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下图甲、乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图。请据图回答： 甲图中⑨的生理作用是（）。
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下图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答 若甲细胞是西瓜果肉细胞则糖类主要
下图甲是反射弧的结构模式图乙是甲图中某一结构的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答对信息进行分析和综合并产生新
如图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答图中所示的结构中由核膜细胞器膜和填编号等结
下图甲左边的图示示反射弧的结构模式图图乙右边的图示是甲图中某一结构的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答图乙是
下图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答 如果将这两种细胞分别放人蒸馏水中
如图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答细胞内表面积最大的膜结构是填编号
如图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答根据图甲具有填结构名称而图乙具有填结构名称
如图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答图中结构①的主要成分是和若要制备细胞膜通常
下图甲是反射弧的结构模式图图乙是甲图中某一结构的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答图甲中的填字母组成反射弧图
下图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答 如果乙图所示的细胞是豚鼠的胰腺腺
如图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答研究细胞内各种细胞器的组成成分和功能需要将
纸层析法
沉淀法
差速离心法
密度离心法
下图甲示反射弧的结构模式图图乙是甲图中某一结构的亚显微结构模式图据图回答图乙是图甲中填字母的亚显微结
下图甲示反射弧相关结构图乙是图甲中某一结构的亚显微结构模式图请分析回答乙图是甲图中填字母的亚显微结构
如图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答与分泌蛋白的合成和分泌有关的细胞器是填编号
下图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答 乙图中⑩的生理作用是
下图甲示缩手反射相关结构图乙是图甲中某一结构的亚显微结构模式图请分析回答甲图中a表示的结构是乙图是甲
如图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答使细胞保持一定的渗透压保持膨胀状态的是填结
下图甲乙分别是两类高等生物细胞的亚显微结构模式图请据图回答 甲图中⑨的生理作用是
下图甲表示缩手反射相关结构图乙是图甲中某一结构的亚显微结构模式图请分析回答甲图是反射弧的模式图ac表
下图甲示动物某一结构模式图图乙是图甲中某一结构的亚显微结构模式图请分析回答乙图是甲图中d填字母的亚显
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Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlifeeducatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanysciencetoaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworldor—independentofanycourse—simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceiswhoscientistsareandwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inadditionreadersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbutratherpartofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontributionshoweverwearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexistonethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbiaswehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleandWhenabsolutelynecessaryalternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingidealbutitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeelasdomanyotherscientiststhatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserveweseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho______.
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPhDs.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswashoweverlargelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropoutswhilenotcompletingthePhDrequirementwentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinanciallybutaccordingtothereportarenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.DiscussingthestudylastweekDr.TuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiatedbecauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPhDprogramswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePhDlevelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePhD.TheresultsofourresearchDr.Tuckerconcludeddidnotsupporttheseopinions.1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout:2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecisionbutthosewhomentionedtheacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexaminationuncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPhDprogramlackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoingachartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePhD’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePhD’sshoneinthe$7500to$15000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.ThismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfieldswherethePhD’stendtorisetothehighestsalariesarestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampustheoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtothegraduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePhD______.
Thelawsaysthatwomenshouldhavethechanceofdoingthesamejobsasmenandearnthesameasthem.Therealityisverydifferent.Womenlosebecause25yearsaftertheEqualPayActmanyofthemstillgetpaidlessthanmen.Theylosebecausetheydolower-paidjobswhichmenjustwon’tconsider.Andtheylosebecausetheyaretheoneswhointerruptacareertohavechildren.AllthisisreportedinanindependentstudyorderedbytheGovernment’sWomen’sUnite.Thebiggestproblemisn’tequalpayinworkplacessuchasfactories.Itisasortofworkwomendo.Makealistofthelow-paidjobsthenconsiderwhodoesthem.Trynursessecretariescleanersclerksteachersinprimaryschoolsdinnerladiesandchildcarehelpers.NotalotofmenamongthatgrouparethereYetsomeofthosejobsarereallyimportant.Surelynoonewoulddenythataboutnursesandteachersforastart.SowhydowerewardthepeoplewhodothemsopoorlyTherecanbeonlyoneanswer—becausetheyarewomen.Thisisnotgoingtobeputrightovernight.ButtheGovernmentwhichemploysalotofthemandotherbosseshavetomakeastart.Itisdisgraceful可耻的thatwehavegoneintothe21stCenturybutstilltreatwomenassecond-classcitizens.WhenthewritersaysThisisnotgoingtobeputrightovernighthemeans______.
______didwegoswimmingintheChangjiangRiver．
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
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—IwonderwhyMaryissounfriendlytous.—Sheis______thanunfriendlyI'mafraid.
EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPhDs.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswashoweverlargelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropoutswhilenotcompletingthePhDrequirementwentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinanciallybutaccordingtothereportarenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.DiscussingthestudylastweekDr.TuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiatedbecauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPhDprogramswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePhDlevelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePhD.TheresultsofourresearchDr.Tuckerconcludeddidnotsupporttheseopinions.1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout:2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecisionbutthosewhomentionedtheacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexaminationuncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPhDprogramlackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoingachartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePhD’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePhD’sshoneinthe$7500to$15000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.ThismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfieldswherethePhD’stendtorisetothehighestsalariesarestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampustheoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtothegraduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.Theauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthat______.
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
Iwishit______finetomorrow．
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
遗忘
Anewsetofbrainimagesshows:ReadingtheRomanalphabetsandChinesecharactersusesdifferentpartsofthebrain.TheresultsalsosuggestthatChineseschoolchildrenhavereadingproblemsinadifferentpartofthebrainusedinreadingalphabet-basedlanguages.Thisshowsthatthelearningdisorderdyslexiainabilitytoreadproperlyisnotthesameinverycultureanddoesnothaveauniversalbiologicalcause.Scientistsdescribedtheresultsasveryimportantandrevolutionary.WhiledyslexiahascertaincommonrootstheysaidtheynowhavesomeproofthatthiskindoffunctionalproblemworksdifferentlyaccordingtothedifferentdemandsthatWesternandEasternlanguagesplaceonthebrain.Dyslexiaisacommondevelopmentaldisorderinwhichpeopleofnormalintelligencehavedifficultylearningtoreadspellandmasterotherlanguageskills.Theresultssuggestthattreatingdyslexiaaroundtheworldprobablywillrequiredifferenttreatments.ReadingiscomplexsaidGuinevereEdenGeorgetownUniversityprofessor.Thisshowsweneedtobemoreopen-mindedaboutdiversetreatmentapproaches.Itsoriginsarecomplex.Thereappearstobeageneticaspecttotheillness.Italsomayresultfrombraininjurybeforebirththatchangesvisualandhearingpathwaysinthebrain.EarlierbrainscansshowthatEnglish-readingdyslexicsdon’tfunctionproperlyinaleftpartofthebrainassociatedwiththeawarenessof44soundsfromtheEnglishalphabets.HoweveraccordingtothenewstudyreadingChineseusessomedifferentpartsofthebrainlocatedintheleft-frontofthebrain.Itisassociatedwithsymbolinterpretation.UnlikealphabetlettersChinesecharactersrepresententirethoughtsandphysicalobjects.TitleDyslexiaDefinitionalearning56inwhichpeopleofaverageIQfindit57tolearntoreadandacquireotherlanguageskillsOriginsGeneticcausesorbrain58beforebirthwhichaffects59andhearingabilitiesFindingoftheearlierstudy60readingdyslexicsdon’tfunctionproperlyinaleftpartofthebrainDiscoveryofthenewstudyReadingChineseusesthe61partofthebrainConclusionReadingRomanalphabetsandreadingChinesecharactersplacedifferent62onthebrain.Dyslexiaisnotthesameinevery63anddoesnothavethesame64roots.65Dyslexianeedstobetreatedindifferentways
Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlifeeducatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanysciencetoaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworldor—independentofanycourse—simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceiswhoscientistsareandwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inadditionreadersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbutratherpartofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontributionshoweverwearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexistonethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbiaswehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleandWhenabsolutelynecessaryalternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingidealbutitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeelasdomanyotherscientiststhatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserveweseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.Thispassagemostprobablyis______.
EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPhDs.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswashoweverlargelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwasbasedon22000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Thedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percentandinmostcasesthedropoutswhilenotcompletingthePhDrequirementwentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinanciallybutaccordingtothereportarenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.DiscussingthestudylastweekDr.TuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiatedbecauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPhDprogramswerecapableofcompletingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePhDlevelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePhD.TheresultsofourresearchDr.Tuckerconcludeddidnotsupporttheseopinions.1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout:2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecisionbutthosewhomentionedtheacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexaminationuncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPhDprogramlackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoingachartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePhD’swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePhD’sshoneinthe$7500to$15000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.ThismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfieldswherethePhD’stendtorisetothehighestsalariesarestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampustheoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtothegraduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.Itcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesin______.
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed．
______mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice．
She______anovellastmonthbutIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.
Thepolicefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135000demonstratorsconfrontedthepoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaidthattheprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedareawouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebayandhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelawhesaid.Andthepolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughthepolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.TheycarriedplacardsthatreadNoNukesisGoodNukesSunpowerNotNuclearPowerandStopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbythepolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadbeenpreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallythegas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistthepolicebutrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassemblytrespassinganddisturbingthepeace.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
—CanIgetthehousecheaper—Sorryit's______mypowertosellitanycheaper.
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlifeeducatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanysciencetoaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworldor—independentofanycourse—simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceiswhoscientistsareandwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inadditionreadersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbutratherpartofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontributionshoweverwearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexistonethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbiaswehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleandWhenabsolutelynecessaryalternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingidealbutitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeelasdomanyotherscientiststhatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserveweseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.Accordingtothepassagescientificsubculturemeans______.
Thepolicefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135000demonstratorsconfrontedthepoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaidthattheprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedareawouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebayandhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelawhesaid.Andthepolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughthepolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.TheycarriedplacardsthatreadNoNukesisGoodNukesSunpowerNotNuclearPowerandStopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbythepolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadbeenpreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallythegas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistthepolicebutrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassemblytrespassinganddisturbingthepeace.Whohadgasmasks
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
Writethearticle.Runforclasses.Haven’tfinishedthereadings.Housecleaning.Assignmentto16intwohours.Outofbreathtimeandstilllate.That’sbeenmeforthepastthreeweeks.Andthenyesterdayasmyfingers17hitthekeyboardI18tolookoutside.ThroughthehalfopenblindsofmykitchenwindowIcaughtthebrightglow光线ofsunshine19throughthefreshlycleanedairandshining20theyellow-greenleavesofatree.Itcouldhavebeenthefourdaysofcontinualrainandgraygloomyskiesormyownself21endlessactivity.Idon’tknowwhatitwas22Ijustsattherelookingatthedancingsunrays.Nota23inmyhead.Nocrowdedfeelingsofapproachingworkorpeopleorevenfriends.Justwatching.Ifeltmybody24.Andafteralongtime...feltcalm.Thebreakpassed.Iwentbacktomy25.Butsomethingabouttherhythmoftheday26Itwasthedifferencebetweenrushingtocatchthebusandridingonyourownhorse.LaterthateveningI27howwe’dcometoinhabit居住aplacewhererestandmomentsofpeaceweremeanstobe28.Ifyouweren’ttiredoutoverworkedorwellnear29—youdidn’t30toenjoymomentsofpeace.31meofthepoemLeisurewrittenbyW.H.Daviesintheearly20thcentury.ItismoreMore32todaythaneverbefore.Notimetostandbeneaththeboughs树干Andstareaslongassheepandcows.NotimetoseethewoodswepassWheresquirrelshidetheirnutsingrass.Andthenwe’re33astowhyasacreaturewe’resoupset.Ifwecan’tbe34withourselveshowcanwehopetofindacommon35wecaninhabitwithothersⅡ．完形填空/Cloze
Thelawsaysthatwomenshouldhavethechanceofdoingthesamejobsasmenandearnthesameasthem.Therealityisverydifferent.Womenlosebecause25yearsaftertheEqualPayActmanyofthemstillgetpaidlessthanmen.Theylosebecausetheydolower-paidjobswhichmenjustwon’tconsider.Andtheylosebecausetheyaretheoneswhointerruptacareertohavechildren.AllthisisreportedinanindependentstudyorderedbytheGovernment’sWomen’sUnite.Thebiggestproblemisn’tequalpayinworkplacessuchasfactories.Itisasortofworkwomendo.Makealistofthelow-paidjobsthenconsiderwhodoesthem.Trynursessecretariescleanersclerksteachersinprimaryschoolsdinnerladiesandchildcarehelpers.NotalotofmenamongthatgrouparethereYetsomeofthosejobsarereallyimportant.Surelynoonewoulddenythataboutnursesandteachersforastart.SowhydowerewardthepeoplewhodothemsopoorlyTherecanbeonlyoneanswer—becausetheyarewomen.Thisisnotgoingtobeputrightovernight.ButtheGovernmentwhichemploysalotofthemandotherbosseshavetomakeastart.Itisdisgraceful可耻的thatwehavegoneintothe21stCenturybutstilltreatwomenassecond-classcitizens.Wecanlearnfromthetextwhattheproblemreallymattersis______.
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