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布卢姆教育目标分类中认知领域的各级目标是行为目标的范例（）
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音乐教师招聘考试《判断》真题及答案
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试以布卢姆教育目标分类学中认知领域目标的分类为例说明布卢姆教育目标分类学的典型特征
布卢姆等人在其教育目标分类系统中将教学目标分为认知情感和动作技能三大领域
在布卢姆教学目标分类中综合层次所属的目标领域是
认知领域
情感领域
动作技能领域
行为领域
依照布卢姆的教育目标分类学说教育目标可分为认知情感 品德三个领域
布卢姆等人在其教育目标分类系统中将教学目标分为三大领域即认知和动作技能
布卢姆的认知领域教育目标分类的主要依据______
布卢姆等人在其教育目标分类系统中将教学目标分为认知目标情感目标和目标三大领域
简述布卢姆关于认知领域中教育目标的分类以及各个能力层次的意义
关于课程目标的垂直研究最为著名的是布卢姆根据布卢姆的思想完整的教育目标应当包括三个部分认知领域情感领
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Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
E Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays... Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawash本.文来.源于.贵州.学习.网www.gzu521.comingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmalladswhichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthehatchmatchanddispatchcolumnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
A WhereisLoveHowcanwefindLove Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.DescriptionslikePaleolithicManNeolithicManetc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.WhenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabelLeglessMan.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks. Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.ThetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysI’vebeenthere.YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayI’vebeenthere—meaningIdrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse. Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Whatdoesabird’seyeviewmean
Tooursurprisethestrangertobeanoldfriendofmymother’s.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
D Ranch.ItwasnearLosAngelesinCalifornia.AfewyearslaterHollywoodwasoneofthefamousplacesintheworld.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturytherewasabigfarmcalledHollywood.Fromthe1910’stothe1950’sHollywoodwasthefilmcenteroftheworld. Everyfamilyknewthenamesofitsfilmstars—CharlieChaplinGretaGarboBergmanandhundredsmore. ThereasonwhypeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmswasthesun.AtfirstpeoplemadefilmsinNewYorkontheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates. ButthentheyheardaboutLosAngeleswherethereare350daysofthesuneveryyear.Astheymadeallthefilmsbysunlightthewestcoastwasamuchbetterplacetowork.AlsonearHollywoodyoucanfindmountainsandseaanddesert.Theydidnothavetotravelfartomakeanykindoffilm. WhenTVbecamepopularHollywoodstartedmakingfilmsfortelevision.Theninthe1970’stheydiscoveredpeoplestillwenttothecinematoseebigexpensivefilms.NowadaystheyarestillmakingfilmsinHollywoodandpeopleseethemallovertheworld. PeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmsbecause.
—HowaboutyourtriptoHainan —Itcouldn’thavebeen.SometimesIwentswimminginthesea;sometimesIlayonthesand.
C WhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes. Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead. Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore. Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant. Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible. Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo. WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy HesaidOfcourseshedid. WellIjustdid!Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. Thestoryhappenedina.
—DoyoumindifItheTVabit —YesIdobecauseI’mbusywithmyhomeworknow.
C WhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes. Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead. Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore. Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant. Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible. Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo. WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy HesaidOfcourseshedid. WellIjustdid!Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. TheunderlinedwordincrediblemostprobablymeansinChinese.
Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingoroffersuchdeepinsightintohumannature.
A WhereisLoveHowcanwefindLove Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.DescriptionslikePaleolithicManNeolithicManetc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.WhenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabelLeglessMan.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks. Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.ThetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysI’vebeenthere.YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayI’vebeenthere—meaningIdrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse. Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Anthropologistslabelnowadays’menLeglessbecause.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
E Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays... Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawash本.文来.源于.贵州.学习.网www.gzu521.comingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmalladswhichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthehatchmatchanddispatchcolumnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Thepassageis.
B Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemadeit’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.ButareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustifiedAreweanylessbloodthirstyWhydoboxingmatchesforinstanceattractsuchuniversalinterestDon’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolenceHumanbeingsremainasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalivewefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousassaypublichangingsorbearbaiting. Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbullfightingthatwe[此资料转贴于ＧＺＵ５２１学习网]ｗww.Ｇzu５21.ｃomshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingringthatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkofthesportingspiritissheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchforinstanceisfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence. WhyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuchYoumaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmenbeingcoopedupincagesorpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimprovedbutbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsportswewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings. Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage
A WhereisLoveHowcanwefindLove Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.DescriptionslikePaleolithicManNeolithicManetc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.WhenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabelLeglessMan.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks. Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.ThetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysI’vebeenthere.YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayI’vebeenthere—meaningIdrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse. Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Whydoestheauthorsaywearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes
D Ranch.ItwasnearLosAngelesinCalifornia.AfewyearslaterHollywoodwasoneofthefamousplacesintheworld.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturytherewasabigfarmcalledHollywood.Fromthe1910’stothe1950’sHollywoodwasthefilmcenteroftheworld. Everyfamilyknewthenamesofitsfilmstars—CharlieChaplinGretaGarboBergmanandhundredsmore. ThereasonwhypeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmswasthesun.AtfirstpeoplemadefilmsinNewYorkontheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates. ButthentheyheardaboutLosAngeleswherethereare350daysofthesuneveryyear.Astheymadeallthefilmsbysunlightthewestcoastwasamuchbetterplacetowork.AlsonearHollywoodyoucanfindmountainsandseaanddesert.Theydidnothavetotravelfartomakeanykindoffilm. WhenTVbecamepopularHollywoodstartedmakingfilmsfortelevision.Theninthe1970’stheydiscoveredpeoplestillwenttothecinematoseebigexpensivefilms.NowadaystheyarestillmakingfilmsinHollywoodandpeopleseethemallovertheworld. Inthe1910’sHollywoodbecamea.
B Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemadeit’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.ButareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustifiedAreweanylessbloodthirstyWhydoboxingmatchesforinstanceattractsuchuniversalinterestDon’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolenceHumanbeingsremainasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalivewefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousassaypublichangingsorbearbaiting. Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbullfightingthatwe[此资料转贴于ＧＺＵ５２１学习网]ｗww.Ｇzu５21.ｃomshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingringthatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkofthesportingspiritissheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchforinstanceisfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence. WhyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuchYoumaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmenbeingcoopedupincagesorpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimprovedbutbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsportswewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings. Themainideaofthispassageis.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
WhenIcamebackIfoundmybicyclewas.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
C WhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes. Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead. Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore. Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant. Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible. Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo. WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy HesaidOfcourseshedid. WellIjustdid!Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. WhatdoesthesentenceWellIjustdid!mean
.Thegirllikesand.
Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchisfrontpagenews.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于ＧＺＵ５２１学:习;网http://Ｇzｕ５２1.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
E Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays... Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawash本.文来.源于.贵州.学习.网www.gzu521.comingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmalladswhichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthehatchmatchanddispatchcolumnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
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