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the engine is overloaded the engine is cold there is too much lube oil in the cylinders the turbocharger is fouled
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engine operating speed an air manifold a hydraulic distributor individual cams and valve gear
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temperature of the exhaust gases energy supplied to the turbocharger air pressure to the intake manifold purge of exhausted gases from the cylinders
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most critical in a four-stroke cycle diesel engine most critical in a two-stroke/cycle diesel engine most critical in a four-stroke/cycle diesel engine if it is turbocharged of equal importance in a two-stroke/cycle diesel engine as in a four-stroke/cyclediesel engine
worn valve seats worn main bearing excessive valve clearance weak rocker arm springs
burned exhaust valves excessive spring compression spring surge worn valve seats
the inlet valve the outlet valve both the inlet valve and the outlet valve the pump inlet valve
compression ratio valve size fuel pressure cylinder clearance volume
Loss of compression for that cylinder Misfiring or rough running Damage to the valve All of the above
later and closing earlier later and closing later earlier and closing earlier earlier and closing later
the air start valve timing gears and rods a cylinder check valve individual cams and valve gear an air manifold poppet valve
valve guides oil control rings valve seats compression rings