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简述水资源有哪些特点？（15分）
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设函数fxgx在[ab]上连续在ab内二阶可导且存在相等的最大值又fa＝gafb＝gb证明 Ⅰ存在η∈ab使得fη=gη Ⅱ存在ξ∈ab使得f″ξ=g″ξ
sinx+cosx=
设函数y=yx由方程ylny-x+y=0确定试判断曲线y=yx在点11附近的凹凸性
设二维随机变量XY的概率密度为 Ⅰ求P{X＞2Y} Ⅱ求Z=X+Y的概率密度fZz
设距阵A=则A3的秩为
Text4 Themostthoroughlystudied intellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpolitical leadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.Accordingtothestandardhistoryof AmericanphilosophynowhereelseincolonialAmericawassomuchimportance attachedtointellectualpursuits.AccordingtomanybooksandarticlesNew England’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofan unfoldingdominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife. TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwith thePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthe church—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithour examinationofsouthernintellectuallifewemayconsidertheoriginalPuritans ascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.TheNew Englandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidely understoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.Theearlysettlers ofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluencein England.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusetts churchesinthedecadeafter1629therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohn WinthropaneducatedgentlemanlawyerandofficialoftheCrownbeforehe journeyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensivelyreachingboth NewWorldandOldWorldaudiencesandgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereof intellectualearnestness.Weshouldnotforgethoweverthat mostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers letalonedependentsandservantsleftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzedit isobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinking oftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDanewho emigratedinthelate1630sleftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEngland thatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusioneconomicfrustrationsand religioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible toldbasfatherthatthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfateandreadthe magicalwords:ComeoutfromamongthemtouchnouncleanthingandIwillbe yourGodandyoushallbemypeople.OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthe carefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinPuritan churches.Meanwhilemanysettlershadslighterreligious commitmentsthanDane’sasoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthe coastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldfurreligion.Ourmain endwastocatchfish.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften______.
设向量组a1a2a3线性无关则下列向量组线相关的是
Text3 Therelationshipbetweenformal educationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodby economistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedly necessaryforthesocialpoliticalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseand allothersocieties;howevertheconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeone oftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoor countriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitisbecausebuildingnew educationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimprove economicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofa researchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescan betrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityandasaresult radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.Ironicallythefirst evidenceforthisidesappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongagowiththe countryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeaktheU.S. workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycausesofthe poorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwasandremainsthegloballeaderin automotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S. factoriesofHondaNissanandToyotaachievedabout95percentofthe productivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S. workersreceivedonthejob.Morerecentlywhileexamining housingconstructiontheresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHoustonTexasconsistentlymet best-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthe buildingindustry’swork.Whatistherealrelationshipbetween educationandeconomicdevelopmentWehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomic growthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforce it.Alterallthat’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehunters andgatherers10000yearsagotheydidn’thavetimetowondermuchabout anythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodina moreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.As educationimprovedhumanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.When thecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotentialthey couldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducation isprobablyanecessarybutnotasufficientconditionforthecomplex politicalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountries mightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthat maybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation howeverdoesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforceto substantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdeveloping morequicklytherethanitis.Accordingtothelastparagraphdevelopmentoreducation______.
Coincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiological evolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860sBritish socialphilosopherHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicaland culturalevolution.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomenaincludinghuman societieschangedovertimeadvancingtowardperfection.41______ AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryof culturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morganhelpedfoundmodern anthropology—thescientificstudyofhumansocietiescustomsandbeliefs—thus becomingoneoftheearliestanthropologists.Inhisworkheattemptedtoshow howallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42 ______Intheearly1900sinNorthAmericaGerman-bornAmerican anthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistorical particularism.Historicalparticularismwhichemphasizedtheuniquenessofall culturesgavenewdirectiontoanthropology.43______Boas feltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofa uniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroader evolutionarystageortypeofculture.44______Historical particularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmerican anthropologylargelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Buta numberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularist theoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyevery importantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafewespeciallygifted peoplesthataccordingtodiffusioniststhenspreadtoothercultures.45 ______Alsointheearly1900sFrenchsociologistEmile Durkheimdevelopedatheoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluence anthropology.Durkheimproposedthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforce socialsolidarity.Aninterestintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionof societyandculturebecameamajorthemeinEuropeanandespeciallyBritish anthropology.A.Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations suchasinventionshadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.This theorywasknownasdiffusionism.B.Inordertostudyparticularculturesas completelyaspossiblehebecameskilledinlinguisticsthestudyof languagesandinphysicalanthropologythestudyofhumanbiologyand anatomy.C.Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehe calledthesurvivalofthefittestinwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmust eventuallybereplacedbystrongermoreadvancedracesandsocietiesD. Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople’s socialstructuresuchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren’s entranceintoadulthood.E.Thusinhisviewdiverseaspectsofculture suchasthestructureoffamiliesformsofmarriagecategoriesofkinship ownershipofpropertyformsofgovernmenttechnologyandsystemsoffood productionallchangedassocietiesevolved.F.Supportersofthetheory viewedcultureasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatworktogethertokeepa societyfunctioning.G.ForexampleBritishanthropologistsGraftonElliot SmithandW.J.Perryincorrectlysuggestedonthebasisofinadequate informationthatfarmingpotterymakingandmetallurgyalloriginatedin ancientEgyptanddiffusedthroughouttheworld.Infactallofthesecultural developmentsoccurredseparatelyatdifferenttimesinmanypartsofthe world.
设线性方程组 有公共解求a的值及所有公共解
Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhichevery onegetsfromlivingwithothersandthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.In theformercasetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportantbutit isnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.46Itmaybesaidthatthe measureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingand improvingexperiencebutthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive. Religiousassociationsbeganforexampleinthedesiretosecurethefavorof overrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesireto gratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclaborforthemost partbecauseofenslavementtoothersetc.47Onlygraduallywasthe by-productoftheinstitutionnotedandonlymoregraduallystillwasthis effectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution. Eventodayinourindustriallifeapartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousness andthrifttheintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhuman associationunderwhichtheworld’sworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattention ascomparedwithphysicaloutput.Butindealingwiththeyoung thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediatehumanfactgainsinimportance. 48Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofour actsupontheirdispositionitisnotseeasyasindealingwithadults. Theneedoftrainingistooevidentandthepressuretoaccomplishachangein theirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyout ofaccount.49Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemto shareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornotweareforming thepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadway inrealizingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctively humaneffectwemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargely throughdealingswiththeyoung.50Wearethusledto distinguishwithinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofar consideringamoreformalkindofeducation—thatofdirecttuitionor schooling.Inundevelopedsocialgroupswefindverylittleformalteaching andtraining.Thesegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsinto theyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepsadultsloyaltotheir group.
Directions: Restrictionsontheuseofplasticbagshavenotbeensosuccessfulinsomeregions.Whitepollutionisstillgoingon.Writealettertotheeditorsofyourlocalnewspaperto 1giveyouropinionsbrieflyand 2maketwoorthreesuggestions. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead. Donotwritetheaddress.
设fuv是二元可微函数=
设某商品的需求函数为Q=160-2p其中Qp分别表示需求量和价格如果该商品需求弹性的绝对值等于1则商品的价格是
如图6连续函数y=fx在区间[-3-2][23]上的图形分别是直径为1的上下半圆周在区间[-20][02]上图形分别是直径为2的上下半圆周设则下列结论正确的是
Coincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiological evolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860sBritish socialphilosopherHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicaland culturalevolution.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomenaincludinghuman societieschangedovertimeadvancingtowardperfection.41______ AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryof culturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morganhelpedfoundmodern anthropology—thescientificstudyofhumansocietiescustomsandbeliefs—thus becomingoneoftheearliestanthropologists.Inhisworkheattemptedtoshow howallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42 ______Intheearly1900sinNorthAmericaGerman-bornAmerican anthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistorical particularism.Historicalparticularismwhichemphasizedtheuniquenessofall culturesgavenewdirectiontoanthropology.43______Boas feltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofa uniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroader evolutionarystageortypeofculture.44______Historical particularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmerican anthropologylargelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Buta numberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularist theoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyevery importantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafewespeciallygifted peoplesthataccordingtodiffusioniststhenspreadtoothercultures.45 ______Alsointheearly1900sFrenchsociologistEmile Durkheimdevelopedatheoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluence anthropology.Durkheimproposedthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforce socialsolidarity.Aninterestintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionof societyandculturebecameamajorthemeinEuropeanandespeciallyBritish anthropology.A.Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations suchasinventionshadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.This theorywasknownasdiffusionism.B.Inordertostudyparticularculturesas completelyaspossiblehebecameskilledinlinguisticsthestudyof languagesandinphysicalanthropologythestudyofhumanbiologyand anatomy.C.Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehe calledthesurvivalofthefittestinwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmust eventuallybereplacedbystrongermoreadvancedracesandsocietiesD. Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople’s socialstructuresuchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren’s entranceintoadulthood.E.Thusinhisviewdiverseaspectsofculture suchasthestructureoffamiliesformsofmarriagecategoriesofkinship ownershipofpropertyformsofgovernmenttechnologyandsystemsoffood productionallchangedassocietiesevolved.F.Supportersofthetheory viewedcultureasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatworktogethertokeepa societyfunctioning.G.ForexampleBritishanthropologistsGraftonElliot SmithandW.J.Perryincorrectlysuggestedonthebasisofinadequate informationthatfarmingpotterymakingandmetallurgyalloriginatedin ancientEgyptanddiffusedthroughouttheworld.Infactallofthesecultural developmentsoccurredseparatelyatdifferenttimesinmanypartsofthe world.
某人向同一目标独立重复射击每次射击命中目标的概率为p0＜p＜1则此人第4次射击恰好第2次命中目标的概率为
当x→0+时与等价的无穷小量是
Text4 Themostthoroughlystudied intellectualsinthehistoryoftheNewWorldaretheministersandpolitical leadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.Accordingtothestandardhistoryof AmericanphilosophynowhereelseincolonialAmericawassomuchimportance attachedtointellectualpursuits.AccordingtomanybooksandarticlesNew England’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofan unfoldingdominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife. TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwith thePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthe church—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithour examinationofsouthernintellectuallifewemayconsidertheoriginalPuritans ascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.TheNew Englandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidely understoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.Theearlysettlers ofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluencein England.BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusetts churchesinthedecadeafter1629therewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohn WinthropaneducatedgentlemanlawyerandofficialoftheCrownbeforehe journeyedtoBoston.Thesemenwroteandpublishedextensivelyreachingboth NewWorldandOldWorldaudiencesandgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereof intellectualearnestness.Weshouldnotforgethoweverthat mostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers letalonedependentsandservantsleftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzedit isobviousthattheirviewswerelessfullyintellectualized.Theirthinking oftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality.AtailornamedJohnDanewho emigratedinthelate1630sleftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEngland thatisfilledwithsigns.Sexualconfusioneconomicfrustrationsand religioushope—allcametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible toldbasfatherthatthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfateandreadthe magicalwords:ComeoutfromamongthemtouchnouncleanthingandIwillbe yourGodandyoushallbemypeople.OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthe carefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinPuritan churches.Meanwhilemanysettlershadslighterreligious commitmentsthanDane’sasoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthe coastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldfurreligion.Ourmain endwastocatchfish.Itissuggestedinparagraph2thatNewEnglanders______.
Coincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiological evolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860sBritish socialphilosopherHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicaland culturalevolution.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomenaincludinghuman societieschangedovertimeadvancingtowardperfection.41______ AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryof culturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morganhelpedfoundmodern anthropology—thescientificstudyofhumansocietiescustomsandbeliefs—thus becomingoneoftheearliestanthropologists.Inhisworkheattemptedtoshow howallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42 ______Intheearly1900sinNorthAmericaGerman-bornAmerican anthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistorical particularism.Historicalparticularismwhichemphasizedtheuniquenessofall culturesgavenewdirectiontoanthropology.43______Boas feltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofa uniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroader evolutionarystageortypeofculture.44______Historical particularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmerican anthropologylargelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Buta numberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularist theoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyevery importantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafewespeciallygifted peoplesthataccordingtodiffusioniststhenspreadtoothercultures.45 ______Alsointheearly1900sFrenchsociologistEmile Durkheimdevelopedatheoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluence anthropology.Durkheimproposedthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforce socialsolidarity.Aninterestintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionof societyandculturebecameamajorthemeinEuropeanandespeciallyBritish anthropology.A.Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations suchasinventionshadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.This theorywasknownasdiffusionism.B.Inordertostudyparticularculturesas completelyaspossiblehebecameskilledinlinguisticsthestudyof languagesandinphysicalanthropologythestudyofhumanbiologyand anatomy.C.Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehe calledthesurvivalofthefittestinwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmust eventuallybereplacedbystrongermoreadvancedracesandsocietiesD. Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople’s socialstructuresuchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren’s entranceintoadulthood.E.Thusinhisviewdiverseaspectsofculture suchasthestructureoffamiliesformsofmarriagecategoriesofkinship ownershipofpropertyformsofgovernmenttechnologyandsystemsoffood productionallchangedassocietiesevolved.F.Supportersofthetheory viewedcultureasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatworktogethertokeepa societyfunctioning.G.ForexampleBritishanthropologistsGraftonElliot SmithandW.J.Perryincorrectlysuggestedonthebasisofinadequate informationthatfarmingpotterymakingandmetallurgyalloriginatedin ancientEgyptanddiffusedthroughouttheworld.Infactallofthesecultural developmentsoccurredseparatelyatdifferenttimesinmanypartsofthe world.
评估民主政治的标准
Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhichevery onegetsfromlivingwithothersandthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.In theformercasetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportantbutit isnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.46Itmaybesaidthatthe measureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingand improvingexperiencebutthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive. Religiousassociationsbeganforexampleinthedesiretosecurethefavorof overrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesireto gratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclaborforthemost partbecauseofenslavementtoothersetc.47Onlygraduallywasthe by-productoftheinstitutionnotedandonlymoregraduallystillwasthis effectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution. Eventodayinourindustriallifeapartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousness andthrifttheintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhuman associationunderwhichtheworld’sworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattention ascomparedwithphysicaloutput.Butindealingwiththeyoung thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediatehumanfactgainsinimportance. 48Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofour actsupontheirdispositionitisnotseeasyasindealingwithadults. Theneedoftrainingistooevidentandthepressuretoaccomplishachangein theirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyout ofaccount.49Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemto shareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornotweareforming thepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadway inrealizingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctively humaneffectwemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargely throughdealingswiththeyoung.50Wearethusledto distinguishwithinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofar consideringamoreformalkindofeducation—thatofdirecttuitionor schooling.Inundevelopedsocialgroupswefindverylittleformalteaching andtraining.Thesegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsinto theyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepsadultsloyaltotheir group.
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