首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
蔡元培从“养成共和国民健全之人格”的观点出发，提出“五育”并举的教育思想。他认为，世界观教育实现的最有效的方式是通过
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选题》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
提出五育并举教育主张的近代中国教育家是蔡元培
蔡元培提出五育并举的教育方针五育指的就是教育教育教育教育和教育
蔡元培任教育总长后提出了五育并举是
军国民教育
实利教育
公民道德教育
世界观教育和美感教育
论述蔡元培五育并举的教育方针的主要内容及基本精神
简述蔡元培的五育并举思想
提出来以美育代zōng jiāo 的著名观点
王国维
徐光鸿
鲁迅
蔡元培
在蔡元培五育并举的教育方针中______是教育的最高境界
美感教育
世界观教育
公民道德教育
军国民教育
蔡元培军国民教育指的是对国民的
近代中国教育的变革是中国近代化历程的重要组成部分阅读以下材料材料一变法之本在育人才人才之兴在开学校—
20.在下面一段文字横线处补写恰当的语句使整段文字语意完整连贯内容贴切逻辑严密每处不超过15个字6分
蔡元培提出了军国民教育实利主义教育世界观教育和美育或美感教育五育并举的教育方针
蔡元培所提出的五育并举措施中体现体育思想的是
军国民教育
实利主义教育
公民道德教育
美感教育
蔡元培主张五育并举这五育是和
简述蔡元培五育并举的教育方针的内容
1919年10月全国教育会联合会通过了养成健全人格发展共和精神的国民教育宗旨
第五次
第四次
第三次
第二次
提出五育并举教育主张的近代中国教育家是
蔡元培
梁启超
陶行知
康有为
蔡元培对于教育方针之意见为养成提出了军国民教育实利主义教育公民道德教育世界观教育和美育五育并举的教育
请述评蔡元培完全人格的教育思想
蔡元培公民道德教育即德育是五育的中坚即自由平等
教育养成人格之事业也为所说
孔子
蔡元培
叶圣陶
陶行知
热门试题
更多
火的发现和使用对人类生存和发展的重大意义
IsitpossiblethattheideaswehavetodayaboutownershipandpropertyrightshavebeensouniversalinthehumanmindthatitistrulyasiftheyhadsprungfromthemindofGodBynomeans.Theideaofowningandpropertyemergedinthemistsofunrecordedhistory.TheancientJewsforonehadaverydifferentoutlookonpropertyandownershipviewingitassomethingmuchmoretemporaryandtentativethanwedo. TheideaswehaveinAmericaabouttheprivateownershipofproductivepropertyasanaturalanduniversalrightofmankindperhapsofdivineoriginarebynomeansuniversalandmustbeviewedasaninventionofmanratherthanadecreeorderofGod.Ofcoursewearecompletelytrainedtoaccepttheideaofownershipoftheearthanditsproductsrawandtransformed.Itseemsnotatallstrange;infactitisquitedifficulttoimagineasocietywithoutsucharrangements.Ifsomeonesomeindividualdidn’’townthatplotoflandthathousethatfactorythatmachinethattowerofwheathowwouldwefunctionWhatwouldtherulesbeWhomwouldwebuyfromandhowwouldwesell Itisimportanttoacknowledgeasignificantdifferencebetweenachievingownershipsimplybytakingorclaimingpropertyandowningwhatwetendtocallthefruitoflabor.IfIaloneortogetherwithmyfamilyworkonthelandandraisecropsorifImakesomethingusefuloutofnaturalmaterialitseemsreasonableandfairtoclaimthatthecropsortheobjectsbelongtomeormyfamilyaremypropertyatleastinthesensethatIhavefirstclaimonthem.Hardlyanyonewoulddisputethat.Infactsomeoftheearlyradicalworkingmen’’smovementsmadeanownershipclaimonthoseverygrounds.AsindustrialorganizationbecamemorecomplexhoweversuchissuesbecamevastlymoreintricateItmustbeclearthatinmodernsocietythesocialheritageofknowledgeandtechnologyandthesocialorganizationofmanufactureandexchangeaccountforfarmoreoftheproductivityofindustryandthevalueofwhatisproducedthancanbeaccountedforbythelaborofanynumberofindividuals.HardlyanypersoncannowpointandsayThat--thatrightthere--isthefruitofmylabor.Wecansayasasocietyasanation--asaworldreally--thatwhatisproducedisthefruitofourlabortheproductofthewholesocietyasacollectivity. Wehavetorecognizethattherightofprivateindividualownershipofpropertyisman-madeandconstantlydependentontheextenttowhichthosewithoutpropertybelievethattheownercanmakehisclaimstick. Welearnbyinferencethatprivatepropertymay
Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points3
TheSupremeCourt’’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering. Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicidetheCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleofdoubleeffectacenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects―agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen―ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect. Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyiiipatients’’paineventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient. NancyDublerdirectorofMontefioreMedicalCentercontendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswhountilnowhaveveryverystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath. GeorgeAnnaschairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversitymaintainsthataslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurposethedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.It’’slikesurgeryhesays.Wedon’’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’’tintendtokilltheirpatientsalthoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’’reaphysicianyoucanriskyourpatients’’suicideaslongasyoudon’’tintendtheirsuicide. Onanotherlevelmanyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying. JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicidetheNationalAcademyofScienceNASreleasedatwo-volumereportApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseofineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdyingasthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare. TheprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospicestotestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapiestodevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcareandtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife. Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysufferingtotheextentthatitconstitutessystematicpatientabuse.Hesaysmedicallicensingboardsmustmakeitclear..thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension. Fromthefirstthreeparagraphswelearnthat
InspiteofrisingconcernintheNortheastandCanadaAdministrationspokesmenhaverepeatedlyinsistedthatnothingcouldreallybedoneaboutacidrainandtheindustry-producedsulfuremissionsuntilallthescientificfactswerein.Suddenlylastweekhoweverfactscamerainingdownineffectmakingfurtherscientificdebateonwhatmainlycausestheproblemallbutirrelevant. WhatbroughtaboutthedownpourwasastudycommissionedbyPresidentialScienceAdviser.Thespokesmenplainlycalledforremedialactionevenifsometechnicalquestionsaboutacidrainwerestillunanswered.Ifwetaketheconservativepointofviewthatwemustwaituntilthescientificknowledgeisdefinitivesaidthespokesmantheaccumulateddepositionanddamagedenvironmentmayreachthepointof’’irreversibility’’. Whenitrainsitpours.NextcameastudyfromtheNationalResearchCouncil.Itsdefinitiveconclusion:reducingemissionsofsulfurdioxidefromcoal-burningpowerplantsandfactoriessuchastheseintheMidwestwouldinfactsignificantlyreducetheacidityinrainsnowandotherprecipitation降水thatiswidelybelievedtobeworseningthelifefromfresh-waterlakesandforestsintheNortheastandCanada.Thespokesmandidnotrecommendanyspecificaction. ApairofremedialmeasuresarealreadytakenbeforeCongress.ASenatecommitteerecentlyapprovedabillthatwouldrequirereductionoverthenextdecadeofsulfur-dioxideemissionsby10milliontonsintheStatesborderingontheeastoftheMississippi.AtoughermeasurewasintroducedintheHouseorderingthe50largestsulfurpollutersintheU.S.tocutemissionssubstantially.ToeasetheEasterncoalminingindustrywhichfearsaswitchtolow-sulfurWesterncoalthebillrequirestheinstallationofexpensivescrubbersdevicesforremovingsulfurfromthesmokeratherthananorderthatforbidshigh-sulfurfuel.StillthelegislationisbeingvigorouslyopposedbythecoalindustryandutilitiesespeciallyintheMid-westwhereheavyindustriesarebattlingtosurvive.InasurveyalsoreleasedlastweektheEdisonElectricInstituteanindustrygroupgravelypredictedthatelectricityratescouldriseasmuchas50%iftheemission-controllegislationpassed. GovernmentstudiesdisputethesefiguresbutCongresshasbeensuspendedonacid-rainmeasures.Nowasaresultoftheacademystudysupportersofthebillsaremoreoptimistic.Neverthelessamajorpoliticalbattleisshapingup. Theworddownpourinthesecondparagraphmostlikelyrefersto
Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe.Suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety’’spresentstageorfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversifiedandthefuturetoouncertaintomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.AconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepastasHomer’’sepics史诗informedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreekandbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties. Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistoryalanguagealltheirownacommonreligioncommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrantscomingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Latelyithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissistic自我陶醉的personalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericansandthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-beingbecauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.InhisstudyofnarcissismChristopherLaschsaysthatmodernmantorturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlifetofindsomethingtolivefor.Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose. Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefsasarefoundintotalitarian极权主义的societiesourcultureisoneofgreatindividualdifferencesatleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunityevenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversityitneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Henceifwearetohaveconsensusitmustbebasedonamyth―avision―aboutacommonexperienceaconquestthatmadeusAmericansasthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolationguiltanxietyandpurposelessness―inshorttheycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues. TheauthorconcludesthatonlysharedmythscanhelpAmericans
腊玛古猿的最早发现者是
自然崇拜
Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points1
Directions:ForsomereasonyoufailedtoansweryourfriendDavid’sletterintime.Writealetterwithnolessthan100wordstoexplainthereasons.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.46SpeakingofthelovingwarmthoftheextendedfamilythepopularimageisofgrannybytheTVbabyplayinginthecribandtherestcheerfullyinteractingbetweenthetwogenerationalpoles.Traditionandeducationareeffortlesslypassedoninaclearlymarkedcomfortzone.Perfectforsecuritynottomentionfreebabysitting.Butwait.Studythemother’sface:exhaustedtenseunhappy.Sheisthepivotuponwhomthiscozyworldturns.47Sheisthe"supercarer"whospoonfeedsbabyandgrannybothmakessuretheyareentertainedandoutofdangerlooksaftertherestofthehouseholdandchancesareholdsdownapayingjob.Stuckbetweendemandingorweakgrandparentsandalwaysdemandingandvulnerablelittleonesthiswomanisnotsomuchsandwichedascrushedbetweengenerations.Itisnotsurprisingthenthatareportlastweekclaimedthat65percentofsupercarersweredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.Ihadatasteoftheirexistencewhenatthebeginningoftheyearmy73-year-oldfathercametostay.48Hewassoillthathecouldn’twalkorevenrolloverinhisbedandwasasadhelplesspresenceasinneedofmyattentionasmykids.Shemeanwhiledidn’tenjoysharingherspaceandmytimewithsomeonewhocomplainedloudlyaboutthenoiseshemade.Runningbetweenthemconsciousthatallthis"caring"wastakingitstollIrememberthinkingthiswashellasmanypeople80percentofthemwomendailylivedit.IfyouarewellofflikeCherieBoothsaythefactthatyouareasupercarerBoothaQCwiththreechildrenintheirteensandtwentiesalsolooksafterhermotherandheryoungsonLeopresentsachallengebutisatleastachievable.Whatoftheothersthoughtheoneswhoearn￡8anhourcleaningsomeoneelse’shomeorsweepingahospitalward7Theyfindnolet-upathomebutcrampedlivingspaceinvadedbycryingbabiesandcoughingoldfolk.49Forthembeingasupercarermeansbeingasuperloserwithfarlessofwhateveryoneconsidersimportant:moneyprivacyqualitytimeforyourpartnerandchildren.Demographictrendsmeanthatmoreofusaredestinedtobesupercarers;therearenowabout2.5millionandthisisexpectedtoriseto3.9millionby2020That’salobbywithconsiderablebargainingpotential...Sofarsupercarershavenotflexedtheirmuscles.50Thegovernmentwouldbewisetoofferthemtaxbreakstheallowanceavailabletothoseassistingthedisabledandflexibleworkschedules.Otherwisesupercarerswillrebel.Oncetheydecidethattheveryoldastheveryyoungarenottheirresponsibilitywhowillthentakeuptheburden Sheisthesupercarerwhospoonfeedsbabyandgrannybothmakessuretheyareentertainedandoutofdangerlooksaftertherestofthehouseholdandchancesareholdsdownapayingjob.
弓箭的发明是哪一个时代的主要标志
原上猿埃及古猿森林古猿
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Policy-makersandthemediaparticularlyintheUnitedStatesfrequentlyassertthatclimatescienceishighlyuncertain.Somehaveusedthisasanargumentagainstadoptingstrongmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.ForexamplewhilediscussingamajorU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportontherisksofclimatechangethen-EPAadministratorChristineWhitmanargued"Asthereportwentthroughreviewtherewaslessconsensusonthescienceandconclusionsonclimatechange".Somecorporationswhoserevenuesmightheadverselyaffectedbycontrolsoncarbondioxideemissionshavealsoallegedmajoruncertaintiesinthescience.41.__________________.ThescientificconsensusisclearlyexpressedinthereportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.Createdin1988bytheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgrammeIPCC’spurposeistoevaluatethestateofclimatescienceasabasisforinformedpolicyactionprimarilyonthebasisofpeer-reviewedandpublishedscientificliterature.InitsmostrecentassessmentIPCCstatesunequivocallythattheconsensusofscientificopinionisthatEarth’sclimateisbeingaffectedbyhumanactivities:"Humanactivities...aremodifyingtheconcentrationofatmosphericconstituents...thatabsorborscatterradiantenergy....Mostoftheobservedwarmingoverthelast50yearsislikelytohavebeenduetotheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrations".IPCCisnotaloneinitsconclusions.42.__________________.ForexampletheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportClimateChangeScience:AnAnalysisofSomeKeyQuestionsbegins:"GreenhousegasesareaccumulatinginEarth’satmosphereasaresultofhumanactivitiescausingsurfaceairtemperaturesandsubsurfaceoceantemperaturestorise".ThereportexplicitlyaskswhethertheIPCCassessmentisafairsummaryofprofessionalscientificthinkingandanswersyes.43.__________________.Othersagree.TheAmericanMeteorologicalSocietytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionandtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceAAASallhaveissuedstatementsinrecentyearsconcludingthattheevidenceforhumanmodificationofclimateiscompelling.Thedraftingofsuchreportsandstatementsinvolvesmanyopportunitiesforcommentcriticismandrevisionanditisnotlikelythattheywoulddivergegreatlyfromtheopinionsofthesocieties’members.Neverthelesstheymightdownplaylegitimatedissentingopinions.44.__________________.The928papersweredividedintosixcategories:explicitendorsementoftheconsensuspositionevaluationofimpactsmitigationproposalsmethodspaleoclimateanalysisandrejectionoftheconsensusposition.Ofallthepapers75%fellintothefirstthreecategorieseitherexplicitlyorimplicitlyacceptingtheconsensusview;25%dealtwithmethodsorpaleoclimatetakingnopositiononcurrentanthropogenicclimatechange.Remarkablynoneofthepapersdisagreedwiththeconsensusposition.45.__________________.Thisanalysisshowsthatscientistspublishinginthepeer-reviewedliteratureagreewithIPCCtheNationalAcademyofSciencesandthepublicstatementsoftheirprofessionalsocieties.Politicianseconomistsjournalistsandothersmayhavetheimpressionofconfusiondisagreementordiscordamongclimatescientistsbutthatimpressionisincorrect.[A]Manydetailsaboutclimateinteractionsarenotwellunderstoodandthereareamplegroundsforcontinuedresearchtoprovideabetterbasisforunderstandingclimatedynamics.[B]Suchstatementssuggestthattheremightbesubstantivedisagreementinthescientificcommunityabouttherealityofanthropogenicclimatechange.Thisisnotthecase.[C]InrecentyearsallmajorscientificbodiesintheUnitedStateswhosemembers’expertisebearsdirectlyonthematterhaveissuedsimilarstatements.[D]Admittedlyauthorsevaluatingimpactsdevelopingmethodsorstudyingpaleoclimaticchangemightbelievethatcurrentclimatechangeisnatural.Howevernoneofthesepapersarguedthatpoint.[E]Thathypothesiswastestedbyanalyzing928abstractspublishedinreferentscientificjournalsbetween1993and2003andlistedintheISIdatabasewiththekeywords"climatechange".[F]Ifthehistoryofscienceteachesanythingitishumilityandnoonecanbefaultedforfailingtoactonwhatisnotknown.[G]TheIPCC’sconclusionthatmostoftheobservedwarmingofthelast50yearsislikelytohavebeenduetotheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrationsaccuratelyreflectsthecurrentthinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue. 45
Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points7
Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe.Suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety’’spresentstageorfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversifiedandthefuturetoouncertaintomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.AconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepastasHomer’’sepics史诗informedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreekandbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties. Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistoryalanguagealltheirownacommonreligioncommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrantscomingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Latelyithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissistic自我陶醉的personalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericansandthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-beingbecauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.InhisstudyofnarcissismChristopherLaschsaysthatmodernmantorturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlifetofindsomethingtolivefor.Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose. Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefsasarefoundintotalitarian极权主义的societiesourcultureisoneofgreatindividualdifferencesatleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunityevenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversityitneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Henceifwearetohaveconsensusitmustbebasedonamyth―avision―aboutacommonexperienceaconquestthatmadeusAmericansasthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolationguiltanxietyandpurposelessness―inshorttheycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues. Intheauthor’’sviewthegreatesttroublewiththeU.S.societyliesinthe
InspiteofrisingconcernintheNortheastandCanadaAdministrationspokesmenhaverepeatedlyinsistedthatnothingcouldreallybedoneaboutacidrainandtheindustry-producedsulfuremissionsuntilallthescientificfactswerein.Suddenlylastweekhoweverfactscamerainingdownineffectmakingfurtherscientificdebateonwhatmainlycausestheproblemallbutirrelevant. WhatbroughtaboutthedownpourwasastudycommissionedbyPresidentialScienceAdviser.Thespokesmenplainlycalledforremedialactionevenifsometechnicalquestionsaboutacidrainwerestillunanswered.Ifwetaketheconservativepointofviewthatwemustwaituntilthescientificknowledgeisdefinitivesaidthespokesmantheaccumulateddepositionanddamagedenvironmentmayreachthepointof’’irreversibility’’. Whenitrainsitpours.NextcameastudyfromtheNationalResearchCouncil.Itsdefinitiveconclusion:reducingemissionsofsulfurdioxidefromcoal-burningpowerplantsandfactoriessuchastheseintheMidwestwouldinfactsignificantlyreducetheacidityinrainsnowandotherprecipitation降水thatiswidelybelievedtobeworseningthelifefromfresh-waterlakesandforestsintheNortheastandCanada.Thespokesmandidnotrecommendanyspecificaction. ApairofremedialmeasuresarealreadytakenbeforeCongress.ASenatecommitteerecentlyapprovedabillthatwouldrequirereductionoverthenextdecadeofsulfur-dioxideemissionsby10milliontonsintheStatesborderingontheeastoftheMississippi.AtoughermeasurewasintroducedintheHouseorderingthe50largestsulfurpollutersintheU.S.tocutemissionssubstantially.ToeasetheEasterncoalminingindustrywhichfearsaswitchtolow-sulfurWesterncoalthebillrequirestheinstallationofexpensivescrubbersdevicesforremovingsulfurfromthesmokeratherthananorderthatforbidshigh-sulfurfuel.StillthelegislationisbeingvigorouslyopposedbythecoalindustryandutilitiesespeciallyintheMid-westwhereheavyindustriesarebattlingtosurvive.InasurveyalsoreleasedlastweektheEdisonElectricInstituteanindustrygroupgravelypredictedthatelectricityratescouldriseasmuchas50%iftheemission-controllegislationpassed. GovernmentstudiesdisputethesefiguresbutCongresshasbeensuspendedonacid-rainmeasures.Nowasaresultoftheacademystudysupportersofthebillsaremoreoptimistic.Neverthelessamajorpoliticalbattleisshapingup. Thetwostudiesmentionedinthetextclearlystatedthat
KNM—ER1470号人类头骨
Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1describethepicture 2interpretitsimplicationsinlifeand 3supportyourviewwithexamples. Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.46SpeakingofthelovingwarmthoftheextendedfamilythepopularimageisofgrannybytheTVbabyplayinginthecribandtherestcheerfullyinteractingbetweenthetwogenerationalpoles.Traditionandeducationareeffortlesslypassedoninaclearlymarkedcomfortzone.Perfectforsecuritynottomentionfreebabysitting.Butwait.Studythemother’sface:exhaustedtenseunhappy.Sheisthepivotuponwhomthiscozyworldturns.47Sheisthe"supercarer"whospoonfeedsbabyandgrannybothmakessuretheyareentertainedandoutofdangerlooksaftertherestofthehouseholdandchancesareholdsdownapayingjob.Stuckbetweendemandingorweakgrandparentsandalwaysdemandingandvulnerablelittleonesthiswomanisnotsomuchsandwichedascrushedbetweengenerations.Itisnotsurprisingthenthatareportlastweekclaimedthat65percentofsupercarersweredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.Ihadatasteoftheirexistencewhenatthebeginningoftheyearmy73-year-oldfathercametostay.48Hewassoillthathecouldn’twalkorevenrolloverinhisbedandwasasadhelplesspresenceasinneedofmyattentionasmykids.Shemeanwhiledidn’tenjoysharingherspaceandmytimewithsomeonewhocomplainedloudlyaboutthenoiseshemade.Runningbetweenthemconsciousthatallthis"caring"wastakingitstollIrememberthinkingthiswashellasmanypeople80percentofthemwomendailylivedit.IfyouarewellofflikeCherieBoothsaythefactthatyouareasupercarerBoothaQCwiththreechildrenintheirteensandtwentiesalsolooksafterhermotherandheryoungsonLeopresentsachallengebutisatleastachievable.Whatoftheothersthoughtheoneswhoearn￡8anhourcleaningsomeoneelse’shomeorsweepingahospitalward7Theyfindnolet-upathomebutcrampedlivingspaceinvadedbycryingbabiesandcoughingoldfolk.49Forthembeingasupercarermeansbeingasuperloserwithfarlessofwhateveryoneconsidersimportant:moneyprivacyqualitytimeforyourpartnerandchildren.Demographictrendsmeanthatmoreofusaredestinedtobesupercarers;therearenowabout2.5millionandthisisexpectedtoriseto3.9millionby2020That’salobbywithconsiderablebargainingpotential...Sofarsupercarershavenotflexedtheirmuscles.50Thegovernmentwouldbewisetoofferthemtaxbreakstheallowanceavailabletothoseassistingthedisabledandflexibleworkschedules.Otherwisesupercarerswillrebel.Oncetheydecidethattheveryoldastheveryyoungarenottheirresponsibilitywhowillthentakeuptheburden Forthembeingasupercarermeansbeingasuperloserwithfarlessofwhateveryoneconsidersimportant:moneyprivacyqualitytimeforyourpartnerandchildren.
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist[A]-[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Policy-makersandthemediaparticularlyintheUnitedStatesfrequentlyassertthatclimatescienceishighlyuncertain.Somehaveusedthisasanargumentagainstadoptingstrongmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.ForexamplewhilediscussingamajorU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportontherisksofclimatechangethen-EPAadministratorChristineWhitmanargued"Asthereportwentthroughreviewtherewaslessconsensusonthescienceandconclusionsonclimatechange".Somecorporationswhoserevenuesmightheadverselyaffectedbycontrolsoncarbondioxideemissionshavealsoallegedmajoruncertaintiesinthescience.41.__________________.ThescientificconsensusisclearlyexpressedinthereportsoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeIPCC.Createdin1988bytheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgrammeIPCC’spurposeistoevaluatethestateofclimatescienceasabasisforinformedpolicyactionprimarilyonthebasisofpeer-reviewedandpublishedscientificliterature.InitsmostrecentassessmentIPCCstatesunequivocallythattheconsensusofscientificopinionisthatEarth’sclimateisbeingaffectedbyhumanactivities:"Humanactivities...aremodifyingtheconcentrationofatmosphericconstituents...thatabsorborscatterradiantenergy....Mostoftheobservedwarmingoverthelast50yearsislikelytohavebeenduetotheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrations".IPCCisnotaloneinitsconclusions.42.__________________.ForexampletheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportClimateChangeScience:AnAnalysisofSomeKeyQuestionsbegins:"GreenhousegasesareaccumulatinginEarth’satmosphereasaresultofhumanactivitiescausingsurfaceairtemperaturesandsubsurfaceoceantemperaturestorise".ThereportexplicitlyaskswhethertheIPCCassessmentisafairsummaryofprofessionalscientificthinkingandanswersyes.43.__________________.Othersagree.TheAmericanMeteorologicalSocietytheAmericanGeophysicalUnionandtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceAAASallhaveissuedstatementsinrecentyearsconcludingthattheevidenceforhumanmodificationofclimateiscompelling.Thedraftingofsuchreportsandstatementsinvolvesmanyopportunitiesforcommentcriticismandrevisionanditisnotlikelythattheywoulddivergegreatlyfromtheopinionsofthesocieties’members.Neverthelesstheymightdownplaylegitimatedissentingopinions.44.__________________.The928papersweredividedintosixcategories:explicitendorsementoftheconsensuspositionevaluationofimpactsmitigationproposalsmethodspaleoclimateanalysisandrejectionoftheconsensusposition.Ofallthepapers75%fellintothefirstthreecategorieseitherexplicitlyorimplicitlyacceptingtheconsensusview;25%dealtwithmethodsorpaleoclimatetakingnopositiononcurrentanthropogenicclimatechange.Remarkablynoneofthepapersdisagreedwiththeconsensusposition.45.__________________.Thisanalysisshowsthatscientistspublishinginthepeer-reviewedliteratureagreewithIPCCtheNationalAcademyofSciencesandthepublicstatementsoftheirprofessionalsocieties.Politicianseconomistsjournalistsandothersmayhavetheimpressionofconfusiondisagreementordiscordamongclimatescientistsbutthatimpressionisincorrect.[A]Manydetailsaboutclimateinteractionsarenotwellunderstoodandthereareamplegroundsforcontinuedresearchtoprovideabetterbasisforunderstandingclimatedynamics.[B]Suchstatementssuggestthattheremightbesubstantivedisagreementinthescientificcommunityabouttherealityofanthropogenicclimatechange.Thisisnotthecase.[C]InrecentyearsallmajorscientificbodiesintheUnitedStateswhosemembers’expertisebearsdirectlyonthematterhaveissuedsimilarstatements.[D]Admittedlyauthorsevaluatingimpactsdevelopingmethodsorstudyingpaleoclimaticchangemightbelievethatcurrentclimatechangeisnatural.Howevernoneofthesepapersarguedthatpoint.[E]Thathypothesiswastestedbyanalyzing928abstractspublishedinreferentscientificjournalsbetween1993and2003andlistedintheISIdatabasewiththekeywords"climatechange".[F]Ifthehistoryofscienceteachesanythingitishumilityandnoonecanbefaultedforfailingtoactonwhatisnotknown.[G]TheIPCC’sconclusionthatmostoftheobservedwarmingofthelast50yearsislikelytohavebeenduetotheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrationsaccuratelyreflectsthecurrentthinkingofthescientificcommunityonthisissue. 43
物种起源
直立人化石最早由谁发现
现代人种出现于人类发展过程中的哪一个时期
Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points5
哪一本著作首次提出了人类起源于类人猿的假说
Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe.Suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety’’spresentstageorfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversifiedandthefuturetoouncertaintomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.AconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepastasHomer’’sepics史诗informedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreekandbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties. Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistoryalanguagealltheirownacommonreligioncommonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrantscomingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Latelyithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocialnarcissistic自我陶醉的personalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericansandthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-beingbecauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.InhisstudyofnarcissismChristopherLaschsaysthatmodernmantorturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlifetofindsomethingtolivefor.Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose. Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefsasarefoundintotalitarian极权主义的societiesourcultureisoneofgreatindividualdifferencesatleastinprincipleandintheory.Butthisleadstodisunityevenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversityitneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniformoriginoftheircitizens.Henceifwearetohaveconsensusitmustbebasedonamyth―avision―aboutacommonexperienceaconquestthatmadeusAmericansasthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks.Onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatformthetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolationguiltanxietyandpurposelessness―inshorttheycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues. ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatChristopherLaschismostprobably
Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points9
农业革命的中心以及农业革命的影响
IsitpossiblethattheideaswehavetodayaboutownershipandpropertyrightshavebeensouniversalinthehumanmindthatitistrulyasiftheyhadsprungfromthemindofGodBynomeans.Theideaofowningandpropertyemergedinthemistsofunrecordedhistory.TheancientJewsforonehadaverydifferentoutlookonpropertyandownershipviewingitassomethingmuchmoretemporaryandtentativethanwedo. TheideaswehaveinAmericaabouttheprivateownershipofproductivepropertyasanaturalanduniversalrightofmankindperhapsofdivineoriginarebynomeansuniversalandmustbeviewedasaninventionofmanratherthanadecreeorderofGod.Ofcoursewearecompletelytrainedtoaccepttheideaofownershipoftheearthanditsproductsrawandtransformed.Itseemsnotatallstrange;infactitisquitedifficulttoimagineasocietywithoutsucharrangements.Ifsomeonesomeindividualdidn’’townthatplotoflandthathousethatfactorythatmachinethattowerofwheathowwouldwefunctionWhatwouldtherulesbeWhomwouldwebuyfromandhowwouldwesell Itisimportanttoacknowledgeasignificantdifferencebetweenachievingownershipsimplybytakingorclaimingpropertyandowningwhatwetendtocallthefruitoflabor.IfIaloneortogetherwithmyfamilyworkonthelandandraisecropsorifImakesomethingusefuloutofnaturalmaterialitseemsreasonableandfairtoclaimthatthecropsortheobjectsbelongtomeormyfamilyaremypropertyatleastinthesensethatIhavefirstclaimonthem.Hardlyanyonewoulddisputethat.Infactsomeoftheearlyradicalworkingmen’’smovementsmadeanownershipclaimonthoseverygrounds.AsindustrialorganizationbecamemorecomplexhoweversuchissuesbecamevastlymoreintricateItmustbeclearthatinmodernsocietythesocialheritageofknowledgeandtechnologyandthesocialorganizationofmanufactureandexchangeaccountforfarmoreoftheproductivityofindustryandthevalueofwhatisproducedthancanbeaccountedforbythelaborofanynumberofindividuals.HardlyanypersoncannowpointandsayThat--thatrightthere--isthefruitofmylabor.Wecansayasasocietyasanation--asaworldreally--thatwhatisproducedisthefruitofourlabortheproductofthewholesocietyasacollectivity. Wehavetorecognizethattherightofprivateindividualownershipofpropertyisman-madeandconstantlydependentontheextenttowhichthosewithoutpropertybelievethattheownercanmakehisclaimstick. Theauthordeemsprivateownershiptobe
热门题库
更多
高考生物
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号