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我国文学史上第一个伟大的爱国诗人是（）
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后蜀曾诞生了中国历史上第一部文人词集并以此命名了中国文学史上第一个词派这本集子是
《易安集》
《花间集》
《淮海集》
《婉约集》
马克•吐温在哈克贝利•芬历险记中塑造了美国文学史上第一个正面黑人形象他的名字叫
填空我国文学史上向来以并称其中的指国风指骚体诗也就是指以战国末期我国历史上第一个伟大的浪漫主义爱国诗
①填空①我国文学史上向来以并称其中的指国风指骚体诗也就是指以战国末期我国历史上第一个伟大的浪漫主义爱
是我国文学史上第一个伟大的爱国诗人从他开始诗歌进入了从集体歌唱到的新时代
塑造了俄国文学史上第一个小人物形象的作家是
普希金
果戈理
莱门托夫
别林斯基
俄国文学史上第一个新人形象是
英沙洛夫
巴扎洛夫
罗普霍夫
拉赫美托夫
马克吐温是美国文学史上第一个用纯粹的美国口语进行写作的作家开创了一代文风福克纳称他为
屈原是中国文学史上第一位伟大的爱国诗人
中国文学史上第一位田园诗人是
屈原是我国文学史上第一个具有伟大成就的文学家．其代表作是水浒传
湖湘文学史上第一个伟大诗人是他还创作了长篇抒情诗离骚以及天问等优秀作品
屈原
贾谊
柳宗元
朱熹
在普希金的代表作叶甫根尼.奥涅金中塑造了俄国文学史上第一个形象
小人物
多余人
农奴
贵族
我国文学史上第一位伟大的诗人是谁
我国文学史上第一个伟大的诗人是
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杜甫
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文学史上第一个着力描写山水的诗人是
陶渊明
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谢灵运
普希金的是俄国第一部典范性的现实主义诗体长篇小说其中塑造了俄国文学史上第一个形象在短篇小说中的维林则
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InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
—WhatdidMrBlackdointhemiddleofthenight —WellI‘mnotsurebuthewasoftenheard___________.
C AmongvariousprogrammesTVtalkshowshavecoveredeveryinchofspaceon daytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachoneis differentinstyle风格.Butnotwoshowsaremoreoppositeincontentwhileatthesame timestandingoutabovetherestthantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows. JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingofrubbishtalk.Thecontentsonhis showareassurprisingascanbe.Forexampletheshowtakestheever-commontalk showtitlesoflovesexcheatingandhatetoadifferentlevel.ClearlytheJerrySpringer showisaboutthedarksideofsocietyyetpeoplearewillingtoeatupthetroublesofother people‘slives. LikeJerrySpringerOprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitstopbutOprahgoesinthe oppositedirection.Theshowismainlyabouttheimprovementofsocietyanddifferent qualityoflife.Contentsarefromteachingyourchildrenlessonsmanagingyourworkweek togettingtoknowyourneighbors. ComparedtoOprahtheJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingpoured intosociety.Jerryendseveryshowwithafinalword.Hemakesasmallspeechaboutthe entireideaoftheshow.Hopefullythisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomething veryvaluable. CleanasitistheOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow‘smainviewersare middleclassAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetimemoneyandabilitytodealwith life‘stougherproblems.JerrySpringerontheotherhandhasmoreofaconnectionwith theyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to-21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlife includeloverelationshipsexmoneyanddrug.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalue andlessonstobelearnedthroughtheshow‘sexploitation. ComparedwithotherTVtalkshowsboththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyare_____.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
1.DriverWanted 1Cleandrivinglicense. 2Mustbeofsmartappearance. 3Agedover25. Applyto:CapesTaxis17PalaceRoadBoston. parking.2.AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted 1Applicantsmustbebetween20and33yearsold. 2Height1.6mto1.75m. 3EducationtoGCSEstandard. 4Twolanguages.Mustbeabletoswim.Applyto:RecruitmentofficeSouthernAirlineHeathrowAirportWest.HR37KK 3.TeacherNeededForprivatelanguageschool.Teachingexperienceunnecessary. Applyto:TheDirectorofStudiesInstantLanguageLtd279CanalStreetBoston. WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthethreeadvertisements
—Whatmadehimsohappy —_____asthemodelstudentinschool.
Ourlunchbreakfrom11:50AMto1:40PM.Weare86._______________ likebirdthataresetfreefromourcage.Thefirstthing87._______________ wedoisrushtothefieldtohavethelunch.Studentsbring88._______________ outwhattheyprepareinthemorningforlunchthings89._______________ suchasbreadcarrotsdrinksetc.Atlunchstudentswhoget90.______________ intothreegroupsaccordingtotheirlikingeverydoingtheir91.______________ ownthings.Thefirstgroupofstudentsliketositinthefield92._____________ havinglunchandtalking.Theyeatveryslowandtalkabout93._____________ thenewshomeworketc.Idon’tfinditexcitedatall.94._______________ ThatisbecauseIdon’tusuallyeatlunchwiththem.95._____________
C AmongvariousprogrammesTVtalkshowshavecoveredeveryinchofspaceon daytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachoneis differentinstyle风格.Butnotwoshowsaremoreoppositeincontentwhileatthesame timestandingoutabovetherestthantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows. JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingofrubbishtalk.Thecontentsonhis showareassurprisingascanbe.Forexampletheshowtakestheever-commontalk showtitlesoflovesexcheatingandhatetoadifferentlevel.ClearlytheJerrySpringer showisaboutthedarksideofsocietyyetpeoplearewillingtoeatupthetroublesofother people‘slives. LikeJerrySpringerOprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitstopbutOprahgoesinthe oppositedirection.Theshowismainlyabouttheimprovementofsocietyanddifferent qualityoflife.Contentsarefromteachingyourchildrenlessonsmanagingyourworkweek togettingtoknowyourneighbors. ComparedtoOprahtheJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingpoured intosociety.Jerryendseveryshowwithafinalword.Hemakesasmallspeechaboutthe entireideaoftheshow.Hopefullythisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomething veryvaluable. CleanasitistheOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow‘smainviewersare middleclassAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetimemoneyandabilitytodealwith life‘stougherproblems.JerrySpringerontheotherhandhasmoreofaconnectionwith theyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to-21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlife includeloverelationshipsexmoneyanddrug.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalue andlessonstobelearnedthroughtheshow‘sexploitation. WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow
F Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudybutthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyearseducationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknowitiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemoryortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressurebuttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude. Asanxiety-makersexaminationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuture maybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywellorthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveoffhisbestwhenheisinmortalterrororafterasleeplessnightyetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschoolheentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured. Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof‘drop-outs’:youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareerCanwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents Agoodeducationshouldamongotherthingstrainyoutothinkforyourself.The examinationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabussothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidelybuttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledgebutinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteachingfortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjectstheyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress. Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappealbutnotafteranexaminer’s.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities.IsitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthemThisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis. Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:‘Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.’ Themainideaofthispassageis______.
Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybe seriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets. Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmallads.whichareinvirtuallyevery newspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe‘hatchmatchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers
_______centerhasbeensetuptogive________onscientificfarmingforthenearby farmers.
Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybe seriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets. Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmallads.whichareinvirtuallyevery newspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe‘hatchmatchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
F Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudybutthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyearseducationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknowitiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemoryortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressurebuttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude. Asanxiety-makersexaminationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuture maybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywellorthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveoffhisbestwhenheisinmortalterrororafterasleeplessnightyetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschoolheentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured. Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof‘drop-outs’:youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareerCanwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents Agoodeducationshouldamongotherthingstrainyoutothinkforyourself.The examinationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabussothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidelybuttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledgebutinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteachingfortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjectstheyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress. Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappealbutnotafteranexaminer’s.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities.IsitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthemThisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis. Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:‘Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.’ Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby_______.
E Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaidtheprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedareawouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebayandhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse. GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthe powerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelawhesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances. TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.TheycarriedplacardsthatreadNoNukesisGoodNukesSunpowerNotNuclearPowerandStopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolicebutrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassemblytrespassinganddisturbingthepeace. Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
1.DriverWanted 1Cleandrivinglicense. 2Mustbeofsmartappearance. 3Agedover25. Applyto:CapesTaxis17PalaceRoadBoston. parking.2.AirHostessesforInternationalFlightsWanted 1Applicantsmustbebetween20and33yearsold. 2Height1.6mto1.75m. 3EducationtoGCSEstandard. 4Twolanguages.Mustbeabletoswim.Applyto:RecruitmentofficeSouthernAirlineHeathrowAirportWest.HR37KK 3.TeacherNeededForprivatelanguageschool.Teachingexperienceunnecessary. Applyto:TheDirectorofStudiesInstantLanguageLtd279CanalStreetBoston. Benaged22fondofswimminganddrivinghasjustgraduatedfromacollege.Whichtohim
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
B Anewperiodiscoming.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceindustrytheinformationage theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoagreatchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe’re partlytherethepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallen sharplyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmericaEuropeandJapan twothirdsormoreareinmanyofthesecountriesareintheserviceindustryandthe numberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemore part-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreathofthegreatchangecan’tbe measuredbynumbersalonebecauseitalsoisgivingrisetonewwayofthinkingaboutthe natureofworkitself.Long-heldopinionsaboutjobsandcareerstheskillsneededto succeedeventherelationbetweenworkersandemployers—allthesearebeingdoubted. Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noone lookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveseenthewaysinwhichasingleinventionthe chip芯片wouldchangeourworldthankstoitsusesinpersonalcomputersandfactory equipment.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnologyorevensomestillunimagined technologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofgreatchanges.Butonethingiscertain: informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmoreimportantandthepeoplewhoownit whethertheyworkinfactoriesorserviceswillhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth. Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite. Theabilitytodealwithproblemsbymakinguseofinformationinsteadofperforming regulartaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoulookahead10yearsinformationservice willbeleadingtheway.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob. Knowledgesocietybringsaboutagreatchangethat__________
Nobodybutthetwins________someinterestintheprojecttillnow.
Maryspentthewholeweekend_______inherroom_______forthecomingexaminations.
E Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaidtheprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedareawouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebayandhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse. GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthe powerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelawhesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances. TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.TheycarriedplacardsthatreadNoNukesisGoodNukesSunpowerNotNuclearPowerandStopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolicebutrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassemblytrespassinganddisturbingthepeace. Whohadgas-masks
Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybe seriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets. Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmallads.whichareinvirtuallyevery newspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe‘hatchmatchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Thepassageis_______.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
ThenovelTheDaVinciCode______agreatsuccessandwastranslatedinto44 languagesin2004.
InthedaysofSamuelClemensbetterknownasMarkTwainlifeonasteamboatontheMississippiRiverwas41.Oneofthemostexciting42ofthatperiodwasarac43twoofthefastestriverboats. TheNatchezhadsteameduptheriverfromNewOrleanstoSt.Louisinthreedaystwenty-onehoursandfifty-eightminutes.JohnCannon44oftheRobertE.Leefeltsurethathecould45thistimeandchallengedthecaptainoftheNatchez.46hisboatlightCaptainCannon47nopassengers48;hedidnot49theusualgoods.Moreoverhehadcrewswithsuppliesofcoalwaitingonfloatsalongtheriversothattheboatwouldnothavetoputittoshorefor50. TheracebeganonJune301870.BeinglighterthantheNatcheztheLeejumpedintoanearlylead.Forthreedaystheracecontinued51theboatstravellingatfullsteam.Theywere52eachotherthewholetime53shortspaceswhenbendsintheriverhidoneortheotherfromview. ThenonlyafewhoursfromitsgoaltheNatchez54arockandranaground搁浅. TheLeesteamedproudlyintoSt.LouisinexactlythreedayseighteenhoursandthirtyminutesaftershehadleftNewOrleans.Bellrangandpeoplecalled55theboatnamedafterthegeneral56asanarmyengineerhadpreventedtheriverfromchangingitscourseandSt.Louis57becominganinlandtown.TheLee58agoodrecord---onethatbroughthonortoallrivermen.Howeverthegreatdayoftheriversteamerswasdrawingto59.The60wonthepassengerandgoodsbusinessfromtheriverboats. Thereareboatsontherivertoday.ButtheyarenotthewhitebirdsthatattractedyoungSamuelClemens.
Ourlunchbreakfrom11:50AMto1:40PM.Weare86._______________ likebirdthataresetfreefromourcage.Thefirstthing87._______________ wedoisrushtothefieldtohavethelunch.Studentsbring88._______________ outwhattheyprepareinthemorningforlunchthings89._______________ suchasbreadcarrotsdrinksetc.Atlunchstudentswhoget90.______________ intothreegroupsaccordingtotheirlikingeverydoingtheir91.______________ ownthings.Thefirstgroupofstudentsliketositinthefield92._____________ havinglunchandtalking.Theyeatveryslowandtalkabout93._____________ thenewshomeworketc.Idon’tfinditexcitedatall.94._______________ ThatisbecauseIdon’tusuallyeatlunchwiththem.95._____________
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