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喘由外感者治肺由内伤者治肾出自
《医门法律》
《景岳全书》
《类证治裁》
《证治汇补》
扭伤的治则是针刺为主泻法陈伤者可
张仲景首创辨治外感疾病辨治内伤杂病的方法
搬运交通事故颈部受伤人员是正确的
首先固定伤者颈部, 由 4~5 人同时平抬起伤者, 使伤者脊椎姿势固定不动
首先固定伤者头部, 由 2~3 人同时平抬起伤者, 使伤者脊椎姿势固定不动
首先固定伤者头部, 由 4~5 人同时托起伤者, 使伤者保持头部略高, 处于舒适状态
喘由外感者治肺喘由内伤者治肾一语出自
《金匮要略》
《景岳全书》
《丹溪心法》
《类证治裁》
《医门法律》
喘由外感者治肺喘由内伤者治肾一语出自
《金匾要略》
《景岳全书》
《丹溪心法》
《类证治裁》
《医门法律》
哮证的治疗原则是发时治标平时治本实喘治肺治以虚喘治在肺肾以肾为主治以培补摄纳
头痛治疗的基本原则是外感头痛治以为主内伤头痛治以为主
喘由外感者治肺由内伤者治肾出自
《医门法律》
《景岳全书》
《类证治裁》
《证治汇补》
《丹溪心法》
喘由外感者治肺喘由内伤者治肾一语出自
《金匮要略》
《景岳全书》
《丹溪心法》
《类证治裁》
《医门法律》
喘由外感者治
心
肾
脾
肺
以下哪项不是实喘特征
呼吸深长有余，以呼出为快
少有痰鸣咳嗽
气粗声高
因于外感者，发病骤急，病程短，多有表证
因于内伤者，反复发作，外无表证
实喘治肺以____为主虚喘以____为主
下列哪项不是实喘特征
呼吸深长有余，以呼出为快
少有痰鸣咳嗽
气粗声高
因于外感者，发病骤急，病程短，多有表证
因于内伤者，反复发作，外无表证
头痛治疗的基本原则是缓急止痛外感头痛治以祛邪活络为主内伤头痛治以滋阴养血补阴为主
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Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJapanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithworkunliketheircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993surveyofcollegestudentsinthethreecountriesonly10%oftheJapaneseregardedworkasaprimaryvaluecomparedwith47%oftheirKoreancounterpartsand27%ofAmericanstudents.41______42______DatacollectedbytheJapanesegovernmentin1993showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingaboutsupportingtheiragedparentsincontrastto63%ofyoungAmericans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapanesearelosingbothrespectfortheirparentsandasenseofresponsibilitytothefamily.43______TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismostpronouncedamongtheveryyoung.Accordingto1991datafromtheSeimeiHokenBunkaCenterofJapan50%ofJapaneseyouthaged16to19canbelabeled"self-centered"comparedwith33%amongthoseaged25to29.44______DiminishingsocialresponsibilityaccordingtoYoshizakiistiedtothegrowinginterestinpleasureandpersonalsatisfaction.Astudycomparingsociety-consciousyouthfrom1977to1990foundthattheJapanesehadslippedfarbehindAmericanandAustralianstudents.45_____YoshizakiconcludesthattheentirevaluesystemofJapaneseyouthisundergoingmajortransformationbuttheyoungergenerationhasnotyetfoundaneworganizedvaluesystemtoreplacetheold. A.Toearntheself-centeredlabeltheyoungpeoplerespondedpositivelytosuchideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisionswithoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and"Idon’twanttodoanythingIcan’tenjoydoing." B.ComparewiththeoldgenerationtheyoungJapaneseseemsmoretoenjoyliferatherthanworkhard. C.Japaneseyouthisvigorousandfreshbutlacksexperienceinworkandlife. D.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechangetoJapaneseparents’overindulgenceoftheirchildrenmaterialaffluenceandgrowingconcernforprivatematters. E.Concernforfamilyvaluesiswaning减弱amongyoungerJapaneseastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction. F.Only11%ofJapaneseaged18to24saidtheygetpersonalsatisfactionindoingsomethingonbehalfofsocietyaccordingto1993datafromtheJapanesegovernmentwhilefourtimesasmanyAmericanssaidso. G.AgreaterproportionofJapaneseaged18to24alsopreferredeasyjobswithoutheavyresponsibility. 42
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJapanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithworkunliketheircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993surveyofcollegestudentsinthethreecountriesonly10%oftheJapaneseregardedworkasaprimaryvaluecomparedwith47%oftheirKoreancounterpartsand27%ofAmericanstudents.41______42______DatacollectedbytheJapanesegovernmentin1993showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingaboutsupportingtheiragedparentsincontrastto63%ofyoungAmericans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapanesearelosingbothrespectfortheirparentsandasenseofresponsibilitytothefamily.43______TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismostpronouncedamongtheveryyoung.Accordingto1991datafromtheSeimeiHokenBunkaCenterofJapan50%ofJapaneseyouthaged16to19canbelabeled"self-centered"comparedwith33%amongthoseaged25to29.44______DiminishingsocialresponsibilityaccordingtoYoshizakiistiedtothegrowinginterestinpleasureandpersonalsatisfaction.Astudycomparingsociety-consciousyouthfrom1977to1990foundthattheJapanesehadslippedfarbehindAmericanandAustralianstudents.45_____YoshizakiconcludesthattheentirevaluesystemofJapaneseyouthisundergoingmajortransformationbuttheyoungergenerationhasnotyetfoundaneworganizedvaluesystemtoreplacetheold. A.Toearntheself-centeredlabeltheyoungpeoplerespondedpositivelytosuchideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisionswithoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and"Idon’twanttodoanythingIcan’tenjoydoing." B.ComparewiththeoldgenerationtheyoungJapaneseseemsmoretoenjoyliferatherthanworkhard. C.Japaneseyouthisvigorousandfreshbutlacksexperienceinworkandlife. D.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechangetoJapaneseparents’overindulgenceoftheirchildrenmaterialaffluenceandgrowingconcernforprivatematters. E.Concernforfamilyvaluesiswaning减弱amongyoungerJapaneseastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction. F.Only11%ofJapaneseaged18to24saidtheygetpersonalsatisfactionindoingsomethingonbehalfofsocietyaccordingto1993datafromtheJapanesegovernmentwhilefourtimesasmanyAmericanssaidso. G.AgreaterproportionofJapaneseaged18to24alsopreferredeasyjobswithoutheavyresponsibility. 44
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.
一贯煎的药物组成是
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. ThephrasefunctioninthedisserviceofoneanotherLine7Para.1mostprobablymeans
Text3 Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Bameshassuggestedthatitis.aspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainlyitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthe.soilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantsandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolvedstate. ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplantssuchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowingmay havemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetimehoweverisonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesisbywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶落素andwithenergyderivedfromlight—toformsugarsrequirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Thisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopeningsthroughwhichthecarbondioxideenters.Thesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheleafhoweverpermitsanothergas--watervapor--tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideispresentintheaironlyintracequantities3to4partsin10000partsofairandwatervaporisnearsaturationintheairspaceswithintheleafat80°Fsaturatedairwouldcontainabout186partsofwatervaporin10000partsofairthetotalamountofwatervaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actuallybecauseofwindandotherfactorsthelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthantherelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Alsonotallofthecarbondioxidethatenterstheleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrates. AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSI-IEET1.40pointsText1Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulationhighlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.Howevertheideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtotheartseventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals/’Forthesciencesanewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtother01eofdataservingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpowernorisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthefttranscendsestablishedlimitsbutratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitinaninnovativewaythelimitsofanexistingformratherthantranscendthatform.Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvaluecomestomind.Moregenerallyhoweverwhetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.BecausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganizationsomemusicalworkssuchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataareofsignalhistoricalimportancebutfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.OntheotherhandMozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Ratherhewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therulesformsandconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozartHandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways. Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSI-IEET1.40pointsText1Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulationhighlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.Howevertheideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtotheartseventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals/’Forthesciencesanewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtother01eofdataservingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpowernorisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthefttranscendsestablishedlimitsbutratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploitinaninnovativewaythelimitsofanexistingformratherthantranscendthatform.Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvaluecomestomind.Moregenerallyhoweverwhetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.BecausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganizationsomemusicalworkssuchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataareofsignalhistoricalimportancebutfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.OntheotherhandMozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Ratherhewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therulesformsandconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozartHandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways. ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict
连朴饮的药物组成除黄连厚朴外还有
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.
Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Accordingtothepassageimprovisationwasmostpopular
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Text2Ofallthevarietiesofmusicwhichfillourconcerthallstheatersandnightclubsonlyjazzisnative’Americanmusic.Symphoniesandconcertostheancestorsofmovieandtelevisionscoresaswellasof’serious’or’legitimate’electronicmusicwerefirstcomposedinGermany.MusicalcomediesdescendedfromoperawhichwasfirstperformedinItaly.Andourever-popularnightclubsingersarethemusicalheirsoftheFrenchsingersofchansons.TheoneformofmusicwhichdidnotoriginateinEuropeandwhichispopulartodayworldwideisjazz.JazzwasborninNewOrleansthechildoftheBlacks.ItdrewontherhythmsaswellastheemotionalismoftheAfricanmusicofthe’Blackancestorswhichhadbeentransformedintoragtimeandtheblues.Improvisationwasanindispensableelement.Musicianswerepermittedinsoloperformanceplentyoffreedomtoplayinwhatevervariationsjustastheircreativemoodhappenedtoleadthem’along.ButduringtheSwingera1930s--1950simprompturenditionsgavewaytoarrangement.ItwasaperiodwhenjazzhaditswidestpopularappealwiththebigbandsthatboastedofsuchoutstandingbandleadersasDukeEllingtonGlennMillerandawholegalaxyoftop-notchinstrumentalists.Rockmusic’inthe1960sisasociologicalexpressionratherthanamusicalforceandtherockarenawasseenasasortofdebatingforumaplacewhereideasclashandcrashwhereAmericanyoungstersstruggletodefineandredefinetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.BobDylontouchedanerveofdisaffection.Hespokeofcivilrights;nuclearfalloutandloneliness.Hespokeofchangeandofthebewildermentofanoldergeneration.’Something’shappeninghere’hesang.’Youdon’tknowwhatitisdoyouMr.Jones’Othersenteredthedebate.TheBeatlesurgedpeaceandpietywithhumorandmaybealittleofhelpfromdrugs.Feelingsalwaysapartofanymusicalstatementwereamajorsubject.ElvisPresleybecamethepopiconmaybebecauseheactedoutyourwildestfantasiesbroughtoutyoursubduedidembodiedyourfrustratedteenagespiritandencouragedyourprotestagainsttraditionalvalues.Inthissenserockisthemusicofteenagerebellion.Allaspectsofmusic--itsexcitingoffbeatloudnessself-absorbedlyricsandravingdelivery--indicatedadefianceofadultauthority. Accordingtothepassagerockdominthesixtieswasseenas
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlives.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Outline 1.Theschoolactivitiesannouncementsonthecampus. 2.Thefirstgrouptakespartintheseactivitiesactivelyforvariousreasons. 3.Thesecondgroupspendtheirtimedifferently. 4.Yourpreference.
Text3 Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Bameshassuggestedthatitis.aspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainlyitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthe.soilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantsandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolvedstate. ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplantssuchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowingmay havemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetimehoweverisonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesisbywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶落素andwithenergyderivedfromlight—toformsugarsrequirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Thisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopeningsthroughwhichthecarbondioxideenters.Thesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheleafhoweverpermitsanothergas--watervapor--tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideispresentintheaironlyintracequantities3to4partsin10000partsofairandwatervaporisnearsaturationintheairspaceswithintheleafat80°Fsaturatedairwouldcontainabout186partsofwatervaporin10000partsofairthetotalamountofwatervaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actuallybecauseofwindandotherfactorsthelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthantherelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Alsonotallofthecarbondioxidethatenterstheleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrates. Theprimaryideaofthepassageis
月经先后无定期的针灸治则是
本题为选做题请在ⅠⅡ两道试题中选取其中一道作答若两题都回答只按第Ⅰ道试题的成绩记入总分 选做题Ⅰ 材料1 图瓦卢的一万多国民或许刚刚听完一项有关全球变暖的宣言这项宣言可能关乎他们的生死存亡 APEC首脑会议关于气候变化能源安全和清洁发展的宣言说到2030年将亚太地区能源强度在2005年的基础上至少降低25%据知这是APEC首脑会议首．次就全球变暖问题发表宣言 图瓦卢岛国的居民们不知是否该为此轻轻地舒展一口气 由于位于南太平洋的图瓦卢群岛面积狭小地势低洼有专家半开玩笑说当全球的人们将家中所有的灯都打开时所消耗的能源融化的冰雪就可能使图瓦卢在升高的海平面中遭遇灭顶之灾 ——中国新闻网2007年9月8日文章APEC关于气候问题的宣言能拯救图瓦卢吗 材料2 近年来环境污染和气候变化对人类的威胁日益引起国际社会的重视并逐渐成为有别于传统安全观的政治话题欧盟近期一再在国际重大场合充当环保急先锋不遗余力地在联合国八国峰会等国际场合渲染环境问题的政治色彩希望以气候牌作为自身的特色外交把欧盟商品的高环保标准和排放权交易机制作为范本加以推广欧盟围绕节能减排妁气候秀不仅是针对减少对外能源依赖改善自身能源安全交出的答卷更蕴含着欧盟力图掀起一场以高能效低排放为核心的新工业革命的野心而美国作为尚来签署京都议定书的世界第一排放大国为摆脱在应对全球气候变化上日益增加的内外压力也不时在环保问题上做出高姿态推销自身颇具优势的太阳能风能和生物能产品为政府大力投资的可替代能源研究收回成本 ——摘自光明日报2007年6月4日欧美为何争做气候秀 请回答 1结合材料2说明欧美围绕全球应对气候变暖政策主导权争夺的实质是什么 2结合材料12说明如何解决气候变化这一全球问题 选做题Ⅱ 阅读材料回答问题 材料1 我国GDP增长率连续4年超过10%但快速发展背后也有隐忧能源资源消耗高浪费严重其中单位GDP能耗相当于世界平均水平的3倍全国2000个国有煤矿的煤炭回采率平均只有45%左右科技进步对经济增长的贡献率远低于发达国家水平 材料2 __在2007年政府工作报告中提出国内生产总值增长8%左右的目标综合考虑了多种因素更重要的是要引导各方面认真落实科学发展观防止片面追求和盲目攀比增长速度实现经济又好又快发展从又快又好到又好又快表明我国经济发展进入一个新阶段真正步入科学发展的轨道要着力调整经济结构和转变增长方式加强资源节约和环境保护促进社会发展和改善使速度质量效益相协调消费投资出口相协调人口资源环境相协调 请回答 1运用矛盾分析法说明应如何正确认识和处理经济发展中好与快的辩证关系 2结合十七大报告精神请你谈谈如何促进国民经济又好又快发展
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsBothcommonsenseandresearchsaymemorydeclinesovertime.Theaccuracyofrecallandrecognitionareattheirbestimmediatelyafterencodingtheinformationdecliningatfirstrapidlythengradually.46Thelongerthedelaythemorelikelyitisthatinformationobtainedaftertheeventwillinterferewiththeoriginalmemorywhichreducesaccuracy.Admittedlysubsequentinterviewsormediareportscancreatesuchdistortions.47"Peopleareparticularlysusceptibletohavingtheirmemoriesmodifiedwhenthepassageoftimeallowstheoriginalmemorytofade.andwillbemostsusceptibleiftheyrepeatthemisinformationasfact."Leadingquestionscanleadtomistakes.Ifwitnessesareaskedwhethertheoffenderhadabeardtheymayincorporateanimaginarybeardintotheirmemories.Subsequentquestioningcanreinforcetheerrorthroughrepetition.Itisgenerallyagreedthatthememoriesofadultsandchildrenarefallible.Neverthelessevenprschoolerscanformreliablememories.Youngchildrendependoncontexttopromotememoryandnaturallyreportless.Childrenmayrecallmoreinformationwithadequatesupportbutthetypeofsupportandquestioningiscritical.Methodsofdrawingoutinformationhavetobecarefullymonitored.Althoughresearchshowstheaccuracyofbothadultsandchildrencanbeaffectedbyleadingorsuggestivequestionstheabilitytoresisttheinfluenceofexternalsuggestionincreaseswithage.48Childrenmaychangetheiraccountofaneventnotbecausetheirmemoryhasalteredbutbecausetheywishtocomplywiththesuggestionofanadultinauthorityorbecausetheyinterpretrepeatedquestioningasanindicationthattheirfirstresponseisjudgedwrong.Anareaofresearchstillrelativelyunexplorediswhetheryoungchildrenhavedifficultiesdistinguishingbetweenrealandimaginedevents.Weconcludethatwhilechildrenareoftenseenasunreliablewitnessesresearchdoesnotbearthatout.49Thecodeprovidesalternativewaysforchildrentogiveevidencetoincreaseaccuracyandgivesjudgesguidanceonwhattotellajurytohelpassesstheevidenceofveryyoungchildren.Itisgenerallyagreedsomeadultswhoexperiencesexualabusemayrecallmemoriesoftheabuseafterforgettingit.Thereisnoresearchtoindicatetherecalledmemoriesaremoreorlessaccuratethanmemoriesavailableallalong.Webelieveitisimpossibletodistinguishatruefromafalsememoryanditisdangeroustouseconfidencevividnessanddetailasindicatingtruth.50Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion.Hopefullyfurtherresearchisrequiredintointerviewtechniquesandconditionsunderwhichfalsememoriesandreportsofabusearemostlikelytoarise.Itseemsthatdecidingwhetheranymemoryistobefinallyassessedasreliableorthetreacherousallyofinventionwilllargelyremainachallengeforjudgesandjuries. Falsememoriescanbeinducedunderhypnosisandexperimentshaveindicateditispossiblealthoughdifficulttoimplantfalsememoriesofentireeventsbysuggestion
Text4Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother’isdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocial’entitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingthatisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Inthefirstparagraphwhydoestheauthorgivethe-definitionsofsometerms
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsWilliamAppletonauthorofarecentbookentitledFathersandDaughtersbelievesthatitisawoman’srelationshipwithherfather1decideshowsuccessfulshewillbeinher2life.AccordingtoAppletontherearethreeimportantstepsagirlmust3inherrelationshipwithDaddy.The4isthe"littlegirl"stageinwhichthedaughterlovesandidolizesherfather5hewereagodorherowithout6Andherfatherloveshisdaughter7blindlyseeingherasan"oasisofsmiles"inahardcoldworld.Thencomesthesecondstage.Itstartsduringadolescenceand8formanyyears.HerethelittlegirlbeginstorebelagainstDaddyand9hisauthority.Hereactswithangerand10Andthefinalstagecomes11awomanreachestheageofaboutthirty.Atthistimethedaughterseesherfathernot-asahero12asafoolbutlearnstoaccepthim13heisforbetterorworse.AndDaddyforgiveshertoofornotbeingthe14littlegirlhehadoncehopedfor.Butnotalldaughtersgothroughallthreestagesanditisherethatthekeytoawoman’scareer15.Thosegirlswhonevergetpastthefirst"oasisofsmiles"stage16alltheirlivesseekouttheirfathers’loveandapprovalwillnever17inthebusinessworld.Theywillremainatthesecretarial18alltheirlive.Itisonlythosewomenwhogettothefinalstagethosewho19andacceptDaddy’sfaultswhocanevenhopetobe20enoughandindependentenoughtobecomeacandidatefortop-management. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
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