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学生是学习的主体，任何教学手段必须通过学生起作用。
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体育教师招聘考试《判断》真题及答案
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学习的主体因素是任何教学都必须通过它起作用
教师
教学环境
学生
学校领导
学生是学习的主体因素任何教学手段必须通过学生起作用下面所列能够影响学与教的过程的学生要素有
年龄差异
性别差异
社会文化差异
已有认知结构差异
学习方式差异
学习的主体因素是指
学生
教师
教学手段
教学环境
学生是学习的因素任何教学都必须通过学生起作用
学生是学习的主体因素任何教学手段必须通过学生而起作用
学生是学习的主体因素任何教学手段都必须通过学生起作用下面所列能够影响学与教的过程的学生要素有
年龄差异
性别差异
社会文化差异
已有认知结构差异
学习方式差异
学习的主体因素是指
学生
教师
教学手段
教学环境
学生是学习的主体因素任何教学必须通过学生而起作用
辨析在教育过程中教师起主导作用在学习过程中学生起主体作用
学习的主体因素指
学生
教师
教学手段
教学环境
学生是学习的主体因素任何教学必须通过学生而起作用
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——SorrydoyoumindifIsmokehere ——Yes________．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
教师的劳动价值主要体现在教育劳动的3分
MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeI________forAfrica．
A Iamawriter．Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage－thewayitcanevoke唤起anemotionavisualimageacomplexideaorasimpletruth．Languageisthetoolofmytrade．AndIUSethemall－alltheEnglishIgrewupwith. BomintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniaI’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks．LikeothersIhavedescribedittopeopleasbrokenEnglish．Butfeelembarrassedtosaythat．IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthanbrokenasifitweredamagedandneededtobefixedasifitlackedacer’tainwholeness．IveheardothertermsusedlimitedEnglishforexample．Butthey8eemjustasbad．asifeverythingislimitedincludingpeople’sperception认识ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker. Iknowthisforafact．becausewhenIwasgrowingupmymother’slimited’’Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher．1wasashamedofherEnglish．IbelievedthatherEnglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay．Thatisbecausesheexpressedthemimperfectlyherthoughtswereimperfect．AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportmethefactthatpeopleindepartmentstoresatbanks．andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriouslydidnotgivehergoodservicepretendednottounderstandherorevenactedasiftheydidnothearher． Istartedwritingfictioninl985．Andforreasonlwon’tgetintotodayIbegantowritestoriesusingaUtheEnglishIgrewupwiththeEnglishsheusedwithmewhichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedasbrokenandwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChineseherinter-nal内在的languageandforthatIsoughttopreservetheessencebutneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestnlcture1wantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestscannevershowherintentionherfeelingstherhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts． Theauthorusedtothinkofhermother’sEnglishas．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
请简要回答教师应具备哪些心理素质
_____youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
A Iamawriter．Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage－thewayitcanevoke唤起anemotionavisualimageacomplexideaorasimpletruth．Languageisthetoolofmytrade．AndIUSethemall－alltheEnglishIgrewupwith. BomintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniaI’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks．LikeothersIhavedescribedittopeopleasbrokenEnglish．Butfeelembarrassedtosaythat．IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthanbrokenasifitweredamagedandneededtobefixedasifitlackedacer’tainwholeness．IveheardothertermsusedlimitedEnglishforexample．Butthey8eemjustasbad．asifeverythingislimitedincludingpeople’sperception认识ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker. Iknowthisforafact．becausewhenIwasgrowingupmymother’slimited’’Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher．1wasashamedofherEnglish．IbelievedthatherEnglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay．Thatisbecausesheexpressedthemimperfectlyherthoughtswereimperfect．AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportmethefactthatpeopleindepartmentstoresatbanks．andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriouslydidnotgivehergoodservicepretendednottounderstandherorevenactedasiftheydidnothearher． Istartedwritingfictioninl985．Andforreasonlwon’tgetintotodayIbegantowritestoriesusingaUtheEnglishIgrewupwiththeEnglishsheusedwithmewhichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedasbrokenandwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChineseherinter-nal内在的languageandforthatIsoughttopreservetheessencebutneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestnlcture1wantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestscannevershowherintentionherfeelingstherhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts． Theauthorgraduallyrealizeshermother’sEnglishis．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
B Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways．Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople．Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname．FrequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonamesOneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment．Asinmanyareasoldhabitsdiedhardandtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost． ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore新加坡arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegeneration．ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace．Thisisinkeepingwithtraditioninmanycountries——inboththeWestandtheEast． Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces．Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter．ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases．IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircus——0bviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel． Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces． BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample．BaseBasahmeanswetriceinMalay马来语．NowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoadWetRiceRoadThereasonissimple．Duringthepioneeringdayswetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad． AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes．ThereisCircularRoadforone．OtherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapeslikePayaI．ebarCrescent．Thisroadiscalledacrescent月牙becauseitbeginsonthemainroadmakesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain． Whichofthefollowingplacesisnamedafteraperson
C Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee． Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea．Thephysicalsensa’tion感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecision--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohna．Bargh． Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships．JudgingsomeonetobeeitherWflfflTlorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapable．MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationparticularlywarmthandcoldness．Classicstud—iesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmoth—erratherthanonemadeofwire．evenwhenthewire‘‘mothercarriedafoodbottle．Harlow’Sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills． Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal． AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneSarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptioninfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries． TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperi-mentwhichinvolved41collegestudents．Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’Shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletllereseareherfilledoutashortinformationformThedrinkwasthenhandedback．AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription．ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink． WealegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh． Wecaninferfromthepassagethat．
假设你是晨光中学的一名英语教师学校每年会举行一次英语演讲比赛本年度的主题 为TheEnglishNovelILikeBest作为组织者你将在演讲比赛开幕时发言请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿 1．说明比赛的意义如提高英语听说能力养成读书的习惯等 2．说明比赛的注意事项如每人演讲不超过5分钟语言流利发音准确等 3．预祝比赛圆满成功 注意 1．词数不少于l00词 2．可适当加入细节以使行文连贯 3．发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好不计入词数 Goodafternoonladiesandgentlemen Welcometothisyear’sEnglishspeechcompetition
Peter’sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack’Sbutitcost________his．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
思想品德教育最基本的方法是
B Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways．Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople．Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname．FrequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonamesOneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment．Asinmanyareasoldhabitsdiedhardandtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost． ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore新加坡arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegeneration．ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace．Thisisinkeepingwithtraditioninmanycountries——inboththeWestandtheEast． Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces．Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter．ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases．IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircus——0bviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel． Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces． BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample．BaseBasahmeanswetriceinMalay马来语．NowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoadWetRiceRoadThereasonissimple．Duringthepioneeringdayswetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad． AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes．ThereisCircularRoadforone．OtherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapeslikePayaI．ebarCrescent．Thisroadiscalledacrescent月牙becauseitbeginsonthemainroadmakesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain． Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
--IsitOKtotakethisseat --Sorry_________.
ThetrafficisheavythisdayI________arriveabitlate socouldyousavemeaplace
UsuallyJohnwouldbelateformeetings.Butthistime________to mysurprisehearrivedontime.
苏霍姆林斯基的教育思想是
B Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways．Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople．Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname．FrequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonamesOneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment．Asinmanyareasoldhabitsdiedhardandtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost． ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore新加坡arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegeneration．ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace．Thisisinkeepingwithtraditioninmanycountries——inboththeWestandtheEast． Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces．Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter．ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases．IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircus——0bviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel． Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces． BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample．BaseBasahmeanswetriceinMalay马来语．NowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoadWetRiceRoadThereasonissimple．Duringthepioneeringdayswetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad． AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes．ThereisCircularRoadforone．OtherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapeslikePayaI．ebarCrescent．Thisroadiscalledacrescent月牙becauseitbeginsonthemainroadmakesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain． WelearnfromParagraphlthat．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
They’vewontheirlastthreematches._________Ifindabitsurprising.
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
C Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee． Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea．Thephysicalsensa’tion感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecision--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohna．Bargh． Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships．JudgingsomeonetobeeitherWflfflTlorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapable．MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationparticularlywarmthandcoldness．Classicstud—iesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmoth—erratherthanonemadeofwire．evenwhenthewire‘‘mothercarriedafoodbottle．Harlow’Sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills． Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal． AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneSarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptioninfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries． TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperi-mentwhichinvolved41collegestudents．Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’Shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletllereseareherfilledoutashortinformationformThedrinkwasthenhandedback．AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription．ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink． WealegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh． TheauthormentionHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
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