortiecompaniesworryaboutthefairnessofpersonalitytests.Theyhavetomakesuretherearenoinherentgenderorracialbiasesinthetest.TheadvantagesofbehavioralinterviewincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
It’sgenerallybeensaidthathistoryiswrittenbythewinners.ThiswasnevermoretruethanonMarch12whentheTexasboardofeducationvoted10-5infavourofcurriculumstandardsthatwouldpromoteconservativetakesoncontroversialissuesinthepagesofthestate’stextbooks.ThechangesexpectedtowinfinalapprovalinMayincludeanincreasedemphasisonandsympathetictreatmentofsuchRepublicanstandardsastheNationalRifleAssociationandtheMoralMajority.TheyalsoboasttheadvantageofcapitalismandtheroleofChristianityinthenation’sfounding.EvenThomasJefferson’sprofilewillbereduced;someboardmemberswerelessthanfondofhisideasaboutthedivisionofchurchandstate.ThisisnotTexas’firstsuchskirmish.Sincethe1970sthestatehastriedtodropbooksthatwereseenastooliberaloranti-Christiantoomitpassagesonthegay-rightsmovementandtotonedownglobal-warmingarguments.Butthenation’sbattleovertextbooksstretchesbackalmosthalfacenturyearlier.In1925Tennessee’sButlerActwhichwasabolishedin1967madeitillegaltoteachanytheorythatdeniesthestoryoftheDivineCreationofmanastaughtintheBible.TheScopesmonkeytrialfamouslyfollowed.In1974aclasheruptedinKanawbaCountyWestVirginiaoverthecontroversialwritingsofsuchauthorsasGeorgeorwellArthurMillerandAllenGinsbergOppositionwassoheatedthatsomeschoolswerefirebombed.AsoneofAmerica’slargesttextbookbuyerstheLonghornStatehasagooddealofswayoverwhatissoldtoschoolsnationwide.AndwhileNapoleonmayhavemaintainedthathistoryistheversionofpasteventsthatpeoplehavedecidedtoagreeupongettingTexanstocometogetheronthepastmayprovetobetheirWaterloo.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph
RememberthedayswhencompaniessuchasMicrosoftandMc-Kinseytookimmensesatisfactionfromsubjectingjobcandidatestomind-crunchingstrategysessionsIfyouthoughtthatwasroughimagineaninterviewinwhichnoamountofresearchorquestioningofinsiderswillhelp.Imagineinsteadthatallyoucandoishaveahealthybreakfastpickoutyournicestsuitandhopeforthebest.Inthenewinterviewthey’renotjusttestingwhatyouknow.They’realsotestingwhoyouare.It’scalledthesituationalinterviewandit’squicklybecomingamustinthejob-seekingworld.Inthepost-Enroncultureofcautioncorporationsarefocusingonanobviousinsight:thatagold-platedresumeandwinningpersonalityareaboutasaccurateindeterminingjobperformanceasWallStreetanalystsareinpickingstocks.Nowwithshareholderscrutinyhiringslowdownsandexpense-reducingnomanagercanaffordtohirethewrongperson.Hundredsofcompaniesareswitchingtothenewmethods.Whereastheconventionalinterviewhasbeenfoundtobeonly7%accurateinpredictingjobperformancesituationalinterviewsdeliveraratingof54%—themostofanyinterviewingtool.Thesituationaltechnique’ssuperioritystemsfromitsabilitytotripupeventhewittiestofinterviewees.Ofcourseeveryapplicantmustdisplayahealthydoseofoccupationalknow-howbutbehaviorandethicalbackboneplayabigrole.ForexampleaprospectiveanalystataWallStreetbankmighthavetofacesayacustomerwithanaccountargument.It’snothappeningonpaperbutinrealtime—withmanagersandexpertswatchingnearby.Theinterviewerplaystheroleofafiercecustomeronthephoneangryaboutmoneylostwhenatradewasn’texecutedontime.It’ssetupasanobviousmistakeonthebanker’spart.Interviewerswatchthecandidates’reactions:howtheyprocessthecomplexaccountinformationtheirabilitytotalktheclientdownwhattheirbodylanguagedisplaysabouttheirownshortcomingsandwhichwordstheychoose.Inthisinstancenotbeinghonestaboutthemistakeorshowingangerorfrustration—nomatterhowglowingyourresume—meansyou’reout.Behavioralinterviewsarealsobeingroundedoutbyothertoolsthatuntilrecentlyhadbeenreservedforelitehires.Personality-testingoutfitCaliperforexamplewhichprobescandidatesforemotional-intelligenceskillsandjobabilityhasseenitsbusinessjump20%thisyear.Clearlythenewinterviewisn’twithoutitsdrawbacks.Companiesruntheriskofarousinghostilityincandidateswhomayfeelasifsomelinehasbeencrossedintopersonalterritory.Moreoversortiecompaniesworryaboutthefairnessofpersonalitytests.Theyhavetomakesuretherearenoinherentgenderorracialbiasesinthetest.InconventionalinterviewsMicrosofttestedapplicantsby______.
Demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementsandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percentoverthelastdecade.AccordingtoDr.DaiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.Whatweallcraveistolooknormalandnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommendsmaintenanceworkforpeopleintheirthirties.Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissillyhesays.Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however.Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davieswhoclaimstocaterfortheaveragepersonagrees.Hesays:Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoallinvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500forliposuctiontoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone.Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit./Accordingtothetextthereasonforcosmeticsurgeryis______.
Demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementsandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percentoverthelastdecade.AccordingtoDr.DaiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.Whatweallcraveistolooknormalandnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommendsmaintenanceworkforpeopleintheirthirties.Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissillyhesays.Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however.Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davieswhoclaimstocaterfortheaveragepersonagrees.Hesays:Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoallinvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500forliposuctiontoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone.Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit./ThereisahotdebateinAmericaabout______.
RememberthedayswhencompaniessuchasMicrosoftandMc-Kinseytookimmensesatisfactionfromsubjectingjobcandidatestomind-crunchingstrategysessionsIfyouthoughtthatwasroughimagineaninterviewinwhichnoamountofresearchorquestioningofinsiderswillhelp.Imagineinsteadthatallyoucandoishaveahealthybreakfastpickoutyournicestsuitandhopeforthebest.Inthenewinterviewthey’renotjusttestingwhatyouknow.They’realsotestingwhoyouare.It’scalledthesituationalinterviewandit’squicklybecomingamustinthejob-seekingworld.Inthepost-Enroncultureofcautioncorporationsarefocusingonanobviousinsight:thatagold-platedresumeandwinningpersonalityareaboutasaccurateindeterminingjobperformanceasWallStreetanalystsareinpickingstocks.Nowwithshareholderscrutinyhiringslowdownsandexpense-reducingnomanagercanaffordtohirethewrongperson.Hundredsofcompaniesareswitchingtothenewmethods.Whereastheconventionalinterviewhasbeenfoundtobeonly7%accurateinpredictingjobperformancesituationalinterviewsdeliveraratingof54%—themostofanyinterviewingtool.Thesituationaltechnique’ssuperioritystemsfromitsabilitytotripupeventhewittiestofinterviewees.Ofcourseeveryapplicantmustdisplayahealthydoseofoccupationalknow-howbutbehaviorandethicalbackboneplayabigrole.ForexampleaprospectiveanalystataWallStreetbankmighthavetofacesayacustomerwithanaccountargument.It’snothappeningonpaperbutinrealtime—withmanagersandexpertswatchingnearby.Theinterviewerplaystheroleofafiercecustomeronthephoneangryaboutmoneylostwhenatradewasn’texecutedontime.It’ssetupasanobviousmistakeonthebanker’spart.Interviewerswatchthecandidates’reactions:howtheyprocessthecomplexaccountinformationtheirabilitytotalktheclientdownwhattheirbodylanguagedisplaysabouttheirownshortcomingsandwhichwordstheychoose.Inthisinstancenotbeinghonestaboutthemistakeorshowingangerorfrustration—nomatterhowglowingyourresume—meansyou’reout.Behavioralinterviewsarealsobeingroundedoutbyothertoolsthatuntilrecentlyhadbeenreservedforelitehires.Personality-testingoutfitCaliperforexamplewhichprobescandidatesforemotional-intelligenceskillsandjobabilityhasseenitsbusinessjump20%thisyear.Clearlythenewinterviewisn’twithoutitsdrawbacks.Companiesruntheriskofarousinghostilityincandidateswhomayfeelasifsomelinehasbeencrossedintopersonalterritory.Moreoversortiecompaniesworryaboutthefairnessofpersonalitytests.Theyhavetomakesuretherearenoinherentgenderorracialbiasesinthetest.Thenewinterviewiswidelyadoptedbecauseofits______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Morethan40millionAmericansbetweentheagesof5and18attendschoolsthroughouttheUnitedStates.About2millionschool-agechildrenaretaughtathome.Whilehomeschoolingoffersanalternativetotheschoolenvironmentithasbecomeacontroversialissue.Manypublicschooladvocatestakeaharshattitudetowardhomeschoolersperceivingtheiractionsastheultimateslapinthefaceofpubliceducationandadamagingmoveforthechildren.Yetaspublicschoolofficialsrealizetheystandlittletogainbyremaininghostiletothehome-schoolpopulationthehardlinesseemtobesofteningabit.Somepublicschoolshavemovedclosertotoleranceandeveninsomecasesareseekingcooperationwithhomeschoolers.Wearebecomingrelativelytolerantofhomeschoolers.Let’sgivethekidsaccesstopublicschoolsothey’llseeit’snotasterribleasthey’vebeentoldandthey’llwanttocomebacksaysJohnMarshallaneducationofficial.Perhapsbutdon’tcountonitsayhome-schooladvocates.Somehomeschoolersopposethatpublicschoolsystembecausetheyhavestrongconvictionsthattheirapproachtoeducation—whetherfueledbyreligiousbeliefortheindividualchild’sinterestsandnaturalpace—isbest.Otherhomeschoolerscontendnotsomuchthattheschoolsteachheresybutthatschoolsteachwhatevertheyteachinappropriately.Theseparentsarehighlyindependentandstriveto’takeresponsibility’fortheirownliveswithinasocietythattheydefineasbureaucraticandinefficient.saysVanGallon.ButHowardCarolspokesmanforAmerica’slargestteachersunionarguesthathomeschoolingparentsaretryingtohidetheirchildrenfromtherealworldsaysVanGallon.Maybewearegoingtorunintopeoplewithproblemspeoplethathaveadrugproblempeoplethathaveanalcoholproblemandteenagepregnancy.Wehavemanyproblemsthathappeninoursocietyandmanyofthechildrenarevictims.Butshieldingthechildrenfromtherealmixofwhathappenseverydayisdenyingthemsomethingthattheyaregoingtoneedlaterinlife.Mr.Carolalsoquestionedthecompetenceofparentsasteachersthoughheadmittedthatsomehomeschoolersdobetteracademically.Wewanttomakesurethatastudentisnotdeniedthefullrangeofcurriculumexperiencesandappropriatematerialsespeciallynowwiththenewtechnologythatisbeingintroducedandthecostsinvolvedthere.ThesuccessofhomeschoolinghasbeendocumentedinstandardizedtestscoresadministeredbypublicschoolofficialssaysFrankBernettheexecutivedirectoroftheNationalAssociationofCollegeAdmissionCouncilors.IknowwhytheyaredoingitbutIwonderwhytheycan’tworkwithschoolofficialsandteacherstomaketheschoolwhattheywantittobe.Theresponsefromhomeschoolers:Wehavetriedthat.NOWit’stimetostrikeoutonourown./Publicschoolteachingintheopinionsofhomeschooladvocatesis______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Anofficialreportaddressingconcernsaboutthemanyimplicationsofgenetictestingoutlinedpolicyguidelinesandlegislativerecommendationsintendedtoavoidinvoluntaryand/orineffectivetestingandtoprotectconfidentiality.Thereportidentifiedurgentconcernssuchasqualitycontrolmeasuresincludingfederaloversightfortestinglaboratoriesandbettergeneticstrainingformedicalpractitioners.Itrecommendedvoluntaryscreeningurgedcouplesinhigh-riskpopulationstoconsidercarrierscreeningandadvisedcautioninusingandinterpretingpre-symptomaticorpredictivetestsbecausecertaininformationcouldeasilybemisusedormisinterpreted.Aboutthreeinevery100childrenarebornwithaseveredisorderpresumedtobegeneticorpartiallygeneticinorigin.GenesofteninconcertwithenvironmentalfactorsarebeinglinkedtothecausesofmanycommonadultdiseasessuchasheartdiseasehypertensionhighbloodpressurevariouscancersAlzheimer’sdiseaseetc.Teststodeterminepredispositiontoavarietyofconditionsareunderstudyandsomearebeginningtobeapplied.Thereportrecommendedthatallscreeningincludingscreeningofnewbornsbevoluntary.Citingtheresultsoftwodifferentvoluntarynewbornscreeningprogramsthereportsaidtheseprogramscanachievecomplianceratesequaltoorbetterthanthoseofobligatoryprograms.Statehealthdepartmentscouldeventuallyrequiretheofferingoftestsfordiagnosingtreatableconditionsinnewbornshowevercarefulpilotstudiesforconditionsdiagnosableatbirthneedtobedonefirst.Althoughthereportassertedthatitwouldpreferthatallscreeningbevoluntaryitdidnotethatifastaterequiresnewbornscreeningforaparticularconditionthestateshoulddosoonlyifthereisstrongevidencethatanewbornwouldbenefitfromeffectivetreatmentattheearliestpossibleage.Newbornscreeningisthemostcommontypeofgeneticscreeningtoday.Morethanfourmillionnewbornsaretestedannuallysothateffectivetreatmentcanbestartedinafewhundredinfants.Prenatalprecedingbirthtestingcanposethemostdifficultissues.Theabilitytodiagnosegeneticdisordersinthefetus胎儿farexceedsanyabilitytotreatorcurethem.Parentsmustbefullyinformedaboutrisksandbenefitsoftestingproceduresthenatureandvariabilityofthedisorderstheywoulddiscloseandtheoptionsavailableiftestresultsarepositive.Obtaininginformedconsent—aprocessthatwouldincludeeducatingparticipantsnotjustprocessingdocuments—wouldenhancevoluntaryparticipation.Whenofferedtestingparentsshouldreceivecomprehensivecounselingwhichshouldbenondirective.Relevantmedicaladvicehoweverisrecommendedfortreatableorpreventableconditions.Geneticsalsocanpredictwhethercertaindiseasesmightdeveloplaterinlife.Forsingle-genediseasespopulationscreeningshouldonlybeconsideredfortreatableorpreventableconditionsofrelativelyhighfrequency.Childrenshouldbetestedonlyfordisordersforwhicheffectivetreatmentsorpreventivemeasurescouldbeappliedearlyinlife.Oneintentionofthepolicyguidelineswasto______.
Morethan40millionAmericansbetweentheagesof5and18attendschoolsthroughouttheUnitedStates.About2millionschool-agechildrenaretaughtathome.Whilehomeschoolingoffersanalternativetotheschoolenvironmentithasbecomeacontroversialissue.Manypublicschooladvocatestakeaharshattitudetowardhomeschoolersperceivingtheiractionsastheultimateslapinthefaceofpubliceducationandadamagingmoveforthechildren.Yetaspublicschoolofficialsrealizetheystandlittletogainbyremaininghostiletothehome-schoolpopulationthehardlinesseemtobesofteningabit.Somepublicschoolshavemovedclosertotoleranceandeveninsomecasesareseekingcooperationwithhomeschoolers.Wearebecomingrelativelytolerantofhomeschoolers.Let’sgivethekidsaccesstopublicschoolsothey’llseeit’snotasterribleasthey’vebeentoldandthey’llwanttocomebacksaysJohnMarshallaneducationofficial.Perhapsbutdon’tcountonitsayhome-schooladvocates.Somehomeschoolersopposethatpublicschoolsystembecausetheyhavestrongconvictionsthattheirapproachtoeducation—whetherfueledbyreligiousbeliefortheindividualchild’sinterestsandnaturalpace—isbest.Otherhomeschoolerscontendnotsomuchthattheschoolsteachheresybutthatschoolsteachwhatevertheyteachinappropriately.Theseparentsarehighlyindependentandstriveto’takeresponsibility’fortheirownliveswithinasocietythattheydefineasbureaucraticandinefficient.saysVanGallon.ButHowardCarolspokesmanforAmerica’slargestteachersunionarguesthathomeschoolingparentsaretryingtohidetheirchildrenfromtherealworldsaysVanGallon.Maybewearegoingtorunintopeoplewithproblemspeoplethathaveadrugproblempeoplethathaveanalcoholproblemandteenagepregnancy.Wehavemanyproblemsthathappeninoursocietyandmanyofthechildrenarevictims.Butshieldingthechildrenfromtherealmixofwhathappenseverydayisdenyingthemsomethingthattheyaregoingtoneedlaterinlife.Mr.Carolalsoquestionedthecompetenceofparentsasteachersthoughheadmittedthatsomehomeschoolersdobetteracademically.Wewanttomakesurethatastudentisnotdeniedthefullrangeofcurriculumexperiencesandappropriatematerialsespeciallynowwiththenewtechnologythatisbeingintroducedandthecostsinvolvedthere.ThesuccessofhomeschoolinghasbeendocumentedinstandardizedtestscoresadministeredbypublicschoolofficialssaysFrankBernettheexecutivedirectoroftheNationalAssociationofCollegeAdmissionCouncilors.IknowwhytheyaredoingitbutIwonderwhytheycan’tworkwithschoolofficialsandteacherstomaketheschoolwhattheywantittobe.Theresponsefromhomeschoolers:Wehavetriedthat.NOWit’stimetostrikeoutonourown./Theauthor’soverallattitudetowardhomeschoolingis______.
Anofficialreportaddressingconcernsaboutthemanyimplicationsofgenetictestingoutlinedpolicyguidelinesandlegislativerecommendationsintendedtoavoidinvoluntaryand/orineffectivetestingandtoprotectconfidentiality.Thereportidentifiedurgentconcernssuchasqualitycontrolmeasuresincludingfederaloversightfortestinglaboratoriesandbettergeneticstrainingformedicalpractitioners.Itrecommendedvoluntaryscreeningurgedcouplesinhigh-riskpopulationstoconsidercarrierscreeningandadvisedcautioninusingandinterpretingpre-symptomaticorpredictivetestsbecausecertaininformationcouldeasilybemisusedormisinterpreted.Aboutthreeinevery100childrenarebornwithaseveredisorderpresumedtobegeneticorpartiallygeneticinorigin.GenesofteninconcertwithenvironmentalfactorsarebeinglinkedtothecausesofmanycommonadultdiseasessuchasheartdiseasehypertensionhighbloodpressurevariouscancersAlzheimer’sdiseaseetc.Teststodeterminepredispositiontoavarietyofconditionsareunderstudyandsomearebeginningtobeapplied.Thereportrecommendedthatallscreeningincludingscreeningofnewbornsbevoluntary.Citingtheresultsoftwodifferentvoluntarynewbornscreeningprogramsthereportsaidtheseprogramscanachievecomplianceratesequaltoorbetterthanthoseofobligatoryprograms.Statehealthdepartmentscouldeventuallyrequiretheofferingoftestsfordiagnosingtreatableconditionsinnewbornshowevercarefulpilotstudiesforconditionsdiagnosableatbirthneedtobedonefirst.Althoughthereportassertedthatitwouldpreferthatallscreeningbevoluntaryitdidnotethatifastaterequiresnewbornscreeningforaparticularconditionthestateshoulddosoonlyifthereisstrongevidencethatanewbornwouldbenefitfromeffectivetreatmentattheearliestpossibleage.Newbornscreeningisthemostcommontypeofgeneticscreeningtoday.Morethanfourmillionnewbornsaretestedannuallysothateffectivetreatmentcanbestartedinafewhundredinfants.Prenatalprecedingbirthtestingcanposethemostdifficultissues.Theabilitytodiagnosegeneticdisordersinthefetus胎儿farexceedsanyabilitytotreatorcurethem.Parentsmustbefullyinformedaboutrisksandbenefitsoftestingproceduresthenatureandvariabilityofthedisorderstheywoulddiscloseandtheoptionsavailableiftestresultsarepositive.Obtaininginformedconsent—aprocessthatwouldincludeeducatingparticipantsnotjustprocessingdocuments—wouldenhancevoluntaryparticipation.Whenofferedtestingparentsshouldreceivecomprehensivecounselingwhichshouldbenondirective.Relevantmedicaladvicehoweverisrecommendedfortreatableorpreventableconditions.Geneticsalsocanpredictwhethercertaindiseasesmightdeveloplaterinlife.Forsingle-genediseasespopulationscreeningshouldonlybeconsideredfortreatableorpreventableconditionsofrelativelyhighfrequency.Childrenshouldbetestedonlyfordisordersforwhicheffectivetreatmentsorpreventivemeasurescouldbeappliedearlyinlife.Greatcareshouldbegiventotheemploymentofinformationin______.
Thoughhardlyasunwelcomeasdeathortaxescollegeentranceexamsarejustasinevitableandalmostasdreadedbyhighschoolstudents. AsthetestingdatesloomforjuniorsandseniorsfortheSATformerlycalledtheScholasticAssessmentTestandtheAmericanCollegeTestorACTmoststudentsarelookingforanedgeanyedgeinthecompetition. Andasthenumberofhomeswithcomputerscontinuestorisetestpublishersandsoftwaredevelopershavebeenquicktorecognizeagrowingniche.Withthemarketfortestpreparationmaterialsatalllevelsestimatedat$540millionannuallytheyhavejumpedonthetechbandwagontoproducecomputerizedtutorialsthatpromisetoboostscores. 41"Webelievethatit’simportantforastudenttobepreparedtotakethetests"notesDonPowersaresearchscientistattheEducationalTestingServiceinPrincetonN.J.theorganizationthatadministerstheSATfortheCollegeBoard."It’simportanttoknowhowtotakethetestsothatyouwon’tgetascorethat’slowerthanyoudeserve."Butheadds"noneoftherigorousscientificevidencethatwehaveseensupportsthesepromises"toraisetestscores. 42Severalpointshoweverdoweighinfavorofsoftwareasopposedtotraditionaltest-preparation.Costisabigone. 43ConvenienceisanotherastheCollegeBoardpointsoutintoutingitsnewsofware. Afewpointstorememberwhenevaluatingvarioustest-prepsoftwarepackages: 44Theexamsthoughtheymayseemmysticaltothetesttakerarenotmagicandcertainlynotrandom.Thereislittlevariationinthestrategiestheprogramsusetoboosttestscoresbecausethereislittlevariationinhowthetestaredeveloped. Largelywhatdifferentiatesoneprogramfromanotheristhecomputerinterfacewhichcanmakethesoftwaremore—orless—user-friendlyandsuchfeaturesasautomatedtrackingofstudentprogress. 45Acrashcoursewithtestprepsoftwareisneveranalternativetocarefullong-termpreparationfortakingtheexams.Somestudentsarebetterequippedtorespondtotheself-pacedself-motivatedapproachsoftwareoffersthanothersPowersnotes. Althoughparentsmaybeinthemarketforwhattheyconsider"serious"studyaidstheirchildrenwhoaretheonestakingthetestsmayappreciatetheprogramsthatofferalittlehumor. FinallyasprogramsfrequentlypointouttheSATandACTwhileimportanttocollegeadmissionsofficersareonlyoneelementofasuccessfulcollegeapplication. [A]Atestprepcoursewithaliveinstructorcancostasmuchas$700.Test-prepsoftwarecosts$30to$80. [B]Mostoftheprogramsinfactemphasizetheimportanceof"guessingstrategies"andeliminatingunlikelyanswerstoimprovescores.Manystudentsoftensucceedinexamsinthisway. [C]Unlikemanyprogramsthisonecangiveyouaquickeasyandcomfortablewaytoachieveahighscore.Suchprogramscanturnyourdreampassingexamsintoreality. [D]"IwouldratherusetheprogramthantakeapreparationcoursebecauseIcoulddothisonmyowntimeandinmyownhome"notesonestudentintheCollegeBoardmaterials. [E]Althoughatleastoneofthetestprogramsasksyouhowlongyouhavetopreparetotaketheexaminationinordertocustomizethelearningcurveallrecommendspendingaperiodofweeksnothoursusingthesoftware. [F]Butthoughmanyprogramsoffermoney-backguaranteesprofessionaltestwriterstendtoscoffatthoseclaims.Intheirmindsuchprogramsoveremphasizeitsfunctions. [G]SATandACTispopularwiththeinternationalstudentsespeciallyAsianstudents.ManyAsianstudentschasetheirdreamthroughSATandACT. 41
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Narrativecreptbackintoartthroughasidedoormarkedfashionphotography.InApril1967FrenchVoguepublishedaspreadbyBobRichardsontheAmericanphotographerthatsoonbecamealegendInformallychristenedtheGreektripbyRichardson’sadmirersthespreadfeaturedDonnaMitchellastrikingbrunetmodelhangingoutontheAegeanislandofRhodeswithamalecompanion.Ofcoursenarrativeneverdisappeared—itjustwenttothemoviesandstayedandstayed.ButwhathadcausedstoriestobeexiledfromhighartTheideaofessenceandtheequationofessencewithgoodness.CanyouimagineVisualartisessentiallycomposedofformcolormaterials.Anythingtodowithcontentisextraneousandthereforetobeassociatedwithbadness;thereforetobeeliminated.Moreovercontentsaysthislineofthoughtiscontrolling.ThismeansthataroseistheVirginMarydependingonwhatthemeaningofisis.Andartlikesocietymustbeliberatedfromsuchhierarchicallyimposedvalues.Whatthisargumentoverlookedofcourseisthatnarrativeisaforminitselfnotjustavehicleforcontent.IndeedtheideologyofformalismoriginatedinSovietRussiawiththeanalysisofoldfolktales.Narrativeformtheanalysiswenttypicallyproceedsfromaninitialstateofequilibriumthroughaseriesofdestabilizingepisodesconcludingwithaheightenedstateofequilibriumattheend.ThinkIndianaJones.Youcanplugwhatevercontentyouwantinthereaslongasitcreatestheform.Eachepisodesimplyhastodowiththeworkofcreatingdisequilibrium.Anarrativedoesnotinotherwordstellastory.Astoryistoldtogivelistenersthepleasureofthenarrativeform.IfyouweretoisolatetheformofdisequilibriumfromthespecificsofplotyoumightarriveatsomethingresemblingthecollectedworkofCindySherman.InitiallymodeledaftermoviestillsSherman’spicturesarenotofcourseabstract.Overtheyearsinfacttheircontenthasbecomeincreasinglyelaborate.Iseethisasaformofgenerosityaswellasasignofadvancedtechnicalskills.NotsinceGiuseppeArcimboldo1527-1593perhapshasanartistcontrivedtoturnthehumanfigureintoamorebountifulcornucopiafortheeye.YeteventhemostvisuallysplendidofSherman’simagesareminimalistinthattheyreducethenarrativedowntotheprecisemomentwhenthecenterofgravityshifts.Perhapssomeunheardwordisspoken.Afloorboardsqueaks.Fromupstairscomesathump.Andatentativestateofequilibriumgiveswaytoanxietyordread.Thatmomenttoorepresentsessence.WhatmoredoyouneedtoknowAccordingtothepassageShermanisprobably______.
Narrativecreptbackintoartthroughasidedoormarkedfashionphotography.InApril1967FrenchVoguepublishedaspreadbyBobRichardsontheAmericanphotographerthatsoonbecamealegendInformallychristenedtheGreektripbyRichardson’sadmirersthespreadfeaturedDonnaMitchellastrikingbrunetmodelhangingoutontheAegeanislandofRhodeswithamalecompanion.Ofcoursenarrativeneverdisappeared—itjustwenttothemoviesandstayedandstayed.ButwhathadcausedstoriestobeexiledfromhighartTheideaofessenceandtheequationofessencewithgoodness.CanyouimagineVisualartisessentiallycomposedofformcolormaterials.Anythingtodowithcontentisextraneousandthereforetobeassociatedwithbadness;thereforetobeeliminated.Moreovercontentsaysthislineofthoughtiscontrolling.ThismeansthataroseistheVirginMarydependingonwhatthemeaningofisis.Andartlikesocietymustbeliberatedfromsuchhierarchicallyimposedvalues.Whatthisargumentoverlookedofcourseisthatnarrativeisaforminitselfnotjustavehicleforcontent.IndeedtheideologyofformalismoriginatedinSovietRussiawiththeanalysisofoldfolktales.Narrativeformtheanalysiswenttypicallyproceedsfromaninitialstateofequilibriumthroughaseriesofdestabilizingepisodesconcludingwithaheightenedstateofequilibriumattheend.ThinkIndianaJones.Youcanplugwhatevercontentyouwantinthereaslongasitcreatestheform.Eachepisodesimplyhastodowiththeworkofcreatingdisequilibrium.Anarrativedoesnotinotherwordstellastory.Astoryistoldtogivelistenersthepleasureofthenarrativeform.IfyouweretoisolatetheformofdisequilibriumfromthespecificsofplotyoumightarriveatsomethingresemblingthecollectedworkofCindySherman.InitiallymodeledaftermoviestillsSherman’spicturesarenotofcourseabstract.Overtheyearsinfacttheircontenthasbecomeincreasinglyelaborate.Iseethisasaformofgenerosityaswellasasignofadvancedtechnicalskills.NotsinceGiuseppeArcimboldo1527-1593perhapshasanartistcontrivedtoturnthehumanfigureintoamorebountifulcornucopiafortheeye.YeteventhemostvisuallysplendidofSherman’simagesareminimalistinthattheyreducethenarrativedowntotheprecisemomentwhenthecenterofgravityshifts.Perhapssomeunheardwordisspoken.Afloorboardsqueaks.Fromupstairscomesathump.Andatentativestateofequilibriumgiveswaytoanxietyordread.Thatmomenttoorepresentsessence.WhatmoredoyouneedtoknowPeoplewhosupporttheideaofessencemostprobablyagreethat______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Directions:Severaldaysagoyouandyourfamilywenttoahoteltohaveadinner.Thereyouwerenotsatisfiedwithitsserviceandthequalityofthedinnel.Backhomeyouandyoudaddyhadloosebowels.Writealettertothemanagertomakeacomplaintandhopetosolvetheproblemassoonaspossible.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Thoughhardlyasunwelcomeasdeathortaxescollegeentranceexamsarejustasinevitableandalmostasdreadedbyhighschoolstudents. AsthetestingdatesloomforjuniorsandseniorsfortheSATformerlycalledtheScholasticAssessmentTestandtheAmericanCollegeTestorACTmoststudentsarelookingforanedgeanyedgeinthecompetition. Andasthenumberofhomeswithcomputerscontinuestorisetestpublishersandsoftwaredevelopershavebeenquicktorecognizeagrowingniche.Withthemarketfortestpreparationmaterialsatalllevelsestimatedat$540millionannuallytheyhavejumpedonthetechbandwagontoproducecomputerizedtutorialsthatpromisetoboostscores. 41"Webelievethatit’simportantforastudenttobepreparedtotakethetests"notesDonPowersaresearchscientistattheEducationalTestingServiceinPrincetonN.J.theorganizationthatadministerstheSATfortheCollegeBoard."It’simportanttoknowhowtotakethetestsothatyouwon’tgetascorethat’slowerthanyoudeserve."Butheadds"noneoftherigorousscientificevidencethatwehaveseensupportsthesepromises"toraisetestscores. 42Severalpointshoweverdoweighinfavorofsoftwareasopposedtotraditionaltest-preparation.Costisabigone. 43ConvenienceisanotherastheCollegeBoardpointsoutintoutingitsnewsofware. Afewpointstorememberwhenevaluatingvarioustest-prepsoftwarepackages: 44Theexamsthoughtheymayseemmysticaltothetesttakerarenotmagicandcertainlynotrandom.Thereislittlevariationinthestrategiestheprogramsusetoboosttestscoresbecausethereislittlevariationinhowthetestaredeveloped. Largelywhatdifferentiatesoneprogramfromanotheristhecomputerinterfacewhichcanmakethesoftwaremore—orless—user-friendlyandsuchfeaturesasautomatedtrackingofstudentprogress. 45Acrashcoursewithtestprepsoftwareisneveranalternativetocarefullong-termpreparationfortakingtheexams.Somestudentsarebetterequippedtorespondtotheself-pacedself-motivatedapproachsoftwareoffersthanothersPowersnotes. Althoughparentsmaybeinthemarketforwhattheyconsider"serious"studyaidstheirchildrenwhoaretheonestakingthetestsmayappreciatetheprogramsthatofferalittlehumor. FinallyasprogramsfrequentlypointouttheSATandACTwhileimportanttocollegeadmissionsofficersareonlyoneelementofasuccessfulcollegeapplication. [A]Atestprepcoursewithaliveinstructorcancostasmuchas$700.Test-prepsoftwarecosts$30to$80. [B]Mostoftheprogramsinfactemphasizetheimportanceof"guessingstrategies"andeliminatingunlikelyanswerstoimprovescores.Manystudentsoftensucceedinexamsinthisway. [C]Unlikemanyprogramsthisonecangiveyouaquickeasyandcomfortablewaytoachieveahighscore.Suchprogramscanturnyourdreampassingexamsintoreality. [D]"IwouldratherusetheprogramthantakeapreparationcoursebecauseIcoulddothisonmyowntimeandinmyownhome"notesonestudentintheCollegeBoardmaterials. [E]Althoughatleastoneofthetestprogramsasksyouhowlongyouhavetopreparetotaketheexaminationinordertocustomizethelearningcurveallrecommendspendingaperiodofweeksnothoursusingthesoftware. [F]Butthoughmanyprogramsoffermoney-backguaranteesprofessionaltestwriterstendtoscoffatthoseclaims.Intheirmindsuchprogramsoveremphasizeitsfunctions. [G]SATandACTispopularwiththeinternationalstudentsespeciallyAsianstudents.ManyAsianstudentschasetheirdreamthroughSATandACT. 45
Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnoutandifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynewtheyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.46Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon’tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformationalongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits. TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictrothaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.IndeedIregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itisinitswayanilluminatingpieceofnews.47Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingthewayaheadseems.48Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimesweeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblemorsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnestwearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsareandhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthiswearedepressed.49Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorancetheworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badsportsbutnottruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted. Butwearemakingabeginningandthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeansweredsoonerorlaterincludingeventhematterofconsciousness.50Tobesuretheremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkupeverandthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellectbutthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimitsweshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswersifwekeepatitlongenoughandpayattention. Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingthewayaheadseems.
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