首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and rela...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《相同项单选集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
Frommy{{U}}standpoint{{/U}}youknowthisthingisjustf
position
point of view
knowledge
opinion
__1__Whenapersondoesacertainthingagainheisimpelled
Habitswhethergoodorbadaregraduallyformedwhenaperso
HabitswhethergoodorbadaregraduallyformeD.Whenapers
41Whenapersondoesacertainthingagainheisimpelled迫使b
Themorewedoathingthemorewetendtolikedoingit;andifw
36Whenapersondoesacertainthingagainheisimpelled迫使b
请阅读下面短文掌握其大意然后短文内容从下面方框的7个选项中选择5个还原到原文中使短文意思通顺结构完整
Understanding________culturalhabitsofanothernation
a; the
the ; the
the; a
/; a
Understandingculturalhabitsofanothernationisdiffic
a; the
the ; the
the; a
/; a
Thebestthingyoucangivechildren_______goodhabitsare
far from
next to
but for
except for
HabitswhethergoodorbadaregraduallyformeD.Whenapers
Frommystandpointyouknowthisthingisjustfunny.
position
point of view
knowledge
opinion
71___Whenapersondoesacertainthingagainheisimpelled
Frommystandpointyouknowthisthingisjustfunny.
position
point of view
knowledge
opinion
HabitswhethergoodorbadaregraduallyformeD.Whenapers
HabitswhethergoodorbadaregraduallyformeD.Whenapers
HabitswhethergoodorbadaregraduallyformeD.Whenapers
66Whenapersondoesacertainthingagainandagainheisdri
根据对话情景和内容从对话后的选项中选出能入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项1Whenapers
热门试题
更多
ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenspeededbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier--thatisthedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner’sthesisinfluentialatthetimeitwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholarssuchasJohnD.HicksinThepopulistRevolt1931.ActuallyhowevernewlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnitedStatesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe1890’swhenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute1100000newfarmsweresettledwhichwas500000morethanhadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890underthetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessorsmorenewlandwastakenupforfanningthanhadbeentakenupforthispurposeintheUnitedstatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahighproportionofthenewlyfannedlandwassuitableonlyforgrazinganddryfarmingbutagriculturalpracticeshadbecomesufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelativelybarrenlands. Theemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearance’oftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanalwasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraphandtelephonecommunicationswasspun:EuropewasconnectedbysubmarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouthAmericain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagriculturaltechnologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthatweremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentinaAustraliaCanadaandintheAmericanWestandtheseareaswerejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEuropeintoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequenceagrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscopeandtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershadnotvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly1870’sandthe1890’sthemountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibitedthegreatestdiscontentwerewhohadbecomemostdependentonforeignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.InsofarasAmericanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarmingitwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperiloustimeinwhichtodoso. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingoccurredpriorto1890.9
WhenDr.JohnW.GofmanprofessorofmedicalphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaandaleadingnuclearcriticspeaksofecocideinhisadversaryviewofnucleartechnologyhemeansthefollowing.AlargenuclearplantlikethatinKalkartheNetherlandswouldproduceabout200poundsofplutoniumeachyear.Onepoundreleasedintotheatmospherecouldcause9billioncasesoflungcancer.Thiswasteproductmustbestoredfor500000yearsbeforeitisofnofurtherdangertoman.Intheanticipatedreactoreconomyitisestimatedthattherewillbe10000tonsofthismaterialinWesternEuropeofwhichonetable-spoonfulofplutonium-239representstheofficialmaximumpermissiblebodyburdenfor200000people.Ratherthanbeingbiodegradableplutoniumdestroysbiologicalproperties.In1972the.U.S.OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationruledthattheasbestoslevelintheworkplaceshouldbeloweredto2fiberspercubiccentimeterofairbuttheeffectivedateoftherulinghasbeendelayeduntilnow.TheInternationalFederationofChemicalandGeneralWorkers’Unionsreportthatthe2-fiberstandardwasbasedprimarilyononestudyof290menataBritishasbestosfactory.ButwhentheworkersattheBritishfactoryhadbeenreexaminedbyanotherphysician40--70percenthadX-rayevidenceoflungabnormalities.Accordingtopresentmedicalinformationatthefactoryinquestionoutofatotalof29deathsthusfarsevenwerecausedbylungcancer.AnaverageEuropeanorAmericanworkercomesintocontactwithsixmillionfibersaday.WearenowinfactfindingcancerdeathswithinthefamilyoftheasbestosworkerstatesDr.IrvingSelikoffoftheMountSinaiMedicalSchoolinNewYork.Itisnowalsoclearthatvinylchlorideagasfromwhichthemostwidelyusedplasticsaremadecausesafatalcanceroftheblood-vesselcellsoftheliver.HoweverthehistoryoftheresearchonvinylchlorideisinsomewaysmoredisturbingthantheWatergatecover-up.Therehasbeenevidenceofpotentiallyseriousdiseaseamongpolyvinylchlorideworkersfor25yearsthathasbeenincompletelyappreciatedandinadequatelyapproachedbymedicalscientistsandbyregulatoryauthoritiessummedupDr.SelikoffintheNewScientist.Atleast17workershavebeenkilledbyvinylchloridebecauseresearchoverthepast25yearswasnotfollowedup.Andforover10yearsworkershavebeenexposedtoconcentrationsofvinylchloride10timesthesafelimitimposedbyDowChemicalCompany.Accordingtoparagraph3someworkershavebeenkilledbyharmfulpollutantsinthat
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 20
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 18
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 14
ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenspeededbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier--thatisthedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner’sthesisinfluentialatthetimeitwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholarssuchasJohnD.HicksinThepopulistRevolt1931.ActuallyhowevernewlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnitedStatesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe1890’swhenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute1100000newfarmsweresettledwhichwas500000morethanhadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890underthetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessorsmorenewlandwastakenupforfanningthanhadbeentakenupforthispurposeintheUnitedstatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahighproportionofthenewlyfannedlandwassuitableonlyforgrazinganddryfarmingbutagriculturalpracticeshadbecomesufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelativelybarrenlands. Theemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearance’oftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanalwasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraphandtelephonecommunicationswasspun:EuropewasconnectedbysubmarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouthAmericain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagriculturaltechnologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthatweremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentinaAustraliaCanadaandintheAmericanWestandtheseareaswerejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEuropeintoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequenceagrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscopeandtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershadnotvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly1870’sandthe1890’sthemountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibitedthegreatestdiscontentwerewhohadbecomemostdependentonforeignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.InsofarasAmericanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarmingitwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperiloustimeinwhichtodoso. TheauthorprovidesinformationconcerningnewlyfarmedlandsintheUnitedStatesinparagraph1tosupport
FormyproposedjourneythefirstprioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist.ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickupmorethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmyFrenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingoneofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeakitwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.ItwasperhapsexpectingalittletoomuchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImightgainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswasenormouslypleasing. Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolinthecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceandexplosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecialtreatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.WhereuponhedrewfromhisdeskapostcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEastexpressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathecouldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheithimselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthethinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowinginexasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:"NonM.Jones.Janesuispasfrancais.PasPasPas!"NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.IwasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterandlesspublicinapproach. Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwewouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulousdetailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelowandonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewallofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestIhadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasisanxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthesheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.IfrequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthoughAhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisIsuspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhichnotevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.ThereweremoreovervastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedinEnglish.AndformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilateavocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentiallyArabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthewordfor"people"forinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschoolfollowedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewasreliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.WhenmerelygotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishlyelated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithoutapparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikeanidiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwassomethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJuneno-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.Iwasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwithamodicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.ButthiswassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheitstillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMrJones. Thewordmodicuminthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 6
TheworldisatanenvironmentalcrossroadswherethechoicebetweengreedandhumanitywilldecidethefateofmillionsofpeoplefordecadestocometheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramUNEPsaid.FundamentalchangesarepossibleandrequiredUNEPexecutivedirectorKlausToepfertoldanewsconferencepresentingthethirdGlobalEnvironmentOutlookGEOreport.Itwouldbeadisastertositbackandignorethepicturepainted46TheGEO-3reportdesignedtokickworldleadersintoactionaheadoftheJohannesburgearthsummitinlateAugustseesableakoutlookforthefutureunlessradicalactionistakennow.Thechoicesmadetodayarecriticalfortheforestsoceansriversmountainswildlifeandotherlifesupportsystemsuponwhichcurrentandfuturegenerationsdependitsaid.Thereportpaintedfourpossiblescenarios假定rangingfromthegreed-drivenmarketsfirstfuturetothecaringandsharingsustainabilityfirstapproach.Underthefirstthreepercentoftheearth’ssurfacedisappearsunderconcreteby2032morethanhalfthepopulationislivingwithdrought70percentoftheremaininglandandanimalsareunderthreatand16billiontonsofcarbondioxideisbeingbelched猛烈喷出intotheaireachyearfromfossilfuels.47Underthelatterscenariocitiesandhighwayseatuplesslanddroughtiskeptatbaybybetterwatermanagementthepressureonlandandanimalsstabilizesandglobalcarbondioxidemissionsstabilizeatjusthalfthegreedpolicyroute.InthedecadesincethefirstworldearthsummitinRiodeJaneiro58speciesoffishonemammalandonebirdspecieshavebecomeextinctandaremainingquarteroftheworld’smammalsandoneineightofitsbirdsareonthecriticallist.48Lifegivingforestsarebeingtippedapartfertilelandisdisappearingunderconcreteorintotheseaandwaterwaysaredryingupordyingofpollution.Awfulpovertyhungerandsicknessarerampant猖獗的acrosstheplanetandtheglobalizationoftradeiscarryingpollutionwithitonaglobalscale.49Theworld’sseasalreadyunderattackfromgarbageandpoisonsarealsobeingplunderedbymantotheextentthatnearlyone-thirdoftheworld’sstockoffishisnowrankedasusedupoverexploitedorrecoveringthereportsaid.ButToepferaformerGermanenvironmentministerstressedthatwhilethepicturewasbleakitwasnotbeyondredemption拯救.Thisisaneyeopener.Thefiguresarenotanightmareprognosis预后forthesakeofmakinganightmareprognosishesaidcallingontheWorldSummitonSustainableDevelopment-dubbedthesecondworldearthsummit—totakeurgentsteps.Decisiveactioncanachievepositiveresults.50OurthemeforJohannesburgisplanetpeopleprosperityhesaidurgingthemeetingtosetclearachievableandeffectivetargetstotacklepovertyanddeprivationwithoutdestroyingtheenvironment.Weneedaconcreteactionplan...concreteprojects...andaboveallaclearpoliticaldeclarationToepfersaid.Thatisthemostimportantofall.Wenowhavehundredsofdeclarationsagreementsguidelinesandlegally-bindingtreaties.Letusnowfindthepoliticalcourageandtheinnovativefinancingneededtoimplementthesedealsheadded.
Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanightbutalotofusgetbyjustfineonlessandsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke--probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly.Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residentsarefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctoritwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstrideconfidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare.Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessnessaperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiouslysurgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep.IcouldtellyouhorrorstoriessaysJayaAgrawalpresidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociationwhichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying.Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hoursonewrites.Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound.PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromworkwritesanother.Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadsidegoing[105kin/h].Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemywritesathirdbecausetheyaretheonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep.Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.ItskeyprovisionsmodeledonNewYorkState’sregulationsincludean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit.Mostdoctorshoweverresistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkleyaseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichiganagreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelievesdoctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconsciencenotbythegovernment.TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctorspatientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehad.Doctorsfortheirparthavetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 8
WhenDr.JohnW.GofmanprofessorofmedicalphysicsattheUniversityofCaliforniaandaleadingnuclearcriticspeaksofecocideinhisadversaryviewofnucleartechnologyhemeansthefollowing.AlargenuclearplantlikethatinKalkartheNetherlandswouldproduceabout200poundsofplutoniumeachyear.Onepoundreleasedintotheatmospherecouldcause9billioncasesoflungcancer.Thiswasteproductmustbestoredfor500000yearsbeforeitisofnofurtherdangertoman.Intheanticipatedreactoreconomyitisestimatedthattherewillbe10000tonsofthismaterialinWesternEuropeofwhichonetable-spoonfulofplutonium-239representstheofficialmaximumpermissiblebodyburdenfor200000people.Ratherthanbeingbiodegradableplutoniumdestroysbiologicalproperties.In1972the.U.S.OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationruledthattheasbestoslevelintheworkplaceshouldbeloweredto2fiberspercubiccentimeterofairbuttheeffectivedateoftherulinghasbeendelayeduntilnow.TheInternationalFederationofChemicalandGeneralWorkers’Unionsreportthatthe2-fiberstandardwasbasedprimarilyononestudyof290menataBritishasbestosfactory.ButwhentheworkersattheBritishfactoryhadbeenreexaminedbyanotherphysician40--70percenthadX-rayevidenceoflungabnormalities.Accordingtopresentmedicalinformationatthefactoryinquestionoutofatotalof29deathsthusfarsevenwerecausedbylungcancer.AnaverageEuropeanorAmericanworkercomesintocontactwithsixmillionfibersaday.WearenowinfactfindingcancerdeathswithinthefamilyoftheasbestosworkerstatesDr.IrvingSelikoffoftheMountSinaiMedicalSchoolinNewYork.Itisnowalsoclearthatvinylchlorideagasfromwhichthemostwidelyusedplasticsaremadecausesafatalcanceroftheblood-vesselcellsoftheliver.HoweverthehistoryoftheresearchonvinylchlorideisinsomewaysmoredisturbingthantheWatergatecover-up.Therehasbeenevidenceofpotentiallyseriousdiseaseamongpolyvinylchlorideworkersfor25yearsthathasbeenincompletelyappreciatedandinadequatelyapproachedbymedicalscientistsandbyregulatoryauthoritiessummedupDr.SelikoffintheNewScientist.Atleast17workershavebeenkilledbyvinylchloridebecauseresearchoverthepast25yearswasnotfollowedup.Andforover10yearsworkershavebeenexposedtoconcentrationsofvinylchloride10timesthesafelimitimposedbyDowChemicalCompany.Accordingtothetexttheauthormentionsplutoniuminparagraph1to
Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldierswhereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenlegorlaunchedaseaworthyboatorcalculatedthelengthoftheyearormanuredafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Peoplethinkagreatdealofthemsomuchsothatonallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworldyouwillfindthefigureofaconquerororageneralorasoldier.AndIthinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.Itisjustpossibletheyarebuttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Animalsfight;sodosavages;hencetobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewayinwhichananimalorasavageisgoodbutitisnottobecivilized.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficiently--thisafteralliswhatconquerorsandgeneralshavedone--isnotbeingcivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskillingandcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheothersideandthensayingthatthatsidewhichhaskilledmosthaswon.Andnotonlyhaswonbutbecauseithaswonhasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistoryinwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledormutilated.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopledonotfightandkilleachotherinthestreets--whilethatistosaywehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife--nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyetandstillbehavelikesavages.Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afteralltheraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Fromthepointofviewofevolutionhumanbeingsareveryyoungchildrenindeedbabiesinfactofafewmonthsold.Scientistsreckonthattherehasbeenlifeofsomesortontheearthintheformofjellyfishandthatkindofcreatureforabouttwelvehundredmillionyears;buttherehavebeenmenforonlyonemillionyearsandtherehavebeencivilizedmenforabouteightthousandyearsattheoutside.Thesefiguresaredifficulttograsp;soletusscalethemdown.Supposethatwereckonthewholepastoflivingcreaturesontheearthasonehundredyears;thenthewholepastofmanworksoutataboutonemonthandduringthatmonththerehavebeencivilizationsforbetweensevenandeighthours.Soyouseetherehasbeenlittletimetolearninbuttherewillbeoceansoftimeinwhichtolearnbetter.Takingman’scivilizedpastataboutsevenoreighthourswemayestimatehisfuturethatistosaythewholeperiodbetweennowandwhenthesungrowstoocoldtomaintainlifeanylongerontheearthataboutonehundredthousandyears.ThusmankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlifeandasIsaywemustnotexpecttoomuch.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusinessabusinessoffightingandbullyingandgorgingandgrabbingandhurting.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.BysayingFromthepointofviewofevolutionhumanbeingsareveryyoungchildrenindeedparagraph3theauthormeans
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 2
Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldierswhereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenlegorlaunchedaseaworthyboatorcalculatedthelengthoftheyearormanuredafield;butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Peoplethinkagreatdealofthemsomuchsothatonallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworldyouwillfindthefigureofaconquerororageneralorasoldier.AndIthinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.Itisjustpossibletheyarebuttheyarenotthemostcivilized.Animalsfight;sodosavages;hencetobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewayinwhichananimalorasavageisgoodbutitisnottobecivilized.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficiently--thisafteralliswhatconquerorsandgeneralshavedone--isnotbeingcivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskillingandcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheothersideandthensayingthatthatsidewhichhaskilledmosthaswon.Andnotonlyhaswonbutbecauseithaswonhasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistoryinwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledormutilated.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopledonotfightandkilleachotherinthestreets--whilethatistosaywehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife--nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyetandstillbehavelikesavages.Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afteralltheraceofmenhasonlyjuststarted.Fromthepointofviewofevolutionhumanbeingsareveryyoungchildrenindeedbabiesinfactofafewmonthsold.Scientistsreckonthattherehasbeenlifeofsomesortontheearthintheformofjellyfishandthatkindofcreatureforabouttwelvehundredmillionyears;buttherehavebeenmenforonlyonemillionyearsandtherehavebeencivilizedmenforabouteightthousandyearsattheoutside.Thesefiguresaredifficulttograsp;soletusscalethemdown.Supposethatwereckonthewholepastoflivingcreaturesontheearthasonehundredyears;thenthewholepastofmanworksoutataboutonemonthandduringthatmonththerehavebeencivilizationsforbetweensevenandeighthours.Soyouseetherehasbeenlittletimetolearninbuttherewillbeoceansoftimeinwhichtolearnbetter.Takingman’scivilizedpastataboutsevenoreighthourswemayestimatehisfuturethatistosaythewholeperiodbetweennowandwhenthesungrowstoocoldtomaintainlifeanylongerontheearthataboutonehundredthousandyears.ThusmankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlifeandasIsaywemustnotexpecttoomuch.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusinessabusinessoffightingandbullyingandgorgingandgrabbingandhurting.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.Onallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworldwefind
TheworldisatanenvironmentalcrossroadswherethechoicebetweengreedandhumanitywilldecidethefateofmillionsofpeoplefordecadestocometheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramUNEPsaid.FundamentalchangesarepossibleandrequiredUNEPexecutivedirectorKlausToepfertoldanewsconferencepresentingthethirdGlobalEnvironmentOutlookGEOreport.Itwouldbeadisastertositbackandignorethepicturepainted46TheGEO-3reportdesignedtokickworldleadersintoactionaheadoftheJohannesburgearthsummitinlateAugustseesableakoutlookforthefutureunlessradicalactionistakennow.Thechoicesmadetodayarecriticalfortheforestsoceansriversmountainswildlifeandotherlifesupportsystemsuponwhichcurrentandfuturegenerationsdependitsaid.Thereportpaintedfourpossiblescenarios假定rangingfromthegreed-drivenmarketsfirstfuturetothecaringandsharingsustainabilityfirstapproach.Underthefirstthreepercentoftheearth’ssurfacedisappearsunderconcreteby2032morethanhalfthepopulationislivingwithdrought70percentoftheremaininglandandanimalsareunderthreatand16billiontonsofcarbondioxideisbeingbelched猛烈喷出intotheaireachyearfromfossilfuels.47Underthelatterscenariocitiesandhighwayseatuplesslanddroughtiskeptatbaybybetterwatermanagementthepressureonlandandanimalsstabilizesandglobalcarbondioxidemissionsstabilizeatjusthalfthegreedpolicyroute.InthedecadesincethefirstworldearthsummitinRiodeJaneiro58speciesoffishonemammalandonebirdspecieshavebecomeextinctandaremainingquarteroftheworld’smammalsandoneineightofitsbirdsareonthecriticallist.48Lifegivingforestsarebeingtippedapartfertilelandisdisappearingunderconcreteorintotheseaandwaterwaysaredryingupordyingofpollution.Awfulpovertyhungerandsicknessarerampant猖獗的acrosstheplanetandtheglobalizationoftradeiscarryingpollutionwithitonaglobalscale.49Theworld’sseasalreadyunderattackfromgarbageandpoisonsarealsobeingplunderedbymantotheextentthatnearlyone-thirdoftheworld’sstockoffishisnowrankedasusedupoverexploitedorrecoveringthereportsaid.ButToepferaformerGermanenvironmentministerstressedthatwhilethepicturewasbleakitwasnotbeyondredemption拯救.Thisisaneyeopener.Thefiguresarenotanightmareprognosis预后forthesakeofmakinganightmareprognosishesaidcallingontheWorldSummitonSustainableDevelopment-dubbedthesecondworldearthsummit—totakeurgentsteps.Decisiveactioncanachievepositiveresults.50OurthemeforJohannesburgisplanetpeopleprosperityhesaidurgingthemeetingtosetclearachievableandeffectivetargetstotacklepovertyanddeprivationwithoutdestroyingtheenvironment.Weneedaconcreteactionplan...concreteprojects...andaboveallaclearpoliticaldeclarationToepfersaid.Thatisthemostimportantofall.Wenowhavehundredsofdeclarationsagreementsguidelinesandlegally-bindingtreaties.Letusnowfindthepoliticalcourageandtheinnovativefinancingneededtoimplementthesedealsheadded.
Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanightbutalotofusgetbyjustfineonlessandsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke--probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly. Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residentsarefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctoritwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstrideconfidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare. Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessnessaperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiouslysurgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep. "Icouldtellyouhorrorstories"saysJayaAgrawalpresidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociationwhichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying."Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours"onewrites."Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound." "PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork"writesanother."Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadsidegoing[105kin/h]." "Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy"writesathird"becausetheyaretheonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep." Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.ItskeyprovisionsmodeledonNewYorkState’sregulationsincludean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit. Mostdoctorshoweverresistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkleyaseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichiganagreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves"doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconsciencenotbythegovernment." TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctorspatientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehad.Doctorsfortheirparthavetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed. OnJayaAgrawal’swebsitewhatarethecommonresponsestothedoctors’sleepproblems
41____________Manyoftheoptionshavealreadybeenrehearsedinthepress:excludingsometreatmentsfromtheNHSchargingforcertaindrugsandservicesanddevelopingvoluntaryorcompulsoryhealthinsuranceschemes.42____________Wespendabout7percentofGDPonhealthcomparedwith9percentintheNetherlandsand10percentinFranceandGermany.Intermsofhealthoutcomesversusspendwecompareprettyfavourably.Idon’tseeprivatehealthcareprovidingmuchofthesolutiontocurrentproblems.43____________Neitherisclosetobeingimplementedbutthefuturecouldseeadeliberateshiftofattentiontovoluntaryhealthinsuranceandanemphasisonsocialinsurance.44____________Evensohighertaxeswillplainlybeneededtofundhealthcare.Ithinkwe’lleventuallyseelargerNHSchargesmorerationingofmedicalservicesandrestrictionsoncertainprocedureswithoutprovenoutcomes.Strictereligibilitycriteriaforcertaintreatmentsareanotherpossibility.45____________.Noneofthemisgoingtowinvotesforthepoliticalpartydesperateenoughtointroducethem—butthennobodyisgoingtovoteforill—healthoranearlydeatheither.[A]EnglishNationalHealthServiceisauniversalhealthkeepingsystem.ButNowtheshortageofmoneybecomesaseriousproblem.[B]Allsuchoptionswouldmeanasharpbreakwithtraditionandpoliticalfalloutthatcouldbeextremelydamaging.[C]Theoptionsprovidessolutiontotheshortageofmoneyproblem.[D]Iexpectindividualstotakegreaterresponsibilityfortheirpersonalhealthusingtechnologythatallowsselfdiag-nosisfollowedbyserf-treatmentorhomecare.[E]Lookingathowfarwe’11beabletofundtheHealthServiceinthe21stcenturyraisesanynumberofthornyis-sues.[F]Morelikelyisashiftfromuniversalhealthcoveragetotopupschemeswhichgivepeoplebasichealthentitlementsbutrequirethemtofinanceothertreatmentthroughprivatefinancingoroptoutschemeswhichusetaxrelieftoencourageindividualstomakeprivateprovision.[G]ComparedtoitsEuropeanUnioncounterpartsBritain.operatesalowcosthealthsystem.
Sleepisafunnything.We’retaughtthatweshouldgetsevenoreighthoursanightbutalotofusgetbyjustfineonlessandsomeofusactuallysleeptoomuch.AstudyoutoftheUniversityofBuffalolastmonthreportedthatpeoplewhoroutinelysleepmorethaneighthoursadayandarestilltiredarenearlythreetimesaslikelytodieofstroke--probablyasaresultofanunderlyingdisorderthatkeepsthemfromsnoozingsoundly. Doctorshavetheirownspecialsleepproblems.Residentsarefamouslysleepdeprived.WhenIwastrainingtobecomeadoctoritwasnotunusualtowork40hoursinarowwithoutrest.Mostofustookitinstrideconfidentwecouldstilldeliverthehighestqualityofmedicalcare. Maybeweshouldn’thavebeensosureofourselves.AnarticleintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationpointsoutthatinthemorningafter24hoursofsleeplessnessaperson’smotorperformanceiscomparabletothatofsomeonewhoislegallyintoxicated.Curiouslysurgeonswhobelievethatoperatingundertheinfluenceisgroundsfordismissaloftendon’tthinktwiceaboutoperatingwithoutenoughsleep. "Icouldtellyouhorrorstories"saysJayaAgrawalpresidentoftheAmericanMedicalStudentAssociationwhichrunsawebsitewhereresidentscanpostanonymousanecdotes.Someareterrifying."Iwasoperatingafterbeingupforover36hours"onewrites."Iliterallyfellasleepstandingupandnearlyfaceplantedintothewound." "PracticallyeverysurgicalresidentIknowhasfallenasleepatthewheeldrivinghomefromwork"writesanother."Iknowofthreewhohavehitparkedcars.Anotherhitaconveniencestoreontheroadsidegoing[105kin/h]." "Yourownpatientshavebecometheenemy"writesathird"becausetheyaretheonethingthatstandsbetweenyouandafewhoursofsleep." Agrawal’sorganizationissupportingthePatientandPhysicianSafetyandProtectionActof2001introducedlastNovemberbyRepresentativeJohnConyersJr.ofMichigan.ItskeyprovisionsmodeledonNewYorkState’sregulationsincludean80-hourworkweekanda24-hourwork-shiftlimit. Mostdoctorshoweverresistsuchinterference.Dr.CharlesBinkleyaseniorsurgeryresidentattheUniversityofMichiganagreesthatsomethingneedstobedonebutbelieves"doctorsshouldbeboundbytheirconsciencenotbythegovernment." TheU.S.controlsthehoursofpilotsandtruckdrivers.Butuntilsuchasystemisinplacefordoctorspatientsareontheirown.Ifyou’reworriedaboutthepeopletreatingyouyoushouldfeelfreetoaskhowmanyhoursofsleeptheyhavehad.Doctorsfortheirparthavetogiveuptheirposeofinfallibilityandgettheresttheyneed. Whoiswellawareoftheconsequencesofthedoctors’sleepproblemandrunsawebsitetoraisethecommonpeople’sawareness
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 10
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 4
Directions:Writeanessayaccordingtothefollowingtitleinwhichyoushould:1giveyourcomment;2writeabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.WhatLessonsCanChineseDrawfromSARSNote:SARS:SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes.严重急性呼吸道综合征Youshouldwriteabout160--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
FormyproposedjourneythefirstprioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist.ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickupmorethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmyFrenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingoneofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeakitwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.ItwasperhapsexpectingalittletoomuchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImightgainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswasenormouslypleasing. Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolinthecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceandexplosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecialtreatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.WhereuponhedrewfromhisdeskapostcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEastexpressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathecouldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheithimselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthethinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowinginexasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:"NonM.Jones.Janesuispasfrancais.PasPasPas!"NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.IwasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterandlesspublicinapproach. Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwewouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulousdetailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelowandonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewallofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestIhadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasisanxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthesheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.IfrequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthoughAhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisIsuspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhichnotevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.ThereweremoreovervastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedinEnglish.AndformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilateavocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentiallyArabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthewordfor"people"forinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschoolfollowedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewasreliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.WhenmerelygotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishlyelated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithoutapparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikeanidiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwassomethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJuneno-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.Iwasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwithamodicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.ButthiswassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheitstillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMrJones. Itisknownfrom’thepassagethatthewriter
AllAmericansareatleastvaguely1withthe2oftheAmericanIndian.CutbacksinfederalprogramsforIndianshavemadetheirproblems3moresevereinrecentyears.Josephyreports"41981itwasestimatedthatcutbacksinfederalprogramsforIndianstotaledabout$500million"5molethantentimesthecutsaffectingtheir6fellowAmericans.Thisreducedfundingisaffectingalmostallaspectsofreservationlife7education.IftheIndianscouldsolvetheir8problemssolutionstomanyoftheirotherproblemsmightnotbefarbehind.InthispaperthecurrentstatusofIndianeducationwillbedescribedand9andsomewaysofimprovingthiseducationwillbeproposed. Whetherto10withthedominantAmericancultureorto11IndianculturehasbeenalongstandingissueinIndianeducation.Thenextfiftyyearsbecameaperiodof12assimilationinallareasofIndianculturebutespeciallyinreligionandeducationJacoby83r84. JohnCollierareformerwhoagitated.13Indiansandtheirculturefromtheearly1920suntilhisdeathin1968hadadifferentidea.HebelievedthatinsteadofeffacingnativecultureIndianschools14encourageand15itDippie’276325. Pressuretoassimilateremainsapotentforcetoday16.MoreandmoreIndiansaregraduatingfromhighschoolandcollegeandbecoming17forjobsinthenon-Indiansociety."WhenIndiansobtaintherequisiteskillsmanyofthementerthebroaderAmericansocietyandsucceed."18approximately90percentofallIndianchildrenareeducatedinstatepublicschoolsystemsTaylor136155.19thesechildrencompetewiththemembersofthedominantsocietyhoweverisanother20. 20
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 12
41____________Manyoftheoptionshavealreadybeenrehearsedinthepress:excludingsometreatmentsfromtheNHSchargingforcertaindrugsandservicesanddevelopingvoluntaryorcompulsoryhealthinsuranceschemes.42____________Wespendabout7percentofGDPonhealthcomparedwith9percentintheNetherlandsand10percentinFranceandGermany.Intermsofhealthoutcomesversusspendwecompareprettyfavourably.Idon’tseeprivatehealthcareprovidingmuchofthesolutiontocurrentproblems.43____________Neitherisclosetobeingimplementedbutthefuturecouldseeadeliberateshiftofattentiontovoluntaryhealthinsuranceandanemphasisonsocialinsurance.44____________Evensohighertaxeswillplainlybeneededtofundhealthcare.Ithinkwe’lleventuallyseelargerNHSchargesmorerationingofmedicalservicesandrestrictionsoncertainprocedureswithoutprovenoutcomes.Strictereligibilitycriteriaforcertaintreatmentsareanotherpossibility.45____________.Noneofthemisgoingtowinvotesforthepoliticalpartydesperateenoughtointroducethem—butthennobodyisgoingtovoteforill—healthoranearlydeatheither.[A]EnglishNationalHealthServiceisauniversalhealthkeepingsystem.ButNowtheshortageofmoneybecomesaseriousproblem.[B]Allsuchoptionswouldmeanasharpbreakwithtraditionandpoliticalfalloutthatcouldbeextremelydamaging.[C]Theoptionsprovidessolutiontotheshortageofmoneyproblem.[D]Iexpectindividualstotakegreaterresponsibilityfortheirpersonalhealthusingtechnologythatallowsselfdiag-nosisfollowedbyserf-treatmentorhomecare.[E]Lookingathowfarwe’11beabletofundtheHealthServiceinthe21stcenturyraisesanynumberofthornyis-sues.[F]Morelikelyisashiftfromuniversalhealthcoveragetotopupschemeswhichgivepeoplebasichealthentitlementsbutrequirethemtofinanceothertreatmentthroughprivatefinancingoroptoutschemeswhichusetaxrelieftoencourageindividualstomakeprivateprovision.[G]ComparedtoitsEuropeanUnioncounterpartsBritain.operatesalowcosthealthsystem.
TheBibleisthegreatworkofthereligiousliteratureandwasinprocessofformationforabouttwelvehundredyears. TheBibleiscomposedof1legendbiographygenealogiesethicslawproverbialwisdomsermonsprophesylyricpoetryhymnsandtheology.Itisnotonly2abookbuta3ofbooks. TheBible4twomajor5theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTestamentwaswrittenoriginallyalmostentirely6HebrewwithalittleAramaicfromtheeleventhtothesecondcenturyBC.Itisthenational7literatureofthepeopleofIsrael.TheNewTestamentwaswritteninGreekfromabout40ADto150.It8theearliestdocuments9thelifeteachingcrucifixionandresurrectionofJesusandtheestablishmentofthe10church.The11workisfromthefirstbookGenesistothelastRevelations. The12andrichnessoftheBible13literature14theOldTestamentareunparalleled.Intheliterary15poetryTheBibleis16. TheBibleisanassemblageofliterature.Itisinaunique17amongtheworld’sbooks18therichnessofits19andspiritualvalues.Itcanbecalledthe20ofbooks. 16
Nowthatmanymediachieftainshavefallenintodisreputeandhaveleftthosewhoarestillinpositionsfeeltheneedtotaketheproblemseriously. "CEOswereoverturnedasweresomestocks."ThatishowAOLTimeWarnerentertainmentgroupChairmanJeffBewkessummeditup.Theeraofthe"imperial"one-manruleCEOhascometoanendMTVNetworksChairmanTomFrestonadded. Thetwoexecutivesagreedthattheindustry’scomplexandoftenill-fatedmegsmergershadproventhatbiggerisnotnecessarilybetternomatterhowbigthereputationsofthepersonalitiesbehindthem. Thecontinuingflameoutofmediaexecutiveswhoafewyearsagowerehailedasvisionarieswasactivethismonthandtheindustry’sfearsreachedintotheexecutiveranksofmusicpublishingandTV. TechnologyvisionarySteveCaseleftaschairmanofAOLTimeWarnerreplacedbyChiefExecutiveRichardParsons.TopexecutivesatSonyMusicMCARecordsandRandomHousewerebooted.AndWalterIsaacsonchairmanofCNNNetworksleftforathinktank. Thisshowsjusthowdifficultithasbecometofindtherightmanagersfortheterriblyalteredmedia."Manyexecutivesgotcaughtupinthelate90’sboominthemediaindustryandgotaheadofthemselvesinstrategicvisionfortheircompanies"saidMarkMayofUSinvestmentfirmKaufmanBros."Ittakesmorethanacoupleofyearsforthesecompaniestobereadyforanothervisionary." ThecollapseofthedotcombubbletheabilityofmusicfanstogetsongsfreeontheInternetsaggingbottomlinesandintensecompetitionamongcableTVnewsnetworksaresomedevelopmentsthathelpedtripupmediaexecutivesrecently.Buttheurgetomergewasoneoftheirweakestpoints. ItisnotthatmediacompaniesshouldavoidallmergerssaidLarryHavertymanagingdirectoratStateStreetResearchaUSinvestmentmanagementfirm.Theyneedacquisitionsforgrowth.Butmakingthemworkisarealchallenge.Theyneedtochoosewhatpiecesfittogetherandhowmuchtheyareworth.Theyneedtoadjustquicklywhentechnologyandconsumerhabittrendsshift.Andmorethanevertheymustbecarefulnottopromisetoomuch. SonyCorp.ofAmericaChairmanHowardStringersaidthatanexecutivetodayis"therarestofseniorentertainmentexecutivesequallyadeptatbusinessmanagementstrategyandvaluecreationaswellasaconsummate完美的andprovendeveloperofcontenttalentandideas". BothJeffandTomagreethat
TheworldisatanenvironmentalcrossroadswherethechoicebetweengreedandhumanitywilldecidethefateofmillionsofpeoplefordecadestocometheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramUNEPsaid.FundamentalchangesarepossibleandrequiredUNEPexecutivedirectorKlausToepfertoldanewsconferencepresentingthethirdGlobalEnvironmentOutlookGEOreport.Itwouldbeadisastertositbackandignorethepicturepainted46TheGEO-3reportdesignedtokickworldleadersintoactionaheadoftheJohannesburgearthsummitinlateAugustseesableakoutlookforthefutureunlessradicalactionistakennow.Thechoicesmadetodayarecriticalfortheforestsoceansriversmountainswildlifeandotherlifesupportsystemsuponwhichcurrentandfuturegenerationsdependitsaid.Thereportpaintedfourpossiblescenarios假定rangingfromthegreed-drivenmarketsfirstfuturetothecaringandsharingsustainabilityfirstapproach.Underthefirstthreepercentoftheearth’ssurfacedisappearsunderconcreteby2032morethanhalfthepopulationislivingwithdrought70percentoftheremaininglandandanimalsareunderthreatand16billiontonsofcarbondioxideisbeingbelched猛烈喷出intotheaireachyearfromfossilfuels.47Underthelatterscenariocitiesandhighwayseatuplesslanddroughtiskeptatbaybybetterwatermanagementthepressureonlandandanimalsstabilizesandglobalcarbondioxidemissionsstabilizeatjusthalfthegreedpolicyroute.InthedecadesincethefirstworldearthsummitinRiodeJaneiro58speciesoffishonemammalandonebirdspecieshavebecomeextinctandaremainingquarteroftheworld’smammalsandoneineightofitsbirdsareonthecriticallist.48Lifegivingforestsarebeingtippedapartfertilelandisdisappearingunderconcreteorintotheseaandwaterwaysaredryingupordyingofpollution.Awfulpovertyhungerandsicknessarerampant猖獗的acrosstheplanetandtheglobalizationoftradeiscarryingpollutionwithitonaglobalscale.49Theworld’sseasalreadyunderattackfromgarbageandpoisonsarealsobeingplunderedbymantotheextentthatnearlyone-thirdoftheworld’sstockoffishisnowrankedasusedupoverexploitedorrecoveringthereportsaid.ButToepferaformerGermanenvironmentministerstressedthatwhilethepicturewasbleakitwasnotbeyondredemption拯救.Thisisaneyeopener.Thefiguresarenotanightmareprognosis预后forthesakeofmakinganightmareprognosishesaidcallingontheWorldSummitonSustainableDevelopment-dubbedthesecondworldearthsummit—totakeurgentsteps.Decisiveactioncanachievepositiveresults.50OurthemeforJohannesburgisplanetpeopleprosperityhesaidurgingthemeetingtosetclearachievableandeffectivetargetstotacklepovertyanddeprivationwithoutdestroyingtheenvironment.Weneedaconcreteactionplan...concreteprojects...andaboveallaclearpoliticaldeclarationToepfersaid.Thatisthemostimportantofall.Wenowhavehundredsofdeclarationsagreementsguidelinesandlegally-bindingtreaties.Letusnowfindthepoliticalcourageandtheinnovativefinancingneededtoimplementthesedealsheadded.
ThehistorianFrederickJ.Turnerwroteinthe1890’sthattheagrariandiscontentthathadbeendevelopingsteadilyintheUnitedStatessinceabout1870hadbeenspeededbytheclosingoftheinternalfrontier--thatisthedepletionofavailablenewlandneededforfurtherexpansionoftheAmericanfarmingsystem.NotonlywasTurner’sthesisinfluentialatthetimeitwaslateradoptedandelaboratedbyotherscholarssuchasJohnD.HicksinThepopulistRevolt1931.ActuallyhowevernewlandsweretakenupforfarmingintheUnitedStatesthroughoutandbeyondthenineteenthcentury.Inthe1890’swhenagrariandiscontenthadbecomemostacute1100000newfarmsweresettledwhichwas500000morethanhadbeensettledduringthepreviousdecade.After1890underthetermsoftheHomesteadActanditssuccessorsmorenewlandwastakenupforfanningthanhadbeentakenupforthispurposeintheUnitedstatesupuntilthattime.Itistruethatahighproportionofthenewlyfannedlandwassuitableonlyforgrazinganddryfarmingbutagriculturalpracticeshadbecomesufficientlyadvancedtomakeitpossibletoincreasetheprofitabilityoffarmingbyutilizingeventheserelativelybarrenlands. Theemphasisgivenbybothscholarsandstatesmentothepresumeddisappearance’oftheAmericanfrontierhelpedtoobscurethegreatimportanceofchangesintheconditionsandconsequencesofinternationaltradethatoccurredduringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury.In1869theSuezCanalwasopenedandthefirsttranscontinentalrailroadintheUnitedStateswascompleted.Anextensivenetworkoftelegraphandtelephonecommunicationswasspun:EuropewasconnectedbysubmarinecablewiththeUnitedStatesin1866andwithSouthAmericain1874.Byabout1870improvementsinagriculturaltechnologymadepossiblethefullexploitationofareasthatweremostsuitableforextensivefarmingonamechanizedbasis.HugetractsoflandwerebeingsettledandfarmedinArgentinaAustraliaCanadaandintheAmericanWestandtheseareaswerejoinedwithoneanotherandwiththecountriesofEuropeintoaninterdependentmarketsystem.Asaconsequenceagrariandepressionsnolongerwerelocalornationalinscopeandtheystruckseveralnationswhoseinternalfrontiershadnotvanishedorwerenotabouttovanish.Betweentheearly1870’sandthe1890’sthemountingagrariandiscontentinAmericaparalleledthealmostuninterrupteddeclineinthepricesofAmericanagriculturalproductsonforeignmarkets.Thosestaple-growingfarmersintheUnitedStateswhoexhibitedthegreatestdiscontentwerewhohadbecomemostdependentonforeignmarketsforthesaleoftheirproducts.InsofarasAmericanshadbeendeterredfromtakingupnewlandforfarmingitwasbecausemarketconditionshadmadethisperiodaperiloustimeinwhichtodoso. Comparedtotheyearlypricechangesthatactuallyoccurredonforeignagriculturalmarketsduringthe1880’sAmericanfarmerswouldhavemostpreferredyearlypricechangesthatwere
热门题库
更多
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
湘公网安备 43130202000226号