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可以引发非系统风险的是 ( )
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下列表述中正确的有
投资组合的风险有系统风险和非系统风险
系统风险是可以分散的
非系统风险是可以分散的
系统风险和非系统风险均可以分散
系统风险和非系统风险均不可以分散
由金融机构经营管理不善而引发的风险属于
市场风险
国家风险
系统性风险
非系统性风险
操作风险可以分为由人员系统流程和内部事件所引发的四类风险
操作风险可以分为由人员系统流程和外部事件所引发的风险
全局性事件引发的投资收益变动的可能想称之为
系统性风险
微观性风险
全面性风险
非系统性风险
企业投资于某公司证券可能因该公司破产而引发无法收回其本金的风险这种风险属于非系统风险
操作风险可以分为由人员系统流程和外部事件所引发的四类风险
关于系统性风险和非系统性风险以下表述错误的是
经济增长和政治因素都属于引发非系统性风险的因素
系统性风险发生时所有资产均或多或少受到影响
系统性风险又称为市场风险
非系统性风险主要包括违约风险、经营风险、流动性风险
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Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Inmychildren’slifetimesIbelievegorillaschimpanzees andorangutanswillallbecomeextinctinthewild.Sothequestionwehaveto askourselvesisthis:dowewantourchildrentoseeonlyinzooswhatusedto existintherealworld46Itisthegreatapesthatwilldisappearfirst becausetherearesofewofthemleftandbecausethey’resovulnerableto changesintheirhabitats.Manyofthethreatstothese animalsresultfromaglobaleconomynotlocalpressures.Thethreattothe orangutaninIndonesiaforexampleislargelyaresultofdeforestationand theriskstoprimatesinAfricaresultfromthetimber-tradeandthedemandfor bush-meat.47Thetwoworktogether:loggingopensuptheforestwhich meansthatthebush-meatcanbegotoutfasttoKinshasaorto London.48Ifwewanttoavoidthedisasterscenario peopleindevelopedcountrieswillhavetotakeaglobalperspectiveandaccept responsibilityforthedamageexportcropssuchastimbercoffeecutflowers orevengreenbeansdototheenvironment.Thechallengeistoavoidsimply imposingwesternattitudesonlocalpeoples.Alreadythereare notrulywildplacesleftintheworld.49Lookingatwildlifehasbecome thepreserveofthemiddleclassesoverthelasttwenty-oddyearsandas wildanimalsbecomeevenrarersomoretouristswanttoseethem.Buttour ismaloneplainlycannotconservetheworld’sanimals;economicdevelopmentis thepriority.ForthefutureIsuspectthatffyoureallywant todosomethingaboutwildlifeconservationyouwouldbebetteroffputting yourmoneyintowomen’seducationratherthanjustintotheprotectionof flagshipspecies.50Womenoftenbearthedirectcostsofwildlife conflict;theirknowledgeofhowtodealwithconflictandhowtocontroltheir ownreproductivedestiniesmayyetdeterminethesurvivalofmanythreatened species.
相对于经营战略财务战略体现着等基本特征
Text2 WhenMarineLt.AlanZarracinafinally didthesplitsaftermonthsofstrugglingwiththedifficultposeinyogaclass thelimberwomenaroundhimapplauded.Zarracinaa24-year-old NavalAcademygraduateandflightstudentadmitshewouldhaveahardtime explainingthescenetootherMarines.Eachclassendswithachantforpeace. TheninstructorNancyLaNasahandsstudentsincensesticksasagiftfortheir 90minutesofbackbendsshoulderstandsandotherchallengingpositions. Zarracinahastriedtodragsomeofhismilitaryfriendstoclassbuttheymake funofhint.It’snotnecessarilyconsideredmasculine’hesaid. StillthepopularclassesbasedonancientHindupracticesofmeditation throughcontrolledbreathingbalancingandstretchingarecatchingonin militarycirclesasawaytoimproveflexibilitybalanceandconcentration.A formerNavySEALtoldZarracinaabouttheclass.TheAugust editionofFitYogathenation’ssecond-largestyogamagazinewitha circulationof100000featuresaphotooftwoNavalaviatorsdoingyogaposes infullcombatgearaboardanaircraftcarrier.Atfirstitseemedalittle shocking--soldierspracticingsuchapeacefulartwriteseditorRitaTrieger. Uponcloserinspectionshesaidshenoticedasenseofinnercalm’onthe aviators’faces.Warishellandifyogacanhelpthemfindalittlesolace that’sgood’saidTriegeralongtimeNewYorkyogainstructor. RetiredAdm.TomSteffenswhospent34yearsasaNavySEALandservedas thedirectoroftheelitecorps’trainingregularlypracticesyogaathis homeinNorfolkVa.OnceinawhileI’llsitinclassandeveryoneisa 20-somethingyoungladywitha10-inchwaistandhereIamthisoldguy’he joked.Steffenswhosaidthestretchinghelpedhimeliminatethestiffnessofa bicepsinjuryaftersurgerysaidthebenefitsofregularpracticecanbe enormous.Theyogacuredallkindsofbackpainshesaid.Beinga SEALyoubeatupyourbody.Yogabreathingexercisescanhelp SEALswiththeirdivingandlearningtocontrolthebodybyremainingin unusualpositionscanhelpmembersstayinconfinedspacesforlongperiodshe said.Theabilitytostayfocusedonsomethingwhetheronbreathingoronthe yogapracticeandnotbedrawnoffcoursethathasalotofconnectiontothe militaryhesaid.InourSEALbasictrainingtherearemanythingsthatare yoga-likeinnature.AlanthoughtitisdifficulttoexplainthescenetohisfellowMarinesbecause
Text3 Duringthepast15yearsthemost importantcomponentofexecutivepaypackagesandtheone.mostresponsiblefor thelargeincreaseinthelevelofsuchcompensationhasbeenstock-option grants.Theincreaseduseofoptiongrantswasjustifiedasawaytoalign executives’interestswithshareholders’.Forvarioustaxaccountingand regulatoryreasonsstock-optiongrantshavelargelycomprisedat-the-money options:rightstopurchasesharesatanexercisepriceequaltothe company’sstockpriceonthegrantdate.Insuchat-the-moneyoptionsthe selectionofthegrantdateforawardingoptionsdeterminestheoptions’ exercisepriceandthuscanhaveasignificanteffectontheirvalue. Earlierresearchbyfinancialeconomistsonbackdatingpracticesfocused ontheextenttowhichthecompany’sstockpricewentupabnormallyafterthe grantdateMycolleaguesandIfocusedinsteadonhowagrant-date’sprice rankedinthedistributionofstockpricesduringthemonthofthegrant. Studyingtheuniverseofabout19000at-the-moneyunscheduledgrantsawarded topubliccompanies’CEOsduringthedecade1996-2005wefoundaclearrelation betweenthelikelihoodofaday’sbeingselectedasagrantdatefor awardingoptionsandtherankoftheday’sstockpricewithintheprice distributionofthemonth:adaywasmostlikelytobechosenifthestockprice wasatthelowestlevelofthemonthsecondmostlikelytobechosenifthe pricewasatthesecond-lowestlevelandsoforth.Thereisanespeciallylarge incidenceofluckygrantsdefinedasgrantsawardedondaysonwhichthe stockpricewasatthelowestlevelofthemonth:12percentofallCEOoption grantswereluckygrantswhileonly4percentwereawardedatthehighestprice ofthemonth.ThepassageoftheSarbanes-OxleyActinAugust 2002requiredfirmstoreportgrantswithintwodaysofanyaward.Mostfirms compliedwiththisrequirementbutmorethan20percentofgrantscontinuedto bereportedafteralongdelay.Thusthelegislationcouldbeexpectedto reducebutnoteliminatebackdating.ThepatternsofCEOluckareconsistent withthisexpectation:thepercentageofgrantsthatwereluckywasahigh15 percentbeforeenactmentofthelawanddeclinedtoalowerbutstill abnormallyhighlevelof8percentafterwards.Altogetherwe estimatethatabout1150CEOstock-optiongrantsowedtheirfinancially advantageousstatustoopportunistictimingratherthantomereluck.This practicewasspreadoverasignificantnumberofCEOsandfirms:weestimate thatabout850CEOsabout10percentandabout720firmsabout12percent receivedorprovidedsuchluckygrants.Inadditionweestimatethatabout550 additionalgrantsatthesecond-lowestorthird-lowestpriceofthemonthowed theirstatustoopportunistictiming.Thecasesthathavecome underscrutinythusfarhaveledtoawidespreadimpressionthatopportunistic timinghasbeenprimarilyconcentratedinneweconomyfirms.Butwhilethe frequencyofluckygrantshasbeensomewhathigherinsuchfirmsmorethan80 percentoftheopportunisticallytimedgrantshavebeenawardedinother sectors.Indeedthereisasignificantlyhigher-than-normalincidenceoflucky grantsineachoftheeconomy’s12industries.Themainpurposeoftheauthor’sstudyistofindout
Text2 WhenMarineLt.AlanZarracinafinally didthesplitsaftermonthsofstrugglingwiththedifficultposeinyogaclass thelimberwomenaroundhimapplauded.Zarracinaa24-year-old NavalAcademygraduateandflightstudentadmitshewouldhaveahardtime explainingthescenetootherMarines.Eachclassendswithachantforpeace. TheninstructorNancyLaNasahandsstudentsincensesticksasagiftfortheir 90minutesofbackbendsshoulderstandsandotherchallengingpositions. Zarracinahastriedtodragsomeofhismilitaryfriendstoclassbuttheymake funofhint.It’snotnecessarilyconsideredmasculine’hesaid. StillthepopularclassesbasedonancientHindupracticesofmeditation throughcontrolledbreathingbalancingandstretchingarecatchingonin militarycirclesasawaytoimproveflexibilitybalanceandconcentration.A formerNavySEALtoldZarracinaabouttheclass.TheAugust editionofFitYogathenation’ssecond-largestyogamagazinewitha circulationof100000featuresaphotooftwoNavalaviatorsdoingyogaposes infullcombatgearaboardanaircraftcarrier.Atfirstitseemedalittle shocking--soldierspracticingsuchapeacefulartwriteseditorRitaTrieger. Uponcloserinspectionshesaidshenoticedasenseofinnercalm’onthe aviators’faces.Warishellandifyogacanhelpthemfindalittlesolace that’sgood’saidTriegeralongtimeNewYorkyogainstructor. RetiredAdm.TomSteffenswhospent34yearsasaNavySEALandservedas thedirectoroftheelitecorps’trainingregularlypracticesyogaathis homeinNorfolkVa.OnceinawhileI’llsitinclassandeveryoneisa 20-somethingyoungladywitha10-inchwaistandhereIamthisoldguy’he joked.Steffenswhosaidthestretchinghelpedhimeliminatethestiffnessofa bicepsinjuryaftersurgerysaidthebenefitsofregularpracticecanbe enormous.Theyogacuredallkindsofbackpainshesaid.Beinga SEALyoubeatupyourbody.Yogabreathingexercisescanhelp SEALswiththeirdivingandlearningtocontrolthebodybyremainingin unusualpositionscanhelpmembersstayinconfinedspacesforlongperiodshe said.Theabilitytostayfocusedonsomethingwhetheronbreathingoronthe yogapracticeandnotbedrawnoffcoursethathasalotofconnectiontothe militaryhesaid.InourSEALbasictrainingtherearemanythingsthatare yoga-likeinnature.Triegerseemstobelievethat
如果厂商追求的目标函数是利润最大化那么它在短期的经营应该满足条件
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttipsofhowtomake agoodspeechfollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.Choosethebest exampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45. Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. Beforeyouspeaktoanyaudienceyoushouldlearnasmuch aboutitsmembersaspossible.Onlyinthatwaycanyoubestadaptthelevelof yourlanguageandthecontentofyourtalktoyourlisteners.41.Speakingto someoneyouknowwell.______Whereareyoulikelytospeak Certainlyinthisclassyou’llgiveseveraltalksandsinceyouknowmostff notallofthestudentsyoushouldfacenomajorproblemsinadaptingyour approachtothem.Anotherspeakingpossibilityexistsinyour workplace.Athirdspeakingpossibilityexistsinany organizationsocialculturalathleticandsoonthatyoubelongto.You maybeaskedtospeakatthenextmeetingorattheannualbanquet.Here againyouknowthepeopleinvolvedtheirbackgroundtheireducationlevel andtheirattitudesandthat’satremendousadvantageforyou.Sincewe’re upbeatandpositiveinthiscoursewe’llassumethatyou’vegivensuccessful talksunderallthreecircumstancesandwiththiscourseunderyourbeltyou candoitagain.Sincegoodspeakersarehardto.findandwordaboutthem travelsfastsupposethatonedayyougetaninvitationtospeaktoan organizationinwhichyoudon’tknowasoul.WhatdoyoudonowIfyoufeel abletohandlethetopicyou’reaskedtospeakonacceptthisrarechallenge. Here’swhereaudienceanalysiscomesintoplay.Besuretoaskthepersonwho invitedyouforinformationonthemembersinformationthatencompassesabroad spectrumsuchasinthefollowingareas.42.Howoldareyourlisteners ______43.Sexcompositionofyourlisteners.______44.Interestin topic.45.Interestsorhobbiesofthelisteners.[A]If you’reinvitedtospeaktoawomen’sormen’sorganizationyouknowtheanswer tothisquestionatonce.Quiteoftenhoweveraudiencesaremixedfairly evenlyalthoughattimesonesexmaypredominate.[B]Do membersofyourprospectiveaudiencespendeveningswatchingTVmoviesand drinkingbeeratalocaltavernordotheyreadtheHarvardClassicsandattend concertsofBeethovenandMozartDotheyplaybingoand21ordotheypursue thequestionstheintriguingintricaciesofcontractbridgeandchessAnswers tothesequestionscanhelpyouchoosethemostappropriatematerialand languageforyouraudience.Yourchoicescanbecrucialindeterminingthe successorfailureofyourpresentation.[C]Arethe membersrecentcollegegraduatesseniorcitizensorbusinessexecutivesin midcareerJustrememberageexertsapowerfulimpactonpeople’sattitudes valuesandmotivations.[D]Forexampleyourdepartment managermayaskyoutoexplainanddemonstrateaproceduretosomefellow employee.Orshemayselectyoutoaddressyourdepartmentonbehalfofthe localblooddonordrive.Inbothspeechsituations--inclassandonthejob— you’refamiliarwithyouraudience;youspeaktheirlanguage;youhavethingsin commonwiththem.[E]Areyouawareoftheeducational backgroundofyouraudienceHowmanyofthemhavedoctoraldegreesmaster degreesorbachelordegreesThiswilldecidewhatkindoflanguageyoushould adoptandhowmuchtheycanunderstand.[F]Arethe membersoftheorganizationinterestedinthetopicoraretheyrequiredto attendregardlessoftheirinterestIfthelatteristruewhattypesof materialwillmostlikelypiquetheircuriosity
Text4 Astudyreleasedalittleoveraweek agowhichfoundthateldestchildrenenduponaveragewithslightlyhigher IQ’sthanyoungersiblingswasareminderthatthefightforserlfdefinition startsmuchearlierthanfreshmanyear.Familieswhatevertherelative intelligenceoftheirmembersoftentreatthefirstbornasifheorshewere themostacademicandtheyoungersiblingsfillinotherniches:thewildone theflirt.Theseimposedcaricaturesincombinationwiththe otherlabelsthataccumulatefromthesandboxthroughadolescencecanseemover timelikeamiserablecat.entourageofidentitiesthatcanbesilencedonly withhoursoftherapy.Butthere’sanotherwaytoseethesealternate identities:aschallengesthatcansharpenpsychologicalskills.Inacountry wherereinventionisconsideredabirthrightmanypeopleseemtotreatold identitiesthewayHoudinitreatedpadlockedboxes:somethingtowrigglefree frombeforebeingdraggeddown.Andpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatthis abilitycanbeasignofmentalresilienceoftakingcontrolofyourownstory ratherthanbeingtrappedbyit.Thelate-nightbullsessionsin collegeoratbackyardbarbecuesareatsomelevellikeout-of-bodyexperiences allowingare-coloringofpastexperiencetoconnectwithnew acquaintances.Amoreobviousoutlettoexpandidentity--andonethat’s availabletothosewhohavenotorcannotescapethefamilyandcommunitywhere they’reknownandlabeled—istheInternet.Admittedlyalotofthe role-playingontheInternetcanhaveadeviantquality.Butresearchershave foundthatmanypeoplewhoplaylife-simulationgamesforexamplesetupthe kindoffamiliestheywouldliketohavehadevenscriptalternateversionsof theirownroleinthefamilyorinapeergroup.Decadesagothe psychologistErikEricksonconceivedofmiddleageasastageoflifedefinedby atensionbetweenstagnationandgenerativity-ahealthysenseofguidingand nourishingthenextgenerationofhelpingthecommunity.Inaseriesof studiestheNorthwesternpsychologistDanP.McAdamshasfoundthatadultsin their40sand50swhoselivesshowthisgenerousquality-whooftenvolunteer whohaveasenseofaccomplishment-tellverysimilarstoriesabouthowthey cametobewhotheyare.Whethertheygrewupinruralpovertyorwithviewsof CentralParktheytoldtheirlifestoriesasseriesofredemptivelessons.When theyfailedagradetheyfoundawonderfultutorandlatermadethehonor roll;whenfiredfromagoodjobtheywereforcedtostarttheirown business.Thissimilarityinnarrativeconstructionsmostlikely reflectssomeagencyawillfulreshapingandre-imaginingofthepastthat informsthepresent.Thesearepeoplewhowhetherpeggedasnerdsorrebelsor ploddershavetakencontrolofthestoriesthatformtheir identities.Inconversationpeopleareoftenwillingtohand outthumbnaildescriptionsofthemselves:I’mkindofahermit.Oratalkera practicaljokerastriverasnobamorningperson.Buttheyaremorelikely towincewhensomeoneelsedescribesthemsoauthoritatively. Maybethat’sbecausetheyhavecometoofarshakenoffenougholdlabels already.Likeescapeartistswithalifetime’sexperienceslippingthrough chainstheydon’twantorneedanyadditionalwork.Becausewhilemostpeople canleavetheirfamilynichesschoolyardnicknamesandhighschoolreputations behindtheydon’teverentirelyforgetthem.Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Nuclearweaponswerefirstdevelopedin theUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWorldWartobeusedagainstGermany. HoweverbythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforusethewarwithGermany hadendedandasaresultthedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainst Japaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthis decisiontothepresentday.Therealreasonswhybombswere droppedontwoheavily-populatedcitiesarenotaltogetherclear.Anumberof peoplein1944andearly1945arguedthattheuseofnuclearweaponswould beunnecessarysinceAmericanIntelligencewasawarethatsomeofthemost powerfulandinfluentialpeopleinJapanhadalreadyrealizedthatthewarwas lostandwantedtonegotiateaJapanesesurrender.Itwasalsoargued thatsinceJapanhasfewnaturalresourcesablockadebytheAmericannavy wouldforceittosurrenderwithinafewweeksandtheuseofnuclearweapons wouldthusproveunnecessary.Ifademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoend thewarabombcouldbedroppedoveranunpopulatedarealikeadesertin frontofJapaneseobserversoroveranareaoflowpopulationinsideJapan suchasaforest.Optingforthiscourseofactionmightminimizethelossof furtherlivesonallsideswhilethepowerofnuclearweaponswouldstillbe adequatelydemonstrated.Alloftheseargumentswererejected howeverandthegeneralconsensuswasthatthequickestwaytoendthefighting wouldbetousenuclearweaponsagainstcantersofpopulationinsideJapan.In facttwoofthemorelikelyreasonswhythisdecisionwasreachedseemquite shockingtousnow.SincethebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar bothGermanyandJapanhadadoptedapolicyofgenocidei.e.killingasmany peopleaspossibleincludingcivilians.LateroneventheUSandBritainhad usedthestrategyoffirebombingcitiesDresdenandTokyoforexamplein ordertokillinjureandintimidateasmanyciviliansaspossible.Certainly thegeneralpublicintheWesthadbecomeusedtohearingaboutthedeathsof largenumbersofpeoplesothedeathsofanotherfewthousandJapanesewho weretheenemyinanycasewouldnotseemparticularlyunacceptable--abitof justifiablerevengefortheAllies’ownlossesperhaps.The secondreasonisnotmucheasiertocomprehend.Someoftheleadingscientists intheworldhadcollaboratedtodevelopnuclearweaponsandthisdevelopment hadresultedinanumberofmajoradvancesintechnologyandscientific knowledge.Asaresultalotofnormalintelligentpeoplewantedtosee nuclearweaponsused;theywantedtoseejusthowdestructivethisnewinvention couldbe.Itnodoubtturnedouttobeevenmoreeffectivethantheyhad imagined.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Inmychildren’slifetimesIbelievegorillaschimpanzees andorangutanswillallbecomeextinctinthewild.Sothequestionwehaveto askourselvesisthis:dowewantourchildrentoseeonlyinzooswhatusedto existintherealworld46Itisthegreatapesthatwilldisappearfirst becausetherearesofewofthemleftandbecausethey’resovulnerableto changesintheirhabitats.Manyofthethreatstothese animalsresultfromaglobaleconomynotlocalpressures.Thethreattothe orangutaninIndonesiaforexampleislargelyaresultofdeforestationand theriskstoprimatesinAfricaresultfromthetimber-tradeandthedemandfor bush-meat.47Thetwoworktogether:loggingopensuptheforestwhich meansthatthebush-meatcanbegotoutfasttoKinshasaorto London.48Ifwewanttoavoidthedisasterscenario peopleindevelopedcountrieswillhavetotakeaglobalperspectiveandaccept responsibilityforthedamageexportcropssuchastimbercoffeecutflowers orevengreenbeansdototheenvironment.Thechallengeistoavoidsimply imposingwesternattitudesonlocalpeoples.Alreadythereare notrulywildplacesleftintheworld.49Lookingatwildlifehasbecome thepreserveofthemiddleclassesoverthelasttwenty-oddyearsandas wildanimalsbecomeevenrarersomoretouristswanttoseethem.Buttour ismaloneplainlycannotconservetheworld’sanimals;economicdevelopmentis thepriority.ForthefutureIsuspectthatffyoureallywant todosomethingaboutwildlifeconservationyouwouldbebetteroffputting yourmoneyintowomen’seducationratherthanjustintotheprotectionof flagshipspecies.50Womenoftenbearthedirectcostsofwildlife conflict;theirknowledgeofhowtodealwithconflictandhowtocontroltheir ownreproductivedestiniesmayyetdeterminethesurvivalofmanythreatened species.
假设某经济的消费函数为C=100+0.8Yd投资I=50政府购买性支出G=200政府转移支付TR=62.5单位均为10亿美元税率t=0.251求均衡收入2试求投资乘数政府支出乘数税收乘数转移支付乘数和平衡预算乘数3假设该社会达到充分就业所需要的国民收入为1200试问用①增加政府购买②或减少税收③或增加政府购买和税收同一数额以便预算平衡实现充分就业各需多少4若将题中的比例税为定量税TO=250结果有何不同
Text3 Duringthepast15yearsthemost importantcomponentofexecutivepaypackagesandtheone.mostresponsiblefor thelargeincreaseinthelevelofsuchcompensationhasbeenstock-option grants.Theincreaseduseofoptiongrantswasjustifiedasawaytoalign executives’interestswithshareholders’.Forvarioustaxaccountingand regulatoryreasonsstock-optiongrantshavelargelycomprisedat-the-money options:rightstopurchasesharesatanexercisepriceequaltothe company’sstockpriceonthegrantdate.Insuchat-the-moneyoptionsthe selectionofthegrantdateforawardingoptionsdeterminestheoptions’ exercisepriceandthuscanhaveasignificanteffectontheirvalue. Earlierresearchbyfinancialeconomistsonbackdatingpracticesfocused ontheextenttowhichthecompany’sstockpricewentupabnormallyafterthe grantdateMycolleaguesandIfocusedinsteadonhowagrant-date’sprice rankedinthedistributionofstockpricesduringthemonthofthegrant. Studyingtheuniverseofabout19000at-the-moneyunscheduledgrantsawarded topubliccompanies’CEOsduringthedecade1996-2005wefoundaclearrelation betweenthelikelihoodofaday’sbeingselectedasagrantdatefor awardingoptionsandtherankoftheday’sstockpricewithintheprice distributionofthemonth:adaywasmostlikelytobechosenifthestockprice wasatthelowestlevelofthemonthsecondmostlikelytobechosenifthe pricewasatthesecond-lowestlevelandsoforth.Thereisanespeciallylarge incidenceofluckygrantsdefinedasgrantsawardedondaysonwhichthe stockpricewasatthelowestlevelofthemonth:12percentofallCEOoption grantswereluckygrantswhileonly4percentwereawardedatthehighestprice ofthemonth.ThepassageoftheSarbanes-OxleyActinAugust 2002requiredfirmstoreportgrantswithintwodaysofanyaward.Mostfirms compliedwiththisrequirementbutmorethan20percentofgrantscontinuedto bereportedafteralongdelay.Thusthelegislationcouldbeexpectedto reducebutnoteliminatebackdating.ThepatternsofCEOluckareconsistent withthisexpectation:thepercentageofgrantsthatwereluckywasahigh15 percentbeforeenactmentofthelawanddeclinedtoalowerbutstill abnormallyhighlevelof8percentafterwards.Altogetherwe estimatethatabout1150CEOstock-optiongrantsowedtheirfinancially advantageousstatustoopportunistictimingratherthantomereluck.This practicewasspreadoverasignificantnumberofCEOsandfirms:weestimate thatabout850CEOsabout10percentandabout720firmsabout12percent receivedorprovidedsuchluckygrants.Inadditionweestimatethatabout550 additionalgrantsatthesecond-lowestorthird-lowestpriceofthemonthowed theirstatustoopportunistictiming.Thecasesthathavecome underscrutinythusfarhaveledtoawidespreadimpressionthatopportunistic timinghasbeenprimarilyconcentratedinneweconomyfirms.Butwhilethe frequencyofluckygrantshasbeensomewhathigherinsuchfirmsmorethan80 percentoftheopportunisticallytimedgrantshavebeenawardedinother sectors.Indeedthereisasignificantlyhigher-than-normalincidenceoflucky grantsineachoftheeconomy’s12industries.AccordingtotheauthortheSarbanes-OxleyAct
依据企业集团财务公司管理暂行办法的规定中国的企业集团财务公司的业务范围主要包括等方面
Text4 Astudyreleasedalittleoveraweek agowhichfoundthateldestchildrenenduponaveragewithslightlyhigher IQ’sthanyoungersiblingswasareminderthatthefightforserlfdefinition startsmuchearlierthanfreshmanyear.Familieswhatevertherelative intelligenceoftheirmembersoftentreatthefirstbornasifheorshewere themostacademicandtheyoungersiblingsfillinotherniches:thewildone theflirt.Theseimposedcaricaturesincombinationwiththe otherlabelsthataccumulatefromthesandboxthroughadolescencecanseemover timelikeamiserablecat.entourageofidentitiesthatcanbesilencedonly withhoursoftherapy.Butthere’sanotherwaytoseethesealternate identities:aschallengesthatcansharpenpsychologicalskills.Inacountry wherereinventionisconsideredabirthrightmanypeopleseemtotreatold identitiesthewayHoudinitreatedpadlockedboxes:somethingtowrigglefree frombeforebeingdraggeddown.Andpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatthis abilitycanbeasignofmentalresilienceoftakingcontrolofyourownstory ratherthanbeingtrappedbyit.Thelate-nightbullsessionsin collegeoratbackyardbarbecuesareatsomelevellikeout-of-bodyexperiences allowingare-coloringofpastexperiencetoconnectwithnew acquaintances.Amoreobviousoutlettoexpandidentity--andonethat’s availabletothosewhohavenotorcannotescapethefamilyandcommunitywhere they’reknownandlabeled—istheInternet.Admittedlyalotofthe role-playingontheInternetcanhaveadeviantquality.Butresearchershave foundthatmanypeoplewhoplaylife-simulationgamesforexamplesetupthe kindoffamiliestheywouldliketohavehadevenscriptalternateversionsof theirownroleinthefamilyorinapeergroup.Decadesagothe psychologistErikEricksonconceivedofmiddleageasastageoflifedefinedby atensionbetweenstagnationandgenerativity-ahealthysenseofguidingand nourishingthenextgenerationofhelpingthecommunity.Inaseriesof studiestheNorthwesternpsychologistDanP.McAdamshasfoundthatadultsin their40sand50swhoselivesshowthisgenerousquality-whooftenvolunteer whohaveasenseofaccomplishment-tellverysimilarstoriesabouthowthey cametobewhotheyare.Whethertheygrewupinruralpovertyorwithviewsof CentralParktheytoldtheirlifestoriesasseriesofredemptivelessons.When theyfailedagradetheyfoundawonderfultutorandlatermadethehonor roll;whenfiredfromagoodjobtheywereforcedtostarttheirown business.Thissimilarityinnarrativeconstructionsmostlikely reflectssomeagencyawillfulreshapingandre-imaginingofthepastthat informsthepresent.Thesearepeoplewhowhetherpeggedasnerdsorrebelsor ploddershavetakencontrolofthestoriesthatformtheir identities.Inconversationpeopleareoftenwillingtohand outthumbnaildescriptionsofthemselves:I’mkindofahermit.Oratalkera practicaljokerastriverasnobamorningperson.Buttheyaremorelikely towincewhensomeoneelsedescribesthemsoauthoritatively. Maybethat’sbecausetheyhavecometoofarshakenoffenougholdlabels already.Likeescapeartistswithalifetime’sexperienceslippingthrough chainstheydon’twantorneedanyadditionalwork.Becausewhilemostpeople canleavetheirfamilynichesschoolyardnicknamesandhighschoolreputations behindtheydon’teverentirelyforgetthem.Arecentstudyshowsthat
离岸基金
特里芬难题
我国利率市场化的条件是否已经具备我国利率市场化的步骤是什么应注意哪些问题
Text4 Astudyreleasedalittleoveraweek agowhichfoundthateldestchildrenenduponaveragewithslightlyhigher IQ’sthanyoungersiblingswasareminderthatthefightforserlfdefinition startsmuchearlierthanfreshmanyear.Familieswhatevertherelative intelligenceoftheirmembersoftentreatthefirstbornasifheorshewere themostacademicandtheyoungersiblingsfillinotherniches:thewildone theflirt.Theseimposedcaricaturesincombinationwiththe otherlabelsthataccumulatefromthesandboxthroughadolescencecanseemover timelikeamiserablecat.entourageofidentitiesthatcanbesilencedonly withhoursoftherapy.Butthere’sanotherwaytoseethesealternate identities:aschallengesthatcansharpenpsychologicalskills.Inacountry wherereinventionisconsideredabirthrightmanypeopleseemtotreatold identitiesthewayHoudinitreatedpadlockedboxes:somethingtowrigglefree frombeforebeingdraggeddown.Andpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatthis abilitycanbeasignofmentalresilienceoftakingcontrolofyourownstory ratherthanbeingtrappedbyit.Thelate-nightbullsessionsin collegeoratbackyardbarbecuesareatsomelevellikeout-of-bodyexperiences allowingare-coloringofpastexperiencetoconnectwithnew acquaintances.Amoreobviousoutlettoexpandidentity--andonethat’s availabletothosewhohavenotorcannotescapethefamilyandcommunitywhere they’reknownandlabeled—istheInternet.Admittedlyalotofthe role-playingontheInternetcanhaveadeviantquality.Butresearchershave foundthatmanypeoplewhoplaylife-simulationgamesforexamplesetupthe kindoffamiliestheywouldliketohavehadevenscriptalternateversionsof theirownroleinthefamilyorinapeergroup.Decadesagothe psychologistErikEricksonconceivedofmiddleageasastageoflifedefinedby atensionbetweenstagnationandgenerativity-ahealthysenseofguidingand nourishingthenextgenerationofhelpingthecommunity.Inaseriesof studiestheNorthwesternpsychologistDanP.McAdamshasfoundthatadultsin their40sand50swhoselivesshowthisgenerousquality-whooftenvolunteer whohaveasenseofaccomplishment-tellverysimilarstoriesabouthowthey cametobewhotheyare.Whethertheygrewupinruralpovertyorwithviewsof CentralParktheytoldtheirlifestoriesasseriesofredemptivelessons.When theyfailedagradetheyfoundawonderfultutorandlatermadethehonor roll;whenfiredfromagoodjobtheywereforcedtostarttheirown business.Thissimilarityinnarrativeconstructionsmostlikely reflectssomeagencyawillfulreshapingandre-imaginingofthepastthat informsthepresent.Thesearepeoplewhowhetherpeggedasnerdsorrebelsor ploddershavetakencontrolofthestoriesthatformtheir identities.Inconversationpeopleareoftenwillingtohand outthumbnaildescriptionsofthemselves:I’mkindofahermit.Oratalkera practicaljokerastriverasnobamorningperson.Buttheyaremorelikely towincewhensomeoneelsedescribesthemsoauthoritatively. Maybethat’sbecausetheyhavecometoofarshakenoffenougholdlabels already.Likeescapeartistswithalifetime’sexperienceslippingthrough chainstheydon’twantorneedanyadditionalwork.Becausewhilemostpeople canleavetheirfamilynichesschoolyardnicknamesandhighschoolreputations behindtheydon’teverentirelyforgetthem.Accordingtothetextonecanexpandone’sidentity
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
下列方式中属于直接的股利分配性质
Directions: A.Title:ShouldThereBeCompulsoryRetirementAge B..TimeLimit:40minutes C.Wordlimit:about200words D.YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelow: 1presentstate; 2yourexplanations; 3yoursuggestions.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttipsofhowtomake agoodspeechfollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.Choosethebest exampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45. Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. Beforeyouspeaktoanyaudienceyoushouldlearnasmuch aboutitsmembersaspossible.Onlyinthatwaycanyoubestadaptthelevelof yourlanguageandthecontentofyourtalktoyourlisteners.41.Speakingto someoneyouknowwell.______Whereareyoulikelytospeak Certainlyinthisclassyou’llgiveseveraltalksandsinceyouknowmostff notallofthestudentsyoushouldfacenomajorproblemsinadaptingyour approachtothem.Anotherspeakingpossibilityexistsinyour workplace.Athirdspeakingpossibilityexistsinany organizationsocialculturalathleticandsoonthatyoubelongto.You maybeaskedtospeakatthenextmeetingorattheannualbanquet.Here againyouknowthepeopleinvolvedtheirbackgroundtheireducationlevel andtheirattitudesandthat’satremendousadvantageforyou.Sincewe’re upbeatandpositiveinthiscoursewe’llassumethatyou’vegivensuccessful talksunderallthreecircumstancesandwiththiscourseunderyourbeltyou candoitagain.Sincegoodspeakersarehardto.findandwordaboutthem travelsfastsupposethatonedayyougetaninvitationtospeaktoan organizationinwhichyoudon’tknowasoul.WhatdoyoudonowIfyoufeel abletohandlethetopicyou’reaskedtospeakonacceptthisrarechallenge. Here’swhereaudienceanalysiscomesintoplay.Besuretoaskthepersonwho invitedyouforinformationonthemembersinformationthatencompassesabroad spectrumsuchasinthefollowingareas.42.Howoldareyourlisteners ______43.Sexcompositionofyourlisteners.______44.Interestin topic.45.Interestsorhobbiesofthelisteners.[A]If you’reinvitedtospeaktoawomen’sormen’sorganizationyouknowtheanswer tothisquestionatonce.Quiteoftenhoweveraudiencesaremixedfairly evenlyalthoughattimesonesexmaypredominate.[B]Do membersofyourprospectiveaudiencespendeveningswatchingTVmoviesand drinkingbeeratalocaltavernordotheyreadtheHarvardClassicsandattend concertsofBeethovenandMozartDotheyplaybingoand21ordotheypursue thequestionstheintriguingintricaciesofcontractbridgeandchessAnswers tothesequestionscanhelpyouchoosethemostappropriatematerialand languageforyouraudience.Yourchoicescanbecrucialindeterminingthe successorfailureofyourpresentation.[C]Arethe membersrecentcollegegraduatesseniorcitizensorbusinessexecutivesin midcareerJustrememberageexertsapowerfulimpactonpeople’sattitudes valuesandmotivations.[D]Forexampleyourdepartment managermayaskyoutoexplainanddemonstrateaproceduretosomefellow employee.Orshemayselectyoutoaddressyourdepartmentonbehalfofthe localblooddonordrive.Inbothspeechsituations--inclassandonthejob— you’refamiliarwithyouraudience;youspeaktheirlanguage;youhavethingsin commonwiththem.[E]Areyouawareoftheeducational backgroundofyouraudienceHowmanyofthemhavedoctoraldegreesmaster degreesorbachelordegreesThiswilldecidewhatkindoflanguageyoushould adoptandhowmuchtheycanunderstand.[F]Arethe membersoftheorganizationinterestedinthetopicoraretheyrequiredto attendregardlessoftheirinterestIfthelatteristruewhattypesof materialwillmostlikelypiquetheircuriosity
1997年小李将他的全部收入用在两种商品X和Y上与1997年相比1998年商品X和Y的价格都上升了8%1998年小李消费的X和1997年一样多但消费的Y却比1997年少因此我们可以断定
持久收入假说
1990年A国的政府预算赤字为1870货币单位私人储蓄8080货币单位国内投资为7150货币单位则A国当年的经常账户差额是多少
Text2 WhenMarineLt.AlanZarracinafinally didthesplitsaftermonthsofstrugglingwiththedifficultposeinyogaclass thelimberwomenaroundhimapplauded.Zarracinaa24-year-old NavalAcademygraduateandflightstudentadmitshewouldhaveahardtime explainingthescenetootherMarines.Eachclassendswithachantforpeace. TheninstructorNancyLaNasahandsstudentsincensesticksasagiftfortheir 90minutesofbackbendsshoulderstandsandotherchallengingpositions. Zarracinahastriedtodragsomeofhismilitaryfriendstoclassbuttheymake funofhint.It’snotnecessarilyconsideredmasculine’hesaid. StillthepopularclassesbasedonancientHindupracticesofmeditation throughcontrolledbreathingbalancingandstretchingarecatchingonin militarycirclesasawaytoimproveflexibilitybalanceandconcentration.A formerNavySEALtoldZarracinaabouttheclass.TheAugust editionofFitYogathenation’ssecond-largestyogamagazinewitha circulationof100000featuresaphotooftwoNavalaviatorsdoingyogaposes infullcombatgearaboardanaircraftcarrier.Atfirstitseemedalittle shocking--soldierspracticingsuchapeacefulartwriteseditorRitaTrieger. Uponcloserinspectionshesaidshenoticedasenseofinnercalm’onthe aviators’faces.Warishellandifyogacanhelpthemfindalittlesolace that’sgood’saidTriegeralongtimeNewYorkyogainstructor. RetiredAdm.TomSteffenswhospent34yearsasaNavySEALandservedas thedirectoroftheelitecorps’trainingregularlypracticesyogaathis homeinNorfolkVa.OnceinawhileI’llsitinclassandeveryoneisa 20-somethingyoungladywitha10-inchwaistandhereIamthisoldguy’he joked.Steffenswhosaidthestretchinghelpedhimeliminatethestiffnessofa bicepsinjuryaftersurgerysaidthebenefitsofregularpracticecanbe enormous.Theyogacuredallkindsofbackpainshesaid.Beinga SEALyoubeatupyourbody.Yogabreathingexercisescanhelp SEALswiththeirdivingandlearningtocontrolthebodybyremainingin unusualpositionscanhelpmembersstayinconfinedspacesforlongperiodshe said.Theabilitytostayfocusedonsomethingwhetheronbreathingoronthe yogapracticeandnotbedrawnoffcoursethathasalotofconnectiontothe militaryhesaid.InourSEALbasictrainingtherearemanythingsthatare yoga-likeinnature.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Nuclearweaponswerefirstdevelopedin theUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWorldWartobeusedagainstGermany. HoweverbythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforusethewarwithGermany hadendedandasaresultthedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainst Japaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthis decisiontothepresentday.Therealreasonswhybombswere droppedontwoheavily-populatedcitiesarenotaltogetherclear.Anumberof peoplein1944andearly1945arguedthattheuseofnuclearweaponswould beunnecessarysinceAmericanIntelligencewasawarethatsomeofthemost powerfulandinfluentialpeopleinJapanhadalreadyrealizedthatthewarwas lostandwantedtonegotiateaJapanesesurrender.Itwasalsoargued thatsinceJapanhasfewnaturalresourcesablockadebytheAmericannavy wouldforceittosurrenderwithinafewweeksandtheuseofnuclearweapons wouldthusproveunnecessary.Ifademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoend thewarabombcouldbedroppedoveranunpopulatedarealikeadesertin frontofJapaneseobserversoroveranareaoflowpopulationinsideJapan suchasaforest.Optingforthiscourseofactionmightminimizethelossof furtherlivesonallsideswhilethepowerofnuclearweaponswouldstillbe adequatelydemonstrated.Alloftheseargumentswererejected howeverandthegeneralconsensuswasthatthequickestwaytoendthefighting wouldbetousenuclearweaponsagainstcantersofpopulationinsideJapan.In facttwoofthemorelikelyreasonswhythisdecisionwasreachedseemquite shockingtousnow.SincethebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar bothGermanyandJapanhadadoptedapolicyofgenocidei.e.killingasmany peopleaspossibleincludingcivilians.LateroneventheUSandBritainhad usedthestrategyoffirebombingcitiesDresdenandTokyoforexamplein ordertokillinjureandintimidateasmanyciviliansaspossible.Certainly thegeneralpublicintheWesthadbecomeusedtohearingaboutthedeathsof largenumbersofpeoplesothedeathsofanotherfewthousandJapanesewho weretheenemyinanycasewouldnotseemparticularlyunacceptable--abitof justifiablerevengefortheAllies’ownlossesperhaps.The secondreasonisnotmucheasiertocomprehend.Someoftheleadingscientists intheworldhadcollaboratedtodevelopnuclearweaponsandthisdevelopment hadresultedinanumberofmajoradvancesintechnologyandscientific knowledge.Asaresultalotofnormalintelligentpeoplewantedtosee nuclearweaponsused;theywantedtoseejusthowdestructivethisnewinvention couldbe.Itnodoubtturnedouttobeevenmoreeffectivethantheyhad imagined.Accordingtothesecondparagraphnuclearweaponsarenotnecessarybecause
欧洲货币一体化的理论依据是什么
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Inmychildren’slifetimesIbelievegorillaschimpanzees andorangutanswillallbecomeextinctinthewild.Sothequestionwehaveto askourselvesisthis:dowewantourchildrentoseeonlyinzooswhatusedto existintherealworld46Itisthegreatapesthatwilldisappearfirst becausetherearesofewofthemleftandbecausethey’resovulnerableto changesintheirhabitats.Manyofthethreatstothese animalsresultfromaglobaleconomynotlocalpressures.Thethreattothe orangutaninIndonesiaforexampleislargelyaresultofdeforestationand theriskstoprimatesinAfricaresultfromthetimber-tradeandthedemandfor bush-meat.47Thetwoworktogether:loggingopensuptheforestwhich meansthatthebush-meatcanbegotoutfasttoKinshasaorto London.48Ifwewanttoavoidthedisasterscenario peopleindevelopedcountrieswillhavetotakeaglobalperspectiveandaccept responsibilityforthedamageexportcropssuchastimbercoffeecutflowers orevengreenbeansdototheenvironment.Thechallengeistoavoidsimply imposingwesternattitudesonlocalpeoples.Alreadythereare notrulywildplacesleftintheworld.49Lookingatwildlifehasbecome thepreserveofthemiddleclassesoverthelasttwenty-oddyearsandas wildanimalsbecomeevenrarersomoretouristswanttoseethem.Buttour ismaloneplainlycannotconservetheworld’sanimals;economicdevelopmentis thepriority.ForthefutureIsuspectthatffyoureallywant todosomethingaboutwildlifeconservationyouwouldbebetteroffputting yourmoneyintowomen’seducationratherthanjustintotheprotectionof flagshipspecies.50Womenoftenbearthedirectcostsofwildlife conflict;theirknowledgeofhowtodealwithconflictandhowtocontroltheir ownreproductivedestiniesmayyetdeterminethesurvivalofmanythreatened species.
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