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(41)Conflicts: If you do get a place in the student dormitory, it is likely that you will have ...
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HowtoLivePeacefullywithYourParentsAsateenyouaregoi
—TheconflictsbetweenNorthandSouthKoreacallfortalks
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HowtoLivePeacefullywithYourParents?Asateenyouarego
MakingPeacewithYourParentsAsateenyouaregoingthroug
MakingPeacewithYourParentsAsateenyou’regoingthroug
Itisnecessarytobereasonableandflexibleenoughtoavoi
Aconflictatworkiscommon.Ifyoucanavoidconflictitmea
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Itisnecessarytobereasonableandflexibleenoughtoavoi
Aconflictatworkiscommon.Ifyoucanavoidconflictitmea
Aconflictatworkiscommon.Ifyoucanavoidconflictitmea
Wecanhaveconflictswithourimportantpersonslikefrien
MakingPeacewithYourParentsAsateenyou'regoingthroug
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MakingPeacewithYourParentsAsateenyou’regoingthroug
Itisnecessarytobereasonableandflexibleenoughtoavoi
Peopleoftendon'tdowhattheyreallywanttoforfearoffai
Accordingtotheauthor______.
sometimes managers can take advantage of conflicts
the third party in the conflict should always be fair
in conflict, you can always tell which party is right and which is wrong
the manager must settle all kinds of conflicts as quickly as he can
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Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingaboutyouthisthatitiswastedontheyoung.ReadingarecentnewspaperreportonasurveyconductedamongcollegefreshmenIrecalledtheregret "IfonlyIknewthenwhatIknownow." ThesurveydisclosedwhatIhadalreadysuspectedfrominformalpollsofstudents.Accordingtothesurveywhichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188000studentstoday’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare"morematerialisticandlessaltruistic". 41.______.Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.Interestinteachingsocialserviceandthe"altruistic"fieldsisatalowalongwithethnicandwomen’sstudies.Ontheotherhandenrollmentinbusinessprogramsengineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup. 42.______. FranklyI’mproudoftheyoungladynotherattitudebuthersuccess.Butwhycan’twehaveitbothwaysCan’tweeducatepeopleforlifeaswellasforacareerIbelievewecan.Ifwe’renotthenthatisafaultofoureducationalsystem--elementarysecondaryandhigher.Inatimeofincreasingspecializationatimewhen90percentofallthescientistswhohaveeverlivedarecurrentlyalivemorethaneverweneedtoknowwhatistrulyimportantinlife. 43.______. Mostofusfinallycometorealizethatqualityoflifeisnotentirelydeterminedbyhowmuchweearn.Sureeveryonewantstobefinanciallycomfortablebutwealsowanttofeelthatwehaveaperspectiveontheworldbeyondtheconfinesofouroccupation;wewanttobeabletorenderservicetoourfellowmanandtotheworld. 44.______. Itisequallytruethatinstudyingthediversewisdomofotherswelearnhowtothink.Moreimportantperhapseducationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthingsaswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds. 45.______. Inthelongrunthat’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.AndIthinkitcanbe.That’sthewayitshouldbe.OscarWildehaditrightwhenhesaidthatweoughttogiveourabilitytoourworkbutourgeniustoourlives.Let’shopeoureducatorsanswerthestudentscriesforcareereducationbutatthesametimelet’sensurethatthestudentsarepreparedforthedaywhentheyrealizetheirfolly.There’salotmoretolifethanajob. [A]Academicemphasisoncompetitionrationalityandexternalsacknowledgesonlyonekindofknowing.Itmakesstudentsdevaluetheirinnerselvesorlargersocialpurposes. [B]Notsurprisinginthesehardtimesthestudent’smajorobjective"istobefinanciallywelloff."Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife. [C]Educationmustmeettheneedsofthehumanspirit.Itmustassiststudentstodevelopasatisfactorypersonalphilosophyandsenseofvalues;tocultivatetastesforliteraturemusicandthearts;togrowinabilitytoanalyzeproblemsandarriveatthoughtfulconclusions. [D]That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmineasalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompanywasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearonthejob.Andthatwasfouryearsago;Shemustbeearningmuchmorenow. [E]Mostpeoplesomewherebetweentheagesof30and50finallyarriveattheinevitableconclusionthattheycoulddomorethanservingacorporationagovernmentagencyorwhatever. [F]Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheagesweimproveourmoralsense. [G]Whileit’struethatweallneedacareerpreferablyaprofitableoneitisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge--beitscientificorartistic. 42
"Youarenotheretotellmewhattodo.YouareheretotellmewhyIhavedonewhatIhavealreadydecidedtodo"MontaguNormantheBankofEngland’slongest-servinggovernor1920-1944isreputedtohaveoncetoldhiseconomicadviser.Todaythankfullycentralbanksaimtobemoretransparentintheirdecisionmakingaswellasmorerational.Butachievingeitherofthesethingsisnotalwayseasy.WiththemostlaudableofintentionstheFederalReserveAmerica’scentralbankmaybeabouttotakeastepthatcouldbackfire. UnliketheFedmanyothercentralbankshavelongdeclaredexplicitinflationtargetsandthensetinterestratestotrytomeetthese.SomeeconomistshavearguedthattheFedshoulddothesame.WithAlanGreenspantheFed’smuch-respectedchairmanduetoretirenextyear-afteramere18yearsinthejob-someFedofficialswanttoadoptatargetpresumablytomaintainthecentralbank’scredibilityinthescarynewpost-Greenspanera.TheFeddiscussedsuchatargetatitsFebruarymeetingaccordingtominutespublishedthisweek.Thissoundsencouraging.HowevertheFedisconsideringtheideajustwhensomeothercentralbanksarebeginningtoquestionwhetherstrictinflationtargetingreallyworks. Atpresentcentra1banksfocusalmostexclusivelyonconsumer-priceindices.OnthismeasureMr.Greenspancanboastthatinflationremainsundercontrol.Butsomecentralbankersnowarguethatthepricesofassetssuchashousesandsharesshouldalsosomehowbetakenintoaccount.AbroadpriceindexforAmericawhichincludeshousepricesiscurrentlyrunningat5.5%itsfastestpacesince1982.Inflationhassimplytakenadifferentform. ShouldcentralbanksalsotrytocurbincreasesinsuchassetpricesMr.Greenspancontinuestoinsistthatmonetarypolicyshouldnotbeusedtoprickasset-pricebubbles.Identifyingbubblesisdifficultexceptinretrospecthesaysandinterestratesareabluntweapon:anincreasebigenoughtohaltrisingpricescouldtriggerarecession.Itisbetterhesaystowaitforahousingorstockmarketbubbletoburstandthentocushiontheeconomybycuttinginterestrates-ashedidin2001-2002. Andyettheriskisnotjustthatassetpricescangoswiftlyintoreverse.Aswithtraditionalinflationsurgingassetpricesalsodistortpricesignalsandsocancauseamisallocationofresources-encouragingtoolittlesavingforexampleortoomuchinvestmentinhousing.Surginghousepricesmaythereforeargueforhigherinterestratesthanconventionalinflationwoulddemand.Inotherwordsstrictinflationtargeting-thefadofthe1990s-istoocrude. Whichofthefollowingswouldbethebesttitleforthetext
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 16
ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonaledbyTeresaCumminsconductedanexploratorystudyontheonlinelearningmodulesdesignedtosupplementhands-onclassestaughtbylocalexpertsandsupportedbyanoverviewtexttohelpusersincreasetheirunderstandingofkeyconceptsintheArizonaMasterWatershedStewardprogram.Theyalsosoughttodeterminewhetherprogramparticipantswouldusethenon-compulsorymodules. Theirevaluationrevealedthatmoduleusersincreasedtheirunderstandingofkeywatershedconcepts;participantsintheevaluationdemonstrateda30percentincreaseincontentknowledgefollowingmoduleuse.Additionally70percentofparticipantsretainedthisknowledgethroughatwo-monthfollow-uptest. Afollow-upsurveyshowedthatapproximatelyhalfoftheparticipantsreturnedtotheonlinemodulesontheirown;severaloftheseusersreturnedseveraltimesandspentmultiplehourspersession.Commentsfromthefollow-upsurveysuggestedthattheusersaccessedthesiteeitherastheyhadthetimeorastheyneededtheinformation. Onlineusagestatisticsindicatedparticipantscontinuedtovisitthesiteformanymonthsfollowingthemodules’releaseandadvertisement.Thoughmanyvisitswereverybriefasinglepageview;onlyacoupleofsecondsvisitorswithmanyreturnstothesiteand/orlongvisitsappearedtobeworkingthroughthemodules. Oneparticipantstated"Mybraincanonlyholdsomuchinformation;themoduleskeepinformationon-hand."Otherparticipantscommentedthatthemoduleswere"moreinterestingandinteractive"thanthetextmaterialanda"veryeffectivetool"and"agreatresourcetotheMasterWatershedStewardcommunity." TheArizonaMasterWatershedStewardprogramsponsoredbyUniversityofArizonapreparesadultstoserveasvolunteersintheconservationofwaterresourcesandtheprotectionrestorationandmonitoringoftheirwatersheds.Themoduleswereintendedtoreinforceconceptscoveredinclassesandfurtherengageparticipantsinthelearningprocess. Onekeyfindingwasthatthemoduleswerenotclearlypreferredbyusersoverin-personinstruction.Oneparticipantstated"Formetheyarejustanotheravenueforlearningasupplementoradditionalreference.Ipreferinpersonandrealhands-onlearning."Otherparticipantssimilarlyexpressedtheirdesireforhands-onandface-to-faceinteraction.Severalparticipantsnotedthattheusefulnessofin-personlectures—wasafunctionofthepresenter. Overalltheexploratoryevaluationindicatedthatthemoduleswereawelcomesupplementtothecourseandwereeffectiveinreinforcingkeyconcepts.Participantsretainedknowledgeforseveralweeksalthoughsincesubjectswereself-selectedtheymayhavebeenself-motivatedtopayattentionandmastertheonlinemodulematerials. "Iamconstantlysearchingfornewwaystoeducateourprogram’sdiverseaudiencesandreinforcewatershedscienceconcepts"saysCandiceRupprechtstatecoordinatorfortheMasterWatershedStewardprogram."Iamexcitedtoknowthatonlinelearningmodulescanenhanceourprogrambyofferingadditionalindependentlearningopportunitiesforourvolunteers. Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout
41______ Throughlazinessandcowardicealargepartofmankindevenafternaturehasfreedthemfromalienguidancegladlyremainimmature.ItisbecauseoflazinessandcowardicethatitissoeasyforotherstousurptheroleofguardiansItissocomfortabletobeaminor!IfIhaveabookwhichprovidesmeaningformeadoctorwhowilljudgemydietformeandsoonthenIdonotneedtoexertmyself.Idonothaveanyneedtothink;ifIcanpayotherswilltakeoverthetediousjobforme.Theguardianswhohavekindlyundertakenthesupervisionwillseetoitthatbyfarthelargestpartofmankindincludingtheentire"beautifulsex"shouldconsiderthestepintomaturitynotonlyasdifficultbutasverydangerous. 42______ Itisdifficultfortheisolatedindividualtoworkhimselfoutoftheimmaturitywhichhasbecomealmostnaturalforhim.Hehasevenbecomefondofitandforthetimebeingisincapableofemployinghisownintelligencebecausehehasneverbeenallowedtomaketheattempt.Statuesandformulasthesemechanicaltoolsofaserviceableuseorrathermisuseofhisnaturalfacultiesaretheankle-chainsofacontinuousimmaturity.Whoeverthrewitoffwouldmakeanuncertainjumpoverthesmallesttrenchbecauseheisnotaccustomedtosuchfreemovement.Thereforethereareonlyafewwhohavepursuedafirmpathandhavesucceededinescapingfromimmaturitybytheirowncultivationofthemind. Butitismorenearlypossibleforapublictoenlightenitself:thisiseveninescapableifonlythepublicisgivenitsfreedom.Fortherewillalwaysbesomepeoplewhothinkforthemselvesevenamongtheself-appointedguardiansofthegreatmasswhoafterhavingthrownofftheyokeofimmaturitythemselveswillspreadaboutthemthespiritofareasonableestimateoftheirownvalueandoftheneedforeverymantothinkforhimself. 43______. Throughrevolutiontheabandonmentofpersonaldespotismmaybeengenderedandtheendofprofit-seekinganddomineeringoppressionmayoccurbutneveratruereformofthestateofmind.Insteadnewprejudicesjustliketheoldoneswillserveastheguidingreinsofthegreatunthinkingmass.44______. ButIhearpeopleclamoronallsides:Don’targue!Theofficersays:Don’targuedrill!Thetaxcollector:Don’targuepay!Thepastor:Don’targuebelieve!...Herewehaverestrictionsonfreedomeverywhere.WhichrestrictionishamperingenlightenmentandwhichdoesnotorevenpromotesitIanswer;Thepublicuseofaman’sreasonmustbefreeatalltimesandthisalonecanbringenlightenmentamongmen. Thequestionmaynowbeput:Doweliveatpresentinanenlightenedage’ 45______. [A]Allthatisrequiredforthisenlightenmentisfreedom;andparticularlytheleastharmfulofthatmaybecalledfreedomnamelythefreedomformantomakepublicuseofhisreasoninallmatters. [B]Enlightenmentisman’sleavinghisself-causedimmaturity.Immaturityistheincapacitytouseone’sintelligencewithouttheguidanceofanother.Suchimmaturityisself-causedifitisnotcausedbylackofintelligencebutbylackofdeterminationandcouragetouseone’sintelligencewithoutbeingguidedbyanother.Havethecouragetouseyourownintelligence!ItisthereforethemottooftheEnlightenment. [C]Theansweris:Nobutinanageofenlightenment.Muchstillpreventsmenfrombeingplacedinapositiontousetheirownmindssecurelyandwellinmattersofreligion.Butwedohaveverydefiniteindicationsthatthisfieldofendeavorisbeingopenedupformentoworkfreelyandreducegraduallythehindrancespreventingageneralenlightenmentandanescapefromself-causedimmaturity. [D]Icallthissoaringwealthandshrinkingspirit"theAmericanparadox."Morethaneverwehavebighousesandbrokenhomeshighincomesandlowmoralesecuredrightsanddiminishedcivility.Weexcelatmakingalivingbutoftenfailatmakingalife.Wecelebrateourprosperitybutyearnforpurpose.Wecelebrateourfreedomsbutlongforconnection.Inanageofplentywefeelspiritualhunger. [E]Apubliccanonlyarriveatenlightenmentslowly. [F]Afterhavingmadetheirdomesticanimalsdumbandhavingcarefullypreventedthesequietcreaturesfromdaringtotakeanystepbeyondthelead-stringstowhichtheyhavefastenedthemtheseguardiansthenshowthemthedangerwhichthreatensthemshouldtheyattempttowalkalone.Nowthisdangerisnotreallysoverygreat;fortheywouldpresumablylearntowalkaftersomestumbling.Howeveranexampleofthiskindintimidatesandfrightenspeopleoutofallfurtherattempts. [G]Attitudesaboutdivorcehavedramaticallychanged.Inthepastitwasseenasthelastresortofawomanwhohadbeenbeatenuporcheatedon.Womenwerevictims.Todaymanywomenchoose’togetdivorcedbecausetheythinktheywillhaveabetterlifeasaSINDIthanbystayinginastalemarriage.In74percentofeasesitiswomenwhonowinstigatedivorceproceedings. 42
HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrusselsdinnerparty.SimplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromtheG20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats.ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newlyfashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboastingaboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnotgreatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywasmeanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChiracarisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyusheringina“multipolarworld”inwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeantkow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedowncriticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedoncommercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldendwithflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnewChinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanytheleadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandotherwidgets. AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.SomearewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritainSwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.ThatmakesthemhostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinesecheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed“accommodatingmercantilists”bytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeignRelationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:ButthatmakesthemanxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpoliticalissues. TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfindthemselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimisthatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsiblestakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweaveChinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007nofewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceandBritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheirinterestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational“dialogues”withChinaonclimatechangeforexample. WhatisEuropeanfearofirrelevance
InPlato’sUtopiaherearethreeclasses:thecommonpeoplethesoldiersandtheguardianschosenbythelegislator.ThemainproblemasPlatoperceivesistoinsurethattheguardiansshallcarryouttheintentionofthelegislator.Forthispurposethefirstthingheproposesiseducation. Educationisdividedintotwopartsmusicandgymnastics.46Eachhasawidermeaningthanatpresent:“music”meanseverythingthatisintheprovinceofthemusesand“gymnastics”meanseverythingconcernedwithphysicaltrainingfitness.“Music”isalmostaswideaswhatisnowcalled“culture”and“gymnastics”issomewhatwiderthanwhat“athletics”meaninthemodernsense. CultureistobedevotedtomakingmengentlemeninthesensewhichlargelyowingtoPlatoisfamiliarinEngland.TheAthensofhisdaywasinonerespectanalogoustoEnglandinthenineteenthcentury:47therewasineachanaristocracyenjoyingwealthandsocialprestigebuthavingnomonopolyofpoliticalpower;andineachthearistocracyhadtosecureasmuchpowerasitcouldbymeansofimpressivebehavior.InPlato’sUtopiahoweverthearistocracyrulesunchecked. Gravitydecorumandcourageseemtobethequalitiesmainlytobecultivatedineducation.48Thereistobearigidcensorshipfromveryearlyyearsovertheliteraturetowhichtheyounghaveaccessandthemusictheyareallowedtohear.Mothersandnursesaretotelltheirchildrenonlyauthorizedstories.Alsothereisacensorshipofmusic.TheLydianandIonianharmoniesaretobeforbiddenthefirstbecauseitexpressessorrowthesecondbecauseitisrelaxed.49OnlytheDorianforcourageandthePhrygianfortemperancearetobeallowedandpermissiblerhythmsmustbesimpleandsuchasareexpressiveofacourageousandharmoniouslife. Asforgymnasticsthetrainingofthebodyistobeveryaustere.Nooneistoeatfishormeatcookedotherwisethanroastedandtheremustbenosaucesorcandies.Peoplebroughtuponhisregimenhesayswillhavenoneedofdoctors.Gymnasticsappliestothetrainingofmindaswell.Uptoacertainagetheyoungaretoseenouglinessorvice.50Butatasuitablemomenttheymustbeexposedto“enchantments”bothintheshapeofterrorsthatmustnotterrifyandofbadpleasuresthatmustnotseducethewill.Onlyaftertheyhavewithstoodthesetestswilltheybejudgedfittobeguardians. 50Butatasuitablemomenttheymustbeexposedtoenchantmentsbothintheshapeofterrorsthatmustnotterrifyandofbadpleasuresthatmustnotseducethewill.
InPlato’sUtopiaherearethreeclasses:thecommonpeoplethesoldiersandtheguardianschosenbythelegislator.ThemainproblemasPlatoperceivesistoinsurethattheguardiansshallcarryouttheintentionofthelegislator.Forthispurposethefirstthingheproposesiseducation. Educationisdividedintotwopartsmusicandgymnastics.46Eachhasawidermeaningthanatpresent:“music”meanseverythingthatisintheprovinceofthemusesand“gymnastics”meanseverythingconcernedwithphysicaltrainingfitness.“Music”isalmostaswideaswhatisnowcalled“culture”and“gymnastics”issomewhatwiderthanwhat“athletics”meaninthemodernsense. CultureistobedevotedtomakingmengentlemeninthesensewhichlargelyowingtoPlatoisfamiliarinEngland.TheAthensofhisdaywasinonerespectanalogoustoEnglandinthenineteenthcentury:47therewasineachanaristocracyenjoyingwealthandsocialprestigebuthavingnomonopolyofpoliticalpower;andineachthearistocracyhadtosecureasmuchpowerasitcouldbymeansofimpressivebehavior.InPlato’sUtopiahoweverthearistocracyrulesunchecked. Gravitydecorumandcourageseemtobethequalitiesmainlytobecultivatedineducation.48Thereistobearigidcensorshipfromveryearlyyearsovertheliteraturetowhichtheyounghaveaccessandthemusictheyareallowedtohear.Mothersandnursesaretotelltheirchildrenonlyauthorizedstories.Alsothereisacensorshipofmusic.TheLydianandIonianharmoniesaretobeforbiddenthefirstbecauseitexpressessorrowthesecondbecauseitisrelaxed.49OnlytheDorianforcourageandthePhrygianfortemperancearetobeallowedandpermissiblerhythmsmustbesimpleandsuchasareexpressiveofacourageousandharmoniouslife. Asforgymnasticsthetrainingofthebodyistobeveryaustere.Nooneistoeatfishormeatcookedotherwisethanroastedandtheremustbenosaucesorcandies.Peoplebroughtuponhisregimenhesayswillhavenoneedofdoctors.Gymnasticsappliestothetrainingofmindaswell.Uptoacertainagetheyoungaretoseenouglinessorvice.50Butatasuitablemomenttheymustbeexposedto“enchantments”bothintheshapeofterrorsthatmustnotterrifyandofbadpleasuresthatmustnotseducethewill.Onlyaftertheyhavewithstoodthesetestswilltheybejudgedfittobeguardians. 46Eachhasawidermeaningthanatpresent:musicmeanseverythingthatisintheprovinceofthemusesandgymnasticsmeanseverythingconcernedwithphysicaltrainingfitness.
"Youarenotheretotellmewhattodo.YouareheretotellmewhyIhavedonewhatIhavealreadydecidedtodo"MontaguNormantheBankofEngland’slongest-servinggovernor1920-1944isreputedtohaveoncetoldhiseconomicadviser.Todaythankfullycentralbanksaimtobemoretransparentintheirdecisionmakingaswellasmorerational.Butachievingeitherofthesethingsisnotalwayseasy.WiththemostlaudableofintentionstheFederalReserveAmerica’scentralbankmaybeabouttotakeastepthatcouldbackfire. UnliketheFedmanyothercentralbankshavelongdeclaredexplicitinflationtargetsandthensetinterestratestotrytomeetthese.SomeeconomistshavearguedthattheFedshoulddothesame.WithAlanGreenspantheFed’smuch-respectedchairmanduetoretirenextyear-afteramere18yearsinthejob-someFedofficialswanttoadoptatargetpresumablytomaintainthecentralbank’scredibilityinthescarynewpost-Greenspanera.TheFeddiscussedsuchatargetatitsFebruarymeetingaccordingtominutespublishedthisweek.Thissoundsencouraging.HowevertheFedisconsideringtheideajustwhensomeothercentralbanksarebeginningtoquestionwhetherstrictinflationtargetingreallyworks. Atpresentcentra1banksfocusalmostexclusivelyonconsumer-priceindices.OnthismeasureMr.Greenspancanboastthatinflationremainsundercontrol.Butsomecentralbankersnowarguethatthepricesofassetssuchashousesandsharesshouldalsosomehowbetakenintoaccount.AbroadpriceindexforAmericawhichincludeshousepricesiscurrentlyrunningat5.5%itsfastestpacesince1982.Inflationhassimplytakenadifferentform. ShouldcentralbanksalsotrytocurbincreasesinsuchassetpricesMr.Greenspancontinuestoinsistthatmonetarypolicyshouldnotbeusedtoprickasset-pricebubbles.Identifyingbubblesisdifficultexceptinretrospecthesaysandinterestratesareabluntweapon:anincreasebigenoughtohaltrisingpricescouldtriggerarecession.Itisbetterhesaystowaitforahousingorstockmarketbubbletoburstandthentocushiontheeconomybycuttinginterestrates-ashedidin2001-2002. Andyettheriskisnotjustthatassetpricescangoswiftlyintoreverse.Aswithtraditionalinflationsurgingassetpricesalsodistortpricesignalsandsocancauseamisallocationofresources-encouragingtoolittlesavingforexampleortoomuchinvestmentinhousing.Surginghousepricesmaythereforeargueforhigherinterestratesthanconventionalinflationwoulddemand.Inotherwordsstrictinflationtargeting-thefadofthe1990s-istoocrude. Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat
OnthefirstEarthDaytheU.S.wasapoisonednation.DenseairpollutionblanketedcitieslikeLosAngeleswheresmogalertswereafactoflife.DangerouspesticideslikeDDTwerestillinuseandwaterpollutionwasrampant—symbolizedbyragingfiresonCleveland’sCuyahogaRiver.ButthegreenmovementthatwasenergizedbyEarthDay—andthelandmarkfederalactionsthatfollowedit—changedmuchofthat.TodayairpollutionisdownsignificantlyinmosturbanareasthewateriscleanerandeventheCuyahogaishometofishagain. ButifthelandishealingAmericansmaybesickening.SinceWorldWarⅡproductionofindustrialchemicalshasrisenrapidlyandtheU.S.generatesorimportssome19billionkgofthemperday.Thesearen’tthesortsofchemicalsthatcometomindwhenwepicturepollution—hugeplantsspillingcontaminatedwastewaterintorivers.Ratherthey’rethemoleculesthatmakegoodontheold"betterlivingthroughchemistry"promiseappearinginitemslikeunbreakablebabybottlesandbig-screenTVs.Thosechemicalshaveahabitoffindingtheirwayoutofeverydayproductsandintotheenvironment—andultimatelyintolivingorganisms.Arecentbiomonitoringsurveyfoundtracesof212environmentalchemicalsinAmericans—includingtoxicmetalspesticidesetc."It’snottheenvironmentthat’scontaminatedsomuch"saysthedirectoroftheCincinnatiChildren’sEnvironmentalHealthCenter."It’sus." Asscientistsgetbetteratdetectingthechemicalsinourbodiesthey’rediscoveringthateventinyquantitiesoftoxinscanhaveapotentiallyseriousimpactonourhealth—andourchildren’sfuture.ChemicalslikebisphenolABPAandphthalates—keyingredientsinmodernplastics—maydisruptthedelicateendocrinesystem.Ahostofmodernillsthathavebeenrisinguncheckedforageneration—obesitydiabetesattention-deficitdisorder—couldhavechemicalconnections."Wedon’tgiveenvironmentalexposuretheattentionitdeserves"saysDr.PhilipLandrigan."Butthere’sanemergingunderstandingthatkidsareuniquelysusceptibletoenvironmentalhazards." Washingtonhasbeenslowtoarriveatthatconclusion.TheToxicSubstancesControlActTSCAthe34-year-oldvehicleforfederalchemicalregulationhasgenerallybeenafailure.Theburdenofprovingchemicalsdangerousfallsalmostentirelyonthegovernment.AndtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyEPAhasbeenabletoissuerestrictionsononlyahandfulofchemicalsandhaslackedthepowertobanevensomedangerouscancer-causingsubstances. Butchangeiscoming.TheObamaAdministrationistakingacloserlookatchemicals.MoreimportantCongressmayfinallybereadytoact."Wecan’tpermitthisassaultonourchildren’shealth—andourownhealth—tocontinue"saysSenatorFrankLautenberg. AccordingtoSenatorFrankLautenberg
WhenEuropeanUnionEUleaderstookdeliveryofEurope’sfirstdraftofaconstitutionatasummitinGreecelastJuneitwaswithalmostuniversalpraise. TherewaswideagreementthatthetextcouldsavetheEUfromparalysisonceitexpandsfrom15to25membersnextyear.ItwouldgiveEuropeamorestableleadershipandgreatercloutontheworldstagesaidthechairmanoftheConventionwhichdraftedtheagreementformerFrenchPresidentValeryGiscardd’Estaing. Suchpraisewastoogoodtolast.Astheproductofaunique16-monthpublicdebatethedrafthasbecomeabattleground.Lessthanfourmonthsafteritwasdeliveredthesameleaderswhoaccepteditopenedthesecondroundoftalksonitscontentthisweekbytradingveiledthreatstoblockagreementorcutofffundsiftheydon’tgettheirway. Thetonewaspolitebutunyielding.InablandjointstatementissuedwhenthetalksopenedonOctober4theleadersstressedtheconstitution"representsavitalstepintheprocessaimedatmakingEuropemorecohesivemoredemocraticandclosertoitscitizens."SharpdifferencesremainthoughbetweenmembercountriesoftheEUovervotingrightsthesizeandcompositionoftheexecutiveEuropeanCommissiondefenseco-operationandtheroleofreligioninthenewconstitution. ItalianPrimeMinisterSilvioBerlusconi’shopesofwrappingupadealontheconstitutionbyChristmasseemfarfrombeingrealized.WhilethesixfoundingmembersoftheEU--GermanyFranceItalytheNetherlandsBelgiumandLuxembourg--plusBritainandDenmarkwantaslittlechangeaspossibletothedraftthe10mainlycentralEuropeancountriesduetojointhe15-nationblocnextyearwanttoaltertheinstitution’sbalance. Suchsmallstatesareafraidtheirviewswillbeignoredundertheconstitutionandaredeterminedtodefendthedisproportionatevotingrightstheywonatthe2000NiceSummit.EUexpertsfearsuchsharpdifferenceswillcreateexactlytheparalysisintheEUtheConventionwasestablishedtoavoid. Whichofthefollowingissuemightnotbetheirsourceofargument
WhenEuropeanUnionEUleaderstookdeliveryofEurope’sfirstdraftofaconstitutionatasummitinGreecelastJuneitwaswithalmostuniversalpraise. TherewaswideagreementthatthetextcouldsavetheEUfromparalysisonceitexpandsfrom15to25membersnextyear.ItwouldgiveEuropeamorestableleadershipandgreatercloutontheworldstagesaidthechairmanoftheConventionwhichdraftedtheagreementformerFrenchPresidentValeryGiscardd’Estaing. Suchpraisewastoogoodtolast.Astheproductofaunique16-monthpublicdebatethedrafthasbecomeabattleground.Lessthanfourmonthsafteritwasdeliveredthesameleaderswhoaccepteditopenedthesecondroundoftalksonitscontentthisweekbytradingveiledthreatstoblockagreementorcutofffundsiftheydon’tgettheirway. Thetonewaspolitebutunyielding.InablandjointstatementissuedwhenthetalksopenedonOctober4theleadersstressedtheconstitution"representsavitalstepintheprocessaimedatmakingEuropemorecohesivemoredemocraticandclosertoitscitizens."SharpdifferencesremainthoughbetweenmembercountriesoftheEUovervotingrightsthesizeandcompositionoftheexecutiveEuropeanCommissiondefenseco-operationandtheroleofreligioninthenewconstitution. ItalianPrimeMinisterSilvioBerlusconi’shopesofwrappingupadealontheconstitutionbyChristmasseemfarfrombeingrealized.WhilethesixfoundingmembersoftheEU--GermanyFranceItalytheNetherlandsBelgiumandLuxembourg--plusBritainandDenmarkwantaslittlechangeaspossibletothedraftthe10mainlycentralEuropeancountriesduetojointhe15-nationblocnextyearwanttoaltertheinstitution’sbalance. Suchsmallstatesareafraidtheirviewswillbeignoredundertheconstitutionandaredeterminedtodefendthedisproportionatevotingrightstheywonatthe2000NiceSummit.EUexpertsfearsuchsharpdifferenceswillcreateexactlytheparalysisintheEUtheConventionwasestablishedtoavoid. Theuniversalpraiseforthedraftturnedouttobe
InPlato’sUtopiaherearethreeclasses:thecommonpeoplethesoldiersandtheguardianschosenbythelegislator.ThemainproblemasPlatoperceivesistoinsurethattheguardiansshallcarryouttheintentionofthelegislator.Forthispurposethefirstthingheproposesiseducation. Educationisdividedintotwopartsmusicandgymnastics.46Eachhasawidermeaningthanatpresent:“music”meanseverythingthatisintheprovinceofthemusesand“gymnastics”meanseverythingconcernedwithphysicaltrainingfitness.“Music”isalmostaswideaswhatisnowcalled“culture”and“gymnastics”issomewhatwiderthanwhat“athletics”meaninthemodernsense. CultureistobedevotedtomakingmengentlemeninthesensewhichlargelyowingtoPlatoisfamiliarinEngland.TheAthensofhisdaywasinonerespectanalogoustoEnglandinthenineteenthcentury:47therewasineachanaristocracyenjoyingwealthandsocialprestigebuthavingnomonopolyofpoliticalpower;andineachthearistocracyhadtosecureasmuchpowerasitcouldbymeansofimpressivebehavior.InPlato’sUtopiahoweverthearistocracyrulesunchecked. Gravitydecorumandcourageseemtobethequalitiesmainlytobecultivatedineducation.48Thereistobearigidcensorshipfromveryearlyyearsovertheliteraturetowhichtheyounghaveaccessandthemusictheyareallowedtohear.Mothersandnursesaretotelltheirchildrenonlyauthorizedstories.Alsothereisacensorshipofmusic.TheLydianandIonianharmoniesaretobeforbiddenthefirstbecauseitexpressessorrowthesecondbecauseitisrelaxed.49OnlytheDorianforcourageandthePhrygianfortemperancearetobeallowedandpermissiblerhythmsmustbesimpleandsuchasareexpressiveofacourageousandharmoniouslife. Asforgymnasticsthetrainingofthebodyistobeveryaustere.Nooneistoeatfishormeatcookedotherwisethanroastedandtheremustbenosaucesorcandies.Peoplebroughtuponhisregimenhesayswillhavenoneedofdoctors.Gymnasticsappliestothetrainingofmindaswell.Uptoacertainagetheyoungaretoseenouglinessorvice.50Butatasuitablemomenttheymustbeexposedto“enchantments”bothintheshapeofterrorsthatmustnotterrifyandofbadpleasuresthatmustnotseducethewill.Onlyaftertheyhavewithstoodthesetestswilltheybejudgedfittobeguardians. 48Thereistobearigidcensorshipfromveryearlyyearsovertheliteraturetowhichtheyounghaveaccessandthemusictheyareallowedtohear
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 8
"Youarenotheretotellmewhattodo.YouareheretotellmewhyIhavedonewhatIhavealreadydecidedtodo"MontaguNormantheBankofEngland’slongest-servinggovernor1920-1944isreputedtohaveoncetoldhiseconomicadviser.Todaythankfullycentralbanksaimtobemoretransparentintheirdecisionmakingaswellasmorerational.Butachievingeitherofthesethingsisnotalwayseasy.WiththemostlaudableofintentionstheFederalReserveAmerica’scentralbankmaybeabouttotakeastepthatcouldbackfire. UnliketheFedmanyothercentralbankshavelongdeclaredexplicitinflationtargetsandthensetinterestratestotrytomeetthese.SomeeconomistshavearguedthattheFedshoulddothesame.WithAlanGreenspantheFed’smuch-respectedchairmanduetoretirenextyear-afteramere18yearsinthejob-someFedofficialswanttoadoptatargetpresumablytomaintainthecentralbank’scredibilityinthescarynewpost-Greenspanera.TheFeddiscussedsuchatargetatitsFebruarymeetingaccordingtominutespublishedthisweek.Thissoundsencouraging.HowevertheFedisconsideringtheideajustwhensomeothercentralbanksarebeginningtoquestionwhetherstrictinflationtargetingreallyworks. Atpresentcentra1banksfocusalmostexclusivelyonconsumer-priceindices.OnthismeasureMr.Greenspancanboastthatinflationremainsundercontrol.Butsomecentralbankersnowarguethatthepricesofassetssuchashousesandsharesshouldalsosomehowbetakenintoaccount.AbroadpriceindexforAmericawhichincludeshousepricesiscurrentlyrunningat5.5%itsfastestpacesince1982.Inflationhassimplytakenadifferentform. ShouldcentralbanksalsotrytocurbincreasesinsuchassetpricesMr.Greenspancontinuestoinsistthatmonetarypolicyshouldnotbeusedtoprickasset-pricebubbles.Identifyingbubblesisdifficultexceptinretrospecthesaysandinterestratesareabluntweapon:anincreasebigenoughtohaltrisingpricescouldtriggerarecession.Itisbetterhesaystowaitforahousingorstockmarketbubbletoburstandthentocushiontheeconomybycuttinginterestrates-ashedidin2001-2002. Andyettheriskisnotjustthatassetpricescangoswiftlyintoreverse.Aswithtraditionalinflationsurgingassetpricesalsodistortpricesignalsandsocancauseamisallocationofresources-encouragingtoolittlesavingforexampleortoomuchinvestmentinhousing.Surginghousepricesmaythereforeargueforhigherinterestratesthanconventionalinflationwoulddemand.Inotherwordsstrictinflationtargeting-thefadofthe1990s-istoocrude. ThewordminutesLine6Paragraph2mostprobablymeans
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 12
Directions. Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 注1．重点作文务必背记 2．第1段第1句译文现在北京有那么多音乐会和话剧供人们选择 3．etiquette礼节interval中间休息时间doone’spart尽责 1describethecartoonbriefly 2interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythecartoonand 3giveyourpointofview. Youshouldwrite160--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 18
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 2
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 20
HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrusselsdinnerparty.SimplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromtheG20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats.ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newlyfashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboastingaboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnotgreatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywasmeanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChiracarisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyusheringina“multipolarworld”inwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeantkow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedowncriticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedoncommercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldendwithflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnewChinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanytheleadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandotherwidgets. AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.SomearewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritainSwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.ThatmakesthemhostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinesecheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed“accommodatingmercantilists”bytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeignRelationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:ButthatmakesthemanxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpoliticalissues. TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfindthemselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimisthatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsiblestakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweaveChinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007nofewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceandBritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheirinterestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational“dialogues”withChinaonclimatechangeforexample. TodealwiththetradedeficitwithChinaEuropeans
41______ Throughlazinessandcowardicealargepartofmankindevenafternaturehasfreedthemfromalienguidancegladlyremainimmature.ItisbecauseoflazinessandcowardicethatitissoeasyforotherstousurptheroleofguardiansItissocomfortabletobeaminor!IfIhaveabookwhichprovidesmeaningformeadoctorwhowilljudgemydietformeandsoonthenIdonotneedtoexertmyself.Idonothaveanyneedtothink;ifIcanpayotherswilltakeoverthetediousjobforme.Theguardianswhohavekindlyundertakenthesupervisionwillseetoitthatbyfarthelargestpartofmankindincludingtheentire"beautifulsex"shouldconsiderthestepintomaturitynotonlyasdifficultbutasverydangerous. 42______ Itisdifficultfortheisolatedindividualtoworkhimselfoutoftheimmaturitywhichhasbecomealmostnaturalforhim.Hehasevenbecomefondofitandforthetimebeingisincapableofemployinghisownintelligencebecausehehasneverbeenallowedtomaketheattempt.Statuesandformulasthesemechanicaltoolsofaserviceableuseorrathermisuseofhisnaturalfacultiesaretheankle-chainsofacontinuousimmaturity.Whoeverthrewitoffwouldmakeanuncertainjumpoverthesmallesttrenchbecauseheisnotaccustomedtosuchfreemovement.Thereforethereareonlyafewwhohavepursuedafirmpathandhavesucceededinescapingfromimmaturitybytheirowncultivationofthemind. Butitismorenearlypossibleforapublictoenlightenitself:thisiseveninescapableifonlythepublicisgivenitsfreedom.Fortherewillalwaysbesomepeoplewhothinkforthemselvesevenamongtheself-appointedguardiansofthegreatmasswhoafterhavingthrownofftheyokeofimmaturitythemselveswillspreadaboutthemthespiritofareasonableestimateoftheirownvalueandoftheneedforeverymantothinkforhimself. 43______. Throughrevolutiontheabandonmentofpersonaldespotismmaybeengenderedandtheendofprofit-seekinganddomineeringoppressionmayoccurbutneveratruereformofthestateofmind.Insteadnewprejudicesjustliketheoldoneswillserveastheguidingreinsofthegreatunthinkingmass.44______. ButIhearpeopleclamoronallsides:Don’targue!Theofficersays:Don’targuedrill!Thetaxcollector:Don’targuepay!Thepastor:Don’targuebelieve!...Herewehaverestrictionsonfreedomeverywhere.WhichrestrictionishamperingenlightenmentandwhichdoesnotorevenpromotesitIanswer;Thepublicuseofaman’sreasonmustbefreeatalltimesandthisalonecanbringenlightenmentamongmen. Thequestionmaynowbeput:Doweliveatpresentinanenlightenedage’ 45______. [A]Allthatisrequiredforthisenlightenmentisfreedom;andparticularlytheleastharmfulofthatmaybecalledfreedomnamelythefreedomformantomakepublicuseofhisreasoninallmatters. [B]Enlightenmentisman’sleavinghisself-causedimmaturity.Immaturityistheincapacitytouseone’sintelligencewithouttheguidanceofanother.Suchimmaturityisself-causedifitisnotcausedbylackofintelligencebutbylackofdeterminationandcouragetouseone’sintelligencewithoutbeingguidedbyanother.Havethecouragetouseyourownintelligence!ItisthereforethemottooftheEnlightenment. [C]Theansweris:Nobutinanageofenlightenment.Muchstillpreventsmenfrombeingplacedinapositiontousetheirownmindssecurelyandwellinmattersofreligion.Butwedohaveverydefiniteindicationsthatthisfieldofendeavorisbeingopenedupformentoworkfreelyandreducegraduallythehindrancespreventingageneralenlightenmentandanescapefromself-causedimmaturity. [D]Icallthissoaringwealthandshrinkingspirit"theAmericanparadox."Morethaneverwehavebighousesandbrokenhomeshighincomesandlowmoralesecuredrightsanddiminishedcivility.Weexcelatmakingalivingbutoftenfailatmakingalife.Wecelebrateourprosperitybutyearnforpurpose.Wecelebrateourfreedomsbutlongforconnection.Inanageofplentywefeelspiritualhunger. [E]Apubliccanonlyarriveatenlightenmentslowly. [F]Afterhavingmadetheirdomesticanimalsdumbandhavingcarefullypreventedthesequietcreaturesfromdaringtotakeanystepbeyondthelead-stringstowhichtheyhavefastenedthemtheseguardiansthenshowthemthedangerwhichthreatensthemshouldtheyattempttowalkalone.Nowthisdangerisnotreallysoverygreat;fortheywouldpresumablylearntowalkaftersomestumbling.Howeveranexampleofthiskindintimidatesandfrightenspeopleoutofallfurtherattempts. [G]Attitudesaboutdivorcehavedramaticallychanged.Inthepastitwasseenasthelastresortofawomanwhohadbeenbeatenuporcheatedon.Womenwerevictims.Todaymanywomenchoose’togetdivorcedbecausetheythinktheywillhaveabetterlifeasaSINDIthanbystayinginastalemarriage.In74percentofeasesitiswomenwhonowinstigatedivorceproceedings. 44
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 6
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 14
OnthefirstEarthDaytheU.S.wasapoisonednation.DenseairpollutionblanketedcitieslikeLosAngeleswheresmogalertswereafactoflife.DangerouspesticideslikeDDTwerestillinuseandwaterpollutionwasrampant—symbolizedbyragingfiresonCleveland’sCuyahogaRiver.ButthegreenmovementthatwasenergizedbyEarthDay—andthelandmarkfederalactionsthatfollowedit—changedmuchofthat.TodayairpollutionisdownsignificantlyinmosturbanareasthewateriscleanerandeventheCuyahogaishometofishagain. ButifthelandishealingAmericansmaybesickening.SinceWorldWarⅡproductionofindustrialchemicalshasrisenrapidlyandtheU.S.generatesorimportssome19billionkgofthemperday.Thesearen’tthesortsofchemicalsthatcometomindwhenwepicturepollution—hugeplantsspillingcontaminatedwastewaterintorivers.Ratherthey’rethemoleculesthatmakegoodontheold"betterlivingthroughchemistry"promiseappearinginitemslikeunbreakablebabybottlesandbig-screenTVs.Thosechemicalshaveahabitoffindingtheirwayoutofeverydayproductsandintotheenvironment—andultimatelyintolivingorganisms.Arecentbiomonitoringsurveyfoundtracesof212environmentalchemicalsinAmericans—includingtoxicmetalspesticidesetc."It’snottheenvironmentthat’scontaminatedsomuch"saysthedirectoroftheCincinnatiChildren’sEnvironmentalHealthCenter."It’sus." Asscientistsgetbetteratdetectingthechemicalsinourbodiesthey’rediscoveringthateventinyquantitiesoftoxinscanhaveapotentiallyseriousimpactonourhealth—andourchildren’sfuture.ChemicalslikebisphenolABPAandphthalates—keyingredientsinmodernplastics—maydisruptthedelicateendocrinesystem.Ahostofmodernillsthathavebeenrisinguncheckedforageneration—obesitydiabetesattention-deficitdisorder—couldhavechemicalconnections."Wedon’tgiveenvironmentalexposuretheattentionitdeserves"saysDr.PhilipLandrigan."Butthere’sanemergingunderstandingthatkidsareuniquelysusceptibletoenvironmentalhazards." Washingtonhasbeenslowtoarriveatthatconclusion.TheToxicSubstancesControlActTSCAthe34-year-oldvehicleforfederalchemicalregulationhasgenerallybeenafailure.Theburdenofprovingchemicalsdangerousfallsalmostentirelyonthegovernment.AndtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyEPAhasbeenabletoissuerestrictionsononlyahandfulofchemicalsandhaslackedthepowertobanevensomedangerouscancer-causingsubstances. Butchangeiscoming.TheObamaAdministrationistakingacloserlookatchemicals.MoreimportantCongressmayfinallybereadytoact."Wecan’tpermitthisassaultonourchildren’shealth—andourownhealth—tocontinue"saysSenatorFrankLautenberg. TheenvironmentalchemicalsintheU.S
Ithasoftenbeenremarkedthatthesaddestthingaboutyouthisthatitiswastedontheyoung.ReadingarecentnewspaperreportonasurveyconductedamongcollegefreshmenIrecalledtheregret "IfonlyIknewthenwhatIknownow." ThesurveydisclosedwhatIhadalreadysuspectedfrominformalpollsofstudents.Accordingtothesurveywhichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188000studentstoday’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare"morematerialisticandlessaltruistic". 41.______.Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.Interestinteachingsocialserviceandthe"altruistic"fieldsisatalowalongwithethnicandwomen’sstudies.Ontheotherhandenrollmentinbusinessprogramsengineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup. 42.______. FranklyI’mproudoftheyoungladynotherattitudebuthersuccess.Butwhycan’twehaveitbothwaysCan’tweeducatepeopleforlifeaswellasforacareerIbelievewecan.Ifwe’renotthenthatisafaultofoureducationalsystem--elementarysecondaryandhigher.Inatimeofincreasingspecializationatimewhen90percentofallthescientistswhohaveeverlivedarecurrentlyalivemorethaneverweneedtoknowwhatistrulyimportantinlife. 43.______. Mostofusfinallycometorealizethatqualityoflifeisnotentirelydeterminedbyhowmuchweearn.Sureeveryonewantstobefinanciallycomfortablebutwealsowanttofeelthatwehaveaperspectiveontheworldbeyondtheconfinesofouroccupation;wewanttobeabletorenderservicetoourfellowmanandtotheworld. 44.______. Itisequallytruethatinstudyingthediversewisdomofotherswelearnhowtothink.Moreimportantperhapseducationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthingsaswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds. 45.______. Inthelongrunthat’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.AndIthinkitcanbe.That’sthewayitshouldbe.OscarWildehaditrightwhenhesaidthatweoughttogiveourabilitytoourworkbutourgeniustoourlives.Let’shopeoureducatorsanswerthestudentscriesforcareereducationbutatthesametimelet’sensurethatthestudentsarepreparedforthedaywhentheyrealizetheirfolly.There’salotmoretolifethanajob. [A]Academicemphasisoncompetitionrationalityandexternalsacknowledgesonlyonekindofknowing.Itmakesstudentsdevaluetheirinnerselvesorlargersocialpurposes. [B]Notsurprisinginthesehardtimesthestudent’smajorobjective"istobefinanciallywelloff."Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife. [C]Educationmustmeettheneedsofthehumanspirit.Itmustassiststudentstodevelopasatisfactorypersonalphilosophyandsenseofvalues;tocultivatetastesforliteraturemusicandthearts;togrowinabilitytoanalyzeproblemsandarriveatthoughtfulconclusions. [D]That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmineasalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompanywasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsduringherfirstyearonthejob.Andthatwasfouryearsago;Shemustbeearningmuchmorenow. [E]Mostpeoplesomewherebetweentheagesof30and50finallyarriveattheinevitableconclusionthattheycoulddomorethanservingacorporationagovernmentagencyorwhatever. [F]Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheagesweimproveourmoralsense. [G]Whileit’struethatweallneedacareerpreferablyaprofitableoneitisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge--beitscientificorartistic. 44
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 4
ResearchersattheUniversityofArizonaledbyTeresaCumminsconductedanexploratorystudyontheonlinelearningmodulesdesignedtosupplementhands-onclassestaughtbylocalexpertsandsupportedbyanoverviewtexttohelpusersincreasetheirunderstandingofkeyconceptsintheArizonaMasterWatershedStewardprogram.Theyalsosoughttodeterminewhetherprogramparticipantswouldusethenon-compulsorymodules. Theirevaluationrevealedthatmoduleusersincreasedtheirunderstandingofkeywatershedconcepts;participantsintheevaluationdemonstrateda30percentincreaseincontentknowledgefollowingmoduleuse.Additionally70percentofparticipantsretainedthisknowledgethroughatwo-monthfollow-uptest. Afollow-upsurveyshowedthatapproximatelyhalfoftheparticipantsreturnedtotheonlinemodulesontheirown;severaloftheseusersreturnedseveraltimesandspentmultiplehourspersession.Commentsfromthefollow-upsurveysuggestedthattheusersaccessedthesiteeitherastheyhadthetimeorastheyneededtheinformation. Onlineusagestatisticsindicatedparticipantscontinuedtovisitthesiteformanymonthsfollowingthemodules’releaseandadvertisement.Thoughmanyvisitswereverybriefasinglepageview;onlyacoupleofsecondsvisitorswithmanyreturnstothesiteand/orlongvisitsappearedtobeworkingthroughthemodules. Oneparticipantstated"Mybraincanonlyholdsomuchinformation;themoduleskeepinformationon-hand."Otherparticipantscommentedthatthemoduleswere"moreinterestingandinteractive"thanthetextmaterialanda"veryeffectivetool"and"agreatresourcetotheMasterWatershedStewardcommunity." TheArizonaMasterWatershedStewardprogramsponsoredbyUniversityofArizonapreparesadultstoserveasvolunteersintheconservationofwaterresourcesandtheprotectionrestorationandmonitoringoftheirwatersheds.Themoduleswereintendedtoreinforceconceptscoveredinclassesandfurtherengageparticipantsinthelearningprocess. Onekeyfindingwasthatthemoduleswerenotclearlypreferredbyusersoverin-personinstruction.Oneparticipantstated"Formetheyarejustanotheravenueforlearningasupplementoradditionalreference.Ipreferinpersonandrealhands-onlearning."Otherparticipantssimilarlyexpressedtheirdesireforhands-onandface-to-faceinteraction.Severalparticipantsnotedthattheusefulnessofin-personlectures—wasafunctionofthepresenter. Overalltheexploratoryevaluationindicatedthatthemoduleswereawelcomesupplementtothecourseandwereeffectiveinreinforcingkeyconcepts.Participantsretainedknowledgeforseveralweeksalthoughsincesubjectswereself-selectedtheymayhavebeenself-motivatedtopayattentionandmastertheonlinemodulematerials. "Iamconstantlysearchingfornewwaystoeducateourprogram’sdiverseaudiencesandreinforcewatershedscienceconcepts"saysCandiceRupprechtstatecoordinatorfortheMasterWatershedStewardprogram."Iamexcitedtoknowthatonlinelearningmodulescanenhanceourprogrambyofferingadditionalindependentlearningopportunitiesforourvolunteers. Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheonlinelearning
HereisaquickwaytospoilaBrusselsdinnerparty.SimplysuggestthatworldgovernanceisslippingawayfromtheG20G7G8orotherbodiesinwhichEuropeansmayhoguptohalftheseats.ThenproposewithgloomyrelishthatthefuturebelongstotheG2:newlyfashionablejargonforaputativebodyformedbyChinaandAmerica. ThefearofirrelevancehauntsEuro-typesforalltheirpublicboastingaboutEurope’sfuturemight.ThethoughtthattheEuropeanUnionmightnotgreatlyinterestChinaisespeciallypainful.Afterallthe21stcenturywasmeanttobedifferent.IndeedtoearlierleaderslikeFrance’sJacquesChiracarisingChinawaswelcomeasanotherchallengetoAmericanhegemonyusheringina“multipolarworld”inwhichtheEUwouldplayabigrole.Ifthatmeantkow-towingtoChinesedemandstoshunTaiwansnubtheDalaiLamaortonedowncriticismofhuman-rightsabusessobeit.MostEUcountriesfocusedoncommercialdiplomacywithChinatoensurethattheirleaders’visitscouldendwithflashingcamerasandthesigningofjuicycontracts. MeanwhileEurope’stradedeficitwithChinahitnearly∈170billion$250billionlastyear.InfiveyearsChinawants60%ofcarpartsinnewChinesevehiclestobelocallymade.ThisisalarmingnewsforGermanytheleadingEuropeanexportertoChinathankstocarpartsmachinetoolsandotherwidgets. AseverEuropeansdisagreeoverhowtorespond.SomearewillingtochallengeChinapolitically—forexampleGermanyBritainSwedenandtheNetherlands.Buttheyaremostlyfreetraders.ThatmakesthemhostilewhenothercountriescallforprotectionagainstallegedChinesecheating.IncontrastablockofmostlysouthernandcentralEuropeansdubbed“accommodatingmercantilists”bytheECFRTheEuropeanCouncilonForeignRelationsarequicktocallforanti-dumpingmeasures:ButthatmakesthemanxioustokeepbroaderrelationssweetbybowingtoChinaonpoliticalissues. TheresultisthatEuropeanpoliticiansoftenfindthemselvesdefendingunconditionalengagementwithChina.Theusualclaimisthatthiswillslowlytransformthecountryintoafreermoreresponsiblestakeholderintheworld.ThesecretitismurmuredistoletEuropeweaveChinaintoanentanglingwebofagreementsandsectoraldialogues.In2007nofewerthan450EuropeandelegationsvisitedChina.BigcountrieslikeFranceandBritainaddtheirownbilateraldialoguesnottrustingtheEUtoprotecttheirinterestsordothejobproperly.TherearenowsixparallelEUandnational“dialogues”withChinaonclimatechangeforexample. Thelastsentenceofthepassagesuggeststhat
Druguseisrisingdramaticallyamongthenation’syouthafteradecadeofdecline.From1993to1994marijuanauseamongyoungpeople1from12to17jumped50percent.Oneinfivehighschoolseniors2marijuanadaily.MonitoringtheFuturewhich3studentdruguseannuallyreportsthatnegativeattitudesaboutdrugshavedeclinedforthefourthyearinarow.4youngpeopleseegreatriskinusingdrugs.Mood-alteringpharmaceuticaldrugsare5newpopularityamongyoungpeople.Ritalin6asadietpillinthe1970sandnowusedto7hyperactivechildrenhasbecomea8drugoncollegecampuses.Acentralnervoussystem9Ritalincancausestrokeshypertensionandseizures.RohypnolproducedinEuropeasa10tranquilizerlowersinhibitionsandsuppressesshort-termmemorywhichhasledtosomewomenbeingrapedbymentheyaregoingoutwith.11takenwithalcoholitseffectsaregreatly12.RocksingerKurtCobaincollapsedfroman13ofRohypnolandchampagneamonthbeforehecommitted14in1994.InFloridaandTexasRohypnolhasbecomewidelyabusedamongteenswhoseethedrugasalessexpensive15formarijuanaandLSD.Alcoholandtobaccouseisincreasingamongteenagers16youngeradolescents.Eachyearmorethanonemillionteensbecomeregularsmokers17theycannotlegallypurchasetobacco.By12thgradeoneinthreestudentssmokes.In1995oneinfive14-year-oldsreportedsmokingregularlya33percentjump181991.Drinkingamong14-year-oldsclimbed50percentfrom1992to1994andallteensreportedsubstantialincreasesin19drinking.In1995oneinfive10thgradersreportedhavingbeendrunkinthepast30days.Two-thirdsofhighschoolseniorssaytheyknowa20withadrinkingproblem. 10
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