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Text 4 Walt Disney could have built his biggest theme park anywhere. He chose Florida. T...
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PassageThree WhenWaltDisneywasdrawingonenight
Walt Disney and His Mickey Mouse
Walt Disney Becoming Famous
One of the Most Famous Film Stars
Walt Disney Drawing Pictures
Thefilmmadeby______WaltDisneyallovertheworlD.
is used to show
is used to showing
used to show
used to be shown
HONGKONGSept.122005-HongKongDisneylandthe11ththeme
OnDecember51901WaltDisneythemanwhoturnedamouseinto
Withoutamantherewouldbenohappiestplaceonearthalsok
Withoutamantherewouldbenohappiestplaceonearthalsok
Thebesttitleofthisstoryis______.
Walt Disney and His Mickey Mouse
Walt Disney Becoming Famous
One of the Most Famous Film Stars
Walt Disney Drawing Pictures
WaltDisneyisfamous________hiscartoons_________thew
as; in
for; of
for; for
for; in
WaltDisneywasfamous_______hiscartoons.
like
as
at
for
WaltDisneywasbornin1901.TheMickeyMousecreated被创作in
Walthadastrongcommercialsenseofwhatwouldappealtoth
短文填词用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空使短文意思完整通顺almostmakebuildingbeco
Thegreatestcartoon-makerincinemahistorywasWaltDisn
WaltDisneywasbornonDecember51901.Disneybecameoneo
WaltDisneyisfamousasacartoonm.
WaltDisneybecameveryrichand成功的.
WaltDisneycreatedmanyfamouscartooncharacters.改为被动
WaltDisneywasfamoushiscartoons．
for
to
at
MickeyMouseisoneofWaltDisney'scartoon.
Thesoundfromthewastebasketwasmadeby______.
some mice
the waste paper
the basket
Walt Disney
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Text2 Whethertoteachyoungchildrena secondlanguageisdisputedamongteachersresearchersandpushyparents.On theonehandacquiringanewtongueissaidtobefareasierwhenyoung.Onthe otherteacherscomplainthatchildrenwhoseparentsspeakalanguageathome thatisdifferentfromtheoneusedintheclassroomsometimesstruggleintheir lessonsandareslowertoreachlinguisticmilestones.Woulda15-month-old childtheywondernotbebetteroffgoingtomusicclassesA studyjustpublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesmay helpresolvethisquestionbygettingtothepointofwhatisgoingonina bilingualchild’sbrainhowasecondlanguageaffectsthewayhethinksand thusinwhatcircumstancesbeingbilingualmaybehelpful.AgnesKovacsand JacquesMehlerattheInternationalSchoolforAdvancedStudiesinTriestesay thatsomeaspectsofthecognitivedevelopmentofinfantsraisedinabilingual householdmustbeundergoingaccelerationinordertomanagewhichofthetwo languagestheyaredealingwith.Theaspectofcognitionin questionispartofwhatistermedthebrain’sexecutivefunction.Thisallows peopletoorganiseplanprioritiseactivityshifttheirattentionfromone thingtoanotherandsuppresshabitualresponses.Bilingualismiscommonin TriestewhichthoughItalianisalmostsurroundedbySlovenia.SoDr.Kovacs andDr.Mehlerlookedat40preverbalseven-month-oldshalfraisedin monolingualandhalfinbilingualhouseholdsandcomparedtheirperformancesin ataskthatneedscontrolofexecutivefunction.Firstthe babiesweretrainedtoexpecttheappearanceofapuppetonascreenafterthey hadheardasetofmeaninglesswordsinventedbytheresearchers.Thenthe wordsandthelocationofthepuppetwerechanged.Whenthiswasdonethe babieswhospeakonlyonelanguagehaddifficultyovercomingtheirlearnt responseevenwhentheresearchersgavethemfurthercluesthataswitchhad takenplace.Thebilingualbabieshoweverfounditfareasiertoswitchtheir attention—counteractingthepreviouslylearntbutnolongeruseful response.Monitoringlanguagesand.keepingthemseparateis partofthebrain’sexecutivefunctionsothesefindingssuggestthateven beforeachildcanspeakabilingualenvironmentmayspeedupthatfunction’s development.Beforerushingyouroffspringintobilingualkindergartensthough thereareafewcautions.Foronethingtheseextraordinarycognitivebenefits havebeendemonstratedsofaronlyincribbilinguals—thoselivingin householdswheretwolanguagesarespokenroutinely.Theresearchersspeculate thatitmightbethefactofhavingtolearntwolanguagesinthesamesetting thatrequiresgreateruseofexecutivefunction.Sowhetherthosebenefitsapply tochildrenwholearnonelanguageathomeandoneatschoolremains unclear.Accordingtotheauthorrushingyoungchildrenintobilingualkindergartens
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage
Text3 Icameacrossanoldcountryguidethe otherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthe countryanditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwere availableonone’sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside. NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethatthe onlyvillagetradesmenstillflourishingwereeithersellingfrozenfoodtothe inhabitantsorsellingantiquestovisitors.Neverthelessthiswouldreallybe afalseimpression.Admittedlytherehasbeenacontractionofvillagecommerce butitsvigorisstillremarkable.Ourlocalgrocer’sshopfor exampleisactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsin thenearesttown.Womensensiblyprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnews whiledoingtheirshoppinginsteadofqueueingupanonymouslyatasupermarket. Andtheproprietorknowswellthatpersonalservicehasasubstantialcash value.Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingof bicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheese toanold-agepensionerwhosentherorderbywordofmouthwithafriendwho happenedtobepassing.Themoreaffluentcustomerstelephonetheirshopping listsandthegoodsareontheirdoorstepswithinanhour.Theyhaveonlyto hintatafancyforsomecommodityoutsidetheusualstockandthegrocera red-facedfigureinstantlyobtainsitforthem.Thevillage gainsfromthissortofenterpriseofcourse.ButIalsofinditsatisfactory becauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodest individualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothe bigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce.Mostofthevillage shopkeepersIknowatanyratearedecidedlyindividualistintheirways.For exampieourshoemakerisaformidablefigure:athick-setirritablemanwhom childrentreatwithmarkedrespectknowingthatanill-judgedwordcanprovoke anangryeruptionatanytime.Hestareswithcontemptatthepairsofcheap mass-producedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothisheseemstobe sayingthatheacraftsmanshouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrash Butweallknowhewillinfactdoexcellentworkuponthem.Andhemakes beautifulshoesforthosewhocanaffordsuch luxury.Theauthorcitedtheexampleoftheshoemakertoshowthat
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
TheSanAndreasfaultis______.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
Text2 Whethertoteachyoungchildrena secondlanguageisdisputedamongteachersresearchersandpushyparents.On theonehandacquiringanewtongueissaidtobefareasierwhenyoung.Onthe otherteacherscomplainthatchildrenwhoseparentsspeakalanguageathome thatisdifferentfromtheoneusedintheclassroomsometimesstruggleintheir lessonsandareslowertoreachlinguisticmilestones.Woulda15-month-old childtheywondernotbebetteroffgoingtomusicclassesA studyjustpublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesmay helpresolvethisquestionbygettingtothepointofwhatisgoingonina bilingualchild’sbrainhowasecondlanguageaffectsthewayhethinksand thusinwhatcircumstancesbeingbilingualmaybehelpful.AgnesKovacsand JacquesMehlerattheInternationalSchoolforAdvancedStudiesinTriestesay thatsomeaspectsofthecognitivedevelopmentofinfantsraisedinabilingual householdmustbeundergoingaccelerationinordertomanagewhichofthetwo languagestheyaredealingwith.Theaspectofcognitionin questionispartofwhatistermedthebrain’sexecutivefunction.Thisallows peopletoorganiseplanprioritiseactivityshifttheirattentionfromone thingtoanotherandsuppresshabitualresponses.Bilingualismiscommonin TriestewhichthoughItalianisalmostsurroundedbySlovenia.SoDr.Kovacs andDr.Mehlerlookedat40preverbalseven-month-oldshalfraisedin monolingualandhalfinbilingualhouseholdsandcomparedtheirperformancesin ataskthatneedscontrolofexecutivefunction.Firstthe babiesweretrainedtoexpecttheappearanceofapuppetonascreenafterthey hadheardasetofmeaninglesswordsinventedbytheresearchers.Thenthe wordsandthelocationofthepuppetwerechanged.Whenthiswasdonethe babieswhospeakonlyonelanguagehaddifficultyovercomingtheirlearnt responseevenwhentheresearchersgavethemfurthercluesthataswitchhad takenplace.Thebilingualbabieshoweverfounditfareasiertoswitchtheir attention—counteractingthepreviouslylearntbutnolongeruseful response.Monitoringlanguagesand.keepingthemseparateis partofthebrain’sexecutivefunctionsothesefindingssuggestthateven beforeachildcanspeakabilingualenvironmentmayspeedupthatfunction’s development.Beforerushingyouroffspringintobilingualkindergartensthough thereareafewcautions.Foronethingtheseextraordinarycognitivebenefits havebeendemonstratedsofaronlyincribbilinguals—thoselivingin householdswheretwolanguagesarespokenroutinely.Theresearchersspeculate thatitmightbethefactofhavingtolearntwolanguagesinthesamesetting thatrequiresgreateruseofexecutivefunction.Sowhetherthosebenefitsapply tochildrenwholearnonelanguageathomeandoneatschoolremains unclear.Howdoesasecondlanguageaffectthewayayoungchildbehavesaccordingtothenewstudy
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
Whichofthefollowingmakesthedemonstrationmostpersuasive
Text4 Thefirsttechnologicalrevolutionin modernbiologystartedwhenJamesWatsonandFrancisCrickdescribedthe structureofDNAhalfacenturyago.Thatestablishedthefieldsofmolecular andcellbiologythebasisofthebiotechnologyindustry.Thesequencingofthe humangenomenearlyadecadeagosetoffasecondrevolutionwhichhasstarted toilluminatetheoriginsofdiseases.Nowtheindustryis convincedthatathirdrevolutionisunderway:theconvergenceofbiologyand engineering.ArecentreportfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysays thatphysicalscienceshavealreadybeentransformedbytheiradoptionof informationtechnologyadvancedmaterialsimagingnanotechnolugyand sophisticatedmodellingandsimulation.PhillipSharpaNobelprize-winnerat thatuniversitybelievesthatthosetoolsareabouttobebroughttobearon biologytoo.Butthechancesarethatthiswilltaketimeand turnouttobemoreofareformationthanarevolution.Theconventional health-caresystemsoftherichworldmayresistnewtechnologiesevenaspoor countriesleapfrogahead.Thereisalreadyabacklashagainstgenomicswhich hasbeenoversoldtoconsumersasadeterministicscience.Andgivensoaring health-carecostsinsurersandhealthsystemsmaynotwanttoadoptnew technologiesunlessinventorscanshowconclusivelythattheywillproduce betteroutcomesandoffervalueformoney.Iftheseobstacles canbeovercomethenthebiggestwinnerwillbethepatient.Inthepast medicinehastakenapaternalisticstancewiththeall-knowingphysician dispensingwisdomfromonhighbutthatisbecomingincreasinglyuntenable. Digitisationpromisestoconnectdoctorsnotonlytoeverythingtheyneedto knowabouttheirpatientsbutalsotootherdoctorswhohavetreatedsimilar disorders.Thatessentialreformwillenablemanyotherbigtechnological changestobeintroduced.Justasimportantitcanmakethat informationavailabletothepatientstooempoweringthemtoplayabiggerpart inmanagingtheirownhealthaffairs.Thisiscontroversialandwithgood reason.Manydoctorsandsomepatientsreckontheylacktheknowledgetomake informeddecisions.Butpatientsactuallyknowagreatdealaboutmanydiseases especiallychroniconeslikediabetesandheartproblemswithwhichtheyoften liveformanyyears.Thebestwaytodealwiththoseisforindividualstotake moreresponsibilityfortheirownhealthandpreventproblemsbeforethey requirecostlyhospitalvisits.Thatmeansputtingelectronichealthrecords directlyintopatients’hands.Whichofthefollowingmightbetrueaboutmodernbiologyaccordingtothefirstparagraph
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
Text2 Whethertoteachyoungchildrena secondlanguageisdisputedamongteachersresearchersandpushyparents.On theonehandacquiringanewtongueissaidtobefareasierwhenyoung.Onthe otherteacherscomplainthatchildrenwhoseparentsspeakalanguageathome thatisdifferentfromtheoneusedintheclassroomsometimesstruggleintheir lessonsandareslowertoreachlinguisticmilestones.Woulda15-month-old childtheywondernotbebetteroffgoingtomusicclassesA studyjustpublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesmay helpresolvethisquestionbygettingtothepointofwhatisgoingonina bilingualchild’sbrainhowasecondlanguageaffectsthewayhethinksand thusinwhatcircumstancesbeingbilingualmaybehelpful.AgnesKovacsand JacquesMehlerattheInternationalSchoolforAdvancedStudiesinTriestesay thatsomeaspectsofthecognitivedevelopmentofinfantsraisedinabilingual householdmustbeundergoingaccelerationinordertomanagewhichofthetwo languagestheyaredealingwith.Theaspectofcognitionin questionispartofwhatistermedthebrain’sexecutivefunction.Thisallows peopletoorganiseplanprioritiseactivityshifttheirattentionfromone thingtoanotherandsuppresshabitualresponses.Bilingualismiscommonin TriestewhichthoughItalianisalmostsurroundedbySlovenia.SoDr.Kovacs andDr.Mehlerlookedat40preverbalseven-month-oldshalfraisedin monolingualandhalfinbilingualhouseholdsandcomparedtheirperformancesin ataskthatneedscontrolofexecutivefunction.Firstthe babiesweretrainedtoexpecttheappearanceofapuppetonascreenafterthey hadheardasetofmeaninglesswordsinventedbytheresearchers.Thenthe wordsandthelocationofthepuppetwerechanged.Whenthiswasdonethe babieswhospeakonlyonelanguagehaddifficultyovercomingtheirlearnt responseevenwhentheresearchersgavethemfurthercluesthataswitchhad takenplace.Thebilingualbabieshoweverfounditfareasiertoswitchtheir attention—counteractingthepreviouslylearntbutnolongeruseful response.Monitoringlanguagesand.keepingthemseparateis partofthebrain’sexecutivefunctionsothesefindingssuggestthateven beforeachildcanspeakabilingualenvironmentmayspeedupthatfunction’s development.Beforerushingyouroffspringintobilingualkindergartensthough thereareafewcautions.Foronethingtheseextraordinarycognitivebenefits havebeendemonstratedsofaronlyincribbilinguals—thoselivingin householdswheretwolanguagesarespokenroutinely.Theresearchersspeculate thatitmightbethefactofhavingtolearntwolanguagesinthesamesetting thatrequiresgreateruseofexecutivefunction.Sowhetherthosebenefitsapply tochildrenwholearnonelanguageathomeandoneatschoolremains unclear.Whoareprobablypushingyoungchildrentostudyanewlanguage
Earthquakebeltsare______.
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
Text3 Icameacrossanoldcountryguidethe otherday.Itlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthe countryanditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwere availableonone’sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside. NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEnglandmightconcludethatthe onlyvillagetradesmenstillflourishingwereeithersellingfrozenfoodtothe inhabitantsorsellingantiquestovisitors.Neverthelessthiswouldreallybe afalseimpression.Admittedlytherehasbeenacontractionofvillagecommerce butitsvigorisstillremarkable.Ourlocalgrocer’sshopfor exampleisactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsin thenearesttown.Womensensiblyprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnews whiledoingtheirshoppinginsteadofqueueingupanonymouslyatasupermarket. Andtheproprietorknowswellthatpersonalservicehasasubstantialcash value.Hispricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown buthewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingof bicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheese toanold-agepensionerwhosentherorderbywordofmouthwithafriendwho happenedtobepassing.Themoreaffluentcustomerstelephonetheirshopping listsandthegoodsareontheirdoorstepswithinanhour.Theyhaveonlyto hintatafancyforsomecommodityoutsidetheusualstockandthegrocera red-facedfigureinstantlyobtainsitforthem.Thevillage gainsfromthissortofenterpriseofcourse.ButIalsofinditsatisfactory becauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodest individualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothe bigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce.Mostofthevillage shopkeepersIknowatanyratearedecidedlyindividualistintheirways.For exampieourshoemakerisaformidablefigure:athick-setirritablemanwhom childrentreatwithmarkedrespectknowingthatanill-judgedwordcanprovoke anangryeruptionatanytime.Hestareswithcontemptatthepairsofcheap mass-producedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothisheseemstobe sayingthatheacraftsmanshouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrash Butweallknowhewillinfactdoexcellentworkuponthem.Andhemakes beautifulshoesforthosewhocanaffordsuch luxury.Thelocalgrocer’sshopisexpandingeventhough
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
Text4 Thefirsttechnologicalrevolutionin modernbiologystartedwhenJamesWatsonandFrancisCrickdescribedthe structureofDNAhalfacenturyago.Thatestablishedthefieldsofmolecular andcellbiologythebasisofthebiotechnologyindustry.Thesequencingofthe humangenomenearlyadecadeagosetoffasecondrevolutionwhichhasstarted toilluminatetheoriginsofdiseases.Nowtheindustryis convincedthatathirdrevolutionisunderway:theconvergenceofbiologyand engineering.ArecentreportfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysays thatphysicalscienceshavealreadybeentransformedbytheiradoptionof informationtechnologyadvancedmaterialsimagingnanotechnolugyand sophisticatedmodellingandsimulation.PhillipSharpaNobelprize-winnerat thatuniversitybelievesthatthosetoolsareabouttobebroughttobearon biologytoo.Butthechancesarethatthiswilltaketimeand turnouttobemoreofareformationthanarevolution.Theconventional health-caresystemsoftherichworldmayresistnewtechnologiesevenaspoor countriesleapfrogahead.Thereisalreadyabacklashagainstgenomicswhich hasbeenoversoldtoconsumersasadeterministicscience.Andgivensoaring health-carecostsinsurersandhealthsystemsmaynotwanttoadoptnew technologiesunlessinventorscanshowconclusivelythattheywillproduce betteroutcomesandoffervalueformoney.Iftheseobstacles canbeovercomethenthebiggestwinnerwillbethepatient.Inthepast medicinehastakenapaternalisticstancewiththeall-knowingphysician dispensingwisdomfromonhighbutthatisbecomingincreasinglyuntenable. Digitisationpromisestoconnectdoctorsnotonlytoeverythingtheyneedto knowabouttheirpatientsbutalsotootherdoctorswhohavetreatedsimilar disorders.Thatessentialreformwillenablemanyotherbigtechnological changestobeintroduced.Justasimportantitcanmakethat informationavailabletothepatientstooempoweringthemtoplayabiggerpart inmanagingtheirownhealthaffairs.Thisiscontroversialandwithgood reason.Manydoctorsandsomepatientsreckontheylacktheknowledgetomake informeddecisions.Butpatientsactuallyknowagreatdealaboutmanydiseases especiallychroniconeslikediabetesandheartproblemswithwhichtheyoften liveformanyyears.Thebestwaytodealwiththoseisforindividualstotake moreresponsibilityfortheirownhealthandpreventproblemsbeforethey requirecostlyhospitalvisits.Thatmeansputtingelectronichealthrecords directlyintopatients’hands.Whatwillaphysicianprobablydointhefutureifheencountersadifficultandraredisease
Directions: ATitle:GlobleShortageofFreshWater BYourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOutlinegiveninChinesebelow: 1.人们认为淡水是取这不尽的 2.实际上淡水是短缺的 3.我们就当怎么办 Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEETⅡ.
Text1 Placingahumanbeingbehindthewheel ofanautomobileoftenhasthesamecuriouseffectascuttingcertainfibresin thebrain.Theresultineithercaseismoreprimitive behaviour.Hostilefeelingsareapttobeexpressedinanaggressive way.Thesamemanwhowillstepasideforastrangerata doorwaywillwhenbehindthewheelriskanaccidenttryingtobeatanother motoristthroughanintersection.Theimportanceofemotionalfactorsin automobileaccidentsisgainingrecognition.Doctorsandotherscientistshave concludedthatthehighwaydeathtollresemblesanepidemicandshouldbe investigatedassuch.Dr.RossA.McFarlandAssociateProfessor ofIndustrialHygieneattheHarvardUniversitySchoolofPublicHealthsaid thataccidentsnowconstituteagreaterthreattothesafetyoflargesegments ofthepopulationthandiseasesdo.Accidentsaretheleading causeofdeathbetweentheagesof1and35.Aboutonethirdofallaccidental deathsandoneseventhofallaccidentalinjuriesarecausedbymotor vehicles.Basedonthepresentrateofvehicleregistration unlesstheaccidentrateiscutinhalfoneofevery10personsinthecountry willbekilledorinjuredinatrafficaccidentinthenext15years. Researchtofindtheunderlyingcausesofaccidentsandtodevelopwaysto detectdriverswhoareapttocausethemisbeingconductedatuniversitiesand medicalcentres.Herearesomeoftheirfindingssofar:Aman drivesashelives.Ifheisoftenintroublewithcollectionagenciesthe courtsandpolicechancesarehewillhaverepeatedautomobileaccidents. Accidentrepeatersusuallyareegocentricexhibitionisticresentfulof authorityimpulsiveandlackinginsocialresponsibility.Asgrouptheycan beclassifiedasborderlinepsychopathicpersonalitiesaccordingtoDr. McFarland.Thesuspicionhoweverthataccidentrepeaterscould bedetectedinadvancebyscreeningoutpersonswithmorehostileimpulsesis false.AstudyattheUniversityofColoradoshowedthattherewerejustasmany overlyhostilepersonsamongthosewhohadnoaccidentsasamongthosewith repeatedaccidents.PsychologistscurrentlyarestudyingDenver highschoolpupilstotestthevalidityofthisconcept.Theyaremaking psychologicalevaluationsofthepupilstoseewhethersubsequentdriving recordswillbearouttheirthesis.BysayingThesameman...will...riskanaccident...Line1-2Para.3theauthormeansthat
Text1 Placingahumanbeingbehindthewheel ofanautomobileoftenhasthesamecuriouseffectascuttingcertainfibresin thebrain.Theresultineithercaseismoreprimitive behaviour.Hostilefeelingsareapttobeexpressedinanaggressive way.Thesamemanwhowillstepasideforastrangerata doorwaywillwhenbehindthewheelriskanaccidenttryingtobeatanother motoristthroughanintersection.Theimportanceofemotionalfactorsin automobileaccidentsisgainingrecognition.Doctorsandotherscientistshave concludedthatthehighwaydeathtollresemblesanepidemicandshouldbe investigatedassuch.Dr.RossA.McFarlandAssociateProfessor ofIndustrialHygieneattheHarvardUniversitySchoolofPublicHealthsaid thataccidentsnowconstituteagreaterthreattothesafetyoflargesegments ofthepopulationthandiseasesdo.Accidentsaretheleading causeofdeathbetweentheagesof1and35.Aboutonethirdofallaccidental deathsandoneseventhofallaccidentalinjuriesarecausedbymotor vehicles.Basedonthepresentrateofvehicleregistration unlesstheaccidentrateiscutinhalfoneofevery10personsinthecountry willbekilledorinjuredinatrafficaccidentinthenext15years. Researchtofindtheunderlyingcausesofaccidentsandtodevelopwaysto detectdriverswhoareapttocausethemisbeingconductedatuniversitiesand medicalcentres.Herearesomeoftheirfindingssofar:Aman drivesashelives.Ifheisoftenintroublewithcollectionagenciesthe courtsandpolicechancesarehewillhaverepeatedautomobileaccidents. Accidentrepeatersusuallyareegocentricexhibitionisticresentfulof authorityimpulsiveandlackinginsocialresponsibility.Asgrouptheycan beclassifiedasborderlinepsychopathicpersonalitiesaccordingtoDr. McFarland.Thesuspicionhoweverthataccidentrepeaterscould bedetectedinadvancebyscreeningoutpersonswithmorehostileimpulsesis false.AstudyattheUniversityofColoradoshowedthattherewerejustasmany overlyhostilepersonsamongthosewhohadnoaccidentsasamongthosewith repeatedaccidents.PsychologistscurrentlyarestudyingDenver highschoolpupilstotestthevalidityofthisconcept.Theyaremaking psychologicalevaluationsofthepupilstoseewhethersubsequentdriving recordswillbearouttheirthesis.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthetrafficaccidents
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
Itisoftenobservedthattheaged spendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1 aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivial memories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation. Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3an identitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrole thatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothe futuretheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthathere wasalife6living.7thememories formpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson 9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand 10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompleted life.Asthelifecycle11toitsclose theagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath. 12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathis almosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themere discussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmany ofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkabout it—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceof someonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17only inthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforour reluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfact thatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonly oneofthenaturalprocesses20is so.
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