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Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Text3 Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingcyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing;itmaybeagameofsomekind:footballhockeygolfortennis;itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.WhyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure. Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderulesasthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereareofcourserulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangeroustoignorebutitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota’teamgame’.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereareitistrueno’matches’between’teams’ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereisobviouslyteamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities. Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheageofthirtyandmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.ButitisnounusualforamanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandlesswasteofeffortandtheycertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment. Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage
Allobjectsofhumanreasonorinquirymaynaturallybedividedintotwokindstowitrelationsofideasandmattersoffact.46Ofthefirstkindarethesciencesofgeometryalgebraandarithmetic;andinshorteveryaffirmationwhichiseitherintuitivelyordemonstrativelycertain.Thatthesquareofthehypothenuseisequaltothesquaresofthetwosidesisapropositionwhichexpressesarelationbetweenthesefigures.47Propositionsofthiskindarediscoverablebythemereoperationofthoughtwithoutdependenceonwhatisanywhereexistentintheuniverse.ThoughthereneverwereacircleortriangleinnaturethetruthsdemonstratedbyEuclidwouldforeverretaintheircertaintyandevidence. Mattersoffactwhicharethesecondobjectsofhumanreasonarenotascertainedinthesamemanner;norisourevidenceoftheirtruthhowevergreatofalikenaturewiththeforegoing.Thecontraryofeverymatteroffactisstillpossible;becauseitcanneverimplyacontradictionandisconceivedbythemindwiththesamefacilityanddistinctnessasifeversoconformabletoreality.48Thatthesunwillnotrisetomorrowisnolessintelligibleapropositionandimpliesnomorecontradictionthantheaffirmationthatitwillrise.Weshouldinvainthereforeattempttodemonstrateitsfalsehood.Wereitdemonstrativelyfalseitwouldimplyacontradictionandcouldneverhedistinctlyconceivedbythemind. Itmaythereforebeasubjectworthyofcuriositytoinquirewhatisthenatureofthatevidencewhichassuresusofanyrealexistenceadmatteroffactbeyondthepresenttestimonyofoursensesortherecordsofourmemory.49Thispartofphilosophyitisobservablehasbeenlittlecultivatedeitherbytheancientsormoderns;andthereforeourdoubtsanderrorsintheprosecutionofsoimportantaninquirymaybethemoreexcusable;whilewemarchthroughsuchdifficultpathswithoutanyguideordirection.50TheymayevenproveusefulByexcitingcuriosityanddestroyingthatimplicitfaithandsecuritywhichisthepoisonofallreasoningandfreeinquiry.ThediscoveryofdefectsinthecommonphilosophyifanysuchtherebewillnotIpresumebeadiscouragementbutratheranincitementasisusualtoattemptsomethingmorefullandsatisfactorythanhasyetbeenproposedtothepublic. Propositionsofthiskindarediscoverablebythemereoperationofthoughtwithoutdependenceonwhatisanywhereexistentintheuniverse
OnemorningafewyearsagoHarvardPresidentNeilRudenstineoverslept.41___________________.Onlyafterathree-monthsabbatical--duringwhichhereadessayistLewisThomaslistenedtoRavelandwalkedwithhiswifeonaCaribbeanbeach--washeabletoreturntohispost.ThatweekhispicturewasonthecoverofNewsweekmagazinebesidethebannerheadline"Exhausted!" Intherelentlessbusynessofmodernlifewehavelosttherhythmbetweenactionandrest.Ispeakwithpeopleinbusinessandeducationdoctorsandday-careworkersshopkeepersandsocialworkersparentsandteachersnursesandlawyersstudentsandtherapistscommunityactivistsandcooks.Remarkablythereisauniversalrefrain:"Iamsobusy".Themoreourlifespeedsupthemorewefeelwearyoverwhelmedandlost. 42___________________.Insteadthewholeexperienceofbeingalivebeginstomeltintooneenormousobligation.Itbecomesthestandardgreetingeverywhere:"Iamsobusy." Wesaythistooneanotherwithnosmalldegreeofpride.Thebusierwearethemoreimportantweseemtoourselvesandweimaginetoothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamilytobeunabletofindtimeforthesunsetorevennottoknowthatthesunhassetatalltowhizthroughourobligationswithouttimeforasinglemindfulbreath--thishasbecomethemodelofasuccessfullife. Becausewedonotrestweloseourway.Welosethenourishmentthatgivesussuccor.Wemissthequietthatgivesuswisdom.Poisonedbythehypnoticbeliefthatgoodthingscomeonlythroughtirelesseffortwenevertrulyrest. Thisisnottheworldwedreamedofwhenwewereyoung.Howdidwegetsoterriblyrushedinaworldsaturatedwithworkandresponsibilityyetsomehowbereftofjoyanddelight WehaveforgottentheSabbath. 43___________________.Itistimetobenourishedandrefreshedasweletourworkourchoresandourimportantprojectsliefallowtrustingthattherearelargerforcesatworktakingcareoftheworldwhenweareatrest. Ifcertainplantspeciesdonotliedormantduringwintertheplantbeginstodieoff.44___________________. So"RemembertheSabbath"ismorethansimplyalifestylesuggestion.Itisacommandmentanethicalpreceptasseriousasprohibitionsagainstkiltingstealingandtying. Sabbathismorethantheabsenceofwork.Manyofusinourdesperatedrivetobesuccessfulandcareforourmanyresponsibilitiesfeelterribleguiltwhenwetaketimetorest.ButtheSabbathhasprovenitswisdomovertheages.ManyofusstillrecallwhennotlongagoshopsandofficeswhereclosedonSundays.ThosequietSundayafternoonsareembeddedinourculturalmemory. Muchofmodemlifeisspecificallydesignedtoseduceourattentionawayfromrest.Whenweareintheworldwithoureyeswideopentheseductionsareinsatiable.45___________________..Forthoseofuswithchildrenthereareendlesssoccerpracticesbaseballgameshomeworklaundryhousecleaningerrands.Everyresponsibilityeverystimuluscompetesforourattention.BuymeDomeWatchme.Tryme.Drinkme.Itisasifwehaveinadvertentlystumbledintosomehorrificwonderland. [A]Restisnotjustapsychologicalconvenience;itisabiologicalnecessity. [B]Afteryearsofnon-stoptoilinanatmospherethatrewardedfranticoverworkRudenstinecollapsed. [C]Hundredsofchannelsofcableandsatellitetelevision;phoneswithmultiplelinesandcall-waitingbeggingustotalktomorethanonepersonatatime;maile-mailandovernightmailfaxmachines;billboards;magazines;newspapers;radio. [D]SometimesyoucanhavearestonSundays.Butyourheartandsoulisnolongerquiet. [E]Sabbathisthetimethatconsecratedtoenjoyandcelebratewhatisbeautifulandgood--timetolightcandlessingsongsworshiptellstoriesblessourchildrenandlovedonesgivethankssharemealsnapwalkandevenmakelove. [F]OnceuponatimeSabbathisourheaven.Weoftenwalkinthegreenparkswithfriendsorhaveapicniclunchwiththefamily.Listeningtothebirdsonthetreesmakesmefeelpeaceful.ButwhateverhappenedtoSundaynow [G]Todayourlifeandworkrarelyfeellightpleasantorhealing. 43
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Text4 Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill. Therearehowevervastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachitorhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemishowtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling Ifspellingbecametheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterestclearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto"playsafe".Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrangechoosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That’steachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability. Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:"Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandtechnicalabilitiesinwriting".Butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadsuchfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrorsbutifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideasanexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupi1moremotivation动力toseekimprovement. Thispassagemainlydiscusses
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Allobjectsofhumanreasonorinquirymaynaturallybedividedintotwokindstowitrelationsofideasandmattersoffact.46Ofthefirstkindarethesciencesofgeometryalgebraandarithmetic;andinshorteveryaffirmationwhichiseitherintuitivelyordemonstrativelycertain.Thatthesquareofthehypothenuseisequaltothesquaresofthetwosidesisapropositionwhichexpressesarelationbetweenthesefigures.47Propositionsofthiskindarediscoverablebythemereoperationofthoughtwithoutdependenceonwhatisanywhereexistentintheuniverse.ThoughthereneverwereacircleortriangleinnaturethetruthsdemonstratedbyEuclidwouldforeverretaintheircertaintyandevidence. Mattersoffactwhicharethesecondobjectsofhumanreasonarenotascertainedinthesamemanner;norisourevidenceoftheirtruthhowevergreatofalikenaturewiththeforegoing.Thecontraryofeverymatteroffactisstillpossible;becauseitcanneverimplyacontradictionandisconceivedbythemindwiththesamefacilityanddistinctnessasifeversoconformabletoreality.48Thatthesunwillnotrisetomorrowisnolessintelligibleapropositionandimpliesnomorecontradictionthantheaffirmationthatitwillrise.Weshouldinvainthereforeattempttodemonstrateitsfalsehood.Wereitdemonstrativelyfalseitwouldimplyacontradictionandcouldneverhedistinctlyconceivedbythemind. Itmaythereforebeasubjectworthyofcuriositytoinquirewhatisthenatureofthatevidencewhichassuresusofanyrealexistenceadmatteroffactbeyondthepresenttestimonyofoursensesortherecordsofourmemory.49Thispartofphilosophyitisobservablehasbeenlittlecultivatedeitherbytheancientsormoderns;andthereforeourdoubtsanderrorsintheprosecutionofsoimportantaninquirymaybethemoreexcusable;whilewemarchthroughsuchdifficultpathswithoutanyguideordirection.50TheymayevenproveusefulByexcitingcuriosityanddestroyingthatimplicitfaithandsecuritywhichisthepoisonofallreasoningandfreeinquiry.ThediscoveryofdefectsinthecommonphilosophyifanysuchtherebewillnotIpresumebeadiscouragementbutratheranincitementasisusualtoattemptsomethingmorefullandsatisfactorythanhasyetbeenproposedtothepublic. Thispartofphilosophyitisobservablehasbeenlittlecultivatedeitherbytheancientsormoderns;andthereforeourdoubtsanderrorsintheprosecutionofsoimportantaninquirymaybethemoreexcusable;
Text4 Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill. Therearehowevervastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachitorhowmuchpriorityitmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemishowtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyandconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling Ifspellingbecametheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterestclearlyabrightchildwillbelikelyto"playsafe".Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrangechoosingtoavoidadventurouslanguage.That’steachersoftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability. Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience:"Thisworkisterrible!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandtechnicalabilitiesinwriting".Butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadsuchfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrorsbutifhisprioritieshadcenteredonthechild’sideasanexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupi1moremotivation动力toseekimprovement. Teachersencouragethestudentstousedictionariessothat
Text1 HaveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreatedunfairlyHaveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoitAreyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate ManypeopleareafraidtoassertthemselvesDr.AlbertiauthorofStandUpSpeakOutandTalkBackthinksit’sbecausetheirself-respectislow."Ourwholeset-upisdesignedtomakepeopledistrustthemselves"saysAlberti"There’salways’superior’aroundaparentateacherabosswho’knowsbetter’.Theresuperiorsoftengainwhentheychipawayatyourself-image." ButAlbertiandotherscientistsaredoingsomethingtohelppeopleassertthemselves.Theyoffer"assertivenesstraining"coursesATforshort.IntheATcoursespeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobethemselves.Theylearntospeakoutandfeelgoodaboutdoingso.Theylearntobemoreactivewithouthurtingotherpeople. Inonewaylearningtospeakoutistoovercomefear.AgrouptakinganATcoursewillhelpthetimidpersontolosehisfear.ButATusesanevenstrongermotive--theneedtoshare.Thetimidpersonspeaksoutinthegroupbecausehewantstotellhowhefeels. Whetherornotyouspeakupforyourselfdependsonyourself-image.Ifsomeoneyoufaceismore"important"thanyouyoumayfeellessofaperson.Youstarttodoubtyourowngoodsense.Yougobytheotherperson’sdemand.ButwhyshouldyouATsaysyoucangettofeelgoodaboutyourself.Andonceyoudoyoucanlearntospeakout. Asusedthefirstlinethephrasetalkbackmeans
Text3 Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingcyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing;itmaybeagameofsomekind:footballhockeygolfortennis;itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.WhyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure. Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderulesasthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereareofcourserulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangeroustoignorebutitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota’teamgame’.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereareitistrueno’matches’between’teams’ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereisobviouslyteamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities. Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheageofthirtyandmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.ButitisnounusualforamanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandlesswasteofeffortandtheycertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment. Whichofthefollowingistrue
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Text1 HaveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreatedunfairlyHaveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoitAreyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate ManypeopleareafraidtoassertthemselvesDr.AlbertiauthorofStandUpSpeakOutandTalkBackthinksit’sbecausetheirself-respectislow."Ourwholeset-upisdesignedtomakepeopledistrustthemselves"saysAlberti"There’salways’superior’aroundaparentateacherabosswho’knowsbetter’.Theresuperiorsoftengainwhentheychipawayatyourself-image." ButAlbertiandotherscientistsaredoingsomethingtohelppeopleassertthemselves.Theyoffer"assertivenesstraining"coursesATforshort.IntheATcoursespeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobethemselves.Theylearntospeakoutandfeelgoodaboutdoingso.Theylearntobemoreactivewithouthurtingotherpeople. Inonewaylearningtospeakoutistoovercomefear.AgrouptakinganATcoursewillhelpthetimidpersontolosehisfear.ButATusesanevenstrongermotive--theneedtoshare.Thetimidpersonspeaksoutinthegroupbecausehewantstotellhowhefeels. Whetherornotyouspeakupforyourselfdependsonyourself-image.Ifsomeoneyoufaceismore"important"thanyouyoumayfeellessofaperson.Youstarttodoubtyourowngoodsense.Yougobytheotherperson’sdemand.ButwhyshouldyouATsaysyoucangettofeelgoodaboutyourself.Andonceyoudoyoucanlearntospeakout. Thepassagemainlydiscussestheproblemthat
PartA Directions: Youaretheorganizerofatourandyoushouldgiveanoticetotellthetouristssomethingaboutit.Itshouldinclude: 1Whereisthedestinationofthetour 2Whatshouldthetouristspayattentionto Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETⅡ.
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Text3 Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalkingcyclingorswimmingorinwinterskatingorskiing;itmaybeagameofsomekind:footballhockeygolfortennis;itmaybemountaineering. Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.WhyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardshipandtotakerisksonhighmountainsThisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure. Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderulesasthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereareofcourserulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangeroustoignorebutitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods. Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsportswemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota’teamgame’.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereareitistrueno’matches’between’teams’ofclimbersbutwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydependthereisobviouslyteamwork. Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities. Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheageofthirtyandmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.ButitisnounusualforamanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsintheAlps.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandlesswasteofeffortandtheycertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment. Mountaineeringisasportwhichinvolves
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
OnemorningafewyearsagoHarvardPresidentNeilRudenstineoverslept.41___________________.Onlyafterathree-monthsabbatical--duringwhichhereadessayistLewisThomaslistenedtoRavelandwalkedwithhiswifeonaCaribbeanbeach--washeabletoreturntohispost.ThatweekhispicturewasonthecoverofNewsweekmagazinebesidethebannerheadline"Exhausted!" Intherelentlessbusynessofmodernlifewehavelosttherhythmbetweenactionandrest.Ispeakwithpeopleinbusinessandeducationdoctorsandday-careworkersshopkeepersandsocialworkersparentsandteachersnursesandlawyersstudentsandtherapistscommunityactivistsandcooks.Remarkablythereisauniversalrefrain:"Iamsobusy".Themoreourlifespeedsupthemorewefeelwearyoverwhelmedandlost. 42___________________.Insteadthewholeexperienceofbeingalivebeginstomeltintooneenormousobligation.Itbecomesthestandardgreetingeverywhere:"Iamsobusy." Wesaythistooneanotherwithnosmalldegreeofpride.Thebusierwearethemoreimportantweseemtoourselvesandweimaginetoothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamilytobeunabletofindtimeforthesunsetorevennottoknowthatthesunhassetatalltowhizthroughourobligationswithouttimeforasinglemindfulbreath--thishasbecomethemodelofasuccessfullife. Becausewedonotrestweloseourway.Welosethenourishmentthatgivesussuccor.Wemissthequietthatgivesuswisdom.Poisonedbythehypnoticbeliefthatgoodthingscomeonlythroughtirelesseffortwenevertrulyrest. Thisisnottheworldwedreamedofwhenwewereyoung.Howdidwegetsoterriblyrushedinaworldsaturatedwithworkandresponsibilityyetsomehowbereftofjoyanddelight WehaveforgottentheSabbath. 43___________________.Itistimetobenourishedandrefreshedasweletourworkourchoresandourimportantprojectsliefallowtrustingthattherearelargerforcesatworktakingcareoftheworldwhenweareatrest. Ifcertainplantspeciesdonotliedormantduringwintertheplantbeginstodieoff.44___________________. So"RemembertheSabbath"ismorethansimplyalifestylesuggestion.Itisacommandmentanethicalpreceptasseriousasprohibitionsagainstkiltingstealingandtying. Sabbathismorethantheabsenceofwork.Manyofusinourdesperatedrivetobesuccessfulandcareforourmanyresponsibilitiesfeelterribleguiltwhenwetaketimetorest.ButtheSabbathhasprovenitswisdomovertheages.ManyofusstillrecallwhennotlongagoshopsandofficeswhereclosedonSundays.ThosequietSundayafternoonsareembeddedinourculturalmemory. Muchofmodemlifeisspecificallydesignedtoseduceourattentionawayfromrest.Whenweareintheworldwithoureyeswideopentheseductionsareinsatiable.45___________________..Forthoseofuswithchildrenthereareendlesssoccerpracticesbaseballgameshomeworklaundryhousecleaningerrands.Everyresponsibilityeverystimuluscompetesforourattention.BuymeDomeWatchme.Tryme.Drinkme.Itisasifwehaveinadvertentlystumbledintosomehorrificwonderland. [A]Restisnotjustapsychologicalconvenience;itisabiologicalnecessity. [B]Afteryearsofnon-stoptoilinanatmospherethatrewardedfranticoverworkRudenstinecollapsed. [C]Hundredsofchannelsofcableandsatellitetelevision;phoneswithmultiplelinesandcall-waitingbeggingustotalktomorethanonepersonatatime;maile-mailandovernightmailfaxmachines;billboards;magazines;newspapers;radio. [D]SometimesyoucanhavearestonSundays.Butyourheartandsoulisnolongerquiet. [E]Sabbathisthetimethatconsecratedtoenjoyandcelebratewhatisbeautifulandgood--timetolightcandlessingsongsworshiptellstoriesblessourchildrenandlovedonesgivethankssharemealsnapwalkandevenmakelove. [F]OnceuponatimeSabbathisourheaven.Weoftenwalkinthegreenparkswithfriendsorhaveapicniclunchwiththefamily.Listeningtothebirdsonthetreesmakesmefeelpeaceful.ButwhateverhappenedtoSundaynow [G]Todayourlifeandworkrarelyfeellightpleasantorhealing. 45
Duringthe1980sunemploymentandunderemploymentinsomecountrieswasashighas90percent.Somecountriesdidnot1enoughfood;basicneedsinhousingandclothingwerenot2.Manyofthesecountrieslookedtotheindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednations3solutions. 4problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingtheindustrializednations.Industryinthedevelopednationsishighlyautomatedandvery5.Itprovidesfewerjobsthanlabor-intensiveindustrialprocessesandhighly6workersareneededto7andrepairtheequipment.Theseworkersmustbetrained8manynationsdonothavethenecessarytraininginstitutions.Thusthe9ofimportingindustrybecomeshigher. Studentsmustbesentabroadto10vocationalandprofessionaltraining.11justtobegintrainingthestudentsmust12learnEnglishFrenchGermanorJapanese.Thestudentsthenspendmanyyearsabroadand13donotreturnhome. Allnationsagreethatscienceandtechnology14beshared.Thepointis:countries15theindustrialprocessesofthedevelopednationsneedtolookcarefully16thecostsbecausemanyofthesecostsare17.Studentsfromthesenationsshould18theproblemsoftheindustrializedcountriesclosely.19caretheywilltakehomenottheproblemsofscienceandtechnology20thebenefits. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Text1 HaveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreatedunfairlyHaveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoitAreyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate ManypeopleareafraidtoassertthemselvesDr.AlbertiauthorofStandUpSpeakOutandTalkBackthinksit’sbecausetheirself-respectislow."Ourwholeset-upisdesignedtomakepeopledistrustthemselves"saysAlberti"There’salways’superior’aroundaparentateacherabosswho’knowsbetter’.Theresuperiorsoftengainwhentheychipawayatyourself-image." ButAlbertiandotherscientistsaredoingsomethingtohelppeopleassertthemselves.Theyoffer"assertivenesstraining"coursesATforshort.IntheATcoursespeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobethemselves.Theylearntospeakoutandfeelgoodaboutdoingso.Theylearntobemoreactivewithouthurtingotherpeople. Inonewaylearningtospeakoutistoovercomefear.AgrouptakinganATcoursewillhelpthetimidpersontolosehisfear.ButATusesanevenstrongermotive--theneedtoshare.Thetimidpersonspeaksoutinthegroupbecausehewantstotellhowhefeels. Whetherornotyouspeakupforyourselfdependsonyourself-image.Ifsomeoneyoufaceismore"important"thanyouyoumayfeellessofaperson.Youstarttodoubtyourowngoodsense.Yougobytheotherperson’sdemand.ButwhyshouldyouATsaysyoucangettofeelgoodaboutyourself.Andonceyoudoyoucanlearntospeakout. OnethingthatAssertivenessTrainingdoesnotdois
EventhoughshewasblindanddeafHelenKellerwasawomanwithanextraordinarysocialvision.46Whenmostwomen’srightsactivistswereworkingfortherighttovoteHelenKelleradvocatedactionthatwasmoredirectandmoreimmediatethanthevote.In1911speakinginEnglandwherewomenhadtherighttovoteshesaid:"Ourdemocracyisbutaname.WevoteWhatdoesthatmeanItmeansthatwechoosebetweentwobodiesofrealthoughnotavowedautocrats.-..Youaskforvotesforwomen.47Whatgoodcanvotesdowhenten-eleventhsofthelandofGreatBritainbelongsto200000menandonlyone-eleventhtotherestofthe40000000 Haveyourmenwiththeirmillionsofvotesfreedthemselvesfromthisinjustice"48WhenshebecameactiveandopenlysocialistaNewYorkcitynewspapertheBrooklynEaglewhichhadpreviouslytreatedherasaheroinecriticizedthathermisguidedsocialismhadsomehowdevelopedfromherblindanddeafcondition.SherepliedthatwhenonceshemettheeditoroftheBrooklynEaglehehadcomplimentedherlavishly:"ButnowthatIhavecomeoutforsocialismheremindsmeandthepublicthatIamblindanddeafandespeciallyliabletoerror." Sheadded:"OhridiculousBrooklynEagle!Whatanungallantbirditis!49Sociallyblindanddeafitdefendsanintolerablesystemasystemthatisthecauseofmuchofthephysicalblindnessanddeafnesswhichwearetryingtoprevent.TheEagleandIareatwar.Ihatethesystemwhichitrepresents---Whenitfightsbackletitfightfair...ItisnotfairfightingorgoodargumenttoremindmeandothersthatIcannotseeorhear.Icanread.IcanreadallthesocialistbooksIhavetimeforinEnglishGermanandFrench.IftheeditoroftheBrooklynEagleshouldreadsomeofthemhemightbeawisermanandmakeabetternewspaper.50IfIevercontributetothesocialistmovementthebookIsometimesdreamof;IknowwhatIshallnameit:IndustrialBlindnessandSocialDeafness." 49
Text2 Faceslikefingerprintsareunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople.’Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchild--orevenananimalsuchasapigeon--canlearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted. Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonalitywemeanthewaysinwhichheorshe.actsspeaksthinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers. Likethehumanfacehumanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata"niceface"lookedlikeyouprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea"niceperson"youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskindconsideratefriendlywarmandsoforth. Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinksfeelsandacts.GordonanAmericanpsychologistfoundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople’sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribingortypinghispersonality. Bookwormsconservativesmilitarytypes--peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.Peoplehavealwaystriedto"type"eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain’s坏人orthehero’srole.Infactthewords"person"and"personality"comefromtheLatinpersonameaning"mask."Todaymosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthe"goodguys"fromthe"badguys"becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions. Themainideaofthispassageis
Text2 Faceslikefingerprintsareunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossibleforustorecognizepeople.’Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchild--orevenananimalsuchasapigeon--canlearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted. Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonalitywemeanthewaysinwhichheorshe.actsspeaksthinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers. Likethehumanfacehumanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata"niceface"lookedlikeyouprobablywouldhaveadifficulttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescribea"niceperson"youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskindconsideratefriendlywarmandsoforth. Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinksfeelsandacts.GordonanAmericanpsychologistfoundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople’sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribingortypinghispersonality. Bookwormsconservativesmilitarytypes--peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.Peoplehavealwaystriedto"type"eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain’s坏人orthehero’srole.Infactthewords"person"and"personality"comefromtheLatinpersonameaning"mask."Todaymosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthe"goodguys"fromthe"badguys"becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions. Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopleclassifyapersonintocertaintypeaccordingto
PartA Directions: Youareamemberofthestudents’union.Youwanttoholdalecture.Writeanoticetothestudentstoinform: 1thetopicandmainlycontentsofthelecture; 2timeandplace; 3theprofessorwhowillgivethelecture. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETⅡ.
OnemorningafewyearsagoHarvardPresidentNeilRudenstineoverslept.41___________________.Onlyafterathree-monthsabbatical--duringwhichhereadessayistLewisThomaslistenedtoRavelandwalkedwithhiswifeonaCaribbeanbeach--washeabletoreturntohispost.ThatweekhispicturewasonthecoverofNewsweekmagazinebesidethebannerheadline"Exhausted!" Intherelentlessbusynessofmodernlifewehavelosttherhythmbetweenactionandrest.Ispeakwithpeopleinbusinessandeducationdoctorsandday-careworkersshopkeepersandsocialworkersparentsandteachersnursesandlawyersstudentsandtherapistscommunityactivistsandcooks.Remarkablythereisauniversalrefrain:"Iamsobusy".Themoreourlifespeedsupthemorewefeelwearyoverwhelmedandlost. 42___________________.Insteadthewholeexperienceofbeingalivebeginstomeltintooneenormousobligation.Itbecomesthestandardgreetingeverywhere:"Iamsobusy." Wesaythistooneanotherwithnosmalldegreeofpride.Thebusierwearethemoreimportantweseemtoourselvesandweimaginetoothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamilytobeunabletofindtimeforthesunsetorevennottoknowthatthesunhassetatalltowhizthroughourobligationswithouttimeforasinglemindfulbreath--thishasbecomethemodelofasuccessfullife. Becausewedonotrestweloseourway.Welosethenourishmentthatgivesussuccor.Wemissthequietthatgivesuswisdom.Poisonedbythehypnoticbeliefthatgoodthingscomeonlythroughtirelesseffortwenevertrulyrest. Thisisnottheworldwedreamedofwhenwewereyoung.Howdidwegetsoterriblyrushedinaworldsaturatedwithworkandresponsibilityyetsomehowbereftofjoyanddelight WehaveforgottentheSabbath. 43___________________.Itistimetobenourishedandrefreshedasweletourworkourchoresandourimportantprojectsliefallowtrustingthattherearelargerforcesatworktakingcareoftheworldwhenweareatrest. Ifcertainplantspeciesdonotliedormantduringwintertheplantbeginstodieoff.44___________________. So"RemembertheSabbath"ismorethansimplyalifestylesuggestion.Itisacommandmentanethicalpreceptasseriousasprohibitionsagainstkiltingstealingandtying. Sabbathismorethantheabsenceofwork.Manyofusinourdesperatedrivetobesuccessfulandcareforourmanyresponsibilitiesfeelterribleguiltwhenwetaketimetorest.ButtheSabbathhasprovenitswisdomovertheages.ManyofusstillrecallwhennotlongagoshopsandofficeswhereclosedonSundays.ThosequietSundayafternoonsareembeddedinourculturalmemory. Muchofmodemlifeisspecificallydesignedtoseduceourattentionawayfromrest.Whenweareintheworldwithoureyeswideopentheseductionsareinsatiable.45___________________..Forthoseofuswithchildrenthereareendlesssoccerpracticesbaseballgameshomeworklaundryhousecleaningerrands.Everyresponsibilityeverystimuluscompetesforourattention.BuymeDomeWatchme.Tryme.Drinkme.Itisasifwehaveinadvertentlystumbledintosomehorrificwonderland. [A]Restisnotjustapsychologicalconvenience;itisabiologicalnecessity. [B]Afteryearsofnon-stoptoilinanatmospherethatrewardedfranticoverworkRudenstinecollapsed. [C]Hundredsofchannelsofcableandsatellitetelevision;phoneswithmultiplelinesandcall-waitingbeggingustotalktomorethanonepersonatatime;maile-mailandovernightmailfaxmachines;billboards;magazines;newspapers;radio. [D]SometimesyoucanhavearestonSundays.Butyourheartandsoulisnolongerquiet. [E]Sabbathisthetimethatconsecratedtoenjoyandcelebratewhatisbeautifulandgood--timetolightcandlessingsongsworshiptellstoriesblessourchildrenandlovedonesgivethankssharemealsnapwalkandevenmakelove. [F]OnceuponatimeSabbathisourheaven.Weoftenwalkinthegreenparkswithfriendsorhaveapicniclunchwiththefamily.Listeningtothebirdsonthetreesmakesmefeelpeaceful.ButwhateverhappenedtoSundaynow [G]Todayourlifeandworkrarelyfeellightpleasantorhealing. 41
EventhoughshewasblindanddeafHelenKellerwasawomanwithanextraordinarysocialvision.46Whenmostwomen’srightsactivistswereworkingfortherighttovoteHelenKelleradvocatedactionthatwasmoredirectandmoreimmediatethanthevote.In1911speakinginEnglandwherewomenhadtherighttovoteshesaid:"Ourdemocracyisbutaname.WevoteWhatdoesthatmeanItmeansthatwechoosebetweentwobodiesofrealthoughnotavowedautocrats.-..Youaskforvotesforwomen.47Whatgoodcanvotesdowhenten-eleventhsofthelandofGreatBritainbelongsto200000menandonlyone-eleventhtotherestofthe40000000 Haveyourmenwiththeirmillionsofvotesfreedthemselvesfromthisinjustice"48WhenshebecameactiveandopenlysocialistaNewYorkcitynewspapertheBrooklynEaglewhichhadpreviouslytreatedherasaheroinecriticizedthathermisguidedsocialismhadsomehowdevelopedfromherblindanddeafcondition.SherepliedthatwhenonceshemettheeditoroftheBrooklynEaglehehadcomplimentedherlavishly:"ButnowthatIhavecomeoutforsocialismheremindsmeandthepublicthatIamblindanddeafandespeciallyliabletoerror." Sheadded:"OhridiculousBrooklynEagle!Whatanungallantbirditis!49Sociallyblindanddeafitdefendsanintolerablesystemasystemthatisthecauseofmuchofthephysicalblindnessanddeafnesswhichwearetryingtoprevent.TheEagleandIareatwar.Ihatethesystemwhichitrepresents---Whenitfightsbackletitfightfair...ItisnotfairfightingorgoodargumenttoremindmeandothersthatIcannotseeorhear.Icanread.IcanreadallthesocialistbooksIhavetimeforinEnglishGermanandFrench.IftheeditoroftheBrooklynEagleshouldreadsomeofthemhemightbeawisermanandmakeabetternewspaper.50IfIevercontributetothesocialistmovementthebookIsometimesdreamof;IknowwhatIshallnameit:IndustrialBlindnessandSocialDeafness." 47
HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:whatpersonalqualitiesare1inateacherProbablynotwopeoplewould2exactlysimilarlistsbutIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerally3. Firsttheteacher’spersonalityshouldbepleasantly4andattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysically5orevenuglybecausemanysuchhavegreatpersonal6.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesasthe7melancholyfrigidsarcasticfrustratedandoverbearing:Iwouldsaytoothatit8allofdullorpurelynegativepersonality. Secondlyitisnotmerelydesirable9essentialforateachertohaveagenuine10forsympathy--acapacitytotune11tothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeopleespeciallytothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.12relatedwiththisisthecapacitytobe13--notindeedofwhatiswrongbutofthefrailtyandimmaturityofhumannaturewhich14peopleandagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes. ThirdlyI15itessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingasaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthand16andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbe17.Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbea18ofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteachingwhichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeableto19anact--toenlivenalessoncorrectafaultor20praise.Childrenespeciallyyoungchildrenliveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points1
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