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第一篇 Sleepless at Night It was a normal summer night.Humidity(湿气)hung in the thick air. ...
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Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.
Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 {{B}} HowTwoGreatConflictsHelpedtoChangeEurope{{/B}}? ?NinetyyearsagoonasunnymorninginNorthernFrancesomethinghappened thatchangedBritainandEuropeforever.Athalfpastsevenonthemorningof July11916whistles哨子blewandthousandsofBritishsoldierslefttheir positionstoattacktheirGermanenemies.Bytheendoftheday20000ofthem weredeadandanother30000woundedormissing.TheBattleoftheSomme {{U}}?51?{{/U}}itiscalledlastedforsixmonths.Whenitended 125000Britishsoldiersweredead.Theyhadgainedfivekilometersof ground.??ThiswasoneofaseriesofgreatbattlesduringWWI. TheattackontheSommewasstagedtorelieve{{U}}?52?{{/U}}onthe Frenchwhowereengagedinagreatbattleoftheirownataplacecalled Verdun.BythetimethebattleendedoveramillionFrenchandGermantroops hadbeenkilled.??About17millionpeoplewerekilledinWWI. Therehavebeenwarswithgreaternumbersofdead.Buttherehasneverbeenone in{{U}}?53?{{/U}}mostofthedeadwereconcentratedinsuchasmall area.OntheSommebattlefieldtwomendiedforeverymeterofspace.? ?Localfarmersworkinginthelandstill{{U}}?54?{{/U}}the bodiesofthosewhodiedinthatbattle.Thedeadofallnationswereburiedin aseriesofgiantgraveyardsalongthelineoftheborder{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}FranceandBelgium.Relativesanddescendants子孙ofthosewhodied stillvisitthesegraveyardstoday.WhattheFrenchcallthetourismofdeath {{U}}?56?{{/U}}animportantcontributiontothelocal economy.??IttookasecondgreatconflictbeforeEuropewasto turn{{U}}?57?{{/U}}waritself.Twenty-eightyearsaftertheSomme battlealiberatingarmyofBritishAmericanandCanadiantroopstookback {{U}}?58?{{/U}}fromanotherGermaninvasion.Morethan500000people werekilled.New{{U}}?59?{{/U}}werebuilt.??Twogreat conflictsacrosstwogenerationshelpedtochangetheEuropeanmindaboutwar. GermanyoncethemostwarlikecountryinEuropeisnowprobablymorein {{U}}?60?{{/U}}ofpeacethananyother.Onemajorcauseofwarin Europewasrivalry竞争betweenFranceandGermany.TheEuropeanUnionwas specificallyformedtoendthat{{U}}?61?{{/U}}.? ?AccordingtoUScommentatorWilliamPfaffEuropeansareinterestedina slowdevelopmentofcivilizedandtolerantinternationalrelations {{U}}?62?{{/U}}onproblemswhileavoidingcatastrophes灾难alongthe way.Theyhavethemselvesonlyrecently{{U}}?63?{{/U}}fromthe catastrophesofWWIandWWIIwhentensofmillionsofpeopleweredestroyed. Theydon’twant{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.??ThelastBritish veteranoftheSommebattlediedin2005aged108.AndWWIispassingoutof memoryandintohistory.ButforanyonewhowantstounderstandhowEuropeans {{U}}?65?{{/U}}itisstillimportanttoknowalittleaboutthe terribleeventsofJuly11916.
Eveninahighlymodernizedcountrymanualworkisstillneeded.
第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople---nottheirclothesideasorlanguages-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamine饥荒of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthePotatoFaminebecause
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. HenryManleyhadnoideaatallwhyGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehim.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare_________51enoughtheytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness宽容ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethatchildrenshouldbeseenandnotheardisrarely_____________52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo_________53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim_________54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobe___________55atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom_____________56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot____________57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedto_____________58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave_________59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.Indeednottodosoisoftenregardedasa__________60akindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious_____________61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive___________62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis_____________6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand____________64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.__________65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup.
Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.
第二篇Teachingpoetry Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedoranalyzeduntilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeoneteacherorstudent.Betterstillperhapsisthepracticeofreadingittwiceonceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheendsothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit. Alldiscussionsofpoetryareinfactpreparationsforreadingitaloudandthereadingofthepoemisfinallythemosttellinginterpretationofitsuggestingtonerhythmandmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoiceonrecordsoronfilmisobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitorbestofallreciting背诵it. Ihavecometothinkinfactthattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthananalyzingitifthereisn’ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryisacriticismoflifeandaheightening提升oflife.Itisanapproachtothetruthoffeelinganditcansaveyourlife.Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies. IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon’tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnatureaboutitssoundaswellasitssenseandtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit. WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafunctionofpoetry?
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare_________51enoughtheytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness宽容ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethatchildrenshouldbeseenandnotheardisrarely_____________52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo_________53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim_________54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobe___________55atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom_____________56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot____________57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedto_____________58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave_________59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.Indeednottodosoisoftenregardedasa__________60akindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious_____________61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive___________62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis_____________6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand____________64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.__________65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup.
Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare_________51enoughtheytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness宽容ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethatchildrenshouldbeseenandnotheardisrarely_____________52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo_________53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim_________54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobe___________55atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom_____________56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot____________57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedto_____________58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave_________59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.Indeednottodosoisoftenregardedasa__________60akindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious_____________61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive___________62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis_____________6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand____________64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.__________65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup.
Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything.
第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople---nottheirclothesideasorlanguages-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamine饥荒of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
第三篇SaltyRicePlantBoostsHarvests Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore. TimFlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalScienceshavespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty. Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocropsstartingwithrice. Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicsmangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.inLatinAmericairrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheatleavingsaltdepositsbehind. Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive. ToovercometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse. OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld. WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?
Weneedtoextracttherelevantfinancialdat
第三篇SaltyRicePlantBoostsHarvests Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore. TimFlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalScienceshavespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty. Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocropsstartingwithrice. Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicsmangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.inLatinAmericairrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheatleavingsaltdepositsbehind. Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive. ToovercometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse. OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld. WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare_________51enoughtheytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness宽容ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethatchildrenshouldbeseenandnotheardisrarely_____________52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo_________53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim_________54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobe___________55atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom_____________56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot____________57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedto_____________58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave_________59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.Indeednottodosoisoftenregardedasa__________60akindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious_____________61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive___________62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis_____________6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand____________64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.__________65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare_________51enoughtheytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness宽容ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethatchildrenshouldbeseenandnotheardisrarely_____________52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo_________53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim_________54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobe___________55atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom_____________56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot____________57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedto_____________58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave_________59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.Indeednottodosoisoftenregardedasa__________60akindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious_____________61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive___________62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis_____________6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand____________64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.__________65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup.
Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.
第二篇Teachingpoetry Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedoranalyzeduntilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeoneteacherorstudent.Betterstillperhapsisthepracticeofreadingittwiceonceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheendsothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit. Alldiscussionsofpoetryareinfactpreparationsforreadingitaloudandthereadingofthepoemisfinallythemosttellinginterpretationofitsuggestingtonerhythmandmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoiceonrecordsoronfilmisobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitorbestofallreciting背诵it. Ihavecometothinkinfactthattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthananalyzingitifthereisn’ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryisacriticismoflifeandaheightening提升oflife.Itisanapproachtothetruthoffeelinganditcansaveyourlife.Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies. IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon’tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnatureaboutitssoundaswellasitssenseandtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit. Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare_________51enoughtheytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness宽容ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethatchildrenshouldbeseenandnotheardisrarely_____________52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo_________53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim_________54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobe___________55atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom_____________56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot____________57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedto_____________58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave_________59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.Indeednottodosoisoftenregardedasa__________60akindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious_____________61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive___________62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis_____________6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand____________64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.__________65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup.
第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople---nottheirclothesideasorlanguages-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamine饥荒of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. HenryManley’scompanywasindeeptrouble.
NormanBlameyisanartistofdeepconvictions.
Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.
第三篇SaltyRicePlantBoostsHarvests Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore. TimFlowersandTonyYeofromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalScienceshavespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcropssuchasricecouldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty. Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogrammefundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCounciltoestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocropsstartingwithrice. Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts妨碍生长plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicsmangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterraneanaseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodropallowingseawatertoseep渗透in.inLatinAmericairrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated蒸发bytheheatleavingsaltdepositsbehind. Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive. ToovercometheseproblemsFlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittleslatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecropbutitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse. OncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknownFlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagainprovidingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld. Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis
APayRiseorNot? UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManleyGeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. ThejobthathadbeenofferedtoGeorgeStronginBirminghampaidbetter.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare_________51enoughtheytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness宽容ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethatchildrenshouldbeseenandnotheardisrarely_____________52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo_________53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim_________54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobe___________55atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom_____________56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot____________57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedto_____________58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave_________59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.Indeednottodosoisoftenregardedasa__________60akindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious_____________61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive___________62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis_____________6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand____________64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.__________65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup.
Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.
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