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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
亲爱的先生 我在今天的西安晚报上看到贵公司招聘电气技术员的广告有兴趣申请到贵公司工作 如蒙惠寄更为详细资料告之空缺职务贵公司拟付薪水及录用条件我将不胜感激可否请同时惠告贵公司对资历的要求 期盼回复 此致 敬礼 西安高等专科学校电气工程系210053 李明 2000年7月19日 2000/7/19 Dearsirs Isaw_____________intoday’sXi’anEveningand________________withyou. Iwouldbegratefulif____________ofthejobsavailabletheratesofCouldyoualsoletmeknow_____________. _____________ Yoursfaithfully LiMing
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Text4InapplyingtheOptimumCurrencyAreaOCAframeworktheconsensusthatEastAsiapresentsasgoodacandidateformonetaryintegrationasEuropeisgenerallyarrivedat.HoweveritcanbeobservedthatOCAframeworkhadonlyaninsignificantparttoplayinthedecisiontopasstheEuropeMonetaryUnionEMUittendstobeovershadowedbypoliticalsentiments.ThusthecentralquestiononthepossibilityofanAsianMonetaryUnionliesnotinitssatisfactionoftheOCAcriteriabutwhetherthepoliticalresolvetoachievesuchaunionisexistent.UnfortunatelyitappearsthatthepoliticalclimateofEastAsiaisnotfavorabletowardssuchaunionatpresentandisunlikelytoundergomuchpositivealterationinthenearfuture.ThusthemanifestationofanAsianMonetaryUnionisunlikelyintheforeseeablefutureasthepoliticalresolvetobringthisaboutisevidentlylacking.HowevertodismissoutrightthepossibilityofcreationofanEastAsianmonetaryunionwouldbepresumptuous.EventhoughthepoliticalclimateinEastAsiadoesnotappeartobereadyforsuchanundertakingasyetitcannotbedeniedthatintegrativeandcooperativeinitiativeshaveindeedmademuchpositiveprogress.Althoughthestateofpan-AsianinstitutionsisnowherecomparablewithneededtoengineertheEMUhoweverEastAsiaistakingdefinitestepstowardsregionalcooperation.Thusitwouldbehastytosimplywriteofftheprospectsofsuchaunion.TheroadtoEastAsiamaybelongandfraughtwithobstaclesbutitisnotimpossible.Onlywithvisionaryleadershipwhichlooksbeyondregionalpoliticalsensitivitiesandrivalriestorecognizetheeconomicimperativeandpromiseofsuchamonetaryunioncanithavehopesofmaterialization.EastAsianleadersunwillingtoundertakemonetaryunificationduetofearsofthelossofpoliticalsovereigntywhichitwouldentailshouldbemorefarsightedandrecognizethatinthepresentagesovereigntyisnolongerabsoluteasglobalizationacceleratesandincreasinglyblursthelinesofnationalboundaries.Sovereigntyisnotcompletelylostasnationswillstillbeabletoinfluencedecision-makingthroughtheunionbutasonevoiceamongstallothermembers.FurthermoremisgivingsabouttheprospectsofAsianmonetaryunificationbasedonthegroundsthatEastAsiannationsareatverydifferentstagesofeconomicdevelopmentwithdiversestructureofeconomyshouldlooktowardsthemonetaryunionbetweenSingaporeandBruneiwhichhasendureddespiteitsmembers’vastdissimilarity.ThuscurrenteconomicdisparitiesshouldnotproveinsurmountabletoanEastAsianmonetaryunionprovidedregulatoryandfiscalreformscriticaltosoundandsustainableeconomicgrowtharedevelopedalongsidemonetaryunification.IntheprevioussectionaproposalwhichsuggestsgradualstepstowardsAsianmonetaryunificationismappedoutbyfirstachievingsmallermonetaryunionsinsteadofanAsian-widemonetaryunion.InthiswaythevasteconomicdisparityacrossAsiaisbreachedgraduallyasopposedtotacklingitinitsentiretywiththeultimateaimofanEastAsianwidemonetaryunion. Thetextismainlyabout
Text3ItisbecauseofhisplaysthatShakespeareisnowconsideredthegreatestEnglishwriterinhistory.TheerainwhichhelivedElizabethanEnglandwasatimeinwhichbroadinterestsandcreativitycouldflourish.Elizabeththequeenwasbelovedbyhersubjectsandprovedtobeapowerfulandableruler.UnderthereignofElizabethEnglandchangedfromanislandkingdomtoanexpandingempire.Englandgrewrichthroughtrade.Sixteenth-centuryEnglishmentraveledtotheNewWorldandtoAfrica.Musicdancepoetrypaintingandarchitectureflourished;buttheartforminwhichElizabethanEnglanddistinguishedtherestofEuropewasthetheater.ThetheaterwhichhadpracticallydisappearedfromEuropewasatthistimereceivedasapartofthechurchservice.Laternolongerasapartoftheservicethe"mysteryplays"respondedtopopulartastebyaddingmoreandmorecomicelements.InEnglandtheyweresponsoredbyvarioustradeguildsandpresentedonstagewagonsthatwentfromplacetoplace.Whenthemysteryplaysbegantolosetheirappealtheywerereplacedby"morality"playswhichalwaystaughtamoral.InRenaissanceEnglandwriterswereparticularlyinterestedinclassicaltextssuchasLatinandGreekplays.SchoolsanduniversitiesbegantoproducecomediesandtragediesbyPlatusTerenceandSeneca.Shakespearewaswellacquaintedwithclassicalhumanitiesandclassicaltragediesandcomediesoftenservedasmodelsinhisowndrama.ARenaissancemanShakespeare’sinterestwentbeyondbooklearningtopracticalknowledgeofmilitarystrategyseafaringbusinessaffairsandthenewgeographicaldiscoveriesallevidentinhisplays.Companiesofstrollingplayswhichhadspecializedinmoralityplaysrespondedtothechangebystagingnewplays.ProfessionalactorswhohadbeenviewedbyEnglishsocietyaslittlebetterthanvagrantsorcriminalsgraduallycameundertheprotectionofthenobility.Licensedtheatercompanieswereformed;Shakespearebelongedtooneofthosewhereinadditiontohiswritingheacquiredawideexperienceinactingandtheatermanagement.Thetheatergrewinpopularityandpublictheaterswerebuiltnotinsidethecitylimitsbutjustoutsidealongwithotherplacesofentertainment.TheatersinElizabethanEnglandwerepatronizedbyallsocialclasses.TheGlobeTheaterbuiltin1599wheremanyofShakespeare’splayswereperformedhadaplatformstagejuttingoutintoacentralcourtyard.Theaudiencestayaroundthreesidesofthisplatformthelower-classwhoeachpaidapennyinthepitandthewealthierspectatorsinthegalleriesabove.Theorchestrawasonstageasmusicwasusuallyasignificantpartoftheproduction.Indeedthecostumesscenerysingingplayinganddancingaswellasactingwasessentialtothetotalshow.Therewasnolightinghoweverplayswereperformedintheafternoon.Shakespeareknewhisaudience:histheaterisaddressednotjusttotheeducatedbuttoallclassesofsociety. Accordingtothetextthetheater
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Text4InapplyingtheOptimumCurrencyAreaOCAframeworktheconsensusthatEastAsiapresentsasgoodacandidateformonetaryintegrationasEuropeisgenerallyarrivedat.HoweveritcanbeobservedthatOCAframeworkhadonlyaninsignificantparttoplayinthedecisiontopasstheEuropeMonetaryUnionEMUittendstobeovershadowedbypoliticalsentiments.ThusthecentralquestiononthepossibilityofanAsianMonetaryUnionliesnotinitssatisfactionoftheOCAcriteriabutwhetherthepoliticalresolvetoachievesuchaunionisexistent.UnfortunatelyitappearsthatthepoliticalclimateofEastAsiaisnotfavorabletowardssuchaunionatpresentandisunlikelytoundergomuchpositivealterationinthenearfuture.ThusthemanifestationofanAsianMonetaryUnionisunlikelyintheforeseeablefutureasthepoliticalresolvetobringthisaboutisevidentlylacking.HowevertodismissoutrightthepossibilityofcreationofanEastAsianmonetaryunionwouldbepresumptuous.EventhoughthepoliticalclimateinEastAsiadoesnotappeartobereadyforsuchanundertakingasyetitcannotbedeniedthatintegrativeandcooperativeinitiativeshaveindeedmademuchpositiveprogress.Althoughthestateofpan-AsianinstitutionsisnowherecomparablewithneededtoengineertheEMUhoweverEastAsiaistakingdefinitestepstowardsregionalcooperation.Thusitwouldbehastytosimplywriteofftheprospectsofsuchaunion.TheroadtoEastAsiamaybelongandfraughtwithobstaclesbutitisnotimpossible.Onlywithvisionaryleadershipwhichlooksbeyondregionalpoliticalsensitivitiesandrivalriestorecognizetheeconomicimperativeandpromiseofsuchamonetaryunioncanithavehopesofmaterialization.EastAsianleadersunwillingtoundertakemonetaryunificationduetofearsofthelossofpoliticalsovereigntywhichitwouldentailshouldbemorefarsightedandrecognizethatinthepresentagesovereigntyisnolongerabsoluteasglobalizationacceleratesandincreasinglyblursthelinesofnationalboundaries.Sovereigntyisnotcompletelylostasnationswillstillbeabletoinfluencedecision-makingthroughtheunionbutasonevoiceamongstallothermembers.FurthermoremisgivingsabouttheprospectsofAsianmonetaryunificationbasedonthegroundsthatEastAsiannationsareatverydifferentstagesofeconomicdevelopmentwithdiversestructureofeconomyshouldlooktowardsthemonetaryunionbetweenSingaporeandBruneiwhichhasendureddespiteitsmembers’vastdissimilarity.ThuscurrenteconomicdisparitiesshouldnotproveinsurmountabletoanEastAsianmonetaryunionprovidedregulatoryandfiscalreformscriticaltosoundandsustainableeconomicgrowtharedevelopedalongsidemonetaryunification.IntheprevioussectionaproposalwhichsuggestsgradualstepstowardsAsianmonetaryunificationismappedoutbyfirstachievingsmallermonetaryunionsinsteadofanAsian-widemonetaryunion.InthiswaythevasteconomicdisparityacrossAsiaisbreachedgraduallyasopposedtotacklingitinitsentiretywiththeultimateaimofanEastAsianwidemonetaryunion. Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Text2OncefreeofEtruscandominationtheRomansdevelopedaRepublicanformofgovernmentwhichlasteduntilthefirstcenturyBCandprovidedimportantcontinuityforRomaninstitutions.Themotto"S.P.Q.R."--SenatusPopulusgueRomanus"TheRomanSenateandPeople"reflectedthephilosophyoftheearlyRomanpoliticalandsocialorderandremainedthewatchwordofRomansocietyuntilImperialtimes.Itmeantthatsovereigntyrestedinthepeoplethemselvesandnotinanyparticulargovernmentalform.YetinmanywaystheRomanRepublicfunctionedasademocracy.Decisionsaffectingsocietyweremadeataseriesofassemblieswhichallcitizensattendedtoexpresstheirwill.TheSenateontheotherhandconductedthebusinessofgovernmentincludingthepassageoflegislationandthesupervisionofelectedmagistrates.OverthecenturiesthegreatestissuesaffectingRomansocietywereplayedoutasdramascreatedbytensionsbetweenpeopleandSenate.TheSenateitselfwasanhereditaryinstitutioncomprisinganassemblyofheads-patres-ofoldpatricianfamiliesandlaterwealthymembersofthecitizenry-plebs.Thethreehundredmembersthereforerepresentedoldandnewmoneypowerandsocialinterest.Itwasaself-renewingoligarchy.Thetwomostimportantofficerswhoruledthestateweretheconsulselectedbytherepresentativeassembliesforone-yeartermsattheendofwhichtheybecamemembersoftheSenate.InRometherichruledviatheSenate.Thegeneralcitizenrywerelittlemorethanpeasants.BythethirdcenturyBCthedivisionbetweenaristocratandpeasanthadwidenedappreciably-theformergrowinginrichesandthelattersinkingfurtherandfurtherintopoverty.Yettheconstitutionalframe-workoftheRepublicheldthesmallRomansocialordertogetherwardingoffrevolutionpermittingchangeandprovidingthebodypoliticwithreasonablywell-trainedleaderswhoknewhowaboveallelsetokeeptheRepublicfunctioningandalive.ItwasinfacttheinternalstabilityoftheRepublicwhichmadeexpansionpossiblebringingaboutthenextphaseofRomanhistory.Romanexpansionwasbasedonmilitaryconquest.VerylittlecommerceandindustryexistedinRomeunlikeAthensandthequalityoflifeinRomecametodependdirectlyuponthewealthofconqueredregionsbroughtbacktoRomeasspoilsofmilitaryvictory.BythemiddleofthesecondcenturyBCRomehadconqueredCarthageinNorthAfricaandCorinthinAsiaMinorandhadthusassumedapositionofpoliticaldominanceintheHellenisticworld.TheinternationalizationofcultureevidentinHellenictimesincreasedfurtherundertheRomans.LaterRomewouldextenditscontrolthroughoutEuropeandeventuallytotheBritishIsles. WhichofthefollowingholdthemostimportantpositionintheSenate
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrancewaningprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotrytopreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddleclassesbehindbarriersofetiquette.InaprosperouscommunityontheotherhandpolitesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyrichandinEnglandtherehasneverbeenanyshortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthemthemannersappropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements=basicmoralduties;practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency;andartificialoptionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentstosaywomenontheirbeautyorsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationforweakandrespectforage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresenceofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzaniatheyoungmenbowastheypassthehutsoftheelders.InEnglanduntilaboutacenturyagoyoungchildrendidnotsitintheirparents’presencewithoutaskingpermission.Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesofsociallifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesofotherfunctionssothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinventionoftheforketiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptascleanaspossiblebeforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuseetiquettesuggestedthatafterspittingapersonshouldrubthespitinconspicuouslyunderfoot.Extremelyrefinedbehaviorhowevercultivatedasanartofgraciouslivinghasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealthandleisurewhichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.AfterthefallofRomethefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivateliftinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewastwelfth-centuryProvenceinFrance.Provencehadbecomewealthy.Theloadshadreturnedtotheircastlesfromthecrusadesandtheretheidealsofchivalrygrewupwhichemphasizedthevirtueandgentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknightshouldprofessapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehisvaliantdeedsthoughhewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswastheintroductionoftheconceptofromanticlovewhichwastoinfluenceliteratureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesoninadebasedforminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday. Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Text3ItisbecauseofhisplaysthatShakespeareisnowconsideredthegreatestEnglishwriterinhistory.TheerainwhichhelivedElizabethanEnglandwasatimeinwhichbroadinterestsandcreativitycouldflourish.Elizabeththequeenwasbelovedbyhersubjectsandprovedtobeapowerfulandableruler.UnderthereignofElizabethEnglandchangedfromanislandkingdomtoanexpandingempire.Englandgrewrichthroughtrade.Sixteenth-centuryEnglishmentraveledtotheNewWorldandtoAfrica.Musicdancepoetrypaintingandarchitectureflourished;buttheartforminwhichElizabethanEnglanddistinguishedtherestofEuropewasthetheater.ThetheaterwhichhadpracticallydisappearedfromEuropewasatthistimereceivedasapartofthechurchservice.Laternolongerasapartoftheservicethe"mysteryplays"respondedtopopulartastebyaddingmoreandmorecomicelements.InEnglandtheyweresponsoredbyvarioustradeguildsandpresentedonstagewagonsthatwentfromplacetoplace.Whenthemysteryplaysbegantolosetheirappealtheywerereplacedby"morality"playswhichalwaystaughtamoral.InRenaissanceEnglandwriterswereparticularlyinterestedinclassicaltextssuchasLatinandGreekplays.SchoolsanduniversitiesbegantoproducecomediesandtragediesbyPlatusTerenceandSeneca.Shakespearewaswellacquaintedwithclassicalhumanitiesandclassicaltragediesandcomediesoftenservedasmodelsinhisowndrama.ARenaissancemanShakespeare’sinterestwentbeyondbooklearningtopracticalknowledgeofmilitarystrategyseafaringbusinessaffairsandthenewgeographicaldiscoveriesallevidentinhisplays.Companiesofstrollingplayswhichhadspecializedinmoralityplaysrespondedtothechangebystagingnewplays.ProfessionalactorswhohadbeenviewedbyEnglishsocietyaslittlebetterthanvagrantsorcriminalsgraduallycameundertheprotectionofthenobility.Licensedtheatercompanieswereformed;Shakespearebelongedtooneofthosewhereinadditiontohiswritingheacquiredawideexperienceinactingandtheatermanagement.Thetheatergrewinpopularityandpublictheaterswerebuiltnotinsidethecitylimitsbutjustoutsidealongwithotherplacesofentertainment.TheatersinElizabethanEnglandwerepatronizedbyallsocialclasses.TheGlobeTheaterbuiltin1599wheremanyofShakespeare’splayswereperformedhadaplatformstagejuttingoutintoacentralcourtyard.Theaudiencestayaroundthreesidesofthisplatformthelower-classwhoeachpaidapennyinthepitandthewealthierspectatorsinthegalleriesabove.Theorchestrawasonstageasmusicwasusuallyasignificantpartoftheproduction.Indeedthecostumesscenerysingingplayinganddancingaswellasactingwasessentialtothetotalshow.Therewasnolightinghoweverplayswereperformedintheafternoon.Shakespeareknewhisaudience:histheaterisaddressednotjusttotheeducatedbuttoallclassesofsociety. Theunderlinedwordpatronizedinthelastparagraphmeans
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrancewaningprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotrytopreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddleclassesbehindbarriersofetiquette.InaprosperouscommunityontheotherhandpolitesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyrichandinEnglandtherehasneverbeenanyshortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthemthemannersappropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements=basicmoralduties;practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency;andartificialoptionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentstosaywomenontheirbeautyorsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationforweakandrespectforage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresenceofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzaniatheyoungmenbowastheypassthehutsoftheelders.InEnglanduntilaboutacenturyagoyoungchildrendidnotsitintheirparents’presencewithoutaskingpermission.Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesofsociallifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesofotherfunctionssothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinventionoftheforketiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptascleanaspossiblebeforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuseetiquettesuggestedthatafterspittingapersonshouldrubthespitinconspicuouslyunderfoot.Extremelyrefinedbehaviorhowevercultivatedasanartofgraciouslivinghasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealthandleisurewhichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.AfterthefallofRomethefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivateliftinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewastwelfth-centuryProvenceinFrance.Provencehadbecomewealthy.Theloadshadreturnedtotheircastlesfromthecrusadesandtheretheidealsofchivalrygrewupwhichemphasizedthevirtueandgentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknightshouldprofessapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehisvaliantdeedsthoughhewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswastheintroductionoftheconceptofromanticlovewhichwastoinfluenceliteratureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesoninadebasedforminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday. Thecustomofyoungmenbowingtoshowrespectwhenpassingthedwellingsoftheirelderswascitedasacharacteristicof
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsPsychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldageoneoftheseistoogreatanabsorptioninthepast.46Oneshouldnotliveinmemoriesinregretsforthegoodolddaysorinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyareandone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgottenanditisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeoffindingstrengthinitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlivesandifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoungyouarelikelytobecomeaburdentothemunlesstheyareunusuallyinsensible.47Idon’tmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthembutone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeandifpossiblephilanthropicbutnottooemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselvesbuthumanbeingsowingtothelengthofinfancyfindthislesseasy.48Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsleading.tosuitableactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitfulandthatthewisdomboreofexperiencecanbeusedwithoutbecomingaburden.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakesbothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyouandbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.49Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsyoumayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren.Inthatcaseyoumustrealizethatwhileyoucanstillhelptheminmaterialwaysasbymakingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpersyoumustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany.Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisjustificationforthisfeeling.50Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodothefearofdeathissome-whatignoble. Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsyoumayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren
Text2OncefreeofEtruscandominationtheRomansdevelopedaRepublicanformofgovernmentwhichlasteduntilthefirstcenturyBCandprovidedimportantcontinuityforRomaninstitutions.Themotto"S.P.Q.R."--SenatusPopulusgueRomanus"TheRomanSenateandPeople"reflectedthephilosophyoftheearlyRomanpoliticalandsocialorderandremainedthewatchwordofRomansocietyuntilImperialtimes.Itmeantthatsovereigntyrestedinthepeoplethemselvesandnotinanyparticulargovernmentalform.YetinmanywaystheRomanRepublicfunctionedasademocracy.Decisionsaffectingsocietyweremadeataseriesofassemblieswhichallcitizensattendedtoexpresstheirwill.TheSenateontheotherhandconductedthebusinessofgovernmentincludingthepassageoflegislationandthesupervisionofelectedmagistrates.OverthecenturiesthegreatestissuesaffectingRomansocietywereplayedoutasdramascreatedbytensionsbetweenpeopleandSenate.TheSenateitselfwasanhereditaryinstitutioncomprisinganassemblyofheads-patres-ofoldpatricianfamiliesandlaterwealthymembersofthecitizenry-plebs.Thethreehundredmembersthereforerepresentedoldandnewmoneypowerandsocialinterest.Itwasaself-renewingoligarchy.Thetwomostimportantofficerswhoruledthestateweretheconsulselectedbytherepresentativeassembliesforone-yeartermsattheendofwhichtheybecamemembersoftheSenate.InRometherichruledviatheSenate.Thegeneralcitizenrywerelittlemorethanpeasants.BythethirdcenturyBCthedivisionbetweenaristocratandpeasanthadwidenedappreciably-theformergrowinginrichesandthelattersinkingfurtherandfurtherintopoverty.Yettheconstitutionalframe-workoftheRepublicheldthesmallRomansocialordertogetherwardingoffrevolutionpermittingchangeandprovidingthebodypoliticwithreasonablywell-trainedleaderswhoknewhowaboveallelsetokeeptheRepublicfunctioningandalive.ItwasinfacttheinternalstabilityoftheRepublicwhichmadeexpansionpossiblebringingaboutthenextphaseofRomanhistory.Romanexpansionwasbasedonmilitaryconquest.VerylittlecommerceandindustryexistedinRomeunlikeAthensandthequalityoflifeinRomecametodependdirectlyuponthewealthofconqueredregionsbroughtbacktoRomeasspoilsofmilitaryvictory.BythemiddleofthesecondcenturyBCRomehadconqueredCarthageinNorthAfricaandCorinthinAsiaMinorandhadthusassumedapositionofpoliticaldominanceintheHellenisticworld.TheinternationalizationofcultureevidentinHellenictimesincreasedfurtherundertheRomans.LaterRomewouldextenditscontrolthroughoutEuropeandeventuallytotheBritishIsles. InthelastparagraphRomanexpansionwasdescribedvividlywhatisthebaseoftheexpasion
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Text2OncefreeofEtruscandominationtheRomansdevelopedaRepublicanformofgovernmentwhichlasteduntilthefirstcenturyBCandprovidedimportantcontinuityforRomaninstitutions.Themotto"S.P.Q.R."--SenatusPopulusgueRomanus"TheRomanSenateandPeople"reflectedthephilosophyoftheearlyRomanpoliticalandsocialorderandremainedthewatchwordofRomansocietyuntilImperialtimes.Itmeantthatsovereigntyrestedinthepeoplethemselvesandnotinanyparticulargovernmentalform.YetinmanywaystheRomanRepublicfunctionedasademocracy.Decisionsaffectingsocietyweremadeataseriesofassemblieswhichallcitizensattendedtoexpresstheirwill.TheSenateontheotherhandconductedthebusinessofgovernmentincludingthepassageoflegislationandthesupervisionofelectedmagistrates.OverthecenturiesthegreatestissuesaffectingRomansocietywereplayedoutasdramascreatedbytensionsbetweenpeopleandSenate.TheSenateitselfwasanhereditaryinstitutioncomprisinganassemblyofheads-patres-ofoldpatricianfamiliesandlaterwealthymembersofthecitizenry-plebs.Thethreehundredmembersthereforerepresentedoldandnewmoneypowerandsocialinterest.Itwasaself-renewingoligarchy.Thetwomostimportantofficerswhoruledthestateweretheconsulselectedbytherepresentativeassembliesforone-yeartermsattheendofwhichtheybecamemembersoftheSenate.InRometherichruledviatheSenate.Thegeneralcitizenrywerelittlemorethanpeasants.BythethirdcenturyBCthedivisionbetweenaristocratandpeasanthadwidenedappreciably-theformergrowinginrichesandthelattersinkingfurtherandfurtherintopoverty.Yettheconstitutionalframe-workoftheRepublicheldthesmallRomansocialordertogetherwardingoffrevolutionpermittingchangeandprovidingthebodypoliticwithreasonablywell-trainedleaderswhoknewhowaboveallelsetokeeptheRepublicfunctioningandalive.ItwasinfacttheinternalstabilityoftheRepublicwhichmadeexpansionpossiblebringingaboutthenextphaseofRomanhistory.Romanexpansionwasbasedonmilitaryconquest.VerylittlecommerceandindustryexistedinRomeunlikeAthensandthequalityoflifeinRomecametodependdirectlyuponthewealthofconqueredregionsbroughtbacktoRomeasspoilsofmilitaryvictory.BythemiddleofthesecondcenturyBCRomehadconqueredCarthageinNorthAfricaandCorinthinAsiaMinorandhadthusassumedapositionofpoliticaldominanceintheHellenisticworld.TheinternationalizationofcultureevidentinHellenictimesincreasedfurtherundertheRomans.LaterRomewouldextenditscontrolthroughoutEuropeandeventuallytotheBritishIsles. WhatkindofsocialformimmediatelyfollowedtheRomanRepublicAge
Text4InapplyingtheOptimumCurrencyAreaOCAframeworktheconsensusthatEastAsiapresentsasgoodacandidateformonetaryintegrationasEuropeisgenerallyarrivedat.HoweveritcanbeobservedthatOCAframeworkhadonlyaninsignificantparttoplayinthedecisiontopasstheEuropeMonetaryUnionEMUittendstobeovershadowedbypoliticalsentiments.ThusthecentralquestiononthepossibilityofanAsianMonetaryUnionliesnotinitssatisfactionoftheOCAcriteriabutwhetherthepoliticalresolvetoachievesuchaunionisexistent.UnfortunatelyitappearsthatthepoliticalclimateofEastAsiaisnotfavorabletowardssuchaunionatpresentandisunlikelytoundergomuchpositivealterationinthenearfuture.ThusthemanifestationofanAsianMonetaryUnionisunlikelyintheforeseeablefutureasthepoliticalresolvetobringthisaboutisevidentlylacking.HowevertodismissoutrightthepossibilityofcreationofanEastAsianmonetaryunionwouldbepresumptuous.EventhoughthepoliticalclimateinEastAsiadoesnotappeartobereadyforsuchanundertakingasyetitcannotbedeniedthatintegrativeandcooperativeinitiativeshaveindeedmademuchpositiveprogress.Althoughthestateofpan-AsianinstitutionsisnowherecomparablewithneededtoengineertheEMUhoweverEastAsiaistakingdefinitestepstowardsregionalcooperation.Thusitwouldbehastytosimplywriteofftheprospectsofsuchaunion.TheroadtoEastAsiamaybelongandfraughtwithobstaclesbutitisnotimpossible.Onlywithvisionaryleadershipwhichlooksbeyondregionalpoliticalsensitivitiesandrivalriestorecognizetheeconomicimperativeandpromiseofsuchamonetaryunioncanithavehopesofmaterialization.EastAsianleadersunwillingtoundertakemonetaryunificationduetofearsofthelossofpoliticalsovereigntywhichitwouldentailshouldbemorefarsightedandrecognizethatinthepresentagesovereigntyisnolongerabsoluteasglobalizationacceleratesandincreasinglyblursthelinesofnationalboundaries.Sovereigntyisnotcompletelylostasnationswillstillbeabletoinfluencedecision-makingthroughtheunionbutasonevoiceamongstallothermembers.FurthermoremisgivingsabouttheprospectsofAsianmonetaryunificationbasedonthegroundsthatEastAsiannationsareatverydifferentstagesofeconomicdevelopmentwithdiversestructureofeconomyshouldlooktowardsthemonetaryunionbetweenSingaporeandBruneiwhichhasendureddespiteitsmembers’vastdissimilarity.ThuscurrenteconomicdisparitiesshouldnotproveinsurmountabletoanEastAsianmonetaryunionprovidedregulatoryandfiscalreformscriticaltosoundandsustainableeconomicgrowtharedevelopedalongsidemonetaryunification.IntheprevioussectionaproposalwhichsuggestsgradualstepstowardsAsianmonetaryunificationismappedoutbyfirstachievingsmallermonetaryunionsinsteadofanAsian-widemonetaryunion.InthiswaythevasteconomicdisparityacrossAsiaisbreachedgraduallyasopposedtotacklingitinitsentiretywiththeultimateaimofanEastAsianwidemonetaryunion. WhatisthedominatingobstacleintheprocessofEAMU
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