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简述加里培林的智力技能形成阶段理论的要点。
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小学生在学习加法时需要利用小石子**.手指等完成计算活动依据加里培林儿童智力活动按阶段形成理论这种智
活动的定向阶段
无声的外部言语阶段
出声的外部言语阶段 这个我编的
物质活动或物质化活动阶段
王老师是一位刚参加工作的小学一年级数学老师她发现6~7岁的儿童已经能够很轻松地从1数到10所以认为教
简述加里培林的心智技能阶段理论
简述加里培林关于心智技能的形成阶段
我国的心智技能分阶段形成理论中的原型定向阶段相当于加里培林的
活动的定向阶段
物质或物质化阶段
出生的外部言语活动阶段
内部言语活动阶段
我国心理学家认为加里培林心智技能按阶段形成理论的后三个阶段在本质上是统一过程
加里培林心智技能形成的理论加里培林将心智技能的形成分成以下五个阶段1.活动的定向阶段;2.物质或物质
加里培林把智力技能的形成划分为五个阶段以下哪个不属于这五个阶段
活动的定向
物质活动或物质化活动
自动化
出声的外部言语活动
根据加里培林的心智技能形成阶段论学生的某类心智活动需要借助教具来操作表明该心智技能处于阶段
在我国关于心智技能形成的理论中原型操作相当于加里培林及其学派的著作中的无声的外部言语阶段
加里培林的心智动作按阶段形成理论
简述操作技能与智力技能的形成阶段
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Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
E Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays... Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawash本.文来.源于.贵州.学习.网www.gzu521.comingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmalladswhichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthehatchmatchanddispatchcolumnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
Pleasecallmeifhebacktomorrow.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
Thereisuandsintheworduse.
A WhereisLoveHowcanwefindLove Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.DescriptionslikePaleolithicManNeolithicManetc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.WhenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabelLeglessMan.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks. Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.ThetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysI’vebeenthere.YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayI’vebeenthere—meaningIdrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse. Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Whatdoesabird’seyeviewmean
在2008年北京奥运会上中国著名运动员刘翔因腿伤退出比赛引起本文来源于贵州学习网WWW.GZU521.COM人们的广泛争议下面是新浪网站的一项调查运动员受伤后应该坚持还是应该退出选项名称投票数百分比趋势应该退出健康比金钱重要22229234.77%上升运动场就是战场刘翔应该坚持12375219.36%上升请你结合上表写一篇英语短文谈谈自己的看法词数100左右
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
D Ranch.ItwasnearLosAngelesinCalifornia.AfewyearslaterHollywoodwasoneofthefamousplacesintheworld.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturytherewasabigfarmcalledHollywood.Fromthe1910’stothe1950’sHollywoodwasthefilmcenteroftheworld. Everyfamilyknewthenamesofitsfilmstars—CharlieChaplinGretaGarboBergmanandhundredsmore. ThereasonwhypeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmswasthesun.AtfirstpeoplemadefilmsinNewYorkontheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates. ButthentheyheardaboutLosAngeleswherethereare350daysofthesuneveryyear.Astheymadeallthefilmsbysunlightthewestcoastwasamuchbetterplacetowork.AlsonearHollywoodyoucanfindmountainsandseaanddesert.Theydidnothavetotravelfartomakeanykindoffilm. WhenTVbecamepopularHollywoodstartedmakingfilmsfortelevision.Theninthe1970’stheydiscoveredpeoplestillwenttothecinematoseebigexpensivefilms.NowadaystheyarestillmakingfilmsinHollywoodandpeopleseethemallovertheworld. PeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmsbecause.
—HowaboutyourtriptoHainan —Itcouldn’thavebeen.SometimesIwentswimminginthesea;sometimesIlayonthesand.
C WhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes. Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead. Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore. Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant. Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible. Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo. WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy HesaidOfcourseshedid. WellIjustdid!Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. Thestoryhappenedina.
C WhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes. Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead. Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore. Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant. Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible. Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo. WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy HesaidOfcourseshedid. WellIjustdid!Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. TheunderlinedwordincrediblemostprobablymeansinChinese.
Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingoroffersuchdeepinsightintohumannature.
A WhereisLoveHowcanwefindLove Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.DescriptionslikePaleolithicManNeolithicManetc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.WhenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabelLeglessMan.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks. Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.ThetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysI’vebeenthere.YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayI’vebeenthere—meaningIdrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse. Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Anthropologistslabelnowadays’menLeglessbecause.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
E Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays... Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawash本.文来.源于.贵州.学习.网www.gzu521.comingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmalladswhichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthehatchmatchanddispatchcolumnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Thepassageis.
B Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemadeit’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.ButareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustifiedAreweanylessbloodthirstyWhydoboxingmatchesforinstanceattractsuchuniversalinterestDon’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolenceHumanbeingsremainasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalivewefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousassaypublichangingsorbearbaiting. Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbullfightingthatwe[此资料转贴于GZU521学习网]www.Gzu521.comshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingringthatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkofthesportingspiritissheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchforinstanceisfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence. WhyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuchYoumaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmenbeingcoopedupincagesorpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimprovedbutbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsportswewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings. Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage
A WhereisLoveHowcanwefindLove Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.DescriptionslikePaleolithicManNeolithicManetc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.WhenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabelLeglessMan.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks. Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.ThetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysI’vebeenthere.YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayI’vebeenthere—meaningIdrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse. Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Whydoestheauthorsaywearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes
D Ranch.ItwasnearLosAngelesinCalifornia.AfewyearslaterHollywoodwasoneofthefamousplacesintheworld.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturytherewasabigfarmcalledHollywood.Fromthe1910’stothe1950’sHollywoodwasthefilmcenteroftheworld. Everyfamilyknewthenamesofitsfilmstars—CharlieChaplinGretaGarboBergmanandhundredsmore. ThereasonwhypeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmswasthesun.AtfirstpeoplemadefilmsinNewYorkontheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates. ButthentheyheardaboutLosAngeleswherethereare350daysofthesuneveryyear.Astheymadeallthefilmsbysunlightthewestcoastwasamuchbetterplacetowork.AlsonearHollywoodyoucanfindmountainsandseaanddesert.Theydidnothavetotravelfartomakeanykindoffilm. WhenTVbecamepopularHollywoodstartedmakingfilmsfortelevision.Theninthe1970’stheydiscoveredpeoplestillwenttothecinematoseebigexpensivefilms.NowadaystheyarestillmakingfilmsinHollywoodandpeopleseethemallovertheworld. Inthe1910’sHollywoodbecamea.
B Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemadeit’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.ButareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustifiedAreweanylessbloodthirstyWhydoboxingmatchesforinstanceattractsuchuniversalinterestDon’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolenceHumanbeingsremainasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalivewefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousassaypublichangingsorbearbaiting. Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbullfightingthatwe[此资料转贴于GZU521学习网]www.Gzu521.comshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingringthatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkofthesportingspiritissheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchforinstanceisfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence. WhyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuchYoumaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmenbeingcoopedupincagesorpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimprovedbutbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsportswewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings. Themainideaofthispassageis.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
Hecouldn’truntocatchthebus.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
C WhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes. Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead. Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore. Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant. Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible. Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo. WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy HesaidOfcourseshedid. WellIjustdid!Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. WhatdoesthesentenceWellIjustdid!mean
Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchisfrontpagenews.
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways16youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly17friendsleavefootprints脚印. Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe18.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend. Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves19withthecool20.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves21tothesoundofthem. Autumnisa22seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme23.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin24intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas25inplayingherviolin. Ihad26seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen27thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher. Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding28Iw资:料;来/源于GZU521学:习;网http://Gzu521.COmentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame29.30wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme. Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly31.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome. Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.shesaid. Yes.Andyouplayverywell.WhydidyoustopIasked. Suddenlya32expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual. IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat33me.shesaid. Infactitwasyourplaying34gavemeameaningfulautumnIansweredLetsbefriends. ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea35—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful.
E Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays... Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawash本.文来.源于.贵州.学习.网www.gzu521.comingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities. Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmalladswhichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthehatchmatchanddispatchcolumnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
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