首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
饮食不节包括 ① ； ② ； ③ 三个方面。
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《填空》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
婴幼儿食欲不振的常见原因包括饮食习惯不良疾病所致三个方面
异常处理主要用于使系统从故障中恢复主要包括以下三个方面提示信息不产生无效的结果和【11】
妇科的发病机理可概括为
脏腑功能失常，气血失调，冲任督带损伤三个方面
先天肾气不足，后天房劳多产损伤肾精，肾为冲任之本，肾虚，冲任不固
忧思劳倦，饮食不节，损伤脾气，脾失统摄，气随血陷，冲任不固
忧愁思虑，心阴暗耗，营血不足，冲任虚损
情志内伤，肝气郁结，血为气滞，冲任失调
人工髋关节术后需要终身随访复查内容主要包括____________________和________
俗称的三个鬼节中不包括
端午节
清明节
中元节
寒衣节
房颤的治疗包括三个方面
语调主要包括三个方面
中风的病因主要包括哪些方面
积损正衰
劳欲过度
饮食不节
情志所伤
气虚邪中
广义的饮食包括三个部分一是饮食原料的加工生产二是______三是对饮料食品的消费
妇科的发病机理可概括为
脏腑功能失常，气血失调，冲任督带损伤三个方面。
先天肾气不足，后天房劳多伤肾精，肾为冲任之本，肾虚，冲任不固。
情志内伤，肝气郁结，血为气滞，冲任失调。
忧思劳倦，饮食不节，损伤脾气，脾失统摄，气随血陷，冲任不固。
忧愁思虑，心阴暗耗，营血不足，冲任虚损。
营养调查包括_————三个方面
饮食不节包括____和____两个方面
过劳包括__________________三个方面
动是推拿治疗伤筋的原理之一包括三个方面即__________________三个方面
外科疾病致病因素主要有外感六淫____________情志内伤饮食不节房室损伤等六个方面
妇科的发病机理可概括为
脏腑功能失常、气血失调、冲任督带损伤三个方面
先天肾气不足，后天房劳多产损伤肾精，肾为冲任之本，肾虚，冲任不固
情志内伤，肝气郁结，血为气滞，冲任失调
忧思劳倦，饮食不节，损伤脾气，脾失统摄，气随血陷，冲任不固
忧愁思虑，心阴暗耗，营血不足，冲任虚损
语气习惯包括三个方面
痢疾的病因包括以下哪些方面
湿热之邪外袭
外感时邪疫毒
饮食不节
正气不足
脾胃虚弱
矿体地质研究的中心问题是它具体包括及三个方面这三个方面是从勘查角度研究矿体地质的基本内容
班组生产管理的内容一般包括
组织、准备、控制三个方面
组织、计划、准备三个方面
组织、计划、准备、控制四个方面
组织、控制两个方面
热门试题
更多
[A]Preservingculturalidentitycanbeachievedindifferentway. [B]Ritualandceremonyareusedinordertokeeptheirownculturalidentification. [C]Ritualandceremonyshouldnotberegardedasaonlywayofkeepingculturalidentificationfortheyhaveotherfunction. [D]Differentculturesmainlyusesuperstitiontokeepidentification. [E]Ritualandceremonyhaveacloserrelationwithsuperstition. [F]InAmericanritualandceremonycanshowtheirsubculturesidentity. Thespeakerassertsthatritualsandceremoniesareneededforanycultureorgroupofpeopletoretainastrongsenseofidentity.Iagreethatonepurposeofritualandceremonyistopreserveculturalidentityatleastinmoderntimes.Howeverthisisnottheirsolepurpose;norareritualandceremonytheonlymeansofpreservingculturalidentity. 41.______ Iagreewiththespeakerinsofarasonepurposeofritualandceremonyintoday’sworldistopreserveculturalidentity.NativeAmericantribesforexampleclingtenaciouslytotheirtraditionalceremoniesandritualswhichtypicallytellastoryabout’tribalheritage.Thereasonformaintainingtheseritualsandcustomslieslargelyinthetribes’500-yearstruggleagainstassimilationevenextinctionatthehandsofEuropeanintruders.Anoutwarddisplayoftraditionalcustomsanddistinctheritageisneededtoputtheworldonnoticethateachtribeisadistinctandautonomouspeoplewithitsownheritagevaluesandideas.Otherwisethetriberiskstotalassimilationandlossofidentity. 42.______ ThelackofmeaningfulritualandceremonyinhomogenousmainstreamAmericaunderscoresthispoint.Otherthanafewgratuitousceremoniessuchasweddingsandfuneralswemaintainnocommonritualstosetusapartfromothercultures.ThereasonforthisisthatasawholeAmericahaslittleculturalidentityofitsownanymore.InsteadithasbecomeapatchworkquiltofmanysubculturessuchasNativeAmericansHasidicJewsAmishandurbanAfricanAmericans--eachofwhichresorttosomeoutwarddemonstrationofitsdistinctivenessinordertoestablishandmaintainauniqueculturalidentity. 43.______ Neverthelesspreservingculturalidentifycannotbetheonlypurposeofritualandceremony.Otherwisehowwouldoneexplainwhyisolatedculturesthatdon’tneedtodistinguishthemselvestopreservetheiridentityneverthelessengageintheirowndistinctritualsandceremoniesInfacttheinitialpurposeofritualandceremonyisrootednotinculturalidentitybutrathersuperstitionandspiritualbelief.Theoriginalpurposeofaritualmighthavebeentofrightenawayevilspiritstobringaboutweatherconditionsfavorabletobountifulharvestsortoentreatthegodsforasuccessfulhuntorforvictoryinbattle.Eventodaysomeprimitiveculturesengageinritualsprimarilyforsuchreasons. 44.______ Norareritualandceremonytheonlymeansofpreservingculturalidentity.ForexampleourAmishculturedemonstratesitsdistinctivenessthroughdressandlifestyle.HasidicJewssetthemselvesapartbytheirdressvocationalchoicesanddietaryhabits.AndAfricanAmericansdistinguishthemselvestodaybytheirmannerofspeechandgesture.Ofcoursethesesubcultureshavetheirowndistinctwaysofcerebratingeventssuchasweddingscomingofageandsoforth.Yetritualandceremonyarenottheprimarymeansbywhichthesesubculturesmaintaintheiridentity. 45.______ Insumtopreventtotalculturalassimilationintoourmodern-dayhomogenoussoupasubculturewithauniqueandproudheritagemustmaintainanoutwarddisplayofthatheritage--bywayofritualandceremony.Neverthelessritualandceremonyserveaspiritualfunctionaswell--onethathaslittletodowithpreventingculturalassimilation.Moreoverritualsandceremoniesarenottheonlymeansofpreservingculturalidentity. 42
[A]Preservingculturalidentitycanbeachievedindifferentway. [B]Ritualandceremonyareusedinordertokeeptheirownculturalidentification. [C]Ritualandceremonyshouldnotberegardedasaonlywayofkeepingculturalidentificationfortheyhaveotherfunction. [D]Differentculturesmainlyusesuperstitiontokeepidentification. [E]Ritualandceremonyhaveacloserrelationwithsuperstition. [F]InAmericanritualandceremonycanshowtheirsubculturesidentity. Thespeakerassertsthatritualsandceremoniesareneededforanycultureorgroupofpeopletoretainastrongsenseofidentity.Iagreethatonepurposeofritualandceremonyistopreserveculturalidentityatleastinmoderntimes.Howeverthisisnottheirsolepurpose;norareritualandceremonytheonlymeansofpreservingculturalidentity. 41.______ Iagreewiththespeakerinsofarasonepurposeofritualandceremonyintoday’sworldistopreserveculturalidentity.NativeAmericantribesforexampleclingtenaciouslytotheirtraditionalceremoniesandritualswhichtypicallytellastoryabout’tribalheritage.Thereasonformaintainingtheseritualsandcustomslieslargelyinthetribes’500-yearstruggleagainstassimilationevenextinctionatthehandsofEuropeanintruders.Anoutwarddisplayoftraditionalcustomsanddistinctheritageisneededtoputtheworldonnoticethateachtribeisadistinctandautonomouspeoplewithitsownheritagevaluesandideas.Otherwisethetriberiskstotalassimilationandlossofidentity. 42.______ ThelackofmeaningfulritualandceremonyinhomogenousmainstreamAmericaunderscoresthispoint.Otherthanafewgratuitousceremoniessuchasweddingsandfuneralswemaintainnocommonritualstosetusapartfromothercultures.ThereasonforthisisthatasawholeAmericahaslittleculturalidentityofitsownanymore.InsteadithasbecomeapatchworkquiltofmanysubculturessuchasNativeAmericansHasidicJewsAmishandurbanAfricanAmericans--eachofwhichresorttosomeoutwarddemonstrationofitsdistinctivenessinordertoestablishandmaintainauniqueculturalidentity. 43.______ Neverthelesspreservingculturalidentifycannotbetheonlypurposeofritualandceremony.Otherwisehowwouldoneexplainwhyisolatedculturesthatdon’tneedtodistinguishthemselvestopreservetheiridentityneverthelessengageintheirowndistinctritualsandceremoniesInfacttheinitialpurposeofritualandceremonyisrootednotinculturalidentitybutrathersuperstitionandspiritualbelief.Theoriginalpurposeofaritualmighthavebeentofrightenawayevilspiritstobringaboutweatherconditionsfavorabletobountifulharvestsortoentreatthegodsforasuccessfulhuntorforvictoryinbattle.Eventodaysomeprimitiveculturesengageinritualsprimarilyforsuchreasons. 44.______ Norareritualandceremonytheonlymeansofpreservingculturalidentity.ForexampleourAmishculturedemonstratesitsdistinctivenessthroughdressandlifestyle.HasidicJewssetthemselvesapartbytheirdressvocationalchoicesanddietaryhabits.AndAfricanAmericansdistinguishthemselvestodaybytheirmannerofspeechandgesture.Ofcoursethesesubcultureshavetheirowndistinctwaysofcerebratingeventssuchasweddingscomingofageandsoforth.Yetritualandceremonyarenottheprimarymeansbywhichthesesubculturesmaintaintheiridentity. 45.______ Insumtopreventtotalculturalassimilationintoourmodern-dayhomogenoussoupasubculturewithauniqueandproudheritagemustmaintainanoutwarddisplayofthatheritage--bywayofritualandceremony.Neverthelessritualandceremonyserveaspiritualfunctionaswell--onethathaslittletodowithpreventingculturalassimilation.Moreoverritualsandceremoniesarenottheonlymeansofpreservingculturalidentity. 44
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopenheartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopenheartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
RichardSatavaprogrammanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologieshasbeenadrivingforcebringingvirtualrealitytomedicinewherecomputerscreatea"virtual"orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners从业者. "Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench"saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers. ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets头盔thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier. AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedurescientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgerytheymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputerwhichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforcetexturesandsound. Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchoolsurgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortestleastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor肿瘤.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrainshewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery. Duringtheseprocedures--operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered--surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan. Satavasays"Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine." Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed
RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV. Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesfoundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyerandwhatismorehehastoapplyitonhisfeetinthedarkand-rainrunningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto. Littleofhistimeisspentinchattinghewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsadunimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupidpettycrimes. Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrestedthestoryisover.Inreallifefindingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching. Havingmadeanarrestadetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferenceevidence. Thethirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressuresfirstasmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw~secondlyasexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways. Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworldtheworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness--asheseesit--ofcitizenssocialworkersdoctorslaw-makersandjudgeswhoinsteadofeliminatingcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresultdetectivesfeelisthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisrecatchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical. What’sthepoliceman’sbiggestheadache
RichardSatavaprogrammanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologieshasbeenadrivingforcebringingvirtualrealitytomedicinewherecomputerscreatea"virtual"orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners从业者. "Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench"saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers. ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets头盔thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier. AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedurescientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgerytheymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputerwhichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforcetexturesandsound. Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchoolsurgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortestleastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor肿瘤.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrainshewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery. Duringtheseprocedures--operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered--surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan. Satavasays"Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine." AccordingtoRichardSatavatheapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine
RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV. Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesfoundcriminallaw.Hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyerandwhatismorehehastoapplyitonhisfeetinthedarkand-rainrunningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto. Littleofhistimeisspentinchattinghewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsadunimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupidpettycrimes. Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrestedthestoryisover.Inreallifefindingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching. Havingmadeanarrestadetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferenceevidence. Thethirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressuresfirstasmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw~secondlyasexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways. Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworldtheworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness--asheseesit--ofcitizenssocialworkersdoctorslaw-makersandjudgeswhoinsteadofeliminatingcrimepunishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresultdetectivesfeelisthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisrecatchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical. Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopenheartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Directions: Therehasrecentlybeenadiscussioninanewspaperontheissueofchallenge.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto 1.showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow 1thecontentofthepicture 2themeaning/yourunderstanding 2.giveaspecificexample/commentand 3.giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytotreatchallenge. Youshouldneatlywrite160--200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
RichardSatavaprogrammanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologieshasbeenadrivingforcebringingvirtualrealitytomedicinewherecomputerscreatea"virtual"orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners从业者. "Withvirtualrealitywe’llbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench"saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers. ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets头盔thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier. AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedurescientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgerytheymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputerwhichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforcetexturesandsound. Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchoolsurgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortestleastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor肿瘤.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrainshewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery. Duringtheseprocedures--operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered--surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan. Satavasays"Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine." Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey
Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeoffourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastsareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thusamostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime. Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesweatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstormsfloodsfrostsdroughtsandallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day"outlook"whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelswithoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmassesfrontsandstorms. Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellitesenormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.Butthelimitationsofweathermodificationhavepreventedmeteorologicalresultsexceptintheseedingofsuper-cooledupslopemountainouswindswhichhaveproducedadditionalorographicalprecipitationonthewindwardsideofmountainranges.Neverthelesstheyhaveprovidedaclearerunderstandingofthefundamentalsofweatherelements. Thethirty-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining
Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappinessnoterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasureneitheranxietynorfeartheywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemiestherecouldbenomarriageaffectionamongcompanionsorbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infacttherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillseeincentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem. Insuchaworldthechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozerobecauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividualswecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelengthshapesizeortexturebutanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtussurpriseusangerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscolouredbyemotionsinourfamiliescommunitiesandoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsarc"good"andothersare"bad"andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infactsocietyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudessuchasloyaltymoralityprideshameguiltfearandgreedinordertomaintainitself.ItgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhenperformimportanttaskssuchassurgerymakesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchflyingfighterplanesinawarandUsesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts. Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat
Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeoffourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastsareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thusamostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime. Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesweatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstormsfloodsfrostsdroughtsandallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day"outlook"whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelswithoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmassesfrontsandstorms. Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellitesenormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.Butthelimitationsofweathermodificationhavepreventedmeteorologicalresultsexceptintheseedingofsuper-cooledupslopemountainouswindswhichhaveproducedadditionalorographicalprecipitationonthewindwardsideofmountainranges.Neverthelesstheyhaveprovidedaclearerunderstandingofthefundamentalsofweatherelements. Aweathermapissynopticbecauseit
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopenheartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappinessnoterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasureneitheranxietynorfeartheywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemiestherecouldbenomarriageaffectionamongcompanionsorbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infacttherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillseeincentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem. Insuchaworldthechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozerobecauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividualswecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelengthshapesizeortexturebutanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtussurpriseusangerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscolouredbyemotionsinourfamiliescommunitiesandoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsarc"good"andothersare"bad"andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infactsocietyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudessuchasloyaltymoralityprideshameguiltfearandgreedinordertomaintainitself.ItgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhenperformimportanttaskssuchassurgerymakesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchflyingfighterplanesinawarandUsesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenon
Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappinessnoterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasureneitheranxietynorfeartheywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemiestherecouldbenomarriageaffectionamongcompanionsorbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infacttherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillseeincentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem. Insuchaworldthechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozerobecauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividualswecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelengthshapesizeortexturebutanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtussurpriseusangerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscolouredbyemotionsinourfamiliescommunitiesandoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsarc"good"andothersare"bad"andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infactsocietyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudessuchasloyaltymoralityprideshameguiltfearandgreedinordertomaintainitself.ItgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhenperformimportanttaskssuchassurgerymakesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchflyingfighterplanesinawarandUsesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts. Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey
Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.46Atpresentitisgenerallyacceptedalthoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebasisofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspaceintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway.47Thisdoesnotmeanhoweverthatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshallwithinthescopeofthislectureenterintooneaspectonlynamelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities. 48Thetheoreticalseparationoflivingworkingtrafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanninghasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhomewhereastherehasbeenrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighborhoodofthehome.49Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotrightbecauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworkingisusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthefrontdoor. 50Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossibleandthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrictifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreetsbecausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweatherinshortifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthefrontdoorisshut. Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossibleandthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect
Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.46Atpresentitisgenerallyacceptedalthoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebasisofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspaceintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway.47Thisdoesnotmeanhoweverthatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshallwithinthescopeofthislectureenterintooneaspectonlynamelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities. 48Thetheoreticalseparationoflivingworkingtrafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanninghasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhomewhereastherehasbeenrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighborhoodofthehome.49Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotrightbecauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworkingisusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthefrontdoor. 50Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossibleandthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrictifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreetsbecausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweatherinshortifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthefrontdoorisshut. Thetheoreticalseparationoflivingworkingtrafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanninghasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhomewhereastherehasbeenrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighborhoodofthehome
Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.46Atpresentitisgenerallyacceptedalthoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebasisofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspaceintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway.47Thisdoesnotmeanhoweverthatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.AstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshallwithinthescopeofthislectureenterintooneaspectonlynamelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities. 48Thetheoreticalseparationoflivingworkingtrafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintown-and-countryplanninghasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhomewhereastherehasbeenrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighborhoodofthehome.49Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotrightbecauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworkingisusedforactivitiesatandaroundhome.Soitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthefrontdoor. 50Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossibleandthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrictifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreetsbecausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweatherinshortifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthefrontdoorisshut. Atpresentitisgenerallyacceptedalthoughmoreasaself-evidentstatementthanonthebasisofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglishfortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelshScottishorIrish3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas"English". EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondonpeoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents8therearelocalvariations. Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually"9"thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSouthernersandaremore11Theyareopenheartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshireforinstancemaylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes. InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman. InScotlandthesound16bytheletter"R"isgenerallyastrongsoundand"R"isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaseriouscautiousthriftypeople18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritaintheWelshtheIrishtheScotsarefrequently19asbeingmore"fiery"thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号