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Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouthwheremostoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocatedandmigratedtonorthernstateswith.thelargestnumbermovingitisclaimedbetween1916and1918.IthasbeenfrequentlyassumedbutnotprovedthatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwofactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustrywhichbeganin1898andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackgroundabackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills. ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenthoroughlyinvestigated.Althoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodus大批出走fromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigrationnoonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600000BlackworkersortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin"manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits"thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.ItisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomovebutanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth. Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmithsmasonscarpenters—whichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintradesbuttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetitionmechanizationandout-date.Theremainingsixty-fivepercentmorerecentlyurbanizedworkedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobaccolumbercoalandironmanufactureandrailroads.WagesintheSouthhoweverwerelowandBlackworkerswereawarethroughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpressthattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.DuringthatperiodurbanblackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuingarrivalofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkerswhoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thusamovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployedandtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsub-sequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethateasyconclusion’Paragraph3isbasedononeofthefollowingassumptions:
Fortunatelytherearestillafewtastythingsforusgourmandstoenjoyinrelativesecurity.Theirnumbershoweveraredepletedalmostdaily.Itseemsbyruthlessproclamationsfromtheever-vigilantFoodandDrugAdministrationanditsalliesourdoctors.Thelatestfelontofaceprosecutionisthesaltoflifesodiumchloride. OstensiblyoveruseofsaltmuseshighbloodpressureandhypertensionthecauseofhalfthedeathsintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Afewyearsagotheanti-saltcampaignersraisedsucharumpusthatsaltwasbannedfrombabyfood.Currentlypressureisbeingappliedtofoodmanufacturerstoobligethemtolabeltheirproductstoshowsodiumcontent.Bemusedoingsowouldcostmercenarymanufacturersmoneytheyarguethattheyhavenoideahowmuchsaltremainsonsuchthingsaspotatochipsandhowmuchstickstothebag.Furthermoresaltisn’ttheonlyharmfulingredientinfood.IfthemanufacturerhastoprovidesodiumcontentwhynotrequirehimtolisteveryingredientandspecifywhicharedetrimentaltoourhealthCigaretteshaveawarningprintedonthem.Shouldn’tthesametypeofwarningappearoncannedfoodsthatarenotoriouslyover-salted Thereareendlessifsandbutsinthecontroversybutthemosttellingoftheseisthequestionableproofofsalt’sdiaboliceffectuponbloodpressure.Truepeoplewhocuttheirsaltintakeloweredtheirbloodpressurebutwhereisthescientificproofthatsomethingotherthansaltdidn’tdothetrickThemostcommonmeansofprovidingdubiousproofthatsaltcauseshypertensionistocomparesocietiesthatuselittlesaltwiththosethatusemountainsofsaltintheirdailydiets.WhichgrouphasthehigherrateofhypertensionWhosebloodpressureislowerWhathappenswhensaltisintroducedintoagroupwheresaltisanoveltyDoesthebloodpressurerisesignificantlyStudiesoftheJapaneseindicatethatastheworld’sgreatestsalterstheysufferthemostfromhypertension.Ontheotherhandthesimplesalt-freecuisineofseveraltribesintheSolomonIslandshaskeptoldertribesmenandwomenfromdevelopinghypertensionandhighbloodpressureailmentstraditionallykillingtheirpeersinAmerica.NoaccountistakenoftheeffectsofinflationrecessionpollutioncrimeandsundryotherillstowhichAmericansunlikepeopleonprimitiveislandsareexposed. TosaltornottosaltThatisthequestion.Nowthatthequestionhasarisenitmustnotbetreatedwithlevitybutratherwithsearchingscientificinvestigationsothatthoseofuswhoarepreoccupiedwithbothsavoryfoodandlongevitymaydecidewhichofthetwoisworthitssalt. Whatistheattitudeoftheauthorofthispassagetowardthesaltcontroversy
Thinkingaboutnuclearterrorism.Therealisticthreatssettleintotwobroadcategories.46ThelesslikelybutfarmoreruinousisanactualnuclearexplosionagreatholeblownintheheartofNewYorkorWashingtonfollowedbyatoxicfogofradiation.Thiscouldbeproducedbyablack-marketnuclearwarheadprocuredfromanexistingarsenal军工厂whichmightbeinRussiaPakistanorothercountriesorareas.Ortheexplosivecouldbeahomemadedevicelowerinyieldthanafactorynuke核武器butstillcreatinggreatsuffering. 47Thesecondcategoryisaradiologicalattackcontaminatingapublicplacewithradioactivematerialbypackingitwithconventionalexplosivesina"dirtybomb"bydispersingitintotheairorwaterorbydestroyinganuclearfacility.Bycomparisonwiththetaskofcreatingnuclearfissionsomeoftheseschemeswouldbealmostchildishlysimplealthoughtheconsequenceswouldbelesshorrifying. Nothingisreallynewabouttheseperils.ThemeanstoinflictnuclearharmonAmericahavebeenavailabletorascalsforalongtime.Seriousstudiesofthethreatofnuclearterrordatedbacktothe1970’s.48AmericanprogramstokeepRussiannuclearingredientsfromfallingintomurderoushandswerehatchedsoonaftertheSovietUniondisintegratedadecadeago.WhenterroristsgetaroundtotryingtheirfirstnuclearassaultasyoucanbesuretheywilltherewillbeplentyofpeopleentitledtosayItoldyouso. 49AllSept.11didwastoturnatheoreticalpossibilityintoafeltdangerAllitdidwastosupplyacredibleeastofcharacterswhohateussomuchthattheywouldthrilltotheprospectofactuallydoingit-andmostimportantinrethinkingtheprobabilitieswouldbehappytodieintheeffort.Allitdidwastogiveournightmareslegs. Andofthemanynightmaresanimatedbytheattacksthisistheonewithprideofplaceinourexperienceandliterature—andweknowfromhisownlipsinOsamabinLaden’s奥萨马·本·拉登aspirations.InFebruaryTomRidgetheBushadministration’shomelandsecuritychiefvisitedTheTimesforaconversationandattheendsomeoneaskedgivenallthethingshehadtoworryabout--hijackedairlinersanthrax炭疽热inthemailsmallpoxgermsincrop-dusters--whatdidheworryaboutmostHecuppedhishandsprayerfullyandpressedhisfingertipstohislips."Nuclear"hesaidsimply. Myassignmentherewastostareatthatfearandtheinventoryofthepossibilities.HowafraidshouldwebeandwhatofexactlyI’lltellyouattheoutsetthiswasnotoneofthoseexercisesinwhichweighingthefearsandassigningthemprobabilitieslaidthemtorest.I’mnotevacuatingManhattanbutneitheramIsleepingquiteassoundly.50AsIwaswritingthisoneSaturdayinAprilthefloorbegantorumbleandmydesklampshookprecariously不稳定的充满危险的.AlthoughIgrewupontheSanAndreasFaultthefactthatNewYorkwasexperiencinganearthquakewasonlymysecondthought. AllSept.11didwastoturnatheoreticalpossibilityintoafeltdanger
Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouthwheremostoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocatedandmigratedtonorthernstateswith.thelargestnumbermovingitisclaimedbetween1916and1918.IthasbeenfrequentlyassumedbutnotprovedthatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwofactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustrywhichbeganin1898andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackgroundabackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills. ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenthoroughlyinvestigated.Althoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodus大批出走fromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigrationnoonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600000BlackworkersortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin"manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits"thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.ItisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomovebutanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth. Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmithsmasonscarpenters—whichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintradesbuttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetitionmechanizationandout-date.Theremainingsixty-fivepercentmorerecentlyurbanizedworkedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobaccolumbercoalandironmanufactureandrailroads.WagesintheSouthhoweverwerelowandBlackworkerswereawarethroughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpressthattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.DuringthatperiodurbanblackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuingarrivalofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkerswhoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thusamovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployedandtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsub-sequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Moreandmoreresidencesbusinessesandevengovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestotakemessagesorgiveinformationorinstructions.Sometimesthesemachinesgive1instructionsorplaymessagesthataredifficulttounderstand.Ifyou2telephonecallsyouneedtobereadytorespondifyougeta3.Themostcommonmachineisthe4usedinresidence.Ifyoucallahome5thereisatelephoneansweringmachineinoperationyou6hearseveralringsandthenarecordedmessage7usuallysayssomething8this:"Hello.Wecan’tcometothe9rightnow.Ifyouwantustocallyoubackpleaseleaveyournameandnumberafterthebeep."Thenyouwillheara"beep"10isabriefhigh-pitched11.Alterthebeepyoucansaywhoyouarewhomyouwanttospeaktoandwhatnumberthepersonshouldcallto12youoryoucanleavea13.Sometelephoneansweringmachines14foronly20or30secondsafterthebeepsoyoumustrespondquickly.Somelargebusinessesandgovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestoprovideinformationon15aboutwhichtheyreceivealargevolumeof16.Usingthesesystems17youtohaveatouch-tonephoneaphonewithbuttonsratherthanarotarydial.Thevoiceonthemachinewilltellyourtopushacertainbuttononyourtelephoneifyouwantin-formationonTopicAanotherbuttonforTopicBandsoon.Youlisten18youhearthetopicyouwanttolearnaboutandthenyoupushthe19button.Aftermakingyour20youwillheararecordedmessageonthetopic. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Directions:YouaregoingtostudyattheUniversityofCardiff.Writealetteraskingtobeenrolledinitslanguagetrainingprogram.Yourlettershouldbebasedontheoutlinegivenbelow:1thepurposeofthisletter;2yourplanforyourB.A.degree;3yourhope.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiPenginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s20stateshadestablishedasylums.Butduringthelate1800sandearly1900sinthefaceofeconomicdepressionlegislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionallypatientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipatedandsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichthefightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten. TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarⅡ.Atthattimenewtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesconsidereduntreatablepenicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressionsandasuccessionofbooksmotionpicturesandnewspaperscalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgrammeisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswerestoreincominguntiltheearly1960s.AtthattimetheCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisonswhichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacksandtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheinstitutionsthatwereworsethanthehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwhoencouragedbylegalsupportwerequicktodemandtheirfights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsanebycontrastwerepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered"crazy"andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedoseofmajortranquillizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewereafterallpeoplewhounlikecriminalshaddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutionsaninjusticewhichonceexposedwashoundtoshockthepublicandparticularlythejudicialconscience. Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffectsbutthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourtsoitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalheathcareandassuranceofpatientfightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttaskadministratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected. Themainpurposeofthepassageisto
Moreandmoreresidencesbusinessesandevengovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestotakemessagesorgiveinformationorinstructions.Sometimesthesemachinesgive1instructionsorplaymessagesthataredifficulttounderstand.Ifyou2telephonecallsyouneedtobereadytorespondifyougeta3.Themostcommonmachineisthe4usedinresidence.Ifyoucallahome5thereisatelephoneansweringmachineinoperationyou6hearseveralringsandthenarecordedmessage7usuallysayssomething8this:"Hello.Wecan’tcometothe9rightnow.Ifyouwantustocallyoubackpleaseleaveyournameandnumberafterthebeep."Thenyouwillheara"beep"10isabriefhigh-pitched11.Alterthebeepyoucansaywhoyouarewhomyouwanttospeaktoandwhatnumberthepersonshouldcallto12youoryoucanleavea13.Sometelephoneansweringmachines14foronly20or30secondsafterthebeepsoyoumustrespondquickly.Somelargebusinessesandgovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestoprovideinformationon15aboutwhichtheyreceivealargevolumeof16.Usingthesesystems17youtohaveatouch-tonephoneaphonewithbuttonsratherthanarotarydial.Thevoiceonthemachinewilltellyourtopushacertainbuttononyourtelephoneifyouwantin-formationonTopicAanotherbuttonforTopicBandsoon.Youlisten18youhearthetopicyouwanttolearnaboutandthenyoupushthe19button.Aftermakingyour20youwillheararecordedmessageonthetopic. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Moreandmoreresidencesbusinessesandevengovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestotakemessagesorgiveinformationorinstructions.Sometimesthesemachinesgive1instructionsorplaymessagesthataredifficulttounderstand.Ifyou2telephonecallsyouneedtobereadytorespondifyougeta3.Themostcommonmachineisthe4usedinresidence.Ifyoucallahome5thereisatelephoneansweringmachineinoperationyou6hearseveralringsandthenarecordedmessage7usuallysayssomething8this:"Hello.Wecan’tcometothe9rightnow.Ifyouwantustocallyoubackpleaseleaveyournameandnumberafterthebeep."Thenyouwillheara"beep"10isabriefhigh-pitched11.Alterthebeepyoucansaywhoyouarewhomyouwanttospeaktoandwhatnumberthepersonshouldcallto12youoryoucanleavea13.Sometelephoneansweringmachines14foronly20or30secondsafterthebeepsoyoumustrespondquickly.Somelargebusinessesandgovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestoprovideinformationon15aboutwhichtheyreceivealargevolumeof16.Usingthesesystems17youtohaveatouch-tonephoneaphonewithbuttonsratherthanarotarydial.Thevoiceonthemachinewilltellyourtopushacertainbuttononyourtelephoneifyouwantin-formationonTopicAanotherbuttonforTopicBandsoon.Youlisten18youhearthetopicyouwanttolearnaboutandthenyoupushthe19button.Aftermakingyour20youwillheararecordedmessageonthetopic. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfemininenotbecausethatisthewaytheworldisbutbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgmentsparticularlyaboutlanguage. Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineand.femininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminineandsupportiveboyseffeminateandtrytoehan4gethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk. Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguagefewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn沉黙的malespeakersandgossipygarrulous饶舌的femalespeakersarejustthat:images. Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmalesstoptalkinginmid-sentenceortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragaintheydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound. Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfoundthequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferencesisintheeyeorearofthebeholderratherthaninthelanguage. Ifmalesdonotspeakinhigh-pitchedvoicesitisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhigh-pitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsoluteforwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry. WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk
Moreandmoreresidencesbusinessesandevengovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestotakemessagesorgiveinformationorinstructions.Sometimesthesemachinesgive1instructionsorplaymessagesthataredifficulttounderstand.Ifyou2telephonecallsyouneedtobereadytorespondifyougeta3.Themostcommonmachineisthe4usedinresidence.Ifyoucallahome5thereisatelephoneansweringmachineinoperationyou6hearseveralringsandthenarecordedmessage7usuallysayssomething8this:"Hello.Wecan’tcometothe9rightnow.Ifyouwantustocallyoubackpleaseleaveyournameandnumberafterthebeep."Thenyouwillheara"beep"10isabriefhigh-pitched11.Alterthebeepyoucansaywhoyouarewhomyouwanttospeaktoandwhatnumberthepersonshouldcallto12youoryoucanleavea13.Sometelephoneansweringmachines14foronly20or30secondsafterthebeepsoyoumustrespondquickly.Somelargebusinessesandgovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestoprovideinformationon15aboutwhichtheyreceivealargevolumeof16.Usingthesesystems17youtohaveatouch-tonephoneaphonewithbuttonsratherthanarotarydial.Thevoiceonthemachinewilltellyourtopushacertainbuttononyourtelephoneifyouwantin-formationonTopicAanotherbuttonforTopicBandsoon.Youlisten18youhearthetopicyouwanttolearnaboutandthenyoupushthe19button.Aftermakingyour20youwillheararecordedmessageonthetopic. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Fortunatelytherearestillafewtastythingsforusgourmandstoenjoyinrelativesecurity.Theirnumbershoweveraredepletedalmostdaily.Itseemsbyruthlessproclamationsfromtheever-vigilantFoodandDrugAdministrationanditsalliesourdoctors.Thelatestfelontofaceprosecutionisthesaltoflifesodiumchloride. OstensiblyoveruseofsaltmuseshighbloodpressureandhypertensionthecauseofhalfthedeathsintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Afewyearsagotheanti-saltcampaignersraisedsucharumpusthatsaltwasbannedfrombabyfood.Currentlypressureisbeingappliedtofoodmanufacturerstoobligethemtolabeltheirproductstoshowsodiumcontent.Bemusedoingsowouldcostmercenarymanufacturersmoneytheyarguethattheyhavenoideahowmuchsaltremainsonsuchthingsaspotatochipsandhowmuchstickstothebag.Furthermoresaltisn’ttheonlyharmfulingredientinfood.IfthemanufacturerhastoprovidesodiumcontentwhynotrequirehimtolisteveryingredientandspecifywhicharedetrimentaltoourhealthCigaretteshaveawarningprintedonthem.Shouldn’tthesametypeofwarningappearoncannedfoodsthatarenotoriouslyover-salted Thereareendlessifsandbutsinthecontroversybutthemosttellingoftheseisthequestionableproofofsalt’sdiaboliceffectuponbloodpressure.Truepeoplewhocuttheirsaltintakeloweredtheirbloodpressurebutwhereisthescientificproofthatsomethingotherthansaltdidn’tdothetrickThemostcommonmeansofprovidingdubiousproofthatsaltcauseshypertensionistocomparesocietiesthatuselittlesaltwiththosethatusemountainsofsaltintheirdailydiets.WhichgrouphasthehigherrateofhypertensionWhosebloodpressureislowerWhathappenswhensaltisintroducedintoagroupwheresaltisanoveltyDoesthebloodpressurerisesignificantlyStudiesoftheJapaneseindicatethatastheworld’sgreatestsalterstheysufferthemostfromhypertension.Ontheotherhandthesimplesalt-freecuisineofseveraltribesintheSolomonIslandshaskeptoldertribesmenandwomenfromdevelopinghypertensionandhighbloodpressureailmentstraditionallykillingtheirpeersinAmerica.NoaccountistakenoftheeffectsofinflationrecessionpollutioncrimeandsundryotherillstowhichAmericansunlikepeopleonprimitiveislandsareexposed. TosaltornottosaltThatisthequestion.Nowthatthequestionhasarisenitmustnotbetreatedwithlevitybutratherwithsearchingscientificinvestigationsothatthoseofuswhoarepreoccupiedwithbothsavoryfoodandlongevitymaydecidewhichofthetwoisworthitssalt. Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’ssuggestionwithregardtothesaltcontroversy
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s20stateshadestablishedasylums.Butduringthelate1800sandearly1900sinthefaceofeconomicdepressionlegislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionallypatientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipatedandsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichthefightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten. TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarⅡ.Atthattimenewtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesconsidereduntreatablepenicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressionsandasuccessionofbooksmotionpicturesandnewspaperscalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgrammeisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswerestoreincominguntiltheearly1960s.AtthattimetheCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisonswhichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacksandtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheinstitutionsthatwereworsethanthehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwhoencouragedbylegalsupportwerequicktodemandtheirfights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsanebycontrastwerepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered"crazy"andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedoseofmajortranquillizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewereafterallpeoplewhounlikecriminalshaddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutionsaninjusticewhichonceexposedwashoundtoshockthepublicandparticularlythejudicialconscience. Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffectsbutthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourtsoitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalheathcareandassuranceofpatientfightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttaskadministratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueintheearly1960saccordingtothepassage
ArecessionmarkedtheearlyyearsofReagan’spresidencybutconditionsstartedtoimprovein1983andtheUnitedStatesenteredoneofthelongestperiodsofsustainedeconomicgrowthsinceWorldWarⅡ.Howeveranalarmingpercentageofthisgrowthwasbasedondeficitspending.In1988formervicepresidentGeorgeBushbecamePresident.HecontinuedmanyofReagan’spolicies.Bush’seffortstogaincontroloverthefederalbudgetdeficithoweverwereproblematic.The1990sbroughtanewpresidentBillClintonacautiousmoderateDemocratwhoseliberalinitiativescreatedamythfortheAmericaneconomy. 41__________.StillalthoughClintonreducedthesizeofthefederalworkforcethegovernmentcontinuedtoplayacrucialroleinthenation’seconomy.MastofthemajorinnovationsoftheNewDealandagoodmanyoftheGreatSocietyremainedinplace.AndtheFederalReservesystemcontinuedtoregulatetheoverallpaceofeconomicactivitywithawatchfuleyeforanysignsofrenewedinflation. 42__________.Technologicaldevelopmentsbroughtawiderangeofsophisticatednewelectronicproducts.Innovationsintelecommunicationsandcomputernetworkingspawnedavastcomputerhardwareandsoftwareindustryandrevolutionizedthewaymanyindustriesoperate. 43__________.NolongerareAmericansafraidthattheJapanesewilloverwhelmthemwithsuperiortechnologyorthattheywillsaddletheirchildrenwithgovernmentdebt. America’slaborforcechangedmarkedlyduringthe1990s.Continuingalongtermtrendthenumberoffarmersdeclined.Asmallportionofworkershadjobsinindustrywhileamuchgreatershareworkedintheservicesectorinjobsrangingfromstoreclerkstofinancialplanners.IfsteelandshoeswerenolongerAmericanmanufacturingmainstayscomputersandthesoftwarethatmakethemrunwere. 44__________.EconomistssurprisedatthecombinationofrapidgrowthandcontinuedlowinflationdebatedwhethertheUnitedStateshada"neweconomy"capableofsustainingafastergrowthratethanseemedpossiblebasedontheexperiencesoftheprevious40years. 45__________.Asiawhichhadgrownespeciallyrapidlyduringthe1980sjoinedEuropeasamajorsupplieroffinishedgoodsandamarketforAmericanexports.Sophisticatedworldwidetelecommunicationssystemslinkedtheworld’sfinancialmarketsinawayunimaginableevenafewyearsearlier. A.Theeconomymeanwhileturnedinanincreasinglyhealthyperformanceasthe1990sprogressed.WiththefalloftheSovietUnionandEasternEuropeancommunisminthelate1980stradeopportunitiesexpandedgreatly. B.StillAmericansendedthe1990switharestoredsenseofconfidence.Bytheendof1999theeconomyhadgrowncontinuouslysinceMarch1991thelongestpeacetimeeconomicexpansioninhistory. C.Clintonsoundedsomeofthesamethemesashispredecessors.AfterunsuccessfullyurgingCongresstoenactanambitiousproposaltoexpandhealth-insurancecoverageClintondeclaredthattheeraof"biggovernment"wasoverinAmerica.HepushedtostrengthenmarketforcesinsomesectorsworkingwithCongresstoopenlocaltelephoneservicetocompetition.HealsojoinedRepublicanstoreducewelfarebenefits. D.FinallytheAmericaneconomywasmorecloselyintertwinedwiththeglobaleconomythaniteverhadbeen.Clintonlikehispredecessorshadcontinuedtopushforeliminationoftradebarriers.ANorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementNAFTA.hadfurtherincreasedeconomictiesbetweentheUnitedStatesanditslargesttradingpartnersCanadaandMexico. E.WhilemanyAmericansremainedconvincedthatglobaleconomicintegrationbenefitedallnationsthegrowinginterdependencecreatedsomedislocationsaswell.Workersinhigh-technologyindustriesatwhichtheUnitedStatesexcelledfaredratherwellbutcompetitionfrommanyforeigncountriesthatgenerallyhadlowerlaborcoststendedtodampenwagesintraditionalmanufacturingindustries. F.TheexpansionthatbeganinMarch1991hasraisedrealgrossdomesticproductbymorethanathirdminted100000morepeopleearningamilliondollarsayear.Afterpeakingat$290000millionin1992thefederalbudgetdeficitsteadilyshrankaseconomicgrowthincreasedtaxrevenues.In1998thegovernmentposteditsfirstsurplusin30yearsalthoughahugedebtmainlyintheformofpromisedfutureSocialSecuritypaymentstothebabyboomersremained. G.BestofallthehealthyeconomyhastransformedthepsycheofmillionsofAmericans.Thepervasivegloomatthebeginningofthe1990sisgone. 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfemininenotbecausethatisthewaytheworldisbutbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgmentsparticularlyaboutlanguage. Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineand.femininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminineandsupportiveboyseffeminateandtrytoehan4gethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk. Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguagefewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itseemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn沉黙的malespeakersandgossipygarrulous饶舌的femalespeakersarejustthat:images. Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmoreresearchhasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmalesstoptalkinginmid-sentenceortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragaintheydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound. Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfoundthequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferencesisintheeyeorearofthebeholderratherthaninthelanguage. Ifmalesdonotspeakinhigh-pitchedvoicesitisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoso.Thereasonismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhigh-pitchedvoicesareoftentheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsoluteforwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry. WhatdoesthewordeffeminateSentence3Paragraph2mean
Moreandmoreresidencesbusinessesandevengovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestotakemessagesorgiveinformationorinstructions.Sometimesthesemachinesgive1instructionsorplaymessagesthataredifficulttounderstand.Ifyou2telephonecallsyouneedtobereadytorespondifyougeta3.Themostcommonmachineisthe4usedinresidence.Ifyoucallahome5thereisatelephoneansweringmachineinoperationyou6hearseveralringsandthenarecordedmessage7usuallysayssomething8this:"Hello.Wecan’tcometothe9rightnow.Ifyouwantustocallyoubackpleaseleaveyournameandnumberafterthebeep."Thenyouwillheara"beep"10isabriefhigh-pitched11.Alterthebeepyoucansaywhoyouarewhomyouwanttospeaktoandwhatnumberthepersonshouldcallto12youoryoucanleavea13.Sometelephoneansweringmachines14foronly20or30secondsafterthebeepsoyoumustrespondquickly.Somelargebusinessesandgovernmentagenciesareusingtelephoneansweringmachinestoprovideinformationon15aboutwhichtheyreceivealargevolumeof16.Usingthesesystems17youtohaveatouch-tonephoneaphonewithbuttonsratherthanarotarydial.Thevoiceonthemachinewilltellyourtopushacertainbuttononyourtelephoneifyouwantin-formationonTopicAanotherbuttonforTopicBandsoon.Youlisten18youhearthetopicyouwanttolearnaboutandthenyoupushthe19button.Aftermakingyour20youwillheararecordedmessageonthetopic. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Fortunatelytherearestillafewtastythingsforusgourmandstoenjoyinrelativesecurity.Theirnumbershoweveraredepletedalmostdaily.Itseemsbyruthlessproclamationsfromtheever-vigilantFoodandDrugAdministrationanditsalliesourdoctors.Thelatestfelontofaceprosecutionisthesaltoflifesodiumchloride. OstensiblyoveruseofsaltmuseshighbloodpressureandhypertensionthecauseofhalfthedeathsintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Afewyearsagotheanti-saltcampaignersraisedsucharumpusthatsaltwasbannedfrombabyfood.Currentlypressureisbeingappliedtofoodmanufacturerstoobligethemtolabeltheirproductstoshowsodiumcontent.Bemusedoingsowouldcostmercenarymanufacturersmoneytheyarguethattheyhavenoideahowmuchsaltremainsonsuchthingsaspotatochipsandhowmuchstickstothebag.Furthermoresaltisn’ttheonlyharmfulingredientinfood.IfthemanufacturerhastoprovidesodiumcontentwhynotrequirehimtolisteveryingredientandspecifywhicharedetrimentaltoourhealthCigaretteshaveawarningprintedonthem.Shouldn’tthesametypeofwarningappearoncannedfoodsthatarenotoriouslyover-salted Thereareendlessifsandbutsinthecontroversybutthemosttellingoftheseisthequestionableproofofsalt’sdiaboliceffectuponbloodpressure.Truepeoplewhocuttheirsaltintakeloweredtheirbloodpressurebutwhereisthescientificproofthatsomethingotherthansaltdidn’tdothetrickThemostcommonmeansofprovidingdubiousproofthatsaltcauseshypertensionistocomparesocietiesthatuselittlesaltwiththosethatusemountainsofsaltintheirdailydiets.WhichgrouphasthehigherrateofhypertensionWhosebloodpressureislowerWhathappenswhensaltisintroducedintoagroupwheresaltisanoveltyDoesthebloodpressurerisesignificantlyStudiesoftheJapaneseindicatethatastheworld’sgreatestsalterstheysufferthemostfromhypertension.Ontheotherhandthesimplesalt-freecuisineofseveraltribesintheSolomonIslandshaskeptoldertribesmenandwomenfromdevelopinghypertensionandhighbloodpressureailmentstraditionallykillingtheirpeersinAmerica.NoaccountistakenoftheeffectsofinflationrecessionpollutioncrimeandsundryotherillstowhichAmericansunlikepeopleonprimitiveislandsareexposed. TosaltornottosaltThatisthequestion.Nowthatthequestionhasarisenitmustnotbetreatedwithlevitybutratherwithsearchingscientificinvestigationsothatthoseofuswhoarepreoccupiedwithbothsavoryfoodandlongevitymaydecidewhichofthetwoisworthitssalt. WhatdoesthewordfelonSentence4Paragraph1probablymean
ArecessionmarkedtheearlyyearsofReagan’spresidencybutconditionsstartedtoimprovein1983andtheUnitedStatesenteredoneofthelongestperiodsofsustainedeconomicgrowthsinceWorldWarⅡ.Howeveranalarmingpercentageofthisgrowthwasbasedondeficitspending.In1988formervicepresidentGeorgeBushbecamePresident.HecontinuedmanyofReagan’spolicies.Bush’seffortstogaincontroloverthefederalbudgetdeficithoweverwereproblematic.The1990sbroughtanewpresidentBillClintonacautiousmoderateDemocratwhoseliberalinitiativescreatedamythfortheAmericaneconomy. 41__________.StillalthoughClintonreducedthesizeofthefederalworkforcethegovernmentcontinuedtoplayacrucialroleinthenation’seconomy.MastofthemajorinnovationsoftheNewDealandagoodmanyoftheGreatSocietyremainedinplace.AndtheFederalReservesystemcontinuedtoregulatetheoverallpaceofeconomicactivitywithawatchfuleyeforanysignsofrenewedinflation. 42__________.Technologicaldevelopmentsbroughtawiderangeofsophisticatednewelectronicproducts.Innovationsintelecommunicationsandcomputernetworkingspawnedavastcomputerhardwareandsoftwareindustryandrevolutionizedthewaymanyindustriesoperate. 43__________.NolongerareAmericansafraidthattheJapanesewilloverwhelmthemwithsuperiortechnologyorthattheywillsaddletheirchildrenwithgovernmentdebt. America’slaborforcechangedmarkedlyduringthe1990s.Continuingalongtermtrendthenumberoffarmersdeclined.Asmallportionofworkershadjobsinindustrywhileamuchgreatershareworkedintheservicesectorinjobsrangingfromstoreclerkstofinancialplanners.IfsteelandshoeswerenolongerAmericanmanufacturingmainstayscomputersandthesoftwarethatmakethemrunwere. 44__________.EconomistssurprisedatthecombinationofrapidgrowthandcontinuedlowinflationdebatedwhethertheUnitedStateshada"neweconomy"capableofsustainingafastergrowthratethanseemedpossiblebasedontheexperiencesoftheprevious40years. 45__________.Asiawhichhadgrownespeciallyrapidlyduringthe1980sjoinedEuropeasamajorsupplieroffinishedgoodsandamarketforAmericanexports.Sophisticatedworldwidetelecommunicationssystemslinkedtheworld’sfinancialmarketsinawayunimaginableevenafewyearsearlier. A.Theeconomymeanwhileturnedinanincreasinglyhealthyperformanceasthe1990sprogressed.WiththefalloftheSovietUnionandEasternEuropeancommunisminthelate1980stradeopportunitiesexpandedgreatly. B.StillAmericansendedthe1990switharestoredsenseofconfidence.Bytheendof1999theeconomyhadgrowncontinuouslysinceMarch1991thelongestpeacetimeeconomicexpansioninhistory. C.Clintonsoundedsomeofthesamethemesashispredecessors.AfterunsuccessfullyurgingCongresstoenactanambitiousproposaltoexpandhealth-insurancecoverageClintondeclaredthattheeraof"biggovernment"wasoverinAmerica.HepushedtostrengthenmarketforcesinsomesectorsworkingwithCongresstoopenlocaltelephoneservicetocompetition.HealsojoinedRepublicanstoreducewelfarebenefits. D.FinallytheAmericaneconomywasmorecloselyintertwinedwiththeglobaleconomythaniteverhadbeen.Clintonlikehispredecessorshadcontinuedtopushforeliminationoftradebarriers.ANorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementNAFTA.hadfurtherincreasedeconomictiesbetweentheUnitedStatesanditslargesttradingpartnersCanadaandMexico. E.WhilemanyAmericansremainedconvincedthatglobaleconomicintegrationbenefitedallnationsthegrowinginterdependencecreatedsomedislocationsaswell.Workersinhigh-technologyindustriesatwhichtheUnitedStatesexcelledfaredratherwellbutcompetitionfrommanyforeigncountriesthatgenerallyhadlowerlaborcoststendedtodampenwagesintraditionalmanufacturingindustries. F.TheexpansionthatbeganinMarch1991hasraisedrealgrossdomesticproductbymorethanathirdminted100000morepeopleearningamilliondollarsayear.Afterpeakingat$290000millionin1992thefederalbudgetdeficitsteadilyshrankaseconomicgrowthincreasedtaxrevenues.In1998thegovernmentposteditsfirstsurplusin30yearsalthoughahugedebtmainlyintheformofpromisedfutureSocialSecuritypaymentstothebabyboomersremained. G.BestofallthehealthyeconomyhastransformedthepsycheofmillionsofAmericans.Thepervasivegloomatthebeginningofthe1990sisgone. 41
ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s20stateshadestablishedasylums.Butduringthelate1800sandearly1900sinthefaceofeconomicdepressionlegislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionallypatientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipatedandsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichthefightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten. TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarⅡ.Atthattimenewtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesconsidereduntreatablepenicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressionsandasuccessionofbooksmotionpicturesandnewspaperscalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgrammeisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswerestoreincominguntiltheearly1960s.AtthattimetheCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisonswhichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacksandtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheinstitutionsthatwereworsethanthehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwhoencouragedbylegalsupportwerequicktodemandtheirfights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsanebycontrastwerepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered"crazy"andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedoseofmajortranquillizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewereafterallpeoplewhounlikecriminalshaddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutionsaninjusticewhichonceexposedwashoundtoshockthepublicandparticularlythejudicialconscience. Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffectsbutthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourtsoitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalheathcareandassuranceofpatientfightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttaskadministratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected. Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
ArecessionmarkedtheearlyyearsofReagan’spresidencybutconditionsstartedtoimprovein1983andtheUnitedStatesenteredoneofthelongestperiodsofsustainedeconomicgrowthsinceWorldWarⅡ.Howeveranalarmingpercentageofthisgrowthwasbasedondeficitspending.In1988formervicepresidentGeorgeBushbecamePresident.HecontinuedmanyofReagan’spolicies.Bush’seffortstogaincontroloverthefederalbudgetdeficithoweverwereproblematic.The1990sbroughtanewpresidentBillClintonacautiousmoderateDemocratwhoseliberalinitiativescreatedamythfortheAmericaneconomy. 41__________.StillalthoughClintonreducedthesizeofthefederalworkforcethegovernmentcontinuedtoplayacrucialroleinthenation’seconomy.MastofthemajorinnovationsoftheNewDealandagoodmanyoftheGreatSocietyremainedinplace.AndtheFederalReservesystemcontinuedtoregulatetheoverallpaceofeconomicactivitywithawatchfuleyeforanysignsofrenewedinflation. 42__________.Technologicaldevelopmentsbroughtawiderangeofsophisticatednewelectronicproducts.Innovationsintelecommunicationsandcomputernetworkingspawnedavastcomputerhardwareandsoftwareindustryandrevolutionizedthewaymanyindustriesoperate. 43__________.NolongerareAmericansafraidthattheJapanesewilloverwhelmthemwithsuperiortechnologyorthattheywillsaddletheirchildrenwithgovernmentdebt. America’slaborforcechangedmarkedlyduringthe1990s.Continuingalongtermtrendthenumberoffarmersdeclined.Asmallportionofworkershadjobsinindustrywhileamuchgreatershareworkedintheservicesectorinjobsrangingfromstoreclerkstofinancialplanners.IfsteelandshoeswerenolongerAmericanmanufacturingmainstayscomputersandthesoftwarethatmakethemrunwere. 44__________.EconomistssurprisedatthecombinationofrapidgrowthandcontinuedlowinflationdebatedwhethertheUnitedStateshada"neweconomy"capableofsustainingafastergrowthratethanseemedpossiblebasedontheexperiencesoftheprevious40years. 45__________.Asiawhichhadgrownespeciallyrapidlyduringthe1980sjoinedEuropeasamajorsupplieroffinishedgoodsandamarketforAmericanexports.Sophisticatedworldwidetelecommunicationssystemslinkedtheworld’sfinancialmarketsinawayunimaginableevenafewyearsearlier. A.Theeconomymeanwhileturnedinanincreasinglyhealthyperformanceasthe1990sprogressed.WiththefalloftheSovietUnionandEasternEuropeancommunisminthelate1980stradeopportunitiesexpandedgreatly. B.StillAmericansendedthe1990switharestoredsenseofconfidence.Bytheendof1999theeconomyhadgrowncontinuouslysinceMarch1991thelongestpeacetimeeconomicexpansioninhistory. C.Clintonsoundedsomeofthesamethemesashispredecessors.AfterunsuccessfullyurgingCongresstoenactanambitiousproposaltoexpandhealth-insurancecoverageClintondeclaredthattheeraof"biggovernment"wasoverinAmerica.HepushedtostrengthenmarketforcesinsomesectorsworkingwithCongresstoopenlocaltelephoneservicetocompetition.HealsojoinedRepublicanstoreducewelfarebenefits. D.FinallytheAmericaneconomywasmorecloselyintertwinedwiththeglobaleconomythaniteverhadbeen.Clintonlikehispredecessorshadcontinuedtopushforeliminationoftradebarriers.ANorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementNAFTA.hadfurtherincreasedeconomictiesbetweentheUnitedStatesanditslargesttradingpartnersCanadaandMexico. E.WhilemanyAmericansremainedconvincedthatglobaleconomicintegrationbenefitedallnationsthegrowinginterdependencecreatedsomedislocationsaswell.Workersinhigh-technologyindustriesatwhichtheUnitedStatesexcelledfaredratherwellbutcompetitionfrommanyforeigncountriesthatgenerallyhadlowerlaborcoststendedtodampenwagesintraditionalmanufacturingindustries. F.TheexpansionthatbeganinMarch1991hasraisedrealgrossdomesticproductbymorethanathirdminted100000morepeopleearningamilliondollarsayear.Afterpeakingat$290000millionin1992thefederalbudgetdeficitsteadilyshrankaseconomicgrowthincreasedtaxrevenues.In1998thegovernmentposteditsfirstsurplusin30yearsalthoughahugedebtmainlyintheformofpromisedfutureSocialSecuritypaymentstothebabyboomersremained. G.BestofallthehealthyeconomyhastransformedthepsycheofmillionsofAmericans.Thepervasivegloomatthebeginningofthe1990sisgone. 45
Thinkingaboutnuclearterrorism.Therealisticthreatssettleintotwobroadcategories.46ThelesslikelybutfarmoreruinousisanactualnuclearexplosionagreatholeblownintheheartofNewYorkorWashingtonfollowedbyatoxicfogofradiation.Thiscouldbeproducedbyablack-marketnuclearwarheadprocuredfromanexistingarsenal军工厂whichmightbeinRussiaPakistanorothercountriesorareas.Ortheexplosivecouldbeahomemadedevicelowerinyieldthanafactorynuke核武器butstillcreatinggreatsuffering. 47Thesecondcategoryisaradiologicalattackcontaminatingapublicplacewithradioactivematerialbypackingitwithconventionalexplosivesina"dirtybomb"bydispersingitintotheairorwaterorbydestroyinganuclearfacility.Bycomparisonwiththetaskofcreatingnuclearfissionsomeoftheseschemeswouldbealmostchildishlysimplealthoughtheconsequenceswouldbelesshorrifying. Nothingisreallynewabouttheseperils.ThemeanstoinflictnuclearharmonAmericahavebeenavailabletorascalsforalongtime.Seriousstudiesofthethreatofnuclearterrordatedbacktothe1970’s.48AmericanprogramstokeepRussiannuclearingredientsfromfallingintomurderoushandswerehatchedsoonaftertheSovietUniondisintegratedadecadeago.WhenterroristsgetaroundtotryingtheirfirstnuclearassaultasyoucanbesuretheywilltherewillbeplentyofpeopleentitledtosayItoldyouso. 49AllSept.11didwastoturnatheoreticalpossibilityintoafeltdangerAllitdidwastosupplyacredibleeastofcharacterswhohateussomuchthattheywouldthrilltotheprospectofactuallydoingit-andmostimportantinrethinkingtheprobabilitieswouldbehappytodieintheeffort.Allitdidwastogiveournightmareslegs. Andofthemanynightmaresanimatedbytheattacksthisistheonewithprideofplaceinourexperienceandliterature—andweknowfromhisownlipsinOsamabinLaden’s奥萨马·本·拉登aspirations.InFebruaryTomRidgetheBushadministration’shomelandsecuritychiefvisitedTheTimesforaconversationandattheendsomeoneaskedgivenallthethingshehadtoworryabout--hijackedairlinersanthrax炭疽热inthemailsmallpoxgermsincrop-dusters--whatdidheworryaboutmostHecuppedhishandsprayerfullyandpressedhisfingertipstohislips."Nuclear"hesaidsimply. Myassignmentherewastostareatthatfearandtheinventoryofthepossibilities.HowafraidshouldwebeandwhatofexactlyI’lltellyouattheoutsetthiswasnotoneofthoseexercisesinwhichweighingthefearsandassigningthemprobabilitieslaidthemtorest.I’mnotevacuatingManhattanbutneitheramIsleepingquiteassoundly.50AsIwaswritingthisoneSaturdayinAprilthefloorbegantorumbleandmydesklampshookprecariously不稳定的充满危险的.AlthoughIgrewupontheSanAndreasFaultthefactthatNewYorkwasexperiencinganearthquakewasonlymysecondthought. Thesecondcategoryisaradiologicalattackcontaminatingapublicplacewithradioactivematerialbypackingitwithconventionalexplosivesinadirtybombbydispersingitintotheairorwaterorbydestroyinganuclearfacility.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1.Inanidealworldthenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit1Applicantswhoseparentsarealumsgetspecialtreatmentas2athletesandrichkids.Underrepresentedminoritiesarealsogiven3Thirtyyearsofaffirmativeactionhavechangedthecharacterof4whiteuniversities;nowabout13percentofallundergraduatesareblackorLatino.5arecentstudybytheCenturyFoundationfoundthatatthenation’s146most6schools74percentofstudentscamefromuppermiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhileonlyabout5percentcamefromfamilieswithanannualincomeof7$35000orless.Manyschoolssaydiversity—racialeconomicandgeographic—is8tomaintainingintellectually9campuses.ButRichardKahlenbergoftheCenturyFoundationsaysthateventhoughcolleges10theywantpoorkids"theydon’ttryveryhardtofindthem11ruralstudentsmanycollegesdon’ttryatall."Unfortunatelywegowherewecan12asizablenumberofpotentialapplicants"saysTulaneadmissionschiefRichardWhitesidewho13aggressively—andinperson—frommetropolitanareas.Kidsinruralareasgetaglossy14inthemail.Evenwhenpoorruralstudentshavethe15fortopcollegestheirhighschoolsoftendon’tknowhowtogetthemthere.Admissionsofficers16guidancecounselorstodirectthemtopromisingprospects.In17highschoolsguidancecounselorsoftenhavepersonal18withbothkidsandadmissionsofficers.Inruralareasateacheracounseloror19analumnus"canhelpputaruralstudentonourradarscreen"saysWesleyanadmissionsdeanNancyMeislahn.Butpoorruralschoolsrarelyhavecollege20withthoseconnections;withoutthemadmission"canbeacrapshoot"saysCarnegieMellon’sSteidel. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
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