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Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.
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中学教师招聘考试《中学英语专业知识：英语语言学基础》真题及答案
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Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在15处填上正确答案
Oncetherewasalittlegirlwhocametoliveinanorphanage孤儿院.AsChristmastimewasdrawingnearalloftheotherchildren11tellingthelittlegirlaboutthebeautifulChristmastreethatwouldappearinthehalldownstairsonChristmasmorning.Aftertheirusual12eachchildwouldbegiventheironlyChristmasgiftasmallorange.Theheadmasteroftheorphanagewasvery13withthekids.SoonChristmasEvewhenhe14thelittlegirlslippingdownthestairstopeek偷看atthemuch-heard-ofChristmastreehe15thatthelittlegirlwouldnotreceiveherChristmasorangebecauseshehadbeensocuriousastodisobeytherules.Thelittlegirlranbacktoherroom16cryingatherterriblefate.Thenextmorningastheotherchildrenweregoingdownforbreakfastthelittlegirlstayedinherbed.Shecouldn’t17thethoughtofseeingtheothersreceivetheirgiftwhiletherewouldbe18forher.Laterasthechildrencamebackupstairsthelittlegirlwassurprisedtobehandedanapkin餐巾.Asshecarefullyopenedittheretoher19wasanorangeallpeeledandsectioned分瓣.Howcouldthisbe?sheasked.ThensherealizedhoweachchildhadtakenonesectionfromtheirorangeforhersothatshetoowouldhaveaChristmasorange.WhatanexampleofthetruemeaningofChristmasthoseorphanchildrenshowedthatmorning!HowI20theworldwouldshowthesamekindofconcernforothersnotonlyatChristmasbutthroughouttheyear!请在15处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在17处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在5处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在5处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在9处填上正确答案
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current11ofinnatenesstheoryaremixedhoweverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.请在9处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在19处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在9处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在11处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在13处填上正确答案
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current11ofinnatenesstheoryaremixedhoweverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.请在7处填上正确答案
Oncetherewasalittlegirlwhocametoliveinanorphanage孤儿院.AsChristmastimewasdrawingnearalloftheotherchildren11tellingthelittlegirlaboutthebeautifulChristmastreethatwouldappearinthehalldownstairsonChristmasmorning.Aftertheirusual12eachchildwouldbegiventheironlyChristmasgiftasmallorange.Theheadmasteroftheorphanagewasvery13withthekids.SoonChristmasEvewhenhe14thelittlegirlslippingdownthestairstopeek偷看atthemuch-heard-ofChristmastreehe15thatthelittlegirlwouldnotreceiveherChristmasorangebecauseshehadbeensocuriousastodisobeytherules.Thelittlegirlranbacktoherroom16cryingatherterriblefate.Thenextmorningastheotherchildrenweregoingdownforbreakfastthelittlegirlstayedinherbed.Shecouldn’t17thethoughtofseeingtheothersreceivetheirgiftwhiletherewouldbe18forher.Laterasthechildrencamebackupstairsthelittlegirlwassurprisedtobehandedanapkin餐巾.Asshecarefullyopenedittheretoher19wasanorangeallpeeledandsectioned分瓣.Howcouldthisbe?sheasked.ThensherealizedhoweachchildhadtakenonesectionfromtheirorangeforhersothatshetoowouldhaveaChristmasorange.WhatanexampleofthetruemeaningofChristmasthoseorphanchildrenshowedthatmorning!HowI20theworldwouldshowthesamekindofconcernforothersnotonlyatChristmasbutthroughouttheyear!请在19处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在17处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在1处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在1处填上正确答案
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current11ofinnatenesstheoryaremixedhoweverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.请在1处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在3处填上正确答案
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current11ofinnatenesstheoryaremixedhoweverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.请在11处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在13处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在15处填上正确答案
Oncetherewasalittlegirlwhocametoliveinanorphanage孤儿院.AsChristmastimewasdrawingnearalloftheotherchildren11tellingthelittlegirlaboutthebeautifulChristmastreethatwouldappearinthehalldownstairsonChristmasmorning.Aftertheirusual12eachchildwouldbegiventheironlyChristmasgiftasmallorange.Theheadmasteroftheorphanagewasvery13withthekids.SoonChristmasEvewhenhe14thelittlegirlslippingdownthestairstopeek偷看atthemuch-heard-ofChristmastreehe15thatthelittlegirlwouldnotreceiveherChristmasorangebecauseshehadbeensocuriousastodisobeytherules.Thelittlegirlranbacktoherroom16cryingatherterriblefate.Thenextmorningastheotherchildrenweregoingdownforbreakfastthelittlegirlstayedinherbed.Shecouldn’t17thethoughtofseeingtheothersreceivetheirgiftwhiletherewouldbe18forher.Laterasthechildrencamebackupstairsthelittlegirlwassurprisedtobehandedanapkin餐巾.Asshecarefullyopenedittheretoher19wasanorangeallpeeledandsectioned分瓣.Howcouldthisbe?sheasked.ThensherealizedhoweachchildhadtakenonesectionfromtheirorangeforhersothatshetoowouldhaveaChristmasorange.WhatanexampleofthetruemeaningofChristmasthoseorphanchildrenshowedthatmorning!HowI20theworldwouldshowthesamekindofconcernforothersnotonlyatChristmasbutthroughouttheyear!请在17处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在19处填上正确答案
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current11ofinnatenesstheoryaremixedhoweverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.请在3处填上正确答案
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisethewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalledpopularsincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18nastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19feverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalledlearnedandthe20betweenthemandthepopularwordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.请在7处填上正确答案
Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1theywerelikenewbornchildrenunabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current11ofinnatenesstheoryaremixedhoweverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.12moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.20childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.请在5处填上正确答案
Oncetherewasalittlegirlwhocametoliveinanorphanage孤儿院.AsChristmastimewasdrawingnearalloftheotherchildren11tellingthelittlegirlaboutthebeautifulChristmastreethatwouldappearinthehalldownstairsonChristmasmorning.Aftertheirusual12eachchildwouldbegiventheironlyChristmasgiftasmallorange.Theheadmasteroftheorphanagewasvery13withthekids.SoonChristmasEvewhenhe14thelittlegirlslippingdownthestairstopeek偷看atthemuch-heard-ofChristmastreehe15thatthelittlegirlwouldnotreceiveherChristmasorangebecauseshehadbeensocuriousastodisobeytherules.Thelittlegirlranbacktoherroom16cryingatherterriblefate.Thenextmorningastheotherchildrenweregoingdownforbreakfastthelittlegirlstayedinherbed.Shecouldn’t17thethoughtofseeingtheothersreceivetheirgiftwhiletherewouldbe18forher.Laterasthechildrencamebackupstairsthelittlegirlwassurprisedtobehandedanapkin餐巾.Asshecarefullyopenedittheretoher19wasanorangeallpeeledandsectioned分瓣.Howcouldthisbe?sheasked.ThensherealizedhoweachchildhadtakenonesectionfromtheirorangeforhersothatshetoowouldhaveaChristmasorange.WhatanexampleofthetruemeaningofChristmasthoseorphanchildrenshowedthatmorning!HowI20theworldwouldshowthesamekindofconcernforothersnotonlyatChristmasbutthroughouttheyear!请在13处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在3处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在11处填上正确答案
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.4someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoe-repairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950sachangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircar-drivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom14areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks20benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment.请在7处填上正确答案
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