首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
纠正了货币贬值一定有改善贸易收支作用与效果的片面看法的理论是( )。
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单项选择》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
货币贬值一定会使一国的同际贸易状况恶化
当出现需求无弹性时一国货币贬值可以导致
贸易收支改善
贸易收支恶化
出口数量下降
出口换汇增加
在弹性论的假设前提成立的前提下货币贬值要起到改善贸易收支的作用必须满足
EX+EM=1
EX+EM>1
EX+EM<1
EX+EM≠1
国际收支调整的弹性论吸收论和货币论对货币贬值影响国际收支的效果均有论述阐明各派观点并作简要评论
如果某国的进口需求弹性为0.3出口商品的需求弹性为0.6则根据马歇尔-勒纳条件下列说法中正确的是
由于 0.3+0.6<1，因此该国货币贬值可以改善贸易收支
由于 0.3+0.6<1，因此该国货币贬值对改善贸易收支无影响
由于 0.3+0.6<1，因此该国货币贬值反而导致贸易收支恶化
由于 0.6<1，因此该国货币贬值反而导致贸易收支恶化
货币贬值不一定能改善一国的贸易收支
假定一国非充分就业拥有足够的闲置生产资源则通过本国货币贬值会使当期贸易收支
改善
恶化
不变
不确定
本国货币贬值会使本国国际收支改善本国贸易条件恶化
汇率变动通常会对一国的贸易条件产生重大影响货币贬值时贸易条 件改善货币升值时贸易条件恶化
马歇尔—勒纳条件指当一国的出口需求弹性与进口需求弹性之和时该国货币贬值才有利于改善贸易收支
大于0
小于0
大于1
小于1
按照国际收支理论不考虑其他因素的情况下一国国际收支顺差会导致
对该国货币需求增加，该国货币升值
对该国货币需求减少，该国货币贬值
对该国货币需求增加，该国货币贬值
对该国货币需求减少，该国货币升值
试运用国际收支的货币主义理论分析货币贬值能否真正解决一国国际收支的逆差问题
阐明货币贬值对贸易收支影响的国际收支学说是
吸收说
弹性说
货币说
政策搭配说
在货币贬值的程度大于国内物价上涨的程度而且其他国家不同时实行同等程度的货币贬值或采取其它报复性措施的
货币贬值不能起到扩大出口的作用
货币贬值能起到扩大出口的作用
货币贬值能起到扩大对外贸易的作用
货币贬值不能起到扩大对外贸易的作用
马歇尔-勒纳条件指货币贬值后只有出口商品的需求弹性和出口商品供给弹性之和大于 1贸易收支才能改善
一国货币贬值总是导致其经常性收支状况改善
马歇尔—勒纳条件是指货币贬值后只有出口商品的需求弹性和出口商品的供给弹性之和大于1贸易收支才能改善
弹性论正确的指出了货币贬值对不同国家的不同影响一般来讲
对于发达国家货币贬值改善贸易收支的作用较大
对于发达国家货币贬值改善贸易收支的作用较小
对于发展中国家货币贬值改善贸易收支的作用较大
对于发展中国家货币贬值改善贸易收支的作用较小
在进出口需求无弹性的情况下 货币贬值能改善贸易收支即增加出口减少进口
简述在可调整的固定汇率制度下一国货币贬值对贸易收支产生的不同影响
热门试题
更多
YoucannotbuyPradashoesonPrada.com.InfacttherearenoworkinglinksontheWebsite.Thisisnotatechnicaldisorder.Sincethelate’9OsthesitehasbeenasinglepagewithonlythenameoftheItalianfashionhouseandtwophotographs.Nostorelocationsorhelpnumbers.Nothing.IlovePradapondersNinaDietzelpresidentofWeb-designcompany300FeetOut.Butwhat’supwiththeir’site’PradaclaimsanewWebsiteisunderdevelopment.Buthavingamysteriouslyuselesshomepageitadmitshasanallure.Itscreamsexclusivity:youcanseebutyoucan’tclick.It’sauniquelyPradasolutiontothisriddle:howtomakeyourluxurybrandworkontheInternetwithoutdiminishingitsvalue.InasensetheInternetisantitheticaltothehightouchluxuryexperience.ThereisnoindulgencebysalesstaffandcustomershavecometoseetheNetasapathtocheappricesnottop-dollargoods.There’snovelvetrope:anyonecanplaceanorderorsetupshop.That’swhyPradastrivestomaintainthelinkbetweenitsnameandtheextravagantexperienceofshoppingatstoreslikeits$40millionNewYorkflagshipdesignedbyRemKoolhaas.UnlikePradamostluxurycompaniescan’taffordtoignoretheWeb:intheUnitedStatesecommerceaccountedfor$2.5billioninluxurysales.Thatfigureisexpectedtogrowto$7billionby2010saysForresterResearch.It’sstillasmallfractionofthetotalmarketcomparedtootherretailsectorsbutfiveyearsagoanalystssaidtherewasnowayluxurywouldsellonline.Theywerebettingcustomerswouldn’tpaythatmuchontheWebandtopbrandswouldn’tgoslumminginthisbargainbasement.Oneofthefirsthigh-endluxuryretailersAshford.comhadmanywell-publicizedstruggleswithitsstockdroppingtonearrockbottomin2001.CompanieslikeNeimanMarcusthathavestrongcatalogsaleshavemadethetransitiontotheWebmoreeasily;onlinesalesarethecompany’sfastest-growingsourceofrevenue.SwisswatchmakersBreitlingandPatekPhilippehavetakenanothertackwithWebsitesthatofferonlyinformationnotsales.BreitlingdirectorofmarketingBenBalmersaysaluxurybrandneedstoofferabuyingexperiencethatonlyawell-runstorecanprovide.Howeverhenotesthatsince2002ithaspresented30percentfewercatalogsintheUnitedStatesandseensalesrisemorethan35percentthankstoexposureontheInternet.PradamaynotneedaworkingWebsiteafterall.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthesalesoninternet
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.16
CouldHIVthevirusthatcausesAIDSbeweakeningTheresultsofastudyconductedinBelgiumattheInstituteofTropicalMedicineinAntwerpseemtosuggestthatinonecorneroftheworlditmightbe.ThereportpublishedinthelatestissueofAIDSaspecialistjournalconcludesthatHIV’sabilitytoreplicateknowntechnicallyasitsvirulencemayhavedecreasedsincethestartofthepandemic.KevinAdentheleadauthorofthepaperstressesthatthestudyisbasedonasmallsetofsamplesanddoesnotprovethatHIV’svirulenceisattenuatingaroundtheworld.Howeveritdoesoffernewinsightsintotheevolutionofthedisease.Dr.Arienlookedat24bloodsamplescollectedfromuntreatedpatientsattendinganHIV/AIDSclinicinAntwerp.Adozenofthesesamplesweretakenbetween1986and1989;theother12werecollectedbetween2002and2003.Firstheanalyzedthesamplestofindtheirviralloadthenumberofvirusparticlespercubiccentimeterandthesubtypeofvirusinvolved.InEuropeandNorthAmericathepredominantsubtypeisB;insub-SaharanAfricawheretheepidemicisatitsworstthepredominantsubtypeisC.MostofDr.Arien’ssampleswereofsubtypeB.Havingdonethisanalysishepairedthesamplesoffforaseriesofreplicativeduels.Eachsamplefromtheearlierserieswasmatchedwiththemostsimilaronefromthelaterseriesandtheywereplacedinidenticalcellculturestoseewhichwouldmultiplythemost.Theresultwasthat75%ofthevirusesfrom2002-03werelessvirulentthanapparentlysimilarcounterpartsfrom1986-89--astatisticallysignificantobservation.Dr.Arien’scautionissensibleatleastuntilsomeonereplicatestheworkelsewhere.Buthisconclusionisnotnecessarilysurprising.Suchviralattenuationasitisknownisonewaythatvaccinesareproduced.Whatcausesattenuationinwildvirusesthoughisamatterofspeculation.DrArienbelievesthatinthiscasetheattenuationcouldbetheresultofwhathecallsserialgeneticbottlenecksduringtransmissionfromhosttohost.Theseacttoreducethegeneticdiversityandthusthereplicativefitnessofthevirus.GeneticdiversityisknowntobeanimportantcomponentofHIV’svirulence.Butwhatmightcausethebottlenecksisstillunclear.AsecondreasonforcautionbesidesthesmallsizeofthestudyisasGeoffreyGarnettaprofessorofmicroparasiteepidemiologyatImperialCollegeLondonpointsoutthattheabilityofavirustoinfectcellsinatest-tubeisnotthesameasitsabilitytocausediseaseanddeathinahumanhost.NeverthelessDrAden’sresultisintriguingandsurelyworthfollowingupinalargerpieceofresearch.BysayingDr.Arien’scautionissensibleLine1Paragraph3theauthorimpliesthat
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.8
Soyou’vebeenwithyourcompanyforawhileandhavebeenexceedingallofyourmanager’sexpectations.Youworkhardareagreatteamplayercomeupwithnewideastotakethebusinessfurtherandareanall-aroundjoyintheworkplace. Ifyouhaven’tbeenpromotedorbeenbumpedupinsalaryautomaticallyitmightbetimetotakethebullbythehornsandapproachthistopicyourself.Whileaskingforaraisemakesmanypeopleuncomfortableandnervousthesituationcanbeabreezeifhandledcorrectly. Thefollowingareafewstepstofollowtomakesureyourrequestdoesnotfallondeafears: 41.Doyourresearch. Likeanyotherelementofyourcareeritallstartswithresearch.Inordertopresentyourmanagerwithacompellingcaseinyourfavoryouneedtoknowwhatthegoingrateisforsomeonewithyourexperienceandinyourposition. 42.Outlineacaseforyourself. Whengoingintoanykindofnegotiationsessionyouneedtobeequippedwiththerightamountofammunition.Beforeyouwalkintoyourmeetinglookbackatyourtimewiththecompanyandhighlightyouraceomplishments.Comeupwithalistofspecificexamplesofwaysyouhavebeenavaluableassettothebusiness.Findfactsandfiguresthatdemonstratewhatyouhaveexcelledusingnumberswheneverpossible. Ifyoureallywanttoknocktheirsocksoffputyouraccomplishmentsintoaformalpresentationalbeitbriefthatoutlineseachofyourgoalsandhowyouhaveachievedthem.Thiswilldemonstratethatyouareprofessionalwillingtogotheextramileandhavethoughtaboutyourrequestthoroughly. 43.Knowwhat’sgoingoninyourneighborhood. Therearegoodtimesandbadtimestoaskforaraiseatanycompany. Scheduleampletimetopresentyourcaseandmakesureyourtimingisright. Askingforaraiseontheflyafterjustwalkingintoyourmanager’sofficetochatwillnotbenefityouorimpressyourboss. Makesureyouhavetimetopresentyourcaseandthatyourmanagerhastimetothinkaboutyourpresentation.Requestameetingwithyoursupervisoratleastahalf-hourlong.Thinkaboutyourtimingwhenyouschedulethemeetingtoo.Ifyourdepartmenthasabevyofdeadlinestomeetattheendofeachmonthdon’tscheduleyourmeetingonthe29th.Pickatimewhenyourmanagerwillbesuretobeinagoodmoodandnotoverlystressed. 44.Avoidthreatsordemands. Thelastthingyouwanttodoistoputyoursupervisoronthedefensive. Beprofessionalandifyourjobisworthkeepingwillingtolistentotheotherside.Keepthemeetingpositiveandyouroutcomewillbemorepositive. 45.Rememberthatnotallperksaremonetary. Don’tfallintothetrapofthinkingyouarenotvaluedifyoudonotgetexactlywhatyouhadexpected. [A]Ifyouapproachyourmanagerforaraiseinatimeofdownsizingandcost-cuttingyouwillnotonlybedeniedbutwillalsoshowthatyouarenotintunewiththecompany’sneeds.Makesureyouunderstandyourcompany’soverallfinancialsituation. [B]Forexampleifyoudevelopedamarketingplanthathelpedincreasesalesmakesureyouhavethosesalesfiguresonhandaswellasyourroleintheplananditsexecution.Besuretotieyourownsuccessintotheoverallsuccessofthecompany. [C]Ifyourcompanyisstrappedfinanciallybutyouandyourmanagerstillcometotheconclusionthatitistimeforyoutoberewardedforyourperformanceyoumightbeabletonegotiateforstockoptionsmorevacationtimeorothernon-monetarybenefits. [D]Whenyoucomeupwithyourdesiredraiseinyourbasesalarygoover2%.Ifyouwant8%thenaskfor10%. [E]YoucanfindoutwhatothersinyourindustryandincomparablepositionsarerakinginbylookingatonlineresourcesthroughtheBureauofLaborStatisticsorinbookslike"TheAmericanAlmanacofJobsandSalaries"byJohnW.WrightQuill. [F]Goingintoameetingwiththe"ifIdon’tgetitI’mleaving"attitudewillonlytellyourcompanyyouareuncompromisingandonlyoutfornumberone. 44
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.6
46.TheAmericansociologistTalcottParsonsbelievedthatthetwomostimportantfunctionsofthemodernfamilyaretheprimarysocializationofchildrenandthestabilizationofadultpersonalitiesthroughmarriageandtheraisingofchildren.Hisownconcernwasparticularlywiththemiddle-classAmericanfamilybuttheseimportantaspectsoffamilylifearealsoapplicablemuchmorewidely.Inthepresentcontextitisworthwhiletolookespeciallyatprimarysocialization. 47.Primarysocializationreferstothetrainingofchildrenduringtheirearliestyearswhereassecondarysocializationreferstolaterinfluencesonthedevelopmentofthechild’spersonalityandlearningactivitiessuchashisinvolvementwithteachersandwithotherchildrenatschool.Primarysocializationisinmostsocietiescarriedoutessentiallywithinthefamilyaspartofchildrearing.Inthemodernfamilyparentstakeresponsibilityforraisingandteachingtheirchildrensuchbasicthingsaslanguageandcorrectbehavior.Toilettrainingteachingchildrenhowtoeatcorrectlyandencouragingchildrentogetalongwithothersareallaspectsofchildrearing.Howeveritisnotonlythesemoremundaneaspectsofbehaviorthatchildrenlearn.Childrenarealsoimplicitlyencouragedtodevelopthevaluesoftheparentsandoftilesocietyinwhichtheylive.InAmericansocietywhichwasParsons’mainconcernthesevaluesincludeindependencemotivationforachievementandcompetition.Inothersocietiesdifferentvaluessuchascooperationandegalitarianismmaybestressed.48.Yettheprinciplebehindprimarysocializationindifferentsocietiesisthesame:thedevelopmentofsocialvaluesmustbeachievedinanenvironmentofloveandsecurityasisfoundintheidealfamilyanywhereintheworld. Howeverfewfamiliesareideal.Studiesofthefamiliesofemotionallydisturbedchildrenhaveshownthatunsatisfactoryrelationshipsbetweenhusbandsandwivescanhavedetrimentaleffectsonchildren. Sometimesachildisusedasascapegoat.Theparentsblameorevenphysicallyabusethechildinordertocoveruptheirowndifficulties.49.Insuchaeasethechildoftenfailstodevelopthevaluestheparentswishtoinstillinhimdevelopinginsteadantisocialhabitsleadingtodeviantbehaviorinlaterlife.Indeedthecyclemayberepeatedifsuchapersonintimemarrieshasafamilyofhisownandtreatshischildreninthesameway.Nonethelessthereisnoreasontosupposethatallchildrenofunsatisfactorymarriagesaretreatedinsuchawayorfailtoovercomethedifficultiestheyhaveaschildren. 50.SomesocialscientistshaveevensuggestedthattheisolatednuclearfamilyasitexistsinWesternindustrializedsocietiesistoblameforthesocialillsfoundinthosesocieties.Theyclaimthatinthepastmoresupportwasofferedfromthewiderkinnetworkandfromthecommunityasawhole--asisstillthecaseinless-developedpartsoftheworldTheBritishpsychiatristsR.D.LaingandDavidCoopersuggestedthatthemodernfamilyisdysfunctionalinthatbyitsverynatureitforcesuponchildrenanundueemphasisonobediencetoauthority.Thesenegativeviewpointsasidemostexpertsaswellasmostparentsagreethattheprimarysocializationprocessinthemodernfamilyoffersbenefitsbotht6thechildandtotheparents. TheAmericansociologistTalcottParsonsbelievedthatthetwomostimportantfunctionsofthemodernfamilyaretheprimarysocializationofchildrenandthestabilizationofadultpersonalitiesthroughmarriageandtheraisingofchildren
DespitethedoubtsanddespitecomplaintsfromshopownersLondon’scongestioncharge--introducedinFebruary2003--hasmanagedtoeasethegridlockinthecitycentre.Trafficisdownby18%jamsby30%.Thescheme’sbiggestweaknessisthatitiscrude:driverspay￡8$14toenterthezonebetween7amand6:30pmregardlessofhowcongestedtheroadsareorhowlongtheystay.Soroad-pricingfansarewatchingtrialsbyTransportforLondonTfLofanewdetectionsystemcalledtag-and-beaconwithinterest.UndersuchaschemeusedinSingaporeandonsomeEuropeanroadscarsarefittedwithelectronictagsthatarereadbyroadsidemasts.IfthetrialissuccessfulTfLsaysthatthecitycouldswitchtothesystemoncethecontracttorunthecongestionchargeisre-letin2009.Currentlycamerasareusedtoreadlicenseplatesandtrackmotorists.Theyarenotalwaysreliable:anindividualcameraidentifiesonlyaround70%ofcars.Mostdrivengetphotographedmorethanoncewhichbooststhesystem’seffectivenesstoover95%butthatstillleavesseveralthousandvehiclesperdaywhosedetailsmustbelaboriouslycheckedbyhand.Tag-and-beacontechnologyismuchmoreaccuratewithanidentificationrateofover99%.TfLsaysthetrialispartlydesignedtoseewhetherthenewsystemcouldallowdriverstopaychargesbydirectdebit.Thatwouldbepopularwithmotoristswhocomplainthatthecurrentpaymentsystemisunfriendly:thetollforaday’stravelmustbepaidmanually--onlinebyphoneorinashop--bymidnightwithsteepfinesleviedonforgetfuldrivers.Moreprecisedetectionalsoallowsformoreprecisioninpolicyandroad-pricingenthusiastsseeradicalpossibilitiesahead.TfLsaysitisconsideringusingthenewtechnologytochargedriverseachtimetheycrossthezoneboundaryuptoadailymaximuminsteadofpayingonceforanentireday’stravel.Thatwouldbecheaperfordriverswhomakefewtripsintothezonealthoughdriverswhospendalongtimetrundlingaroundwithoutleavingtherebycausingthemostcongestionwouldgetofflightlytoo.Furtherrefinementsmaybepossible.Thecurrentsystemhascuttrafficmostdrasticallyinthemiddleofthedaywhencongestionisatitslowest.Demandforroadspacewouldbettermatchsupplyifchargeswerevariable--highatthebusiesttimesofdayandlowinquietperiods.Suchatime-sensitivevariable-chargingschemeusingatag-and-beaconsystemwasendorsedlastyearbyBobKileytheTfL’sbosswhoalsosaidthathewantedtoextendthecongestionchargetootherpartsofLondon.ThatwouldbecontroversialandMr.Kiley’sunderlingswerequicktoinsistthathismusingswerenotofficialpolicy.ButtheoriginalschemewascontroversialtooyetKenLivingstoneLondon’smayoranditsbiggestbackerwasre-electedafterintroducingit.Itwouldbeashameiftimiditytookholdnow.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat
对有害外部性的商品必须
CouldHIVthevirusthatcausesAIDSbeweakeningTheresultsofastudyconductedinBelgiumattheInstituteofTropicalMedicineinAntwerpseemtosuggestthatinonecorneroftheworlditmightbe.ThereportpublishedinthelatestissueofAIDSaspecialistjournalconcludesthatHIV’sabilitytoreplicateknowntechnicallyasitsvirulencemayhavedecreasedsincethestartofthepandemic.KevinAdentheleadauthorofthepaperstressesthatthestudyisbasedonasmallsetofsamplesanddoesnotprovethatHIV’svirulenceisattenuatingaroundtheworld.Howeveritdoesoffernewinsightsintotheevolutionofthedisease.Dr.Arienlookedat24bloodsamplescollectedfromuntreatedpatientsattendinganHIV/AIDSclinicinAntwerp.Adozenofthesesamplesweretakenbetween1986and1989;theother12werecollectedbetween2002and2003.Firstheanalyzedthesamplestofindtheirviralloadthenumberofvirusparticlespercubiccentimeterandthesubtypeofvirusinvolved.InEuropeandNorthAmericathepredominantsubtypeisB;insub-SaharanAfricawheretheepidemicisatitsworstthepredominantsubtypeisC.MostofDr.Arien’ssampleswereofsubtypeB.Havingdonethisanalysishepairedthesamplesoffforaseriesofreplicativeduels.Eachsamplefromtheearlierserieswasmatchedwiththemostsimilaronefromthelaterseriesandtheywereplacedinidenticalcellculturestoseewhichwouldmultiplythemost.Theresultwasthat75%ofthevirusesfrom2002-03werelessvirulentthanapparentlysimilarcounterpartsfrom1986-89--astatisticallysignificantobservation.Dr.Arien’scautionissensibleatleastuntilsomeonereplicatestheworkelsewhere.Buthisconclusionisnotnecessarilysurprising.Suchviralattenuationasitisknownisonewaythatvaccinesareproduced.Whatcausesattenuationinwildvirusesthoughisamatterofspeculation.DrArienbelievesthatinthiscasetheattenuationcouldbetheresultofwhathecallsserialgeneticbottlenecksduringtransmissionfromhosttohost.Theseacttoreducethegeneticdiversityandthusthereplicativefitnessofthevirus.GeneticdiversityisknowntobeanimportantcomponentofHIV’svirulence.Butwhatmightcausethebottlenecksisstillunclear.AsecondreasonforcautionbesidesthesmallsizeofthestudyisasGeoffreyGarnettaprofessorofmicroparasiteepidemiologyatImperialCollegeLondonpointsoutthattheabilityofavirustoinfectcellsinatest-tubeisnotthesameasitsabilitytocausediseaseanddeathinahumanhost.NeverthelessDrAden’sresultisintriguingandsurelyworthfollowingupinalargerpieceofresearch.Wecanlearnfrompara.2that
相对其他金融机构商业银行的基本特征是什么
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.12
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.4
YoucannotbuyPradashoesonPrada.com.InfacttherearenoworkinglinksontheWebsite.Thisisnotatechnicaldisorder.Sincethelate’9OsthesitehasbeenasinglepagewithonlythenameoftheItalianfashionhouseandtwophotographs.Nostorelocationsorhelpnumbers.Nothing.IlovePradapondersNinaDietzelpresidentofWeb-designcompany300FeetOut.Butwhat’supwiththeir’site’PradaclaimsanewWebsiteisunderdevelopment.Buthavingamysteriouslyuselesshomepageitadmitshasanallure.Itscreamsexclusivity:youcanseebutyoucan’tclick.It’sauniquelyPradasolutiontothisriddle:howtomakeyourluxurybrandworkontheInternetwithoutdiminishingitsvalue.InasensetheInternetisantitheticaltothehightouchluxuryexperience.ThereisnoindulgencebysalesstaffandcustomershavecometoseetheNetasapathtocheappricesnottop-dollargoods.There’snovelvetrope:anyonecanplaceanorderorsetupshop.That’swhyPradastrivestomaintainthelinkbetweenitsnameandtheextravagantexperienceofshoppingatstoreslikeits$40millionNewYorkflagshipdesignedbyRemKoolhaas.UnlikePradamostluxurycompaniescan’taffordtoignoretheWeb:intheUnitedStatesecommerceaccountedfor$2.5billioninluxurysales.Thatfigureisexpectedtogrowto$7billionby2010saysForresterResearch.It’sstillasmallfractionofthetotalmarketcomparedtootherretailsectorsbutfiveyearsagoanalystssaidtherewasnowayluxurywouldsellonline.Theywerebettingcustomerswouldn’tpaythatmuchontheWebandtopbrandswouldn’tgoslumminginthisbargainbasement.Oneofthefirsthigh-endluxuryretailersAshford.comhadmanywell-publicizedstruggleswithitsstockdroppingtonearrockbottomin2001.CompanieslikeNeimanMarcusthathavestrongcatalogsaleshavemadethetransitiontotheWebmoreeasily;onlinesalesarethecompany’sfastest-growingsourceofrevenue.SwisswatchmakersBreitlingandPatekPhilippehavetakenanothertackwithWebsitesthatofferonlyinformationnotsales.BreitlingdirectorofmarketingBenBalmersaysaluxurybrandneedstoofferabuyingexperiencethatonlyawell-runstorecanprovide.Howeverhenotesthatsince2002ithaspresented30percentfewercatalogsintheUnitedStatesandseensalesrisemorethan35percentthankstoexposureontheInternet.PradamaynotneedaworkingWebsiteafterall.WhydoesPradaignorethesalesonWeb.
Agrowingnumberofwomenarerisingtothetop--andbeginningtochangethecultureoftheworkplace.Thisshouldbeaseasonofcelebration.Afterallbymanymeasuresthere’sneverbeenabettertimetobeawoman.InplaceslikeScandinaviaandBritainathirdormoreofallcorporatemanagersarenowwomen.ThenumberoffemaleexecutivedirectorsofFISE100companiesnearlydoubledfrom2000to2004.LatinAmericahasseena50percentjumpinthenumberofwomenpoliticiansinthelastdecade.Japanvoted26newfemaleparliamentariansintoofficethisyear.Ofcoursethejewelintheequal-opportunitycrownwasthisfall’selectionofAngelaMerkel--oncenicknamedtheGirlbyHelmutKohl--toGermany’shighestoffice.Butasalwaysstatisticstellamultifacetedstory.Sureit’snolongerananomalytohaveafemaleCEO--buttherearestillonly17femaleexecutivedirectorsinthelargestFTSE100companies.IntheEUParliamentonly23outof162membersarefemale.InBritainstudiesshowthatwomenhaveneverbeenmoredissatisfiedwiththeworkplace.Nowonder:theEUpaygapbetweenmenandwomenshrankonlyonepointinthelastcoupleofyearsto17.5percent.SowheredoesallthisleaveusWithsomebigchallengesthatrequiremorefemaleleadershiptosolve.Atsomemajorcompanies--includingShellandBritishTelecom--womenarecombatingtheold-boys’clubatmospherebystartingtheirownnetworkslinkingtopfemaleleaderswithup-and-comerstheycanmentor.Laborflexibilityisalsoontheagenda;inpartsofEuropetopfemalelegislatorshavefoughttogiveemployeeswithchildrenorelderlyparentstherighttoaskforadjustablehours.Perhapsmostimportantthereisanincreasinglyvibrantdebatearoundwork-lifebalance.Studyafterstudyshowsthatitisaworkingwoman’ssecondfull-timejob--ascaregiver--thatmakesitmostdifficultforhertostayonthecareerladder.Whileextrabenefitsandlongermaternityleavecanhelptheyaren’tacompletesolution.Clearlysomeout-of-the-boxthinkingisrequired.Andthat’swherewomencomein.IncountrieslikeCameroonBoliviaandMalaysiagreaternumbersofwomeninpublicofficehaveresultedinlessspendingonthemilitaryandmoreonhealtheducationandinfrastructure.Norway’swoman-heavyParliamentrecentlypassedalawmandatingthat40percentofdirectorsoncorporateboardsbewomen.AndinGermanythearchetypaloutsider--awomanwhogrewuponthewrongsideoftheIronCurtain--willlikelytakethehelminacountrywithvirtuallynootherwomenintoppositionsofpower.NolongertheGirlbutpoisedtobecomethechancellorMerkelisasymbolofhowfarwomenhavecome--andtheworkthatremainstobedone.Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.18
DespitethedoubtsanddespitecomplaintsfromshopownersLondon’scongestioncharge--introducedinFebruary2003--hasmanagedtoeasethegridlockinthecitycentre.Trafficisdownby18%jamsby30%.Thescheme’sbiggestweaknessisthatitiscrude:driverspay￡8$14toenterthezonebetween7amand6:30pmregardlessofhowcongestedtheroadsareorhowlongtheystay.Soroad-pricingfansarewatchingtrialsbyTransportforLondonTfLofanewdetectionsystemcalledtag-and-beaconwithinterest.UndersuchaschemeusedinSingaporeandonsomeEuropeanroadscarsarefittedwithelectronictagsthatarereadbyroadsidemasts.IfthetrialissuccessfulTfLsaysthatthecitycouldswitchtothesystemoncethecontracttorunthecongestionchargeisre-letin2009.Currentlycamerasareusedtoreadlicenseplatesandtrackmotorists.Theyarenotalwaysreliable:anindividualcameraidentifiesonlyaround70%ofcars.Mostdrivengetphotographedmorethanoncewhichbooststhesystem’seffectivenesstoover95%butthatstillleavesseveralthousandvehiclesperdaywhosedetailsmustbelaboriouslycheckedbyhand.Tag-and-beacontechnologyismuchmoreaccuratewithanidentificationrateofover99%.TfLsaysthetrialispartlydesignedtoseewhetherthenewsystemcouldallowdriverstopaychargesbydirectdebit.Thatwouldbepopularwithmotoristswhocomplainthatthecurrentpaymentsystemisunfriendly:thetollforaday’stravelmustbepaidmanually--onlinebyphoneorinashop--bymidnightwithsteepfinesleviedonforgetfuldrivers.Moreprecisedetectionalsoallowsformoreprecisioninpolicyandroad-pricingenthusiastsseeradicalpossibilitiesahead.TfLsaysitisconsideringusingthenewtechnologytochargedriverseachtimetheycrossthezoneboundaryuptoadailymaximuminsteadofpayingonceforanentireday’stravel.Thatwouldbecheaperfordriverswhomakefewtripsintothezonealthoughdriverswhospendalongtimetrundlingaroundwithoutleavingtherebycausingthemostcongestionwouldgetofflightlytoo.Furtherrefinementsmaybepossible.Thecurrentsystemhascuttrafficmostdrasticallyinthemiddleofthedaywhencongestionisatitslowest.Demandforroadspacewouldbettermatchsupplyifchargeswerevariable--highatthebusiesttimesofdayandlowinquietperiods.Suchatime-sensitivevariable-chargingschemeusingatag-and-beaconsystemwasendorsedlastyearbyBobKileytheTfL’sbosswhoalsosaidthathewantedtoextendthecongestionchargetootherpartsofLondon.ThatwouldbecontroversialandMr.Kiley’sunderlingswerequicktoinsistthathismusingswerenotofficialpolicy.ButtheoriginalschemewascontroversialtooyetKenLivingstoneLondon’smayoranditsbiggestbackerwasre-electedafterintroducingit.Itwouldbeashameiftimiditytookholdnow.Fromparagraph1weknowthatLondon’scongestionchargescheme
YoucannotbuyPradashoesonPrada.com.InfacttherearenoworkinglinksontheWebsite.Thisisnotatechnicaldisorder.Sincethelate’9OsthesitehasbeenasinglepagewithonlythenameoftheItalianfashionhouseandtwophotographs.Nostorelocationsorhelpnumbers.Nothing.IlovePradapondersNinaDietzelpresidentofWeb-designcompany300FeetOut.Butwhat’supwiththeir’site’PradaclaimsanewWebsiteisunderdevelopment.Buthavingamysteriouslyuselesshomepageitadmitshasanallure.Itscreamsexclusivity:youcanseebutyoucan’tclick.It’sauniquelyPradasolutiontothisriddle:howtomakeyourluxurybrandworkontheInternetwithoutdiminishingitsvalue.InasensetheInternetisantitheticaltothehightouchluxuryexperience.ThereisnoindulgencebysalesstaffandcustomershavecometoseetheNetasapathtocheappricesnottop-dollargoods.There’snovelvetrope:anyonecanplaceanorderorsetupshop.That’swhyPradastrivestomaintainthelinkbetweenitsnameandtheextravagantexperienceofshoppingatstoreslikeits$40millionNewYorkflagshipdesignedbyRemKoolhaas.UnlikePradamostluxurycompaniescan’taffordtoignoretheWeb:intheUnitedStatesecommerceaccountedfor$2.5billioninluxurysales.Thatfigureisexpectedtogrowto$7billionby2010saysForresterResearch.It’sstillasmallfractionofthetotalmarketcomparedtootherretailsectorsbutfiveyearsagoanalystssaidtherewasnowayluxurywouldsellonline.Theywerebettingcustomerswouldn’tpaythatmuchontheWebandtopbrandswouldn’tgoslumminginthisbargainbasement.Oneofthefirsthigh-endluxuryretailersAshford.comhadmanywell-publicizedstruggleswithitsstockdroppingtonearrockbottomin2001.CompanieslikeNeimanMarcusthathavestrongcatalogsaleshavemadethetransitiontotheWebmoreeasily;onlinesalesarethecompany’sfastest-growingsourceofrevenue.SwisswatchmakersBreitlingandPatekPhilippehavetakenanothertackwithWebsitesthatofferonlyinformationnotsales.BreitlingdirectorofmarketingBenBalmersaysaluxurybrandneedstoofferabuyingexperiencethatonlyawell-runstorecanprovide.Howeverhenotesthatsince2002ithaspresented30percentfewercatalogsintheUnitedStatesandseensalesrisemorethan35percentthankstoexposureontheInternet.PradamaynotneedaworkingWebsiteafterall.InthefirstparagraphtheinternetofPradaismentionedto
不影响商业银行创造派生存款能力的因素有
下表列举的是银行报出的GBP/USD的即期与远期汇率银行A银行B银行C即期汇率1.6830/401.6831/391.6832/423个月汇水39/3642/3839/36问你将从银行按最佳汇率买进远期英镑
菲利普•莫里斯发行一种半年付息的债券具有如下特性利率为8%收益率为8%期限为15年麦考利久期为10年1利用上述信息计算调整后的久期2解释为什么调整后的久期是计算债券利率敏感性的较好方法3确定调整后的持有期变动的方向如果①息票率为4%而不是8%②到期期限为7年而不是15年4确定凸性说明在给定利率变化的情况下调整后的久期与凸性是怎样用来估计债券价格的变动的
Agrowingnumberofwomenarerisingtothetop--andbeginningtochangethecultureoftheworkplace.Thisshouldbeaseasonofcelebration.Afterallbymanymeasuresthere’sneverbeenabettertimetobeawoman.InplaceslikeScandinaviaandBritainathirdormoreofallcorporatemanagersarenowwomen.ThenumberoffemaleexecutivedirectorsofFISE100companiesnearlydoubledfrom2000to2004.LatinAmericahasseena50percentjumpinthenumberofwomenpoliticiansinthelastdecade.Japanvoted26newfemaleparliamentariansintoofficethisyear.Ofcoursethejewelintheequal-opportunitycrownwasthisfall’selectionofAngelaMerkel--oncenicknamedtheGirlbyHelmutKohl--toGermany’shighestoffice.Butasalwaysstatisticstellamultifacetedstory.Sureit’snolongerananomalytohaveafemaleCEO--buttherearestillonly17femaleexecutivedirectorsinthelargestFTSE100companies.IntheEUParliamentonly23outof162membersarefemale.InBritainstudiesshowthatwomenhaveneverbeenmoredissatisfiedwiththeworkplace.Nowonder:theEUpaygapbetweenmenandwomenshrankonlyonepointinthelastcoupleofyearsto17.5percent.SowheredoesallthisleaveusWithsomebigchallengesthatrequiremorefemaleleadershiptosolve.Atsomemajorcompanies--includingShellandBritishTelecom--womenarecombatingtheold-boys’clubatmospherebystartingtheirownnetworkslinkingtopfemaleleaderswithup-and-comerstheycanmentor.Laborflexibilityisalsoontheagenda;inpartsofEuropetopfemalelegislatorshavefoughttogiveemployeeswithchildrenorelderlyparentstherighttoaskforadjustablehours.Perhapsmostimportantthereisanincreasinglyvibrantdebatearoundwork-lifebalance.Studyafterstudyshowsthatitisaworkingwoman’ssecondfull-timejob--ascaregiver--thatmakesitmostdifficultforhertostayonthecareerladder.Whileextrabenefitsandlongermaternityleavecanhelptheyaren’tacompletesolution.Clearlysomeout-of-the-boxthinkingisrequired.Andthat’swherewomencomein.IncountrieslikeCameroonBoliviaandMalaysiagreaternumbersofwomeninpublicofficehaveresultedinlessspendingonthemilitaryandmoreonhealtheducationandinfrastructure.Norway’swoman-heavyParliamentrecentlypassedalawmandatingthat40percentofdirectorsoncorporateboardsbewomen.AndinGermanythearchetypaloutsider--awomanwhogrewuponthewrongsideoftheIronCurtain--willlikelytakethehelminacountrywithvirtuallynootherwomenintoppositionsofpower.NolongertheGirlbutpoisedtobecomethechancellorMerkelisasymbolofhowfarwomenhavecome--andtheworkthatremainstobedone.Bysayingsomeout-of-the-boxthinkingisrequiredtheauthormeansthat
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.20
Soyou’vebeenwithyourcompanyforawhileandhavebeenexceedingallofyourmanager’sexpectations.Youworkhardareagreatteamplayercomeupwithnewideastotakethebusinessfurtherandareanall-aroundjoyintheworkplace. Ifyouhaven’tbeenpromotedorbeenbumpedupinsalaryautomaticallyitmightbetimetotakethebullbythehornsandapproachthistopicyourself.Whileaskingforaraisemakesmanypeopleuncomfortableandnervousthesituationcanbeabreezeifhandledcorrectly. Thefollowingareafewstepstofollowtomakesureyourrequestdoesnotfallondeafears: 41.Doyourresearch. Likeanyotherelementofyourcareeritallstartswithresearch.Inordertopresentyourmanagerwithacompellingcaseinyourfavoryouneedtoknowwhatthegoingrateisforsomeonewithyourexperienceandinyourposition. 42.Outlineacaseforyourself. Whengoingintoanykindofnegotiationsessionyouneedtobeequippedwiththerightamountofammunition.Beforeyouwalkintoyourmeetinglookbackatyourtimewiththecompanyandhighlightyouraceomplishments.Comeupwithalistofspecificexamplesofwaysyouhavebeenavaluableassettothebusiness.Findfactsandfiguresthatdemonstratewhatyouhaveexcelledusingnumberswheneverpossible. Ifyoureallywanttoknocktheirsocksoffputyouraccomplishmentsintoaformalpresentationalbeitbriefthatoutlineseachofyourgoalsandhowyouhaveachievedthem.Thiswilldemonstratethatyouareprofessionalwillingtogotheextramileandhavethoughtaboutyourrequestthoroughly. 43.Knowwhat’sgoingoninyourneighborhood. Therearegoodtimesandbadtimestoaskforaraiseatanycompany. Scheduleampletimetopresentyourcaseandmakesureyourtimingisright. Askingforaraiseontheflyafterjustwalkingintoyourmanager’sofficetochatwillnotbenefityouorimpressyourboss. Makesureyouhavetimetopresentyourcaseandthatyourmanagerhastimetothinkaboutyourpresentation.Requestameetingwithyoursupervisoratleastahalf-hourlong.Thinkaboutyourtimingwhenyouschedulethemeetingtoo.Ifyourdepartmenthasabevyofdeadlinestomeetattheendofeachmonthdon’tscheduleyourmeetingonthe29th.Pickatimewhenyourmanagerwillbesuretobeinagoodmoodandnotoverlystressed. 44.Avoidthreatsordemands. Thelastthingyouwanttodoistoputyoursupervisoronthedefensive. Beprofessionalandifyourjobisworthkeepingwillingtolistentotheotherside.Keepthemeetingpositiveandyouroutcomewillbemorepositive. 45.Rememberthatnotallperksaremonetary. Don’tfallintothetrapofthinkingyouarenotvaluedifyoudonotgetexactlywhatyouhadexpected. [A]Ifyouapproachyourmanagerforaraiseinatimeofdownsizingandcost-cuttingyouwillnotonlybedeniedbutwillalsoshowthatyouarenotintunewiththecompany’sneeds.Makesureyouunderstandyourcompany’soverallfinancialsituation. [B]Forexampleifyoudevelopedamarketingplanthathelpedincreasesalesmakesureyouhavethosesalesfiguresonhandaswellasyourroleintheplananditsexecution.Besuretotieyourownsuccessintotheoverallsuccessofthecompany. [C]Ifyourcompanyisstrappedfinanciallybutyouandyourmanagerstillcometotheconclusionthatitistimeforyoutoberewardedforyourperformanceyoumightbeabletonegotiateforstockoptionsmorevacationtimeorothernon-monetarybenefits. [D]Whenyoucomeupwithyourdesiredraiseinyourbasesalarygoover2%.Ifyouwant8%thenaskfor10%. [E]YoucanfindoutwhatothersinyourindustryandincomparablepositionsarerakinginbylookingatonlineresourcesthroughtheBureauofLaborStatisticsorinbookslike"TheAmericanAlmanacofJobsandSalaries"byJohnW.WrightQuill. [F]Goingintoameetingwiththe"ifIdon’tgetitI’mleaving"attitudewillonlytellyourcompanyyouareuncompromisingandonlyoutfornumberone. 42
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.10
假设一个垄断厂商面临的需求曲线为P=10-3Q成本函数为TC=Q2+2Q1求利润极大时的产量价格和利润2如果政府企图对该垄断厂商采取限价措施迫使其达到完全竞争行业所能达到的产量水平则限价应为多少3如果政府打算对该垄断厂商征收一笔固定的调节税以便把该厂商所获得的超额利润都拿去试问这笔固定税的总额是多少
DespitethedoubtsanddespitecomplaintsfromshopownersLondon’scongestioncharge--introducedinFebruary2003--hasmanagedtoeasethegridlockinthecitycentre.Trafficisdownby18%jamsby30%.Thescheme’sbiggestweaknessisthatitiscrude:driverspay￡8$14toenterthezonebetween7amand6:30pmregardlessofhowcongestedtheroadsareorhowlongtheystay.Soroad-pricingfansarewatchingtrialsbyTransportforLondonTfLofanewdetectionsystemcalledtag-and-beaconwithinterest.UndersuchaschemeusedinSingaporeandonsomeEuropeanroadscarsarefittedwithelectronictagsthatarereadbyroadsidemasts.IfthetrialissuccessfulTfLsaysthatthecitycouldswitchtothesystemoncethecontracttorunthecongestionchargeisre-letin2009.Currentlycamerasareusedtoreadlicenseplatesandtrackmotorists.Theyarenotalwaysreliable:anindividualcameraidentifiesonlyaround70%ofcars.Mostdrivengetphotographedmorethanoncewhichbooststhesystem’seffectivenesstoover95%butthatstillleavesseveralthousandvehiclesperdaywhosedetailsmustbelaboriouslycheckedbyhand.Tag-and-beacontechnologyismuchmoreaccuratewithanidentificationrateofover99%.TfLsaysthetrialispartlydesignedtoseewhetherthenewsystemcouldallowdriverstopaychargesbydirectdebit.Thatwouldbepopularwithmotoristswhocomplainthatthecurrentpaymentsystemisunfriendly:thetollforaday’stravelmustbepaidmanually--onlinebyphoneorinashop--bymidnightwithsteepfinesleviedonforgetfuldrivers.Moreprecisedetectionalsoallowsformoreprecisioninpolicyandroad-pricingenthusiastsseeradicalpossibilitiesahead.TfLsaysitisconsideringusingthenewtechnologytochargedriverseachtimetheycrossthezoneboundaryuptoadailymaximuminsteadofpayingonceforanentireday’stravel.Thatwouldbecheaperfordriverswhomakefewtripsintothezonealthoughdriverswhospendalongtimetrundlingaroundwithoutleavingtherebycausingthemostcongestionwouldgetofflightlytoo.Furtherrefinementsmaybepossible.Thecurrentsystemhascuttrafficmostdrasticallyinthemiddleofthedaywhencongestionisatitslowest.Demandforroadspacewouldbettermatchsupplyifchargeswerevariable--highatthebusiesttimesofdayandlowinquietperiods.Suchatime-sensitivevariable-chargingschemeusingatag-and-beaconsystemwasendorsedlastyearbyBobKileytheTfL’sbosswhoalsosaidthathewantedtoextendthecongestionchargetootherpartsofLondon.ThatwouldbecontroversialandMr.Kiley’sunderlingswerequicktoinsistthathismusingswerenotofficialpolicy.ButtheoriginalschemewascontroversialtooyetKenLivingstoneLondon’smayoranditsbiggestbackerwasre-electedafterintroducingit.Itwouldbeashameiftimiditytookholdnow.Thenewdetectiontechnologyhasanidentificationrateof
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.14
阐述人民币汇率机制改革的主要内容请你分析一下当前人民币升值的利和弊
Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassical.In1worldduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm"reading"2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewaryhoweverof3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisan4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6. Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreasedthenumberofpotentiallisteners8andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommonsocametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibrariesrailwaycarriagesandofficeswherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders. Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentstillremainswithusineducation.15itsvirtuestheoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother. Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate18notimpossiblefortheoralreader.Thesocialculturalandtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm"reading"20. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.2
热门题库
更多
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
仲裁法学
湘公网安备 43130202000226号