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(1) effect of the country’’s growing human population on its wildlife (2) possible reason for the...
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1effectofthecountry’’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitsw
1effectofthecountry’’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitsw
1effectofthecountry’’sgrowinghumanpopulationonits
1effectofthecountry’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitsw
NEWDELHIIndiaAP―Indiaisfastbecomingatopdestination
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1effectofthecountry’’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitsw
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慢性肾盂肾炎时尿培养无细菌生长可能为
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Text4Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacenturylongstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyareinpracticemoreofacursethanablessing.Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilitiesandemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWarforexamplebusinessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactoriesthusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactoryandwomencouldbequitelegallyfiredre-fusedjobsorkeptatlowwagelevelsallinthenameof"protecting"theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuitsthecourtshaveconspiredovertheyearsinestablishingdifferentlessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametimeeventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakerscourtsandemployershaveof-tenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.Finallylaborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicalsforexampleposereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworkerbuthasnoeffectwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescannotbenegligiblesincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.Insumprotectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostayandthattheirneeds--goodhealthcareadecentwageandasafeworkplace--aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment. Theauthorimpliesthatmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans
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Text3Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcenturyandeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.DoesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappinessEasterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness."TherehasbeennotimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury--aperiodinwhichrealGDPgrossdomesticproductpercapitalmorethandoubled"Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:"Asincomesrisetheaspirationleveldoestooandtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome."MoneycanbuyhappinessEasterlinseemstobesayingbutonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome"necessarytogetalong"rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighborspoorifwehavelessandfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s"hierarchyofwants"asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvysoourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:"Thefuturethentowhichtheeraofmodemeconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowthaworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirationsaworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplentyitisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheenditisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;ratheritisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity." Easterlinseemstosuggestthat
Text2AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.S.executivetellshisstaffhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairly--andcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanagerispromotedbyhisAmericanpresidentbutwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployeesbutwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement."Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelsenowthey’refinallylookingatculture"saysCliffordClarkefounderandpresidentoftheCalifornia-basedIRIInternationalInc."NevershowtheshoetoanArabneverarriveintimeforapartyinBrazilandinJapandon’tthink’yes’means’yes’"adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggswhohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial"dos"and"don’ts"isnottheansweraccordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatternstheypointoutcanbedisastrous.ForexampletheAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewardedbutwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanotherstherewerecomplaints."Youtoldusyou’dbefairandyouliedtous"accusedonesalesman."Ittookmeayearandahalf"sighedtheAmerican"torealizethat’fair’tomystaffmeantbeingtreatedequally."TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation."HewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan"saidhisU.S.manager."Butinourcompanywe’reallexpectedtobeself-starterswhothriveonworkingalone.Forhimitwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnowbuthe’dbehumiliatedifItoldyouhisnamethat’sanotherculturaldifference."TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldn’tbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisBoston-basedsuperiors."Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturalcommunicationwasalogofbaloney"saysEugeneJ.FlathpresidentofIntelJapanLtd.asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker."NowIcanseeit’sarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice."That’swhyIntelwiththehelpofconsultantClarkebegananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericansandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother. TheauthorgivesadetailedexplanationoftheexamplesoftheAsianengineerandtheJapanesemanagertoshow
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1AtanofficeinHamptonVirginiaintheeastoftheUnitedStatesateamoftennetsavvyworkerssourcesthewebforsexualcontentfrombasicsexeducationtosexacts.This"qualityassurance"teamismakingsurethattheblockingcomponentofSymantec’sNortonInternetSecurity2000computerprogramremainseffective.Thisisbecausethereiswidespreadparentalconcernaboutblockingwebsiteswithsexualcontentfromchildren.Websiteblockingisnothingnew--serviceslikeNetNannyandprogramslikeCyberPatrolandGuardDoghavebeenaroundforafewyearsnowprotectingchildrenandreassuringparentsthatonlywholesomewebsitesareaccessedbytheyoungsters.NetNannyandCyberPatrolwillpreventaccesstoanyquestionablesiteswhentheprogramisinplaceNowSymantecsaysithascreatedanewcategoryinconsumersoftwarewithapackagethatcombineswebsiteblockingwitha"firewall"protectingyourcomputerfromhackersandvirusesaswellaspreventingcarelessdisclosureofpersonaldata.InshortNortonInternetSecurityastheprogramiscalledisdesignedtoserveastheguardianofyourdigitalhealthkeepingthebadthingsoutandtheprivatethingsin.TheSymantecprogramcanbeconfiguredinmanywaysthewebsiteblockingforexamplecanbesettobeeitherselectivelypermissiveortotalinitsbanningofwebsitesorswitchedoffentirely.AlsoSymantec’slistofno-goareaswhichontheCDnowstandataround36000addressedisnotconfinedtosexsites.TheteaminVirginiaisalsoonthelookoutforsitesadvocatingdragsorwhichcontainreferencestoviolenceorgamblingandkeepsawatchonchatroomse-mailservicesentertainmentportals--evenjobsearchandfinancialpages.Thesesitescanbeblockedbytheprogram.ComputeruserscanalsorefreshtheaddresslistonlinewiththeLiveupdatefeaturewhichisusedbyNortonAnti-ViruswhichisbundledwithNIStoloadthelatestvirusdefinitions.Thisserviceisfreeforthefirstyearbutincludingvirusdefinitionupdates;itcosts$19.95ayearthere-after.Thesystemisnotperfecthowever.Limitedtestingfoundtheblockingofsome"questionable"siteswasnotcomprehensive.Tryingtogetaccesstoawell-knownUSsitesuchasPlayboyresultsinanimmediateblockingmessagewithastandardinvitationtoreportan"incorrectlycategorized"site.BycontrastyoucouldfindinothercountriessuchasNewZealandasexsitewhichdeclareditselftobe"dedicatedtoprovidingsexualmaterialimagedandanythingalittlebitunusualforsexenthusiastsalloverthecountry. Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph
Text3Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcenturyandeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.DoesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappinessEasterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness."TherehasbeennotimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury--aperiodinwhichrealGDPgrossdomesticproductpercapitalmorethandoubled"Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:"Asincomesrisetheaspirationleveldoestooandtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome."MoneycanbuyhappinessEasterlinseemstobesayingbutonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome"necessarytogetalong"rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighborspoorifwehavelessandfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s"hierarchyofwants"asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvysoourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:"Thefuturethentowhichtheeraofmodemeconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowthaworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirationsaworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplentyitisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheenditisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;ratheritisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity." Generallyspeakingpeople
关于蜂窝织炎的描述正确的是
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SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1AtanofficeinHamptonVirginiaintheeastoftheUnitedStatesateamoftennetsavvyworkerssourcesthewebforsexualcontentfrombasicsexeducationtosexacts.This"qualityassurance"teamismakingsurethattheblockingcomponentofSymantec’sNortonInternetSecurity2000computerprogramremainseffective.Thisisbecausethereiswidespreadparentalconcernaboutblockingwebsiteswithsexualcontentfromchildren.Websiteblockingisnothingnew--serviceslikeNetNannyandprogramslikeCyberPatrolandGuardDoghavebeenaroundforafewyearsnowprotectingchildrenandreassuringparentsthatonlywholesomewebsitesareaccessedbytheyoungsters.NetNannyandCyberPatrolwillpreventaccesstoanyquestionablesiteswhentheprogramisinplaceNowSymantecsaysithascreatedanewcategoryinconsumersoftwarewithapackagethatcombineswebsiteblockingwitha"firewall"protectingyourcomputerfromhackersandvirusesaswellaspreventingcarelessdisclosureofpersonaldata.InshortNortonInternetSecurityastheprogramiscalledisdesignedtoserveastheguardianofyourdigitalhealthkeepingthebadthingsoutandtheprivatethingsin.TheSymantecprogramcanbeconfiguredinmanywaysthewebsiteblockingforexamplecanbesettobeeitherselectivelypermissiveortotalinitsbanningofwebsitesorswitchedoffentirely.AlsoSymantec’slistofno-goareaswhichontheCDnowstandataround36000addressedisnotconfinedtosexsites.TheteaminVirginiaisalsoonthelookoutforsitesadvocatingdragsorwhichcontainreferencestoviolenceorgamblingandkeepsawatchonchatroomse-mailservicesentertainmentportals--evenjobsearchandfinancialpages.Thesesitescanbeblockedbytheprogram.ComputeruserscanalsorefreshtheaddresslistonlinewiththeLiveupdatefeaturewhichisusedbyNortonAnti-ViruswhichisbundledwithNIStoloadthelatestvirusdefinitions.Thisserviceisfreeforthefirstyearbutincludingvirusdefinitionupdates;itcosts$19.95ayearthere-after.Thesystemisnotperfecthowever.Limitedtestingfoundtheblockingofsome"questionable"siteswasnotcomprehensive.Tryingtogetaccesstoawell-knownUSsitesuchasPlayboyresultsinanimmediateblockingmessagewithastandardinvitationtoreportan"incorrectlycategorized"site.BycontrastyoucouldfindinothercountriessuchasNewZealandasexsitewhichdeclareditselftobe"dedicatedtoprovidingsexualmaterialimagedandanythingalittlebitunusualforsexenthusiastsalloverthecountry. Whatdoestheauthormeanbytheblockingofsome'questionable’sitewasnotcomprehensiveLine1LastParagraph
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Text2AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.S.executivetellshisstaffhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairly--andcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanagerispromotedbyhisAmericanpresidentbutwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployeesbutwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement."Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelsenowthey’refinallylookingatculture"saysCliffordClarkefounderandpresidentoftheCalifornia-basedIRIInternationalInc."NevershowtheshoetoanArabneverarriveintimeforapartyinBrazilandinJapandon’tthink’yes’means’yes’"adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggswhohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial"dos"and"don’ts"isnottheansweraccordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatternstheypointoutcanbedisastrous.ForexampletheAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewardedbutwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanotherstherewerecomplaints."Youtoldusyou’dbefairandyouliedtous"accusedonesalesman."Ittookmeayearandahalf"sighedtheAmerican"torealizethat’fair’tomystaffmeantbeingtreatedequally."TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation."HewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan"saidhisU.S.manager."Butinourcompanywe’reallexpectedtobeself-starterswhothriveonworkingalone.Forhimitwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnowbuthe’dbehumiliatedifItoldyouhisnamethat’sanotherculturaldifference."TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldn’tbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisBoston-basedsuperiors."Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturalcommunicationwasalogofbaloney"saysEugeneJ.FlathpresidentofIntelJapanLtd.asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker."NowIcanseeit’sarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice."That’swhyIntelwiththehelpofconsultantClarkebegananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericansandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother. WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager
Text2AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.S.executivetellshisstaffhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairly--andcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanagerispromotedbyhisAmericanpresidentbutwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployeesbutwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement."Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelsenowthey’refinallylookingatculture"saysCliffordClarkefounderandpresidentoftheCalifornia-basedIRIInternationalInc."NevershowtheshoetoanArabneverarriveintimeforapartyinBrazilandinJapandon’tthink’yes’means’yes’"adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggswhohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial"dos"and"don’ts"isnottheansweraccordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatternstheypointoutcanbedisastrous.ForexampletheAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewardedbutwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanotherstherewerecomplaints."Youtoldusyou’dbefairandyouliedtous"accusedonesalesman."Ittookmeayearandahalf"sighedtheAmerican"torealizethat’fair’tomystaffmeantbeingtreatedequally."TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation."HewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan"saidhisU.S.manager."Butinourcompanywe’reallexpectedtobeself-starterswhothriveonworkingalone.Forhimitwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnowbuthe’dbehumiliatedifItoldyouhisnamethat’sanotherculturaldifference."TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldn’tbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisBoston-basedsuperiors."Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturalcommunicationwasalogofbaloney"saysEugeneJ.FlathpresidentofIntelJapanLtd.asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker."NowIcanseeit’sarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice."That’swhyIntelwiththehelpofconsultantClarkebegananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericansandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother. Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
正常人摄取糖过多后可发生
关于腹膜的解剖生理正确的是
苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸代谢缺陷时可能导致
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
锁骨骨折
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
对于窦道和瘘管的描述下述哪些是正确的
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Text4Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacenturylongstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyareinpracticemoreofacursethanablessing.Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilitiesandemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWarforexamplebusinessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactoriesthusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactoryandwomencouldbequitelegallyfiredre-fusedjobsorkeptatlowwagelevelsallinthenameof"protecting"theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuitsthecourtshaveconspiredovertheyearsinestablishingdifferentlessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametimeeventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakerscourtsandemployershaveof-tenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.Finallylaborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicalsforexampleposereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworkerbuthasnoeffectwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescannotbenegligiblesincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.Insumprotectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostayandthattheirneeds--goodhealthcareadecentwageandasafeworkplace--aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment. Ashortcomingofprotectivelaborlawsthatsinglingoutaparticulargroupofworkersforprotectionis
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