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若函数y=f(x)有f’(x0)=,则当Δx→0时,该函数在x=x0。点外的微分dy是______。
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函数y=fx在点x=x0处取得极小值则必有
f′(x0)=0
f″(x0)>0
f′(x0)=0且f″(x0)>0
f′(x0)=0或导数不存在
若y=fx为定义在D.上的函数则存在x0∈D.使得[f-x0]2≠[fx0]2是函数y=fx为非奇非
已知函数fx的定义域为R且对任意的实数x导函数f′x满足0 1若对任意的闭区间[ab]R
已知函数fx=当x=时函数fx有极大值.1求实数bc的值2若存在x0∈[-12]使得fx0≥3a-7
设函数y=2sin的图象关于点Px00成中心对称若x0∈则x0=________.
已知函数在x0处可导且{x/[fx0-2x-fx0]}=1/4则f′x0的值为
4
-4
-2
2
函数y=fx在x=x0处取得极小值则必有
f'(x0)=0
f'(x0)>0
f'(x0)=0且f"(x0)>0
f'(x0)=0或导数不存在
设函数z=fxy在点x0y0处有fx’x0y0=afy’x0y0=b则
A
B
C
D
若二次函数fx=ax2+bx+ca≠0的图象和直线y=x无交点现有下列结论:①方程ffx=x一定没有
设则△x→0时该函数在x=x0处的微分dy=
是△x的高阶无穷小
是△x的低阶无穷小
是△x的等价无穷小
是△x的同阶无穷小
设函数fx=x-13-ax-bx∈R其中ab∈R I求fx的单调区间 II若fx存在极点x0且fx
函数z=fxy在P0x0y0处可微分且f′x0y0=0fy′x0y0=0则fxy在P0x0y0处有什
必有极大值
必有极小值
可能取得极值
必无极值
已知函数fx=elnxgx=lnx-x-1hx=x2.1求函数gx的极大值;2求证:存在x0∈1+∞
设函数fx的定义域为R.x0x0≠0是fx的极大值点以下结论一定正确的是
∀x∈R.,f(x)≤f(x0)
-x0是f(-x)的极小值点
-x0是-f(x)的极小值点
-x0是-f(-x)的极小值点
z=fxy在P0x0y0一阶偏导数存在是该函数在此点可微的什么条件
必要条件
充分条件
充要条件
无关条件
设函数fx=x3-ax-bx∈R其中ab∈R Ⅰ求fx的单调区间 Ⅱ若fx存在极值点x0且fx1=
若函数fx在点x0间断gx在点x0连续则fzgx在点x0
间断
连续
第一类间断
可能间断可能连续
已知函数fx在x=x0处的导数f′x0=4则极限limΔx→0fx0+2Δx-fx03Δx的值等于
4
38
83
对于定义域在R.上的函数fx若实数x0满足fx0=x0则称x0是函数fx的一个不动点.若函数fx=x
已知函数fx=x3+ax2+bx+c下列结论中错误的是
)
(
)函数y=f(x)的图像是中心对称图形 (
)若x0是f(x)的极小值点,则f(x)在区间(-∞,x0)单调递减 (
)若x0是f(x)的极值点,则f’( x0)=0
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Inathree-monthperiodlastyeartwoBrooklyniteshadtobecutoutoftheirapartmentsandcarriedtohospitalonstretchersdesignedfortransportingsmallwhales.TheNationalAssociationtoAdvanceFatAcceptanceNAAFAarguesthatitwasnottheircombined900kgbulkthatmadethemill.ObesityaccordingtoNAAFAisnotbadforyou.Andevenifitwasthereisnothingtobedoneaboutitbecausegenesdictateweight.Attemptingtoeatlessmerelyslowsmetabolismhavingpeopleaschubbyasever.ThisisthefatlashmovementthatcausesAmerica’sslimmingindustrysomuchpain.InhisbookBinFatLiesBallantine1996GlennGaessersaysthatnostudyyethasconvincinglyshownthatweightisanindependentcauseofhealthproblems.Fatnessdoesnotkillpeople;thingslikehypertensioncoronaryheartdiseasesandcancerdo.MichaelFumentoauthorofTheFatoftheLandViking1997ananti-fatlashdiatribecomparesDrGaesser’slogicwithsayingthattheguillotinedidnotkillLouisXVI:Ratheritwastheseveringofhisvertebraethecuttingofallthebloodvesselsinhisneckand..thetraumacausedbyhisheaddroppingseveralfeetintoawickerbasket.Beingfatkillsinseveralways.Itmakespeoplefarmorelikelytosufferfromheartdiseaseorhighbloodpressure.Evenmoderateobesityincreasesthechanceofcontractingdiabetes.Being40%overweightmakespeople30%-50%morelikelytodieofcanceraccordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.Extremefatnessmakespatientssomuchlesslikelytosurvivesurgerythatmanydoctorsrefusetooperateuntiltheyslim.Theideathatbeingoverweightiscausedbyobesitygenesisnotwhollyfalse:researchershavefoundanumberofgenesthatappeartomakesomepeoplebumoffenergyataslowerrate.Butgenesarenotdestiny.Thedifferencebetweensomeonewithageneticpredispositiontogainweightandsomeonewithoutappearstoberoughly40calories—oraspoonfulofmayonnaise—aday.AnalternativefatlashargumentadvancedinbookssuchasDeanOnrush’sEatMoreWeightLessHarperCollies1993andDateAtrens’sDon’tDietWilliamMorrow1978isthatfatnessisnotamatterofeatingtoomuch.TheynotethatasAmericans’weighthasballoonedoverthelastfewdecadestheirreportedcaloricintakehasplunged.Thissimplyexplainspeople’sownrecollectionofhowmuchtheyeatisextremelyunreliable.Andastheygrowfatterpeoplefeelguiltyandaremorelikelytofibabouthowmuchtheyeat.Allreputablestudiesshowthateatinglessandexercisingreduceweight.Certainlythebody’smetabolismslowsalittlewhenyouloseweightbecauseittakeslessenergytocarrylessbulkaroundandbecausedietingcanmakethebodyfearitisabouttostarve.Butasensiblelow-fatdietmakesweightlosspossible.Thefatlashmovementisdangerousbecauseslimmerswilloftenfindanyexcusetogiveup.Totellpeoplethatitishealthytobeobeseistoencouragethemtolivesickanddieyoung.ThetwoBrooklynitesinthefirstparagraphwere______.
Recalculatingtheglobaluseofphosphorusanimportantfertilizerelementofmodemagricultureateamofresearcherswarnsthattheworld’sstocksmaysoonbeinshortsupplyandthatoveruseintheindustrializedworldhasbecomealeadingcauseofthepollutionoflakesriversandstreams.WritingintheFeb.14editionofthejournalEnvironmentalResearchLettersStephenCarpenteroftheUniversityofWisconsin-MadisonandElenaBennettofMcGillUniversityreportthatthehumanuseofphosphorusprimarilyintheindustrializedworldiscausingthewidespreadeutrophicationoffreshsurfacewater.What’smoretheminableglobalstocksofphosphorusareconcentratedinjustafewcountriesandareindeclineposingtheriskofglobalshortageswithinthenext20years.ThereisafiniteamountofphosphorusintheworldsaysCarpenteroneoftheworld’sleadingauthoritiesonlakesandstreams.Thisisamaterialthat’sbecomingrarerandweneedtouseitmoreefficiently.Phosphorusisanessentialelementforlife.Livingorganismsincludinghumanshavesmallamountsandtheelementiscrucialfordrivingtheenergeticprocessesofcells.Inagriculturephosphorusminedfromancientmarinedepositsiswidelyusedtoboostcropyields.Theelementalsohasotherindustrialuses.Butexcessphosphorusfromfertilizerthatwashesfromfarmfieldsandsuburbanlawnsintolakesandstreamsistheprimarycauseofthealgaebloomsthatdestroyfreshwaterecosystemsariddegradewaterquality.Phosphoruspollutionposesarisktofishandotherwaterlifeaswellastotheanimalsandhumanswhodependoncleanfreshwater.Insomeinstancesexcessphosphorussparksbloomsoftoxicalgaewhichposeadirectthreattohumanandanimallife.IfyouhavetoomuchphosphorusyougeteutrophicationexplainsCarpenterofthecycleofexcessiveplantandalgaegrowththatsignificantlydegradesbodiesoffreshwater.Phosphorusstimulatesthegrowthofalgaeandweedsnearshoreandsomeofthealgaecancontaincyanobacteriawhicharetoxic.Youlosefish.Youlosewaterqualityfordrinking.Thefertilizer-fueledalgaebloomsthemselvesamplifytheproblemasthealgaedieandreleaseaccumulatedphosphorusbackintothewater.ComplicatingtheproblemsaysCarpenteristhefactthatexcessphosphorusintheenvironmentisaproblemprimarilyintheindustrializedworldmainlyEuropeNorthAmericaandpartsofAsia.InotherpartsoftheworldnotablyAfricaandAustraliasoilsarephosphoruspoorcreatingastarkimbalance.IronicallysoilsinplaceslikeNorthAmericawherefertilizerswithphosphorusaremostcommonlyappliedarealreadyloadedwiththeelement.BennettandCarpenterarguethatagriculturepracticestobetterconservephosphatewithinagriculturalecosystemsarenecessarytoavertthewidespreadpollutionofsurfacewaters.Phosphorusfrompartsoftheworldwheretheelementisabundanttheysaycanbemovedtophosphorusdeficientregionsoftheworldbyextractingphosphorusfrommanureforexampleusingmanuredigesters.Whatistheresultifthealgaeblooms
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Whereverpeoplehavebeentheyhaveleftwastebehindwhichcancauseallsortsofproblems.Wasteoftenstinksattractsverminandcreateseyesores.Moreseriouslyitcanreleaseharmfulchemicalsintothesoilandwaterwhendumpedorintotheairwhenburned.Andthentherearesomereallynastyformsofindustrialwastesuchasspentnuclearfuelforwhichnouniversallyaccepteddisposalmethodshavethusfarbeendeveloped.Yetmanyalsoseewasteasanopportunity.Gettingridofitallhasbecomeahugeglobalbusiness.Richcountriesspendsome$120billionayeardisposingoftheirmunicipalwastealoneandanother$150billiononindustrialwaste.Theamountofwastethatcountriesproducetendstogrowintandemwiththeireconomiesandespeciallywiththerateofurbanization.SowastefirmsseearichfutureinplacessuchasChinaIndiaandBrazilwhichatpresentspendonlyabout$5billionayearcollectingandtreatingtheirmunicipalwaste.Wastealsopresentsanopportunityinagrandersense:asapotentialresource.Muchofitisalreadyburnedtogenerateenergy.Clevernewtechnologiestoturnitintofertiliserorchemicalsorfuelarebeingdevelopedallthetime.Visionariesseeaworldwithoutwastewithrubbishbeingroutinelyrecycled.Untillastsummersuchviewswerespreadingquickly.Butsincethenplummetingpricesforvirginpaperplasticandfuelsandhencealsoforthewastethatsubstitutesforthemhaveputanendtosuchvisions.Manyoftherecyclingfirmsthathadarguedrubbishwasonthewayoutnowsaythatunlesstheyaregivenfinancialhelptheythemselveswilldisappear.Subsidiesareabadidea.Governmentshavearoletoplayinthebusinessofwastemanagementbutitisaregulatoryandsupervisoryone.Theyshouldobligepeoplewhocreatewastetocleanupafterthemselvesandideallyensurethatthepriceofanyproductreflectsthecostofdisposingofitsafely.Thatwouldhelptosignalwhichitemsarehardesttogetridofgivingconsumersanincentivetobuygoodsthatcreatelesswasteinthefirstplace.Thatmaysoundsimpleenoughbutgovernmentsseldomgettherolesright.Inpoorercountriestheyoftenhavenorulesatalloriftheyhavethemtheyfailtoenforcethem.Inrichcountriestheyareofteninconsistent:toostrictaboutsomesortsofwasteandworryinglylaxaboutothers.Theyarealsopronetoimposingarbitrarytargetsandtaxes.Californiaforexamplewantstorecycleallitstrashnotbecauseitnecessarilymakesenvironmentaloreconomicsensebutbecausethegoalofzerowastesoundspoliticallyattractive.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph
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AsksomeonetonameafamouspsychologistandchancesaretheywillpickSigmundFreud.Hisideasabouttheunconscious—asortofshadowybasementofthemindthatisinaccessibletorationalthoughtbutwhichneverthelessinfluencespeople’sbehaviour—arepartofpopularfolklore.Althoughitremainedpopularatdinnerpartiestheideaoftheunconsciousfelloutoffavouramong20th-centurypsychologiststhankstotheriseofmorescientificapproachestopsychology.Thesefocusedpurelyonstudyingbehaviourandrefrainedfromtheorisingabouttheinnerworkingsofthemind.InhislatestbookSubliminalLeonardMlodinowatheoreticalphysicistshowshowtheideaoftheunconscioushasbecomerespectableagainoverthepastcoupleofdecades.Thisdevelopmenthasbeenhelpedbyrigorousexperimentalevidenceoftheeffectsofthesubconsciousandespeciallybyreal-timebrain-scanningtechnologythatallowsresearcherstoexaminewhatisgoingonintheirsubjects’heads.ThatexperimentalevidencesuggeststhatasFreudsuspectedconsciousreasoningmakesupacomparativelysmallpart.oftheactivityinourbrainswithmostoftheworktakingplacewherewecan’ttapintoit.HoweverunlikeFreud’sunconsciousthemodernunconsciousisaplaceofsuper-fastdataprocessingusefulsurvivalmechanismsandrulesofthumbabouttheworldthathavebeentrainedbymillionsofyearsofevolution.Itistheunconsciousforinstancethatstitchestogetherdataoncolourshapemovementandperspectivetocreatethesightenjoyedbytheconsciouspart.ofthemind.ThemodemviewoftheunconsciousmindmaybemorebenignthanFreud’sbutitcanstillgenerateunwelcomeimpulses.Psychologiststheorisethatthewell-documentedtendencyofhumanstocategorisealmosteverypieceofinformationtheycomeacrossisasurvivalmechanismthatevolvedtoaidquickdecisionmaking.Yetitmayalsoliebehindthetendencyforhumanbeingstogrouppeopleintoracesgenderscreedsandthelikeandthentoapplycertaincharacteristics—unjustifiably—toeverymemberofthatgroup.Theinsightsofferedbymodemscienceintotheworkingsofthehumanmindarefascinatingintheirownright.Buttheyalsosuggestthatplentyofconventionalwisdomabouthowhumansbehavemayneedrethinking.ForinstanceMrMlodinownotesthateconomicmodelsarebuiltontheassumptionthatpeoplemakedecisionsbyconsciouslyweighingtherelevantfactorswhereasthepsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatmostofthetimetheydonosuchthing.Insteadtheyactonthebasisofsimpleunconsciousrulesthatcansometimesproducecompletelyirrationalresults.
In1999thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008ithad1the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread3inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld5someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities6majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworldspopulation—7risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithanygovernment10howun-pleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption11thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments12someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits14costsfromhigherprices.ConsideringGermany15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStatesasalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders 17
TheissueofonlineprivacyintheInternetagefoundnewurgencyfollowingtheSept.11terroristattackssparkingdebateoverstrikingthecorrectbalancebetweenprotectingcivillibertiesandattemptingtopreventanothertragicterroristact.Whilepreventingterrorismcertainlyisofparamountimportanceprivacyrightsshouldnotbedeemedirrelevant.InresponsetotheattacksCongressquicklypassedlegislationthatincludedprovisionsexpandingrightsofinvestigatorstointerceptwireoralandelectroniccommunicationsofallegedhackersandterrorists.CivillibertiesgroupsexpressedconcernsovertheprovisionsandurgedcautioninensuringthateffortstoprotectournationdonotresultinbroadgovernmentauthoritytoerodeprivacyrightsofU.S.citizens.NeverthelesscausingfurtherconcerntocivillibertiesgroupstheDepartmentofJusticeproposedexceptionstotheattorney-clientprivilege.OnOct.30AttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftapprovedaninterimagencyrulethatwouldpermitfederalprisonauthoritiestomonitorwireandelectroniccommunicationsbetweenlawyersandtheirclientsinfederalcustodyincludingthosewhohavebeendetainedbutnotchargedwithanycrimewheneversurveillanceisdeemednecessarytopreventviolenceorterrorism.Inlightofthisbroadeningefforttoreachintocommunicationsthatwerepreviouslybelievedtobeoff-limitstheissueofonlineprivacyisnowanevenmorepressingconcern.CongresshastakensomelegislativestepstowardensuringonlineprivacyincludingtheChildren’sOnlinePrivacyProtectionActandprovidedprivacyprotectionsforcertainsectorsthroughlegislationsuchastheFinancialServicesModernizationAct.Thelegislationpassedtodatedoesnothoweverprovideastatutoryschemeforprotectinggeneralonlineconsumerprivacy.Lackingdefinitivefederallawsomestatespassedtheirownmeasures.Butmuchofthislegislationisincompleteornotenforced.Moreoveritbecomesunworkablewhenstatescreatedifferentprivacystandards;theInternetdoesnotknowgeographicboundariesandcompaniesandindividualscannotbeexpectedtocomplywithdifferingandattimesconflictingprivacyrules.Ananalysisearlierthisyearof751U.S.andinternationalWebsitesconductedbyConsumersInternationalfoundthatmostsitescollectpersonalinformationbutfailtotellconsumershowthatdatawillbeusedhowsecurityismaintainedandwhatrightsconsumershaveovertheirowninformation.AtaminimumCongressshouldpasslegislationrequiringWebsitestodisplayprivacypoliciesprominentlyinformconsumersofthemethodsemployedtocollectclientdataallowcustomerstooptoutOfsuchdatacollectionandprovidecustomeraccesstotheirowndatathathasalreadybeencollected.AlthoughvariousInternetprivacybillswereintroducedinthe107thCongressthefocusshiftedtoexpandinggovernmentsurveillanceinthewakeoftheterroristattacks.Plainlygovernmenteffortstopreventterrorismareappropriate.Exactlyhowtheseexigentcircumstanceschangethenatureoftheonlineprivacydebateisstilltobeseen.Theauthorimpliesinthesecondparagraphthat______.
TheTreasurycouldpocket20millionayearinextrafinesoncethecountry’sspeedcameranetworkisexpanded.Motoringorganizationswarnedthatthe1couldbecomeapolltaxonwheels2hugenumberofdrivers.Therecouldbemanymoreincidentsofvandalism3cameras.Thewarningscame4aDailyMailsurveyfoundalmostallthe23policeforcesinEnglandandWaleswereeither5toexpansionplansorconsidering6. Nationwidethenumberofspeedingticketsisexpectedtotreble790millionayear.8theschemepolicekeepsomeofthecashfromfinesto9thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand10thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed11atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcutcollisionsbyaquarteranddeathsandseriousinjuriesby12ahalf. Butmotoringorganizationsfearcameraswillbesitedonrelativelysafe13faststretchestocatchasmanydriversaspossible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedto14the"threshold"speedsatwhichcamerasare15totheabsolutelegalminimum-15mphina10mphlimitand26mphina20mphzone.Thiscouldencouragedriverstostareattheirspeedometersinsteadofconcentratingontheroadand16tomoreaccidents.SueNicholsonheadofcampaignsattheRACsaid"Wedon’thaveaproblemwithspeedcameras17.Butwedohaveconcernsabout18theyaresited.Policerisklosingcredibility19motoristsifcamerasareseenasrevenue-raising20safetydevices./ 1
Inathree-monthperiodlastyeartwoBrooklyniteshadtobecutoutoftheirapartmentsandcarriedtohospitalonstretchersdesignedfortransportingsmallwhales.TheNationalAssociationtoAdvanceFatAcceptanceNAAFAarguesthatitwasnottheircombined900kgbulkthatmadethemill.ObesityaccordingtoNAAFAisnotbadforyou.Andevenifitwasthereisnothingtobedoneaboutitbecausegenesdictateweight.Attemptingtoeatlessmerelyslowsmetabolismhavingpeopleaschubbyasever.ThisisthefatlashmovementthatcausesAmerica’sslimmingindustrysomuchpain.InhisbookBinFatLiesBallantine1996GlennGaessersaysthatnostudyyethasconvincinglyshownthatweightisanindependentcauseofhealthproblems.Fatnessdoesnotkillpeople;thingslikehypertensioncoronaryheartdiseasesandcancerdo.MichaelFumentoauthorofTheFatoftheLandViking1997ananti-fatlashdiatribecomparesDrGaesser’slogicwithsayingthattheguillotinedidnotkillLouisXVI:Ratheritwastheseveringofhisvertebraethecuttingofallthebloodvesselsinhisneckand..thetraumacausedbyhisheaddroppingseveralfeetintoawickerbasket.Beingfatkillsinseveralways.Itmakespeoplefarmorelikelytosufferfromheartdiseaseorhighbloodpressure.Evenmoderateobesityincreasesthechanceofcontractingdiabetes.Being40%overweightmakespeople30%-50%morelikelytodieofcanceraccordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.Extremefatnessmakespatientssomuchlesslikelytosurvivesurgerythatmanydoctorsrefusetooperateuntiltheyslim.Theideathatbeingoverweightiscausedbyobesitygenesisnotwhollyfalse:researchershavefoundanumberofgenesthatappeartomakesomepeoplebumoffenergyataslowerrate.Butgenesarenotdestiny.Thedifferencebetweensomeonewithageneticpredispositiontogainweightandsomeonewithoutappearstoberoughly40calories—oraspoonfulofmayonnaise—aday.AnalternativefatlashargumentadvancedinbookssuchasDeanOnrush’sEatMoreWeightLessHarperCollies1993andDateAtrens’sDon’tDietWilliamMorrow1978isthatfatnessisnotamatterofeatingtoomuch.TheynotethatasAmericans’weighthasballoonedoverthelastfewdecadestheirreportedcaloricintakehasplunged.Thissimplyexplainspeople’sownrecollectionofhowmuchtheyeatisextremelyunreliable.Andastheygrowfatterpeoplefeelguiltyandaremorelikelytofibabouthowmuchtheyeat.Allreputablestudiesshowthateatinglessandexercisingreduceweight.Certainlythebody’smetabolismslowsalittlewhenyouloseweightbecauseittakeslessenergytocarrylessbulkaroundandbecausedietingcanmakethebodyfearitisabouttostarve.Butasensiblelow-fatdietmakesweightlosspossible.Thefatlashmovementisdangerousbecauseslimmerswilloftenfindanyexcusetogiveup.Totellpeoplethatitishealthytobeobeseistoencouragethemtolivesickanddieyoung.Whatcanbeconcludedaccordingtotheauthor’sviewoftheobesitygenes
Directions:WritealettertoyourcousinwhoisgoingtotaketheCollegeEntranceExaminationandfeelsstressedgivinghimsomesuggestions.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.
TheissueofonlineprivacyintheInternetagefoundnewurgencyfollowingtheSept.11terroristattackssparkingdebateoverstrikingthecorrectbalancebetweenprotectingcivillibertiesandattemptingtopreventanothertragicterroristact.Whilepreventingterrorismcertainlyisofparamountimportanceprivacyrightsshouldnotbedeemedirrelevant.InresponsetotheattacksCongressquicklypassedlegislationthatincludedprovisionsexpandingrightsofinvestigatorstointerceptwireoralandelectroniccommunicationsofallegedhackersandterrorists.CivillibertiesgroupsexpressedconcernsovertheprovisionsandurgedcautioninensuringthateffortstoprotectournationdonotresultinbroadgovernmentauthoritytoerodeprivacyrightsofU.S.citizens.NeverthelesscausingfurtherconcerntocivillibertiesgroupstheDepartmentofJusticeproposedexceptionstotheattorney-clientprivilege.OnOct.30AttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftapprovedaninterimagencyrulethatwouldpermitfederalprisonauthoritiestomonitorwireandelectroniccommunicationsbetweenlawyersandtheirclientsinfederalcustodyincludingthosewhohavebeendetainedbutnotchargedwithanycrimewheneversurveillanceisdeemednecessarytopreventviolenceorterrorism.Inlightofthisbroadeningefforttoreachintocommunicationsthatwerepreviouslybelievedtobeoff-limitstheissueofonlineprivacyisnowanevenmorepressingconcern.CongresshastakensomelegislativestepstowardensuringonlineprivacyincludingtheChildren’sOnlinePrivacyProtectionActandprovidedprivacyprotectionsforcertainsectorsthroughlegislationsuchastheFinancialServicesModernizationAct.Thelegislationpassedtodatedoesnothoweverprovideastatutoryschemeforprotectinggeneralonlineconsumerprivacy.Lackingdefinitivefederallawsomestatespassedtheirownmeasures.Butmuchofthislegislationisincompleteornotenforced.Moreoveritbecomesunworkablewhenstatescreatedifferentprivacystandards;theInternetdoesnotknowgeographicboundariesandcompaniesandindividualscannotbeexpectedtocomplywithdifferingandattimesconflictingprivacyrules.Ananalysisearlierthisyearof751U.S.andinternationalWebsitesconductedbyConsumersInternationalfoundthatmostsitescollectpersonalinformationbutfailtotellconsumershowthatdatawillbeusedhowsecurityismaintainedandwhatrightsconsumershaveovertheirowninformation.AtaminimumCongressshouldpasslegislationrequiringWebsitestodisplayprivacypoliciesprominentlyinformconsumersofthemethodsemployedtocollectclientdataallowcustomerstooptoutOfsuchdatacollectionandprovidecustomeraccesstotheirowndatathathasalreadybeencollected.AlthoughvariousInternetprivacybillswereintroducedinthe107thCongressthefocusshiftedtoexpandinggovernmentsurveillanceinthewakeoftheterroristattacks.Plainlygovernmenteffortstopreventterrorismareappropriate.Exactlyhowtheseexigentcircumstanceschangethenatureoftheonlineprivacydebateisstilltobeseen.Privacystandardsmadebyindividualstatesareineffectivebecause______.
A.Internationalstudentshavethesameneedsaslocalstudentsandshouldbeaccordedequivalentrightsandprotections—exceptinafewareassuchasvotinginnationalelections.Amorecomprehensiveandrights-basedapproachtothesecurityofinternationalstudentscouldbeobtainedthroughbilateralnegotiationsbetweenthecountriesthatsendandreceivethem.ChinaIndiaMalaysiaandothernationsshouldseekasystematicregimeofprotectionandrespectfortheircitizenswhostudyinothercountries.Asapatternofbilateralnegotiationsbecameestablishedcommonglobalstandardscouldemerge.B.WhatdidwefindTheexperienceofinternationalstudentsdiffersfromthatoflocalstudentsinthreeways.Firstthelivesofinternationalstudentsaremoremarginallonelierandlessinformedthanthoseoftheirlocalpeers.SecondthemajorityofinternationalstudentsinAustraliafaceatleastsomebarrierstocommunicatinginEnglishthataffectnotjustacademicprogressbutalsodailylife.Problemsofabuseordiscriminationareoftenassociatedwithcommunicationsissues.Thirdtherearepronounceddifferencesbetweenlocalandinternationalstudentsinareaswhereculturalidentityareatplaynotjustincross-culturalrelationsbutinlookingforrentalhousingseekingajobandsoon.C.Nationalandstategovernmentsshouldalsosubsidizeaffordablehousingforamixofinternationalandlocalstudentsinareaswherestudentsstudyandwork.Thegovernmentsshouldalsorequireinspectionsofstudents’rentalhousing.Theyshouldprovidesupervisedtransportespeciallyatnight.Thepoliceshouldpatrolhotspotswhereviolenceisoccurringormightoccur.Internationalstudentsshouldreceiveadequateinformationaboutsafetyandsecurityuponarrivalintheirnewcountries.D.Wedefinedstudentsecurityasincludingthefullrangeofissuesaffectingtheempowermentandprotectionofinternationalstudents:financialsupporthousinghealthsafetyworkissuesandrelationswiththeiruniversitiesandthegovernment’simmigrationdepartment.Wealsolookedintointernationalstudents’personalnetworkscommunicationsandinterculturalissues.WeconductedtheempiricalworkforourstudyinAustraliabutourresearchandthatofotherscholarsshowthattheunderlyingissuesarecommontosomeextenttoallcountries.E.Thefundamentalproblemhoweverlieswithnations’regulatoryframeworkswhichshouldbemodifiedforaglobalizedworld.Wemustfindwaysofmovinginternational-studentsecurityupthepolicyagendaofnationalgovernmentsmultilateralforumsandglobalagencies.AustralianinternationaleducationforexampleisnowregulatedthroughtheEducationServicesforOverseasStudentsAct.Itimposesobligationsonproviderinstitutionsmostlyinrelationtoconsumerprotectionandimmigrationcompliance.Butsafetyoncampusisnotmentioned.Theactdoesnotcoverstudents’livesinthecommunityoutsidethecampuswheremostproblemsofsecurityoccur.F.Butdelvedeeperandyouwillfindthatalthoughmoststudentssucceedabroadandhavesatisfyingexperiencescertainlynotallofthemdo—andsomehavemajorproblemswhichcanrangefarbeyondlonelinessanddifficultiesadjustingtonewcultures.Someinternationalstudentsarevictimsofterriblecrimes.Unfortunatelytheirsecurityisnotadequatelyensuredbythecountrieswheretheystudywhichstilltreatthemasoutsidersandtheirrightsasprivilegesthatcanbeignored.Eventhoughglobalmobilityineducationhasrenderedsuchanapproachobsoletenationalregulationshavenotkeptpace.G.WhatshouldbedonetoimprovethesafetyandsecurityofinternationalstudentsForthemsecuritymeansnotonlyprotectionbutalsothecapacitytooperateasfreehumanagentsmakingchoices.Formanyinternationalstudentsacquiringcommunicationskillsisalmostasimportantasacquiringdegrees.UniversitiesinEnglish-speakingcountriesshouldmakeEnglish-languagecommunicationaformalrequirementfordegreestatus.
Whereverpeoplehavebeentheyhaveleftwastebehindwhichcancauseallsortsofproblems.Wasteoftenstinksattractsverminandcreateseyesores.Moreseriouslyitcanreleaseharmfulchemicalsintothesoilandwaterwhendumpedorintotheairwhenburned.Andthentherearesomereallynastyformsofindustrialwastesuchasspentnuclearfuelforwhichnouniversallyaccepteddisposalmethodshavethusfarbeendeveloped.Yetmanyalsoseewasteasanopportunity.Gettingridofitallhasbecomeahugeglobalbusiness.Richcountriesspendsome$120billionayeardisposingoftheirmunicipalwastealoneandanother$150billiononindustrialwaste.Theamountofwastethatcountriesproducetendstogrowintandemwiththeireconomiesandespeciallywiththerateofurbanization.SowastefirmsseearichfutureinplacessuchasChinaIndiaandBrazilwhichatpresentspendonlyabout$5billionayearcollectingandtreatingtheirmunicipalwaste.Wastealsopresentsanopportunityinagrandersense:asapotentialresource.Muchofitisalreadyburnedtogenerateenergy.Clevernewtechnologiestoturnitintofertiliserorchemicalsorfuelarebeingdevelopedallthetime.Visionariesseeaworldwithoutwastewithrubbishbeingroutinelyrecycled.Untillastsummersuchviewswerespreadingquickly.Butsincethenplummetingpricesforvirginpaperplasticandfuelsandhencealsoforthewastethatsubstitutesforthemhaveputanendtosuchvisions.Manyoftherecyclingfirmsthathadarguedrubbishwasonthewayoutnowsaythatunlesstheyaregivenfinancialhelptheythemselveswilldisappear.Subsidiesareabadidea.Governmentshavearoletoplayinthebusinessofwastemanagementbutitisaregulatoryandsupervisoryone.Theyshouldobligepeoplewhocreatewastetocleanupafterthemselvesandideallyensurethatthepriceofanyproductreflectsthecostofdisposingofitsafely.Thatwouldhelptosignalwhichitemsarehardesttogetridofgivingconsumersanincentivetobuygoodsthatcreatelesswasteinthefirstplace.Thatmaysoundsimpleenoughbutgovernmentsseldomgettherolesright.Inpoorercountriestheyoftenhavenorulesatalloriftheyhavethemtheyfailtoenforcethem.Inrichcountriestheyareofteninconsistent:toostrictaboutsomesortsofwasteandworryinglylaxaboutothers.Theyarealsopronetoimposingarbitrarytargetsandtaxes.Californiaforexamplewantstorecycleallitstrashnotbecauseitnecessarilymakesenvironmentaloreconomicsensebutbecausethegoalofzerowastesoundspoliticallyattractive.Manyrecyclingfirmsaredisappointednowforthereasonthat______.
In1999thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008ithad1the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread3inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld5someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities6majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworldspopulation—7risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithanygovernment10howun-pleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption11thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments12someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits14costsfromhigherprices.ConsideringGermany15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStatesasalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders 13
Societyexiststhroughaprocessoftransmission.Thistransmissionoccursbymeansofcommunicationofhabitsofdoingthinkingandfeelingfromtheoldertotheyounger.Soobviousisthenecessityofteachingandlearningforthecontinuedexistenceofasocietythatwemayseemtobedwellingexcessivelyonaself-evidenttruth.Butjustificationisfoundinthefactthatsuchemphasisisameansofgettingusawayfromanundulyscholasticandformalnotionofeducation.Schoolsareindeedoneimportantmethodofthetransmissionwhichformsthedispositionsoftheimmature;butitisonlyonemeansandcomparedwithotheragenciesarelativelysuperficialmeans.Onlyaswehavegraspedthenecessityofmorefundamentalandpersistentmodesoftuitioncanwemakesureofplacingthescholasticmethodsintheirtruecontext.Societynotonlycontinuestoexistbytransmissionbycommunicationbutitmayfairlybesaidtoexistintransmissionincommunication.Allcommunicationandhenceallgenuinesociallifeiseducative.Tobearecipientofacommunicationistohaveanenlargedandchangedexperience.Onesharesinwhatanotherhasthoughtandfeltandinsofarmeagerlyoramplyhashisownattitudemodified.Noristheonewhocommunicatesleftunaffected.Trytheexperimentofcommunicatingwithfullnessandaccuracysomeexperiencetoanotherespeciallyifitbesomewhatcomplicatedandyouwillfindyourownattitudetowardyourexperiencechanging;otherwiseyouresorttoswearwordsandexclamations.Theexperiencehastobeformulatedinordertobecommunicated.ToformulaterequiresgettingoutsideofitseeingitasanotherwouldseeitconsideringwhatpointsOfcontactithaswiththelifeofanothersothatitmaybegotintosuchformthathecanappreciateitsmeaning.Exceptindealingwithcommonplacesandcatchphrasesonehastoassimilateimaginativelysomethingofanother’sexperienceinordertotellhimintelligentlyofone’sownexperience.Allcommunicationislikeart.Itmayfairlybesaidthereforethatanysocialarrangementthatremainsvitallysocialorvitallysharediseducativetothosewhoparticipateinit.Onlywhenitbecomescastinamoldandrunsinaroutinewaydoesitloseitseducativepower.
In1999thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008ithad1the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread3inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld5someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities6majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworldspopulation—7risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithanygovernment10howun-pleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption11thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments12someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits14costsfromhigherprices.ConsideringGermany15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStatesasalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders 19
Recalculatingtheglobaluseofphosphorusanimportantfertilizerelementofmodemagricultureateamofresearcherswarnsthattheworld’sstocksmaysoonbeinshortsupplyandthatoveruseintheindustrializedworldhasbecomealeadingcauseofthepollutionoflakesriversandstreams. WritingintheFeb.14editionofthejournalEnvironmentalResearchLettersStephenCarpenteroftheUniversityofWisconsin-MadisonandElenaBennettofMcGillUniversityreportthatthehumanuseofphosphorusprimarilyintheindustrializedworldiscausingthewidespreadeutrophicationoffreshsurfacewater.What’smoretheminableglobalstocksofphosphorusareconcentratedinjustafewcountriesandareindeclineposingtheriskofglobalshortageswithinthenext20years."Thereisafiniteamountofphosphorusintheworld"saysCarpenteroneoftheworld’sleadingauthoritiesonlakesandstreams."Thisisamaterialthat’sbecomingrarerandweneedtouseitmoreefficiently." Phosphorusisanessentialelementforlife.Livingorganismsincludinghumanshavesmallamountsandtheelementiscrucialfordrivingtheenergeticprocessesofcells.Inagriculturephosphorusminedfromancientmarinedepositsiswidelyusedtoboostcropyields.Theelementalsohasotherindustrialuses. Butexcessphosphorusfromfertilizerthatwashesfromfarmfieldsandsuburbanlawnsintolakesandstreamsistheprimarycauseofthealgaebloomsthatdestroyfreshwaterecosystemsariddegradewaterquality.Phosphoruspollutionposesarisktofishandotherwaterlifeaswellastotheanimalsandhumanswhodependoncleanfreshwater.Insomeinstancesexcessphosphorussparksbloomsoftoxicalgaewhichposeadirectthreattohumanandanimallife. "Ifyouhavetoomuchphosphorusyougeteutrophication"explainsCarpenterofthecycleofexcessiveplantandalgaegrowththatsignificantlydegradesbodiesoffreshwater."Phosphorusstimulatesthegrowthofalgaeandweedsnearshoreandsomeofthealgaecancontaincyanobacteriawhicharetoxic.Youlosefish.Youlosewaterqualityfordrinking."Thefertilizer-fueledalgaebloomsthemselvesamplifytheproblemasthealgaedieandreleaseaccumulatedphosphorusbackintothewater. ComplicatingtheproblemsaysCarpenteristhefactthatexcessphosphorusintheenvironmentisaproblemprimarilyintheindustrializedworldmainlyEuropeNorthAmericaandpartsofAsia.InotherpartsoftheworldnotablyAfricaandAustraliasoilsarephosphoruspoorcreatingastarkimbalance.IronicallysoilsinplaceslikeNorthAmericawherefertilizerswithphosphorusaremostcommonlyappliedarealreadyloadedwiththeelement.BennettandCarpenterarguethatagriculturepracticestobetterconservephosphatewithinagriculturalecosystemsarenecessarytoavertthewidespreadpollutionofsurfacewaters.Phosphorusfrompartsoftheworldwheretheelementisabundanttheysaycanbemovedtophosphorusdeficientregionsoftheworldbyextractingphosphorusfrommanureforexampleusingmanuredigesters. Thewordeutrophicationline3Para.2mostprobablymeans
Inathree-monthperiodlastyeartwoBrooklyniteshadtobecutoutoftheirapartmentsandcarriedtohospitalonstretchersdesignedfortransportingsmallwhales.TheNationalAssociationtoAdvanceFatAcceptanceNAAFAarguesthatitwasnottheircombined900kgbulkthatmadethemill.ObesityaccordingtoNAAFAisnotbadforyou.Andevenifitwasthereisnothingtobedoneaboutitbecausegenesdictateweight.Attemptingtoeatlessmerelyslowsmetabolismhavingpeopleaschubbyasever.ThisisthefatlashmovementthatcausesAmerica’sslimmingindustrysomuchpain.InhisbookBinFatLiesBallantine1996GlennGaessersaysthatnostudyyethasconvincinglyshownthatweightisanindependentcauseofhealthproblems.Fatnessdoesnotkillpeople;thingslikehypertensioncoronaryheartdiseasesandcancerdo.MichaelFumentoauthorofTheFatoftheLandViking1997ananti-fatlashdiatribecomparesDrGaesser’slogicwithsayingthattheguillotinedidnotkillLouisXVI:Ratheritwastheseveringofhisvertebraethecuttingofallthebloodvesselsinhisneckand..thetraumacausedbyhisheaddroppingseveralfeetintoawickerbasket.Beingfatkillsinseveralways.Itmakespeoplefarmorelikelytosufferfromheartdiseaseorhighbloodpressure.Evenmoderateobesityincreasesthechanceofcontractingdiabetes.Being40%overweightmakespeople30%-50%morelikelytodieofcanceraccordingtotheAmericanCancerSociety.Extremefatnessmakespatientssomuchlesslikelytosurvivesurgerythatmanydoctorsrefusetooperateuntiltheyslim.Theideathatbeingoverweightiscausedbyobesitygenesisnotwhollyfalse:researchershavefoundanumberofgenesthatappeartomakesomepeoplebumoffenergyataslowerrate.Butgenesarenotdestiny.Thedifferencebetweensomeonewithageneticpredispositiontogainweightandsomeonewithoutappearstoberoughly40calories—oraspoonfulofmayonnaise—aday.AnalternativefatlashargumentadvancedinbookssuchasDeanOnrush’sEatMoreWeightLessHarperCollies1993andDateAtrens’sDon’tDietWilliamMorrow1978isthatfatnessisnotamatterofeatingtoomuch.TheynotethatasAmericans’weighthasballoonedoverthelastfewdecadestheirreportedcaloricintakehasplunged.Thissimplyexplainspeople’sownrecollectionofhowmuchtheyeatisextremelyunreliable.Andastheygrowfatterpeoplefeelguiltyandaremorelikelytofibabouthowmuchtheyeat.Allreputablestudiesshowthateatinglessandexercisingreduceweight.Certainlythebody’smetabolismslowsalittlewhenyouloseweightbecauseittakeslessenergytocarrylessbulkaroundandbecausedietingcanmakethebodyfearitisabouttostarve.Butasensiblelow-fatdietmakesweightlosspossible.Thefatlashmovementisdangerousbecauseslimmerswilloftenfindanyexcusetogiveup.Totellpeoplethatitishealthytobeobeseistoencouragethemtolivesickanddieyoung.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
A.Internationalstudentshavethesameneedsaslocalstudentsandshouldbeaccordedequivalentrightsandprotections—exceptinafewareassuchasvotinginnationalelections.Amorecomprehensiveandrights-basedapproachtothesecurityofinternationalstudentscouldbeobtainedthroughbilateralnegotiationsbetweenthecountriesthatsendandreceivethem.ChinaIndiaMalaysiaandothernationsshouldseekasystematicregimeofprotectionandrespectfortheircitizenswhostudyinothercountries.Asapatternofbilateralnegotiationsbecameestablishedcommonglobalstandardscouldemerge.B.WhatdidwefindTheexperienceofinternationalstudentsdiffersfromthatoflocalstudentsinthreeways.Firstthelivesofinternationalstudentsaremoremarginallonelierandlessinformedthanthoseoftheirlocalpeers.SecondthemajorityofinternationalstudentsinAustraliafaceatleastsomebarrierstocommunicatinginEnglishthataffectnotjustacademicprogressbutalsodailylife.Problemsofabuseordiscriminationareoftenassociatedwithcommunicationsissues.Thirdtherearepronounceddifferencesbetweenlocalandinternationalstudentsinareaswhereculturalidentityareatplaynotjustincross-culturalrelationsbutinlookingforrentalhousingseekingajobandsoon.C.Nationalandstategovernmentsshouldalsosubsidizeaffordablehousingforamixofinternationalandlocalstudentsinareaswherestudentsstudyandwork.Thegovernmentsshouldalsorequireinspectionsofstudents’rentalhousing.Theyshouldprovidesupervisedtransportespeciallyatnight.Thepoliceshouldpatrolhotspotswhereviolenceisoccurringormightoccur.Internationalstudentsshouldreceiveadequateinformationaboutsafetyandsecurityuponarrivalintheirnewcountries.D.Wedefinedstudentsecurityasincludingthefullrangeofissuesaffectingtheempowermentandprotectionofinternationalstudents:financialsupporthousinghealthsafetyworkissuesandrelationswiththeiruniversitiesandthegovernment’simmigrationdepartment.Wealsolookedintointernationalstudents’personalnetworkscommunicationsandinterculturalissues.WeconductedtheempiricalworkforourstudyinAustraliabutourresearchandthatofotherscholarsshowthattheunderlyingissuesarecommontosomeextenttoallcountries.E.Thefundamentalproblemhoweverlieswithnations’regulatoryframeworkswhichshouldbemodifiedforaglobalizedworld.Wemustfindwaysofmovinginternational-studentsecurityupthepolicyagendaofnationalgovernmentsmultilateralforumsandglobalagencies.AustralianinternationaleducationforexampleisnowregulatedthroughtheEducationServicesforOverseasStudentsAct.Itimposesobligationsonproviderinstitutionsmostlyinrelationtoconsumerprotectionandimmigrationcompliance.Butsafetyoncampusisnotmentioned.Theactdoesnotcoverstudents’livesinthecommunityoutsidethecampuswheremostproblemsofsecurityoccur.F.Butdelvedeeperandyouwillfindthatalthoughmoststudentssucceedabroadandhavesatisfyingexperiencescertainlynotallofthemdo—andsomehavemajorproblemswhichcanrangefarbeyondlonelinessanddifficultiesadjustingtonewcultures.Someinternationalstudentsarevictimsofterriblecrimes.Unfortunatelytheirsecurityisnotadequatelyensuredbythecountrieswheretheystudywhichstilltreatthemasoutsidersandtheirrightsasprivilegesthatcanbeignored.Eventhoughglobalmobilityineducationhasrenderedsuchanapproachobsoletenationalregulationshavenotkeptpace.G.WhatshouldbedonetoimprovethesafetyandsecurityofinternationalstudentsForthemsecuritymeansnotonlyprotectionbutalsothecapacitytooperateasfreehumanagentsmakingchoices.Formanyinternationalstudentsacquiringcommunicationskillsisalmostasimportantasacquiringdegrees.UniversitiesinEnglish-speakingcountriesshouldmakeEnglish-languagecommunicationaformalrequirementfordegreestatus.
In1999thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008ithad1the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread3inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld5someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities6majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworldspopulation—7risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithanygovernment10howun-pleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption11thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments12someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits14costsfromhigherprices.ConsideringGermany15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStatesasalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders 7
In1999thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008ithad1the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread3inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld5someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities6majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworldspopulation—7risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithanygovernment10howun-pleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption11thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments12someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits14costsfromhigherprices.ConsideringGermany15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStatesasalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders 9
In1999thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008ithad1the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread3inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld5someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities6majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworldspopulation—7risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithanygovernment10howun-pleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption11thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments12someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits14costsfromhigherprices.ConsideringGermany15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStatesasalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders 15
In1999thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008ithad1the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge2fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofChinaandIndiatowidespread3inoil-producingregionsincludingIraqandNigeria’sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave4theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld5someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities6majorimporters—includingChinaandIndiahometoathirdoftheworldspopulation—7risingeconomicandsocialcosts. Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral8ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto9scarcesuppliesandarewillingtodealwithanygovernment10howun-pleasanttodoit. Inmanypoornationswithoiltheprofitsarebeinglosttocorruption11thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments12someinthewestseeasanewthreat. CountrieslikeRussiaVenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil13achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits14costsfromhigherprices.ConsideringGermany15itimportsvirtuallyallitsoilithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia16128percentfrom2001to2006. IntheUnitedStatesasalreadyhighgaspricesrose17higherinthespringof2008theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaignwithSenatorsMcCainandObama18forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto19assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems20thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders 1
Societyexiststhroughaprocessoftransmission.Thistransmissionoccursbymeansofcommunicationofhabitsofdoingthinkingandfeelingfromtheoldertotheyounger.Soobviousisthenecessityofteachingandlearningforthecontinuedexistenceofasocietythatwemayseemtobedwellingexcessivelyonaself-evidenttruth.Butjustificationisfoundinthefactthatsuchemphasisisameansofgettingusawayfromanundulyscholasticandformalnotionofeducation.Schoolsareindeedoneimportantmethodofthetransmissionwhichformsthedispositionsoftheimmature;butitisonlyonemeansandcomparedwithotheragenciesarelativelysuperficialmeans.Onlyaswehavegraspedthenecessityofmorefundamentalandpersistentmodesoftuitioncanwemakesureofplacingthescholasticmethodsintheirtruecontext.Societynotonlycontinuestoexistbytransmissionbycommunicationbutitmayfairlybesaidtoexistintransmissionincommunication.Allcommunicationandhenceallgenuinesociallifeiseducative.Tobearecipientofacommunicationistohaveanenlargedandchangedexperience.Onesharesinwhatanotherhasthoughtandfeltandinsofarmeagerlyoramplyhashisownattitudemodified.Noristheonewhocommunicatesleftunaffected.Trytheexperimentofcommunicatingwithfullnessandaccuracysomeexperiencetoanotherespeciallyifitbesomewhatcomplicatedandyouwillfindyourownattitudetowardyourexperiencechanging;otherwiseyouresorttoswearwordsandexclamations.Theexperiencehastobeformulatedinordertobecommunicated.ToformulaterequiresgettingoutsideofitseeingitasanotherwouldseeitconsideringwhatpointsOfcontactithaswiththelifeofanothersothatitmaybegotintosuchformthathecanappreciateitsmeaning.Exceptindealingwithcommonplacesandcatchphrasesonehastoassimilateimaginativelysomethingofanother’sexperienceinordertotellhimintelligentlyofone’sownexperience.Allcommunicationislikeart.Itmayfairlybesaidthereforethatanysocialarrangementthatremainsvitallysocialorvitallysharediseducativetothosewhoparticipateinit.Onlywhenitbecomescastinamoldandrunsinaroutinewaydoesitloseitseducativepower.
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