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The iPod revolutionized the way we consume music. The iPhone made us crazy for apps. And now the iPa...
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3种基因型的适合度分别为wA/A=0.9wA/a=1.0wa/a=0.7如果群体最初的等位基因频率为
使用命令vmstat监控系统状态下面情况说明是cpu瓶颈
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八佰拜WAP网站将提供什么服务功能?
ABC三组元固态完全不互溶图20-2为其三元相图投影图已知合金O的成分为wA=80%wB=10
以下AP中支持FATAP模式的有
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WA2200X-AG
AB的两端分别用铰链与均质球AB的球心连接二球分别置于两个正交的光滑斜面上如图示不计AB自重如杆在水
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3种基因型的适合度分别为wA/A=0.9wA/a=1.0wa/a=0.7预期平衡时的等位基因频率是多
ABC三组元固态完全不互溶图20-2为其三元相图投影图已知合金O的成分为wA=80%wB=10
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ABC三组元固态完全不互溶图20-2为其三元相图投影图已知合金O的成分为wA=80%wB=10
下列仓库对应的英文短语正确的有
自动化仓库－A.utomA.tiC. wA.rehouse
立体仓库－stereosC.opiC. wA.rehouse
虚拟仓库－virtuA.l wA.rehouse
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2011年10月5日创新乔布斯——苹果前行政总裁因病去世生前他让苹果引领全球科技潮流——用iPod颠
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混合物质量分数
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以下为人员数据表用来记录工资变动后的数据
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水渍险的英文缩写为WA
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TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 1
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 19
ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonaledbyTeresaCumminsconductedanexploratorystudyontheonlinelearningmodulesdesignedtosupplementhands-onclassestaughtbylocalexpertsandsupportedbyanoverviewtexttohelpusersincreasetheirunderstandingofkeyconceptsintheArizonaMasterWatershedStewardprogram.Theyalsosoughttodeterminewhetherprogramparticipantswouldusethenon-compulsorymodules.Theirevaluationrevealedthatmoduleusersincreasedtheirunderstandingofkeywatershedconcepts;participantsintheevaluationdemonstrateda30percentincreaseincontentknowledgefollowingmoduleuse.Additionally70percentofparticipantsretainedthisknowledgethroughatwo-monthfollow-uptest.Afollow-upsurveyshowedthatapproximatelyhalfoftheparticipantsreturnedtotheonlinemodulesontheirown;severaloftheseusersreturnedseveraltimesandspentmultiplehourspersession.Commentsfromthefollow-upsurveysuggestedthattheusersaccessedthesiteeitherastheyhadthetimeorastheyneededtheinformation.Onlineusagestatisticsindicatedparticipantscontinuedtovisitthesiteformanymonthsfollowingthemodules’releaseandadvertisement.Thoughmanyvisitswereverybriefasinglepageview;onlyacoupleofsecondsvisitorswithmanyreturnstothesiteand/orlongvisitsappearedtobeworkingthroughthemodules.OneparticipantstatedMybraincanonlyholdsomuchinformation;themoduleskeepinformationon-hand.OtherparticipantscommentedthatthemodulesweremoreinterestingandinteractivethanthetextmaterialandaveryeffectivetoolandagreatresourcetotheMasterWatershedStewardcommunity.TheArizonaMasterWatershedStewardprogramsponsoredbyUniversityofArizonapreparesadultstoserveasvolunteersintheconservationofwaterresourcesandtheprotectionrestorationandmonitoringoftheirwatersheds.Themoduleswereintendedtoreinforceconceptscoveredinclassesandfurtherengageparticipantsinthelearningprocess.Onekeyfindingwasthatthemoduleswerenotclearlypreferredbyusersoverin-personinstruction.OneparticipantstatedFormetheyarejustanotheravenueforlearningasupplementoradditionalreference.Ipreferinpersonandrealhands-onlearning.Otherparticipantssimilarlyexpressedtheirdesireforhands-onandface-to-faceinteraction.Severalparticipantsnotedthattheusefulnessofin-personlectures—wasafunctionofthepresenter.Overalltheexploratoryevaluationindicatedthatthemoduleswereawelcomesupplementtothecourseandwereeffectiveinreinforcingkeyconcepts.Participantsretainedknowledgeforseveralweeksalthoughsincesubjectswereself-selectedtheymayhavebeenself-motivatedtopayattentionandmastertheonlinemodulematerials.Iamconstantlysearchingfornewwaystoeducateourprogram’sdiverseaudiencesandreinforcewatershedscienceconceptssaysCandiceRupprechtstatecoordinatorfortheMasterWatershedStewardprogram.Iamexcitedtoknowthatonlinelearningmodulescanenhanceourprogrambyofferingadditionalindependentlearningopportunitiesforourvolunteers./Fromthesecondparagraphwecaninferthat______.
Tobeagoodfriendyouhavetogiveofyourselfnonethelessnotsomuchthatyouloseyourself.Thisisaprettypredictablerecipeforhappiness.Givingtoothers—areliablewayoffosteringfriendships—makesushappierthantakingthingsforourselves.InthelightofresearchledbyDr.ElizabethDunnattheUniversityofBritishColumbiamoneycanpurchasehappiness...ontheprerequisitethatyouutilizeitonotherpeople.Researchersadministeredthreestudiesconsecutively.Firsttheysurveyedmorethan600Americansandfoundthatspendingmoneyongiftsandcharitiesledtogreaterhappinessthanspendingmoneyononeself.Subsequentlytheyprobedintoworkerswhohadjustreceivedbonusesandobservedthattheirhappinessdidnothingeonthesizeoftheirbonusbutonthedecisiontheymadeaboutwhattodowithwhateveramountofmoneytheyreceived.Thosewhospentmoreoftheirbonusonotherswerehappierthanthosewhospentthemoneyonthemselves.Finallytheresearcherssimplydistributedmoneytoagoodmanysubjectsinstructingsometospendthemoneyonthemselvesandotherstospendthemoneyonothers.Attheendofthedaytheoneswhospentmoneyonotherswereagooddealhappier.Asaconsequencehavingfriendsandtreatingthemgenerouslyisclearlyawinningstrategyinlife.ButwhataboutinbusinessIfyouwatchevenasingleepisodeofanyrealityTVshowbasedonacompetitionsuchasTheApprenticeyou’llhearasinglephrasecropupmoreoftenthananyother:I’mnotheretomakefriends!IsthattrueArewebetteroffbeingcutthroatthancollaborativeOnceyou’reonthejobhavingabestfriendatworkisastrongpredictorofensuingsuccess.PeoplemightdefinebestlooselythinkofthisaskindergartenwhereyoucanhavemorethanonebestfriendbutaccordingtoaGallupOrganizationstudyofmorethan5millionworkersover3556%ofthepeoplewhosaytheyhaveabestfriendatworkareengagedproductiveandsuccessfulwhileonly8%oftheoneswhodon’tare.Anotherremarkablestudyspanningdecadesrevealedthatfriendshipsinhighschoolwereaneffectivepredictorofincreasedwagesinadulthood—tothetuneof2%perpersonwhoconsideredyouaclosefriend.Toputitotherwiseifinhighschoolthreepeopleregardedyouasoneoftheirclosestsame-sexfriendsyourearningsinadulthoodworkwouldbe6%higher.Thehappytruthisthatthecompetitorswhosaythey’renotheretomakefriendsdon’twineventually.That’strueforrealityTVforbusinessandforlifeaswell.TheauthorquotestheexampleoftheTVshowtoshowthat______.
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 3
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 7
Malthusianfearsthatpopulationgrowthwilloutstripfoodsupplieshavebeenwidelydiscountedasfoodproductionhaskeptwellaheadofgrowinghumannumbersinthelasthalfcentury.Whilepopulationdoubledfoodsupplytripledandlifeexpectancyincreasedfrom46inthe1950stoaround65today.Butmorerecentlysomeexpertshaveonceagainbeensoundingthealarmaboutapossiblefoodcrisis.Thereasonliesinthecombinedimpactofmanyfactorsincludingclimatechangeforestdenudationlanddegradationwatershortagedecliningoilsuppliesspeciesextinctiondestructionofcoastalecosystemsandthegrowingdemandsforameat-richdietfromnewlydevelopedpartsoftheworld.Attherootofalltheseproblemshasbeentheruthlessexploitationoftheearth’sresourcesfuelledbygrowingaffluenceinsomepartsoftheworldanddesperatepovertyinothers.Between1980and2000globalpopulationrosefrom4.4billionto6.1billionwhilefoodproductionincreased50percent.By2050thepopulationisexpectedtoreach9billion.DatashowsthatwhilegrainyieldsperacrehavebeenincreasingtherateofincreasehasbeenslowingsincethedaysoftheGreenRevolutioninthe1970s.Mostofthebenefitsofirrigationmachineryfertilizerandplantbreedinghavealreadybeenrealized.Theproductionofgrainperacreisclosetothemaximumobtainablethroughphotosynthesis.Tokeepupwiththegrowthinhumanpopulationmorefoodwillhavetobeproducedoverthenext50yearsthanhasbeenduringthepast10000yearscombinedsaidtheparticipantsoftherecentUN-backedforuminIcelandonsustainabledevelopment.Itisofcoursepossiblethatnewtechnologiessmartenvironmentalmanagementandsensitivesocialpolicieswillcombinetogoodeffecttousherinanewgreenrevolution.Butasgrainreserveshavefallentotheirlowestlevelformanyyearsthiscannotbeguaranteed.Atthe1996WorldFoodSummitpoliticalleadersfrom186countriespledgedtohalvethenumberofhungrypeopleintheworldbytheyear2015orareductionof20millioneachyear.Atthattimeabout800millionpeoplewerereportedtosufferfromunder-nourishment.In2007estimatesfromtheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganizationFAOsuggestthatthereare854millionpeoplewhodonotgetenoughtoeateveryday.FarfromdecreasingthenumberofhungrypeopleintheworldiscurrentlyincreasingsaidFAODirector-GeneralJacquesDiouf.Ofcourseworldpopulationhasincreasedbysome800millioninthattimesofoodsupplieshavekeptuprelativelywellbuthavefailedtoreachanincreasingnumberletalonereducethetotalgoinghungry.Thefoodcrisismaycomeasaresultof______.
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 15
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 5
[A]PossiblewaystokeepfreefromAlzheimer’s [B]Deficiencyofdata-collectinginthestudy [C]Thenewfindingsofineffectivenessofpastcures [D]Weakevidenceoftheresearch [E]Howthenewanalysiscomingfrom [F]Futuredirectionoftheresearchconcerned [G]Traditionalbeliefsinpreventivemeasures LifestyleMayNotPreventAlzheimer’s Acomprehensiveanalysisbyanindependentgovernmentpanelhasfoundthatthereisnotenoughscientificevidencetodatetosupporttheadvicedoctorscurrentlygive—suchasexercisingdoingcrosswordpuzzlesoreatingaMediterranean-stylediet—forpreventingorcontrollingsymptomsofAlzheimer’sdiseaseanddementia. 41______ Asratesofage-relateddementiaandAlzheimer’sdiseasehavecontinuedtoriseintheU.S.—largelybecauseAmericansarelivinglongerandtheover-65populationhasswelledtorecordhighs—researchershaveworkedrelentlesslytounderstandthecausesofthesemind-robbingdiseasesandtohelppreventorslowtheirprogression.ToclarifythestateofthecurrentevidenceandofferphysiciansclearertreatmentguidelinestheNationalInstitutesofHealthNIHinearly2009commissionedadetailedanalysisofexistingstudiescovering165paperspublishedbetween1984and2009. 42______ Foryearstheprevailinghypothesishasbeen"Useitorloseit"whenitcomestoavoidinggradualage-relatedmentaldecline.Datahasassociatedbehaviorssuchaskeepingthemindactivelyengagedthroughoutlifestayingphysicallyactiveeatingcertainfoodsandsupplementingthedietwithspecificvitaminsandnutrientswithlowerratesofdementiainoldage.Theselifestylefactorsappearedtolimitcognitivedeclineofvariouskindsfromoccasional"seniormoments"tothemoreseriousepisodesofcognitiveimpairmentthatcanbeapreludetoAlzheimer’sdisease. 43______ NowresearchersatDukeUniversityreportinthecurrentissueoftheAnnalsofInternalMedicinethatthedataonthepreventiveeffectsoflifestylefactorsisnotasstrongastheyhadthought.LedbyBrendaPlassmanaprofessorofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciencesthestudyauthorsanalyzeddecades’worthofresearchincludingobservationalstudiesinwhichscientistslookedretrospectivelyatagroupofparticipantstoteaseoutassociationsbetweencertainbehaviorslikeexerciseandselectedeffectslikescoresontestsofmemoryandcognitiveskillsaswellasthemoredefinitiveclinicaltrialsthatrandomlyassignvolunteerstointerventionorcontrolgroupsandthenassesshowtheinterventionaffectscognitiveability. 44______ Overalltheresearcherssaytheyweredismayedwiththepaucityandweaknessoftheexistingevidence."Whenweappliedrigorousbutconsistentstandardstoreviewallthestudieswefoundthattherewasnotsufficientevidencetorecommendanysingleactivityorfactorthatwasprotectiveofcognitivedeclinelaterinlife"saysPlassman. 45______ Howeverweaklythoughthereviewdidsupportwhatdoctorsknowaboutriskfactorsforcognitivedecline:smokingdiabetesdepressionmetabolicsyndromeandspecificgenevariantswerealllinkedwithincreasedriskofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.InadditionpreventivebehaviorssuchaseatingaMediterraneandietexercisingmaintainingcognitiveengagementdoingpuzzleslearningnewthingsandfosteringextensivesocialrelationshipswerelinkedtoalowerrisk. Theproblemisthatnoneoftheserelationshipswereparticularlyrobusttheauthorssay.Andnonewerestrongenoughtojustifyrecommendingthebehaviorstopeoplewhowanttopreventorslowdowntheonsetofdementia.ThefindingsledtheNIHtoissueMonday’sstate-of-the-sciencestatementinwhichtheagencynotes"CurrentlyfirmconclusionscannotbedrawnabouttheassociationofanymodifiableriskfactorwithcognitivedeclineorAlzheimer’sdisease."AlthoughthestatementdoesnotconstituteanofficialpolicyorgovernmentrecommendationitservesasaguidelinefordoctorsadvisingpatientsaboutthebestevidenceontheroleoflifestylefactorsinAlzheimer’sprevention. 45
Tobeagoodfriendyouhavetogiveofyourselfnonethelessnotsomuchthatyouloseyourself.Thisisaprettypredictablerecipeforhappiness.Givingtoothers—areliablewayoffosteringfriendships—makesushappierthantakingthingsforourselves.InthelightofresearchledbyDr.ElizabethDunnattheUniversityofBritishColumbiamoneycanpurchasehappiness...ontheprerequisitethatyouutilizeitonotherpeople.Researchersadministeredthreestudiesconsecutively.Firsttheysurveyedmorethan600Americansandfoundthatspendingmoneyongiftsandcharitiesledtogreaterhappinessthanspendingmoneyononeself.Subsequentlytheyprobedintoworkerswhohadjustreceivedbonusesandobservedthattheirhappinessdidnothingeonthesizeoftheirbonusbutonthedecisiontheymadeaboutwhattodowithwhateveramountofmoneytheyreceived.Thosewhospentmoreoftheirbonusonotherswerehappierthanthosewhospentthemoneyonthemselves.Finallytheresearcherssimplydistributedmoneytoagoodmanysubjectsinstructingsometospendthemoneyonthemselvesandotherstospendthemoneyonothers.Attheendofthedaytheoneswhospentmoneyonotherswereagooddealhappier.Asaconsequencehavingfriendsandtreatingthemgenerouslyisclearlyawinningstrategyinlife.ButwhataboutinbusinessIfyouwatchevenasingleepisodeofanyrealityTVshowbasedonacompetitionsuchasTheApprenticeyou’llhearasinglephrasecropupmoreoftenthananyother:I’mnotheretomakefriends!IsthattrueArewebetteroffbeingcutthroatthancollaborativeOnceyou’reonthejobhavingabestfriendatworkisastrongpredictorofensuingsuccess.PeoplemightdefinebestlooselythinkofthisaskindergartenwhereyoucanhavemorethanonebestfriendbutaccordingtoaGallupOrganizationstudyofmorethan5millionworkersover3556%ofthepeoplewhosaytheyhaveabestfriendatworkareengagedproductiveandsuccessfulwhileonly8%oftheoneswhodon’tare.Anotherremarkablestudyspanningdecadesrevealedthatfriendshipsinhighschoolwereaneffectivepredictorofincreasedwagesinadulthood—tothetuneof2%perpersonwhoconsideredyouaclosefriend.Toputitotherwiseifinhighschoolthreepeopleregardedyouasoneoftheirclosestsame-sexfriendsyourearningsinadulthoodworkwouldbe6%higher.Thehappytruthisthatthecompetitorswhosaythey’renotheretomakefriendsdon’twineventually.That’strueforrealityTVforbusinessandforlifeaswell.Accordingtothepassageitwouldbebetterforhigh-schoolstudentsto______.
ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonaledbyTeresaCumminsconductedanexploratorystudyontheonlinelearningmodulesdesignedtosupplementhands-onclassestaughtbylocalexpertsandsupportedbyanoverviewtexttohelpusersincreasetheirunderstandingofkeyconceptsintheArizonaMasterWatershedStewardprogram.Theyalsosoughttodeterminewhetherprogramparticipantswouldusethenon-compulsorymodules.Theirevaluationrevealedthatmoduleusersincreasedtheirunderstandingofkeywatershedconcepts;participantsintheevaluationdemonstrateda30percentincreaseincontentknowledgefollowingmoduleuse.Additionally70percentofparticipantsretainedthisknowledgethroughatwo-monthfollow-uptest.Afollow-upsurveyshowedthatapproximatelyhalfoftheparticipantsreturnedtotheonlinemodulesontheirown;severaloftheseusersreturnedseveraltimesandspentmultiplehourspersession.Commentsfromthefollow-upsurveysuggestedthattheusersaccessedthesiteeitherastheyhadthetimeorastheyneededtheinformation.Onlineusagestatisticsindicatedparticipantscontinuedtovisitthesiteformanymonthsfollowingthemodules’releaseandadvertisement.Thoughmanyvisitswereverybriefasinglepageview;onlyacoupleofsecondsvisitorswithmanyreturnstothesiteand/orlongvisitsappearedtobeworkingthroughthemodules.OneparticipantstatedMybraincanonlyholdsomuchinformation;themoduleskeepinformationon-hand.OtherparticipantscommentedthatthemodulesweremoreinterestingandinteractivethanthetextmaterialandaveryeffectivetoolandagreatresourcetotheMasterWatershedStewardcommunity.TheArizonaMasterWatershedStewardprogramsponsoredbyUniversityofArizonapreparesadultstoserveasvolunteersintheconservationofwaterresourcesandtheprotectionrestorationandmonitoringoftheirwatersheds.Themoduleswereintendedtoreinforceconceptscoveredinclassesandfurtherengageparticipantsinthelearningprocess.Onekeyfindingwasthatthemoduleswerenotclearlypreferredbyusersoverin-personinstruction.OneparticipantstatedFormetheyarejustanotheravenueforlearningasupplementoradditionalreference.Ipreferinpersonandrealhands-onlearning.Otherparticipantssimilarlyexpressedtheirdesireforhands-onandface-to-faceinteraction.Severalparticipantsnotedthattheusefulnessofin-personlectures—wasafunctionofthepresenter.Overalltheexploratoryevaluationindicatedthatthemoduleswereawelcomesupplementtothecourseandwereeffectiveinreinforcingkeyconcepts.Participantsretainedknowledgeforseveralweeksalthoughsincesubjectswereself-selectedtheymayhavebeenself-motivatedtopayattentionandmastertheonlinemodulematerials.Iamconstantlysearchingfornewwaystoeducateourprogram’sdiverseaudiencesandreinforcewatershedscienceconceptssaysCandiceRupprechtstatecoordinatorfortheMasterWatershedStewardprogram.Iamexcitedtoknowthatonlinelearningmodulescanenhanceourprogrambyofferingadditionalindependentlearningopportunitiesforourvolunteers./WhattheparticipantsexpressedinParagraph7meansthat______.
Directions:YouaresupposedtowritefortheEnglishClubanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaninternationalseminaronalternativeenergy.Thenoticeshouldincludethebasicqualificationsforapplicantsandtheotherinformationwhichyouthinkisrelevant.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.UseEnglishClubinstead.
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 17
It’sobviousthathumansarefundamentallydifferentfromotheranimalspecies.It’snotsoeasythoughtoidentifythetraitsthatmakehumanbeingssospecial.Scientistsrealizedlongagothatotheranimalsmaketoolsplayjokesandevenhaveasenseofjusticeandaltruism—allthingsweoncethoughtwereuniquetoourspecies.NowapaperinthejournalCurrentBiologyhasaddedanotherbehaviortothelistofwhatotheranimalssharewithus—andthisoneisn’tquitesocharming.AfteryearsoffieldobservationsinUganda’sKibaleNationalParkJohnMitanioftheUniversityofMichiganandseveralcolleagueshaveconcludedthatchimpswagewartoconquernewterritory.WealreadyknewthatchimpskilleachothersaysMitani.We’veknownthisforalongtime.Whatscientistsdidn’tknowforcertainatleastincasesinwhichgroupsofchimpsbandedtogethertokillotherswaswhy.OnehypothesisadvancedmorethanadecadeagobyanthropologistRichardWranghamwastheideaofterritorialconquest;circumstantialevidencefrombothGombeandMahalenationalparksinTanzaniabolsteredthetheory.InMahaleforexamplemalemembersofonegroupmysteriouslyvanishedandanothergroupthenexpandedintowhathadbeentheirland.InGombeanexistinggroupdissolvedintocivilwarresultinginkillingsandlandtakeovers.What’sespeciallychillingabouttheobservationisthatthemurderrateappearstobesohigh.Theanthropologistscouldn’tbecertainofhowbigabandthevictimsbelongedtobecausetheyweren’tusedtoahumanpresenceandthuscouldn’tbeaccuratelycounted.Butevenaconservativeestimatesuggeststhatthedeathrateissignificantlyhigherthanyouwouldseeinwarbetweenhumanhunter-gatherergroups.Mitaniisn’toblivioustothelessonsomepeoplemightdrawfromthestudy.Invariablysomewilltakethisasevidencethattherootsofaggressionrunverydeephesaysandthereforeconcludethatwarisourevolutionarydestiny.EvenifthatweretruesaysMitaniweoperatebyamoralcodethatchimpsdon’thave.ApartfromthathepointsoutthePantroglodyteschimpshestudiesareoneoftwosubspecies.TheotheriscalledPanpaniscusalsoknownasbonobosandsaysMitanithelatterasfarasweknowaren’tnearlyasaggressivewithrespecttointergrouprelations.Yetthey’reequallyclosetous.Thatmeansthatifwe’rewiredforwarfarewe’rewiredforpeacetoo.Ultimatelytheroutewechooseisstilluptous.Whatproblemdidtheanthropologistsmeetinstudyingthechimps
InanageofperpetualdigitalconnectednesswhydopeopleseemsodisconnectedInaDukeUniversitystudyresearchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripledto25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverallAmericanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydidtwodecadesago.AnotherrecentstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereasonpsychologistsspeculatemayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.It’spossiblethatinsteadoffosteringrealfriendshipsoff-linee-mailandsocialnetworkingmaytaketheplaceofthem—andthedistanceinherentinscreen-onlyinteractionsmaybreedfeelingsofisolationoratendencytocarelessaboutotherpeople.Afterallifyoudon’tfeellikedealingwithafriend’sproblemonlineallyouhavetodoislogoff.Theproblemisasempathywanessodoestrust.Andwithouttrustyoucan’thaveacohesivesociety.Considerthefindingsofanewstudyco-authoredbyKevinRockmannofGeorgeMasonUniversityandGregoryNorthcraftattheUniversityofIllinoiswhospecializesinworkplacecollaboration.Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailandtoalesserextentvideoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownasleancommunicationbecausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.Inabusinesssetting—asinallothersocialrelationshipsoutsidetheworkplace—trustisanecessaryconditionforeffectivecooperationwithinagroup.TechnologyhasmadeusmuchmoreefficientbutmuchlesseffectivesaidNorthcraftinastatement.Somethingisbeinggainedbutsomethingisbeinglost.Thesomethinggainedistimeandthesomethinglostisthequalityofrelationships.Andqualityofrelationshipsmatters.InRockmannandNorthcraft’sstudy200studentsweredividedintoteamsandaskedtomanagetwocomplicatedprojects:onehavingtodowithnucleardisarmament;theotherpricefixing.Somegroupscommunicatedviae-mailsomeviavideoconferenceandothersfacetoface.Intheendthosewhometinpersonshowedthemosttrustandmosteffectivecooperation;thoseusinge-mailweretheleastabletoworktogetherandgetthejobdone.Northcraftthinksthisisbecausereal-lifemeetingsduringwhichparticipantscanseehowengagedtheircolleaguesarebreedmoretrust.Overe-mailmeanwhileconfirmationofhardworkgetslostwhichtendstoencouragemutualslackingoff.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestsummarizethepassage
It’sobviousthathumansarefundamentallydifferentfromotheranimalspecies.It’snotsoeasythoughtoidentifythetraitsthatmakehumanbeingssospecial.Scientistsrealizedlongagothatotheranimalsmaketoolsplayjokesandevenhaveasenseofjusticeandaltruism—allthingsweoncethoughtwereuniquetoourspecies.NowapaperinthejournalCurrentBiologyhasaddedanotherbehaviortothelistofwhatotheranimalssharewithus—andthisoneisn’tquitesocharming.AfteryearsoffieldobservationsinUganda’sKibaleNationalParkJohnMitanioftheUniversityofMichiganandseveralcolleagueshaveconcludedthatchimpswagewartoconquernewterritory.WealreadyknewthatchimpskilleachothersaysMitani.We’veknownthisforalongtime.Whatscientistsdidn’tknowforcertainatleastincasesinwhichgroupsofchimpsbandedtogethertokillotherswaswhy.OnehypothesisadvancedmorethanadecadeagobyanthropologistRichardWranghamwastheideaofterritorialconquest;circumstantialevidencefrombothGombeandMahalenationalparksinTanzaniabolsteredthetheory.InMahaleforexamplemalemembersofonegroupmysteriouslyvanishedandanothergroupthenexpandedintowhathadbeentheirland.InGombeanexistinggroupdissolvedintocivilwarresultinginkillingsandlandtakeovers.What’sespeciallychillingabouttheobservationisthatthemurderrateappearstobesohigh.Theanthropologistscouldn’tbecertainofhowbigabandthevictimsbelongedtobecausetheyweren’tusedtoahumanpresenceandthuscouldn’tbeaccuratelycounted.Butevenaconservativeestimatesuggeststhatthedeathrateissignificantlyhigherthanyouwouldseeinwarbetweenhumanhunter-gatherergroups.Mitaniisn’toblivioustothelessonsomepeoplemightdrawfromthestudy.Invariablysomewilltakethisasevidencethattherootsofaggressionrunverydeephesaysandthereforeconcludethatwarisourevolutionarydestiny.EvenifthatweretruesaysMitaniweoperatebyamoralcodethatchimpsdon’thave.ApartfromthathepointsoutthePantroglodyteschimpshestudiesareoneoftwosubspecies.TheotheriscalledPanpaniscusalsoknownasbonobosandsaysMitanithelatterasfarasweknowaren’tnearlyasaggressivewithrespecttointergrouprelations.Yetthey’reequallyclosetous.Thatmeansthatifwe’rewiredforwarfarewe’rewiredforpeacetoo.Ultimatelytheroutewechooseisstilluptous.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext
InanageofperpetualdigitalconnectednesswhydopeopleseemsodisconnectedInaDukeUniversitystudyresearchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripledto25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverallAmericanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydidtwodecadesago.AnotherrecentstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereasonpsychologistsspeculatemayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.It’spossiblethatinsteadoffosteringrealfriendshipsoff-linee-mailandsocialnetworkingmaytaketheplaceofthem—andthedistanceinherentinscreen-onlyinteractionsmaybreedfeelingsofisolationoratendencytocarelessaboutotherpeople.Afterallifyoudon’tfeellikedealingwithafriend’sproblemonlineallyouhavetodoislogoff.Theproblemisasempathywanessodoestrust.Andwithouttrustyoucan’thaveacohesivesociety.Considerthefindingsofanewstudyco-authoredbyKevinRockmannofGeorgeMasonUniversityandGregoryNorthcraftattheUniversityofIllinoiswhospecializesinworkplacecollaboration.Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailandtoalesserextentvideoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownasleancommunicationbecausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.Inabusinesssetting—asinallothersocialrelationshipsoutsidetheworkplace—trustisanecessaryconditionforeffectivecooperationwithinagroup.TechnologyhasmadeusmuchmoreefficientbutmuchlesseffectivesaidNorthcraftinastatement.Somethingisbeinggainedbutsomethingisbeinglost.Thesomethinggainedistimeandthesomethinglostisthequalityofrelationships.Andqualityofrelationshipsmatters.InRockmannandNorthcraft’sstudy200studentsweredividedintoteamsandaskedtomanagetwocomplicatedprojects:onehavingtodowithnucleardisarmament;theotherpricefixing.Somegroupscommunicatedviae-mailsomeviavideoconferenceandothersfacetoface.Intheendthosewhometinpersonshowedthemosttrustandmosteffectivecooperation;thoseusinge-mailweretheleastabletoworktogetherandgetthejobdone.Northcraftthinksthisisbecausereal-lifemeetingsduringwhichparticipantscanseehowengagedtheircolleaguesarebreedmoretrust.Overe-mailmeanwhileconfirmationofhardworkgetslostwhichtendstoencouragemutualslackingoff.Onereasonwhypeoplemayhavefeelingsofisolationisthat______.
Tobeagoodfriendyouhavetogiveofyourselfnonethelessnotsomuchthatyouloseyourself.Thisisaprettypredictablerecipeforhappiness.Givingtoothers—areliablewayoffosteringfriendships—makesushappierthantakingthingsforourselves.InthelightofresearchledbyDr.ElizabethDunnattheUniversityofBritishColumbiamoneycanpurchasehappiness...ontheprerequisitethatyouutilizeitonotherpeople.Researchersadministeredthreestudiesconsecutively.Firsttheysurveyedmorethan600Americansandfoundthatspendingmoneyongiftsandcharitiesledtogreaterhappinessthanspendingmoneyononeself.Subsequentlytheyprobedintoworkerswhohadjustreceivedbonusesandobservedthattheirhappinessdidnothingeonthesizeoftheirbonusbutonthedecisiontheymadeaboutwhattodowithwhateveramountofmoneytheyreceived.Thosewhospentmoreoftheirbonusonotherswerehappierthanthosewhospentthemoneyonthemselves.Finallytheresearcherssimplydistributedmoneytoagoodmanysubjectsinstructingsometospendthemoneyonthemselvesandotherstospendthemoneyonothers.Attheendofthedaytheoneswhospentmoneyonotherswereagooddealhappier.Asaconsequencehavingfriendsandtreatingthemgenerouslyisclearlyawinningstrategyinlife.ButwhataboutinbusinessIfyouwatchevenasingleepisodeofanyrealityTVshowbasedonacompetitionsuchasTheApprenticeyou’llhearasinglephrasecropupmoreoftenthananyother:I’mnotheretomakefriends!IsthattrueArewebetteroffbeingcutthroatthancollaborativeOnceyou’reonthejobhavingabestfriendatworkisastrongpredictorofensuingsuccess.PeoplemightdefinebestlooselythinkofthisaskindergartenwhereyoucanhavemorethanonebestfriendbutaccordingtoaGallupOrganizationstudyofmorethan5millionworkersover3556%ofthepeoplewhosaytheyhaveabestfriendatworkareengagedproductiveandsuccessfulwhileonly8%oftheoneswhodon’tare.Anotherremarkablestudyspanningdecadesrevealedthatfriendshipsinhighschoolwereaneffectivepredictorofincreasedwagesinadulthood—tothetuneof2%perpersonwhoconsideredyouaclosefriend.Toputitotherwiseifinhighschoolthreepeopleregardedyouasoneoftheirclosestsame-sexfriendsyourearningsinadulthoodworkwouldbe6%higher.Thehappytruthisthatthecompetitorswhosaythey’renotheretomakefriendsdon’twineventually.That’strueforrealityTVforbusinessandforlifeaswell.AccordingtoDr.ElizabethDunn’sresearch______.
Thisyear’sSumantraGhoshalConferenceheldatLondonBusinessSchooldebatedwhetherstrategyresearchhasbecomeirrelevanttothepracticeofmanagement.ThelateMrGhoshalpublishedapaperin2005scoldingbusinessschoolsforpouringbadtheoryontheirstudents.ThatsameyearWarrenBennisandJamesO’ToolebothattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniapublishedanarticleintheHarvardBusinessReviewcriticisingMBAprogrammesforpayingtoomuchattentiontoscientificresearchandnotenoughtowhatcurrentandfuturemanagersactuallyneeded.Businessschoolstheyarguedwouldbebetteroffactingmoreliketheirprofessionalcounterpartssuchasmedicalorlawschoolsnurturingskilledpractitionersaswellasfrequentpublishers.Howeverbusinessschoolprofessorshaveatendencynottochange.Sinceuniversitiestakejournalrankingsintoaccountwhenawardingtenureacademicsarerewardedmorewhentheypublishinresearchjournals.PopularmediarankingsofMBAprogrammesalthoughnotTheEconomist’salsotakeresearchoutputintoaccount.In2008theAssociationtoAdvanceCollegiateSchoolsofBusinessAACSBtookupthedebatepublishingareportonmakingbusinessresearchmoreuseful.Itsuggestedthattenurecommitteesbecomemoreflexible.Ascholardedicatedtopopularisingmanagementideasforexampleshouldbeevaluatedonbooksalesandattentionfromthenewsmedianotonarticlesinresearchjournals.ThiswouldallowfacultytoreachouttowideraudiencesratherthanbeasMessrsBennisandO’Tooleputitdamnedaspopularisers.Butthatmightalsoriskgrantingtenureonthebasisoftrendybutultimatelyunhelpfulideas.Inanycasesomearguethattherelevanceofbusinessresearchisunderstated.JanWilliamsvicechairofAACSBarguesthatdoingresearchallowsfacultymemberstostayattheforefrontoftheirsubjectandthatinturnimprovestheirteaching.Wecan’tteachstudentsoutdatedmaterialhesays.WhatismoreapaperinAcademyofManagementLearning&Educationsuggeststhatfacultymembers’researchproductivityandtheirstudents’earningsaftergraduationmaybepositivelylinked.Certainlythebestknownschoolsoftenhavestrongresearchreputationstomatchtheirrecognitioninthewiderworld.Soshouldastudentworryaboutafaculty’sresearchabilitywhenapplyingtoaschoolIfbusinessschoolswithbetterresearchersproducebetter-paidgraduatesthenperhapstheyshould.Butonlyuptoapoint:whatMBAstudentsmostneedisskillfulteachingandhelpindevelopingtheircriticalthinkingskillsfirst;accesstofrontierresearchcomesafterwards.AsMessrsBennisandO’Tooleputit:Businessprofessorstoooftenforgetthatexecutivedecision-makersarenotfact-collectors;theyarefactusersandintegrators.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
[A]PossiblewaystokeepfreefromAlzheimer’s [B]Deficiencyofdata-collectinginthestudy [C]Thenewfindingsofineffectivenessofpastcures [D]Weakevidenceoftheresearch [E]Howthenewanalysiscomingfrom [F]Futuredirectionoftheresearchconcerned [G]Traditionalbeliefsinpreventivemeasures LifestyleMayNotPreventAlzheimer’s Acomprehensiveanalysisbyanindependentgovernmentpanelhasfoundthatthereisnotenoughscientificevidencetodatetosupporttheadvicedoctorscurrentlygive—suchasexercisingdoingcrosswordpuzzlesoreatingaMediterranean-stylediet—forpreventingorcontrollingsymptomsofAlzheimer’sdiseaseanddementia. 41______ Asratesofage-relateddementiaandAlzheimer’sdiseasehavecontinuedtoriseintheU.S.—largelybecauseAmericansarelivinglongerandtheover-65populationhasswelledtorecordhighs—researchershaveworkedrelentlesslytounderstandthecausesofthesemind-robbingdiseasesandtohelppreventorslowtheirprogression.ToclarifythestateofthecurrentevidenceandofferphysiciansclearertreatmentguidelinestheNationalInstitutesofHealthNIHinearly2009commissionedadetailedanalysisofexistingstudiescovering165paperspublishedbetween1984and2009. 42______ Foryearstheprevailinghypothesishasbeen"Useitorloseit"whenitcomestoavoidinggradualage-relatedmentaldecline.Datahasassociatedbehaviorssuchaskeepingthemindactivelyengagedthroughoutlifestayingphysicallyactiveeatingcertainfoodsandsupplementingthedietwithspecificvitaminsandnutrientswithlowerratesofdementiainoldage.Theselifestylefactorsappearedtolimitcognitivedeclineofvariouskindsfromoccasional"seniormoments"tothemoreseriousepisodesofcognitiveimpairmentthatcanbeapreludetoAlzheimer’sdisease. 43______ NowresearchersatDukeUniversityreportinthecurrentissueoftheAnnalsofInternalMedicinethatthedataonthepreventiveeffectsoflifestylefactorsisnotasstrongastheyhadthought.LedbyBrendaPlassmanaprofessorofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciencesthestudyauthorsanalyzeddecades’worthofresearchincludingobservationalstudiesinwhichscientistslookedretrospectivelyatagroupofparticipantstoteaseoutassociationsbetweencertainbehaviorslikeexerciseandselectedeffectslikescoresontestsofmemoryandcognitiveskillsaswellasthemoredefinitiveclinicaltrialsthatrandomlyassignvolunteerstointerventionorcontrolgroupsandthenassesshowtheinterventionaffectscognitiveability. 44______ Overalltheresearcherssaytheyweredismayedwiththepaucityandweaknessoftheexistingevidence."Whenweappliedrigorousbutconsistentstandardstoreviewallthestudieswefoundthattherewasnotsufficientevidencetorecommendanysingleactivityorfactorthatwasprotectiveofcognitivedeclinelaterinlife"saysPlassman. 45______ Howeverweaklythoughthereviewdidsupportwhatdoctorsknowaboutriskfactorsforcognitivedecline:smokingdiabetesdepressionmetabolicsyndromeandspecificgenevariantswerealllinkedwithincreasedriskofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.InadditionpreventivebehaviorssuchaseatingaMediterraneandietexercisingmaintainingcognitiveengagementdoingpuzzleslearningnewthingsandfosteringextensivesocialrelationshipswerelinkedtoalowerrisk. Theproblemisthatnoneoftheserelationshipswereparticularlyrobusttheauthorssay.Andnonewerestrongenoughtojustifyrecommendingthebehaviorstopeoplewhowanttopreventorslowdowntheonsetofdementia.ThefindingsledtheNIHtoissueMonday’sstate-of-the-sciencestatementinwhichtheagencynotes"CurrentlyfirmconclusionscannotbedrawnabouttheassociationofanymodifiableriskfactorwithcognitivedeclineorAlzheimer’sdisease."AlthoughthestatementdoesnotconstituteanofficialpolicyorgovernmentrecommendationitservesasaguidelinefordoctorsadvisingpatientsaboutthebestevidenceontheroleoflifestylefactorsinAlzheimer’sprevention. 43
Thisyear’sSumantraGhoshalConferenceheldatLondonBusinessSchooldebatedwhetherstrategyresearchhasbecomeirrelevanttothepracticeofmanagement.ThelateMrGhoshalpublishedapaperin2005scoldingbusinessschoolsforpouringbadtheoryontheirstudents.ThatsameyearWarrenBennisandJamesO’ToolebothattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniapublishedanarticleintheHarvardBusinessReviewcriticisingMBAprogrammesforpayingtoomuchattentiontoscientificresearchandnotenoughtowhatcurrentandfuturemanagersactuallyneeded.Businessschoolstheyarguedwouldbebetteroffactingmoreliketheirprofessionalcounterpartssuchasmedicalorlawschoolsnurturingskilledpractitionersaswellasfrequentpublishers.Howeverbusinessschoolprofessorshaveatendencynottochange.Sinceuniversitiestakejournalrankingsintoaccountwhenawardingtenureacademicsarerewardedmorewhentheypublishinresearchjournals.PopularmediarankingsofMBAprogrammesalthoughnotTheEconomist’salsotakeresearchoutputintoaccount.In2008theAssociationtoAdvanceCollegiateSchoolsofBusinessAACSBtookupthedebatepublishingareportonmakingbusinessresearchmoreuseful.Itsuggestedthattenurecommitteesbecomemoreflexible.Ascholardedicatedtopopularisingmanagementideasforexampleshouldbeevaluatedonbooksalesandattentionfromthenewsmedianotonarticlesinresearchjournals.ThiswouldallowfacultytoreachouttowideraudiencesratherthanbeasMessrsBennisandO’Tooleputitdamnedaspopularisers.Butthatmightalsoriskgrantingtenureonthebasisoftrendybutultimatelyunhelpfulideas.Inanycasesomearguethattherelevanceofbusinessresearchisunderstated.JanWilliamsvicechairofAACSBarguesthatdoingresearchallowsfacultymemberstostayattheforefrontoftheirsubjectandthatinturnimprovestheirteaching.Wecan’tteachstudentsoutdatedmaterialhesays.WhatismoreapaperinAcademyofManagementLearning&Educationsuggeststhatfacultymembers’researchproductivityandtheirstudents’earningsaftergraduationmaybepositivelylinked.Certainlythebestknownschoolsoftenhavestrongresearchreputationstomatchtheirrecognitioninthewiderworld.Soshouldastudentworryaboutafaculty’sresearchabilitywhenapplyingtoaschoolIfbusinessschoolswithbetterresearchersproducebetter-paidgraduatesthenperhapstheyshould.Butonlyuptoapoint:whatMBAstudentsmostneedisskillfulteachingandhelpindevelopingtheircriticalthinkingskillsfirst;accesstofrontierresearchcomesafterwards.AsMessrsBennisandO’Tooleputit:Businessprofessorstoooftenforgetthatexecutivedecision-makersarenotfact-collectors;theyarefactusersandintegrators.TherankingofMBAprogrammesismentionedinbracketsinorderto______.
TheAlchemistisastoryofamanSantiagofollowinghisdream.Thisbeliefofdreamisamarvelousoneasupportforanyoneembarkingonamajorproject.NeverthelessisitahopebasedonnothingIfyouthinkabouttheenergyyouputintosomethingonceyouarecommittedtoitprobablynot.46The"universecontriving"togiveyouwhatyouwantismorepreciselyareflectionofyourdeterminationtomakesomethinghappen. Dreamfollowershaveagreaterresponsibilitythatofhandlingtheirownfreedom.TheoldmanthatSantiagomeetsinthetownsquaretellshimnottobelieve"thebiggestlie"thatyoucan’tcontrolyourdestiny.Youcanhesaysbutyoumust"readtheomens"whichbecomespossiblewhenyoustarttoseetheworldasone.47Theworldcanbereadlikeabookbutwewillneverbeabletounderstanditifwehaveaclosedtypeofexistencecontentedwithourlotandunwillingtoriskanything. TheAlchemistisalsoremarkableforbeingalovestorythatrenouncestheideathatromanticlovemustbethecentralthinginyourlife.ThetreasurethatSantiagoseeksisofcoursethesymbolofthepersonaldreamordestinybutheishappytogiveuponitwhenhefindsthewomanofhisdreamsinadesertoasis.Yetthealchemisthemeetsinthedeserttellshimthattheloveofhisoasisgirlfriendwillonlybeprovedrealifsheiswillingtosupporthissearchfortreasure. Santiago’sdilemmaisabouttheconflictbetweenloveandpersonaldreams.48Toooftenweseealoverelationshipasthemeaningofourlifebuttheobsessionwithromanticcouplingcancutusofffromalifemoreconnectedwiththerestoftheworld.ButsurelythehearthasneedsRomanticloveisimportantbutitisnotyourduty—thatistopursueyourdream.49Onlythroughdevotiontothedreamisthe"souloftheworld"revealedtoustheknowledgethatdestroyslonelinessandgivespower. 50Somuchoftheself-helpliteratureisaboutpursuingourdestinybutdreamsdonotalwayspullusalongbytheirownforce;theyspeakpersistentlybutquietlyanditdoesnottaketoomuchefforttomasktheinnervoices.WhoiswillingtoriskcomfortroutinesecurityandexistingrelationshipstofollowsomethingthattootherslookslikeamirageIttakescourageanddog-earedstainedcopyofTheAlchemisthavebecometheconstantcompanionofpeoplewhoneedtomakefearlessdecisionsdailyinordertokeeptruetoalargervision. Theworldcanbereadlikeabookbutwewillneverbeabletounderstanditifwehaveaclosedtypeofexistencecontentedwithourlotandunwillingtoriskanything.
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 11
It’sobviousthathumansarefundamentallydifferentfromotheranimalspecies.It’snotsoeasythoughtoidentifythetraitsthatmakehumanbeingssospecial.Scientistsrealizedlongagothatotheranimalsmaketoolsplayjokesandevenhaveasenseofjusticeandaltruism—allthingsweoncethoughtwereuniquetoourspecies.NowapaperinthejournalCurrentBiologyhasaddedanotherbehaviortothelistofwhatotheranimalssharewithus—andthisoneisn’tquitesocharming.AfteryearsoffieldobservationsinUganda’sKibaleNationalParkJohnMitanioftheUniversityofMichiganandseveralcolleagueshaveconcludedthatchimpswagewartoconquernewterritory.WealreadyknewthatchimpskilleachothersaysMitani.We’veknownthisforalongtime.Whatscientistsdidn’tknowforcertainatleastincasesinwhichgroupsofchimpsbandedtogethertokillotherswaswhy.OnehypothesisadvancedmorethanadecadeagobyanthropologistRichardWranghamwastheideaofterritorialconquest;circumstantialevidencefrombothGombeandMahalenationalparksinTanzaniabolsteredthetheory.InMahaleforexamplemalemembersofonegroupmysteriouslyvanishedandanothergroupthenexpandedintowhathadbeentheirland.InGombeanexistinggroupdissolvedintocivilwarresultinginkillingsandlandtakeovers.What’sespeciallychillingabouttheobservationisthatthemurderrateappearstobesohigh.Theanthropologistscouldn’tbecertainofhowbigabandthevictimsbelongedtobecausetheyweren’tusedtoahumanpresenceandthuscouldn’tbeaccuratelycounted.Butevenaconservativeestimatesuggeststhatthedeathrateissignificantlyhigherthanyouwouldseeinwarbetweenhumanhunter-gatherergroups.Mitaniisn’toblivioustothelessonsomepeoplemightdrawfromthestudy.Invariablysomewilltakethisasevidencethattherootsofaggressionrunverydeephesaysandthereforeconcludethatwarisourevolutionarydestiny.EvenifthatweretruesaysMitaniweoperatebyamoralcodethatchimpsdon’thave.ApartfromthathepointsoutthePantroglodyteschimpshestudiesareoneoftwosubspecies.TheotheriscalledPanpaniscusalsoknownasbonobosandsaysMitanithelatterasfarasweknowaren’tnearlyasaggressivewithrespecttointergrouprelations.Yetthey’reequallyclosetous.Thatmeansthatifwe’rewiredforwarfarewe’rewiredforpeacetoo.Ultimatelytheroutewechooseisstilluptous.JohnMitaniconcludesthatchimps______.
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 13
TheAlchemistisastoryofamanSantiagofollowinghisdream.Thisbeliefofdreamisamarvelousoneasupportforanyoneembarkingonamajorproject.NeverthelessisitahopebasedonnothingIfyouthinkabouttheenergyyouputintosomethingonceyouarecommittedtoitprobablynot.46The"universecontriving"togiveyouwhatyouwantismorepreciselyareflectionofyourdeterminationtomakesomethinghappen. Dreamfollowershaveagreaterresponsibilitythatofhandlingtheirownfreedom.TheoldmanthatSantiagomeetsinthetownsquaretellshimnottobelieve"thebiggestlie"thatyoucan’tcontrolyourdestiny.Youcanhesaysbutyoumust"readtheomens"whichbecomespossiblewhenyoustarttoseetheworldasone.47Theworldcanbereadlikeabookbutwewillneverbeabletounderstanditifwehaveaclosedtypeofexistencecontentedwithourlotandunwillingtoriskanything. TheAlchemistisalsoremarkableforbeingalovestorythatrenouncestheideathatromanticlovemustbethecentralthinginyourlife.ThetreasurethatSantiagoseeksisofcoursethesymbolofthepersonaldreamordestinybutheishappytogiveuponitwhenhefindsthewomanofhisdreamsinadesertoasis.Yetthealchemisthemeetsinthedeserttellshimthattheloveofhisoasisgirlfriendwillonlybeprovedrealifsheiswillingtosupporthissearchfortreasure. Santiago’sdilemmaisabouttheconflictbetweenloveandpersonaldreams.48Toooftenweseealoverelationshipasthemeaningofourlifebuttheobsessionwithromanticcouplingcancutusofffromalifemoreconnectedwiththerestoftheworld.ButsurelythehearthasneedsRomanticloveisimportantbutitisnotyourduty—thatistopursueyourdream.49Onlythroughdevotiontothedreamisthe"souloftheworld"revealedtoustheknowledgethatdestroyslonelinessandgivespower. 50Somuchoftheself-helpliteratureisaboutpursuingourdestinybutdreamsdonotalwayspullusalongbytheirownforce;theyspeakpersistentlybutquietlyanditdoesnottaketoomuchefforttomasktheinnervoices.WhoiswillingtoriskcomfortroutinesecurityandexistingrelationshipstofollowsomethingthattootherslookslikeamirageIttakescourageanddog-earedstainedcopyofTheAlchemisthavebecometheconstantcompanionofpeoplewhoneedtomakefearlessdecisionsdailyinordertokeeptruetoalargervision. Onlythroughdevotiontothedreamisthesouloftheworldrevealedtoustheknowledgethatdestroyslonelinessandgivespower.
[A]PossiblewaystokeepfreefromAlzheimer’s [B]Deficiencyofdata-collectinginthestudy [C]Thenewfindingsofineffectivenessofpastcures [D]Weakevidenceoftheresearch [E]Howthenewanalysiscomingfrom [F]Futuredirectionoftheresearchconcerned [G]Traditionalbeliefsinpreventivemeasures LifestyleMayNotPreventAlzheimer’s Acomprehensiveanalysisbyanindependentgovernmentpanelhasfoundthatthereisnotenoughscientificevidencetodatetosupporttheadvicedoctorscurrentlygive—suchasexercisingdoingcrosswordpuzzlesoreatingaMediterranean-stylediet—forpreventingorcontrollingsymptomsofAlzheimer’sdiseaseanddementia. 41______ Asratesofage-relateddementiaandAlzheimer’sdiseasehavecontinuedtoriseintheU.S.—largelybecauseAmericansarelivinglongerandtheover-65populationhasswelledtorecordhighs—researchershaveworkedrelentlesslytounderstandthecausesofthesemind-robbingdiseasesandtohelppreventorslowtheirprogression.ToclarifythestateofthecurrentevidenceandofferphysiciansclearertreatmentguidelinestheNationalInstitutesofHealthNIHinearly2009commissionedadetailedanalysisofexistingstudiescovering165paperspublishedbetween1984and2009. 42______ Foryearstheprevailinghypothesishasbeen"Useitorloseit"whenitcomestoavoidinggradualage-relatedmentaldecline.Datahasassociatedbehaviorssuchaskeepingthemindactivelyengagedthroughoutlifestayingphysicallyactiveeatingcertainfoodsandsupplementingthedietwithspecificvitaminsandnutrientswithlowerratesofdementiainoldage.Theselifestylefactorsappearedtolimitcognitivedeclineofvariouskindsfromoccasional"seniormoments"tothemoreseriousepisodesofcognitiveimpairmentthatcanbeapreludetoAlzheimer’sdisease. 43______ NowresearchersatDukeUniversityreportinthecurrentissueoftheAnnalsofInternalMedicinethatthedataonthepreventiveeffectsoflifestylefactorsisnotasstrongastheyhadthought.LedbyBrendaPlassmanaprofessorofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciencesthestudyauthorsanalyzeddecades’worthofresearchincludingobservationalstudiesinwhichscientistslookedretrospectivelyatagroupofparticipantstoteaseoutassociationsbetweencertainbehaviorslikeexerciseandselectedeffectslikescoresontestsofmemoryandcognitiveskillsaswellasthemoredefinitiveclinicaltrialsthatrandomlyassignvolunteerstointerventionorcontrolgroupsandthenassesshowtheinterventionaffectscognitiveability. 44______ Overalltheresearcherssaytheyweredismayedwiththepaucityandweaknessoftheexistingevidence."Whenweappliedrigorousbutconsistentstandardstoreviewallthestudieswefoundthattherewasnotsufficientevidencetorecommendanysingleactivityorfactorthatwasprotectiveofcognitivedeclinelaterinlife"saysPlassman. 45______ Howeverweaklythoughthereviewdidsupportwhatdoctorsknowaboutriskfactorsforcognitivedecline:smokingdiabetesdepressionmetabolicsyndromeandspecificgenevariantswerealllinkedwithincreasedriskofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.InadditionpreventivebehaviorssuchaseatingaMediterraneandietexercisingmaintainingcognitiveengagementdoingpuzzleslearningnewthingsandfosteringextensivesocialrelationshipswerelinkedtoalowerrisk. Theproblemisthatnoneoftheserelationshipswereparticularlyrobusttheauthorssay.Andnonewerestrongenoughtojustifyrecommendingthebehaviorstopeoplewhowanttopreventorslowdowntheonsetofdementia.ThefindingsledtheNIHtoissueMonday’sstate-of-the-sciencestatementinwhichtheagencynotes"CurrentlyfirmconclusionscannotbedrawnabouttheassociationofanymodifiableriskfactorwithcognitivedeclineorAlzheimer’sdisease."AlthoughthestatementdoesnotconstituteanofficialpolicyorgovernmentrecommendationitservesasaguidelinefordoctorsadvisingpatientsaboutthebestevidenceontheroleoflifestylefactorsinAlzheimer’sprevention. 41
InanageofperpetualdigitalconnectednesswhydopeopleseemsodisconnectedInaDukeUniversitystudyresearchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripledto25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverallAmericanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydidtwodecadesago.AnotherrecentstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereasonpsychologistsspeculatemayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.It’spossiblethatinsteadoffosteringrealfriendshipsoff-linee-mailandsocialnetworkingmaytaketheplaceofthem—andthedistanceinherentinscreen-onlyinteractionsmaybreedfeelingsofisolationoratendencytocarelessaboutotherpeople.Afterallifyoudon’tfeellikedealingwithafriend’sproblemonlineallyouhavetodoislogoff.Theproblemisasempathywanessodoestrust.Andwithouttrustyoucan’thaveacohesivesociety.Considerthefindingsofanewstudyco-authoredbyKevinRockmannofGeorgeMasonUniversityandGregoryNorthcraftattheUniversityofIllinoiswhospecializesinworkplacecollaboration.Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailandtoalesserextentvideoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownasleancommunicationbecausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.Inabusinesssetting—asinallothersocialrelationshipsoutsidetheworkplace—trustisanecessaryconditionforeffectivecooperationwithinagroup.TechnologyhasmadeusmuchmoreefficientbutmuchlesseffectivesaidNorthcraftinastatement.Somethingisbeinggainedbutsomethingisbeinglost.Thesomethinggainedistimeandthesomethinglostisthequalityofrelationships.Andqualityofrelationshipsmatters.InRockmannandNorthcraft’sstudy200studentsweredividedintoteamsandaskedtomanagetwocomplicatedprojects:onehavingtodowithnucleardisarmament;theotherpricefixing.Somegroupscommunicatedviae-mailsomeviavideoconferenceandothersfacetoface.Intheendthosewhometinpersonshowedthemosttrustandmosteffectivecooperation;thoseusinge-mailweretheleastabletoworktogetherandgetthejobdone.Northcraftthinksthisisbecausereal-lifemeetingsduringwhichparticipantscanseehowengagedtheircolleaguesarebreedmoretrust.Overe-mailmeanwhileconfirmationofhardworkgetslostwhichtendstoencouragemutualslackingoff.ThestudyofinterpersonalrelationsbyDukeUniversityrevealsthat______.
TheInternationalWhalingCommission’sIWCdecisiontoretainitsbanonwhalingdoesnotmeanthatthekillingswillstop.Quitethe1. SavetheWhale.It’saphrasewhichbecameannoyingwith2anunfavorableshorthandforliberalconsciences.Howappallingthenthatintheyear2010itshouldbepressed3serviceagaintofightthewhalingnations:NorwayandIcelandwhoexemptedthemselvesfromthe1986prohibition4bytheIWCandJapanwhichhuntswhalesundercoverof"5research". Iamcompletely6bythisweek’seventsinMoroccowheretalksbrokedown.InmyheartIagreewiththosewhohave7thenewsthatthisyear’snegotiationsoftheIWChavebrokenupand8theprohibitionwouldnotbeliftedastheUSproposedinadesperate9tobreakthedeadlock.Yetreason10somethingelse.Ifwedonot11somekindofnewcontrolthe12willbeabletogoonwiththeirslaughter13.MembershipoftheIWCis14andthebanwasonlyeverintendedtobe15.Japanwhichhasbeenbuyingthevotesofnationswithnointerestinwhalingonlyinthe16Japanoffersinturnwillcontinuetopressitscasehavinginvestedmillionsofdollarsinits17.GeoffreyPalmerNewZealand’sCommissionerattheIWChasproposedayear-long18period.Inthemeantimemorewhaleswilldie. Westandatacrossroadforwhales.Weseethe19existenceoftheseanimalsasanindicatorofecologicalthreat.Assymbolsofanendangeredworldtheyevokeandprovokeafeelingthattheyhavethesamequalitiesashumanonascaleequaltotheirsizeandsupposed20.TosomethisissomuchsentimentalwordsintheNewAge. 9
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