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耦园大型黄石假山绝壁东南角设蹬道依势降及池边此处叠石气势雄伟峭拔是全山最精彩部分东西两半部之间辟有谷
淋病的湿热秽浊之气主要的入侵渠道是
皮肤肌肉
口腔
谷道
下焦前阴窍口
气道
.阅读诗歌完成后面的题目念奴娇黄庭坚①八月十七日同诸生步自永安城楼过张宽夫园待月偶有名酒因以金荷②酌
黄山谷学书元祜①初山谷②与东坡钱穆父同游京师宝梵寺饭罢山谷作草书数纸东坡甚称赏之穆父从旁观曰鲁直之字
黄庭坚字鲁直号山谷道人是江西诗派的宗主他在诗歌理论上提出了点铁成金和夺胎换骨等说他的诗被称为
阅读下面两首宋诗完成后面题雨中登岳阳楼望君山二首黄庭坚①一投荒万死鬓毛斑生出瞿塘滟滪关②未到江南先一
阅读下面文言文完成第1～5题元祐①初山谷②与末坡钱穆父同游京师宝梵寺饭罢山谷作草书数纸东坡甚称赏之穆
张良传留侯张良者其先韩人也良尝闲从容步游下邳圯上有一老父衣褐至良所直堕其履圯下顾谓良曰孺子！下取履！
谷道是指
食道
胃
大小肠
肛门
淋病的湿热秽浊之气主要从哪里入侵
皮肤肌肉
口腔
谷道
下焦前阴窍口
气道
阅读下文元祐①初山谷②与东坡钱穆父同游京师宝梵寺饭罢山谷作草书数纸东坡甚称赏之穆父从旁观曰鲁直之字近
关于黄山谷的介绍不正确的是
号山谷道人
其诗书画号称“三绝”
与苏澈并称“苏黄”
晚号涪翁
阅读下面文言文段完成小题张良传留侯张良者其先韩人也良尝闲从容步游下邳圯上有一老父衣褐至良所直堕其履圯
阅读下面一篇古文完成后面的题目黄庭坚字鲁直洪州分宁人幼警悟读书数过辄诵舅李常过其家取架上书问之无不通
绿色营销是以满足消费者和经营者的共同利益为目的的社会绿色需求管理以保护生态环境为宗旨的绿色市场营销模
日本厂商根据市场调查，改变了铅笔红蓝黑三种固定色彩，推出了30多种中间色，制成轰动一时的“彩色铅笔”
五谷道场方便面的“非油炸，更健康”，倡导了一种新的理念与方式，其独特的卖点也赢得了市场的青睐
“华东盐水鸭”采用的鸭原料．选用“南京绿色农业基地”的产品，菜肴香味浓郁，富含金陵地方特色
王老吉红色的包装获得了足够的视觉冲击力和吸引力，加上在终端和渠道设计，王老吉获得了快速的发展
五谷道场打出非油炸更健康的口号这属于以下哪一种定位方式
心理定位
逆向定位
是非定位
观念转换定位
前阴病的发病机理有
湿邪影响任、带，以致湿浊下注而发病
脏腑功能失常累及前阴发病
前阴局部感染邪毒、病虫，或受外伤，可致病
湿热毒邪，蕴积于下
谷道不利，腑气不通
阅读下面的文字完成题目庭坚学问文章天成性得陈师道谓其诗得法杜甫学甫而不为者善行草书楷法亦自成一家与张
阅读下面的文字完成题目庭坚学问文章天成性得陈师道谓其诗得法杜甫学甫而不为者善行草书楷法亦自成一家与张
六年春扬声由斜谷道取眉①使赵云邓芝为疑军据箕谷魏大将军曹真举众拒之亮身率诸军攻祁山戎陈整齐赏罚肃而号
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Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadings andatextaboutnetworketiquette.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthe listA--Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphs ofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudon’t needtouse.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet1. Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwere probablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffirealthough nobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter. 41______Animalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignalsbuteventhe highestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewordsevenwiththemost intensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanis apparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesufficiently intelligentwemustsupposethathegraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfor differentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredthatspeechcouldbe usedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkthatinthisrespectpicture languageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhis cavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgoneorwhatpreyhehopedtocatch. 42______Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawn ofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwas agriculture.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthe humanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed. 43______44______Theseinventionsand discoveries—firespeechweaponsdomesticanimalsagricultureandwriting madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B. C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyears agotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislong periodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechniqueandtodevelopthe beliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoit.Therewasofcoursean immenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.Atfirstithadbeenconfined totheNiletheEuphratestheTigrisandtheIndusbutattheendofthe periodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreatestpartoftheinhabitableglobe.I donotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthetime. 45______A.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsideby side.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsingle factorinthedevelopmentofman.B.Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvance waswritingwhichlikespokenlanguagedevelopedoutofpicturesbutassoon asithadreachedacertainstageitwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmit informationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.C. Withthedevelopmentofcivilizationprimitivepeoplewholivedincavesat thattimebadlyneededalanguagewhichwouldhelpthemtocommunicatewithone another.D.Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.Nodoubtitbeganvery gradually.E.Infacttherewasprogress--therewereeventwoinventionsof verygreatimportancenamelygunpowderandthemariner’scompass--butneither ofthesecanbecomparedintheirrevolutionarypowertosuchthingsasspeech andwritingandagriculture.F.Thesewereatfirstonlythoseinwhich naturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolent resistancefromthepastoralnomadsbuttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailed intheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.G.Butindustrywas astepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparable untilourownmachineage.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonAnswerSheet1.Text1 Whenyoungpeoplewhowanttobe journalistsaskmewhatsubjecttheyshouldstudyafterleavingschoolI tellthem:Anythingexceptjournalismormediastudies.Mostveteransof mytradewouldsaythesame.Itispracticaladvice.Forobvious reasonsnewspapereditorsliketoemploypeoplewhocanbringsomething otherthanaknowledgeofthemediatothepartythatwecallour work.OnTheDailyTelegraphforexamplethe editorofLondonSpyisatheologianbyacademictraining.Theobituarieseditor isaphilosopher.TheeditorofourstudentmagazineJuicestudiedphysics.As formyselfIreadhistoryancientandmodernatthetaxpayer’s expense.IamnotsurewhatCharlesClarketheEducation Secretarywouldmakeofallthis.IfIunderstandhimcorrectlyhewouldthink thatthepublicmoneyspentonteachingthishugerangeofdisciplinestothe staffofTheDailyTelegraphwasprettymuchwasted.Theonlyacademic courseofwhichhewouldwholeheartedlyapproveinthelistabovewouldbe physics-butthenagainhewouldprobablythinkitaterriblewastethatSimon HoggchosetoeditJuiceinsteadofdesigningaeroplanesorbuildingnuclear reactors.Bythatheseemstomeanthateverythingtaughtatthepublic expenseshouldhaveadirectpracticalapplicationthatwillbenefitsociety andtheeconomy.Itisextremelyalarmingthatthemanincharge ofBritain’seducationsystemshouldthinkinthisnarrow-mindedhalf-witted way.Thetruthofcourseisthatallacademicdisciplinesbenefitsocietyand theeconomywhetherinadirectandobviouswayornot.Theyteach studentstothink--toprocessinformationandtodistinguishbetweenwhatis importantandunimportanttrueanduntrue.Aboveallacountryinwhich academicresearchandintelligentideasareallowedtoflourishisclearlya muchmoreinterestingstimulatingandenjoyableplacethanonewithout ornamentsinwhichmoneyandusefulnessareallthatcount. Mr.Clarkecertainlyhasapointwhenhesaysthatmuchofwhatistaught inBritain’suniversitiesisuseless.Butitisuselessforafarmore seriousreasonthanthatitlacksanyobviouseconomicutility.Asthe extraordinarilyhighdrop-outratetestifiesitisuselessbecauseitfailsthe firsttestofuniversityteaching---thatitshouldstimulatetheinterestof thosebeingtaught.Whenstudentsthemselvesthinkthattheircoursesarea wasteoftimeandmoneythenawastetheyare.Theansweris nottocutoffstatefundingforthehumanities.Itistooffershortno nonsensevocationalcoursestothosewhowanttolearnatradeandreserve universityplacesforthosewhowanttopursueanacademicdiscipline.Bythis meansagreatdealofwastedmoneycouldbesavedandallstudentsthe academicandthenoso-academic--wouldbenefit.WhatMr.ClarkeSeemstobe proposinginsteadisanactofculturalvandalismthatwouldrobBritainofall claimtobecalledacivilisedcountry.ThatmanysubjectstaughtatBritishcollegesareuselessismainlyowingto______.
Text2 Standard&Poor’smaintainsa cautiousstanceoncable-TVoperatorsinthewakeofVerizon’sVZannouncement inearlyMayofaggressivepricecutsforitsdigitalsubscriberlineDSL Internet-accessservice.OuroveralloutlookfortheS&PCable& Broadcastingindexwhichalsoincludessharesofover-the-airTVandradio broadcastersisneutraltomodestlypositive.Cableoperatorshavesofar ruledoutanovertpricewaronbroadbandservices.Howeverexpecttosee near-termresponseslikeincreasedbundlingofservicesextendedfreemonths moreaggressivemarketingandpromotionsevenmodestpricecutsfromcable outfitsthatoffermultipleservicessuchasbroadbandastheydefendtheir high-growthInternet-accessBusiness.Continuedrapidgrowthin digitalcableandhigh-speeddataserviceshelpedsupporttheindustry’songoing revenuegrowth.WeatS&Parewaryofpricepressuresonthelong-termand short-termeconomicsofcable’sbroadbandbusiness.That’sespeciallytrue asanotherBabyBellSBCCommunicationsSBCisalsoundercutting cable-serviceprovidersinmanycoremarkets.Intheir traditionalbusinesssegmentU.S.cableoperatorscontinuetobenefit fromamodestreboundinadvertisingspendingfollowingasignificantdownturn duringtheeconomicslumpthatstartedin2001.Theindustryhasactually increaseditsshareoftotalU.S.adspending.Thecablesectorposted uninterruptedrevenuegrowthduringtherecentdownturnasitsgreaterreliance onsubscriberrevenuesgivesitamoredefensiveposturethanbroadcasters. Subscriptionsremaintheindustry’sprimaryrevenuesource accountingforroughly65%ofthetotalwithadvertisingmakesupthe rest.Ournear-termoutlookforcableremainstemperedby heightenedlevelsofgeopoliticalanxietiesthoughtheIraqwar’sendhas alleviatedtheirimpactonadvertisingdemand.Meanwhilecoresubscription growthcontinuestobedrivenbyrobustratesofhigh-speeddatasign-upsandby improvedprospectsfordigital-videoancillaryofferingslikevideo-on-demand andhigh-definitionTV.Webelievethatsuccessfulmedia operatorswillcontinuetoanticipateratherthanreacttotheeverchanging dynamicsofanincreasinglycompetitivemediaenvironment.Evenwithincreased regulatorysurveillanceverticallyandhorizontallyintegratedmediaoperators shouldbegintowieldincreasingcompetitiveadvantagesastheyleverage operatingefficienciesandrealizesynergiesacrossmultipledelivery platforms.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.
Text2 Standard&Poor’smaintainsa cautiousstanceoncable-TVoperatorsinthewakeofVerizon’sVZannouncement inearlyMayofaggressivepricecutsforitsdigitalsubscriberlineDSL Internet-accessservice.OuroveralloutlookfortheS&PCable& Broadcastingindexwhichalsoincludessharesofover-the-airTVandradio broadcastersisneutraltomodestlypositive.Cableoperatorshavesofar ruledoutanovertpricewaronbroadbandservices.Howeverexpecttosee near-termresponseslikeincreasedbundlingofservicesextendedfreemonths moreaggressivemarketingandpromotionsevenmodestpricecutsfromcable outfitsthatoffermultipleservicessuchasbroadbandastheydefendtheir high-growthInternet-accessBusiness.Continuedrapidgrowthin digitalcableandhigh-speeddataserviceshelpedsupporttheindustry’songoing revenuegrowth.WeatS&Parewaryofpricepressuresonthelong-termand short-termeconomicsofcable’sbroadbandbusiness.That’sespeciallytrue asanotherBabyBellSBCCommunicationsSBCisalsoundercutting cable-serviceprovidersinmanycoremarkets.Intheir traditionalbusinesssegmentU.S.cableoperatorscontinuetobenefit fromamodestreboundinadvertisingspendingfollowingasignificantdownturn duringtheeconomicslumpthatstartedin2001.Theindustryhasactually increaseditsshareoftotalU.S.adspending.Thecablesectorposted uninterruptedrevenuegrowthduringtherecentdownturnasitsgreaterreliance onsubscriberrevenuesgivesitamoredefensiveposturethanbroadcasters. Subscriptionsremaintheindustry’sprimaryrevenuesource accountingforroughly65%ofthetotalwithadvertisingmakesupthe rest.Ournear-termoutlookforcableremainstemperedby heightenedlevelsofgeopoliticalanxietiesthoughtheIraqwar’sendhas alleviatedtheirimpactonadvertisingdemand.Meanwhilecoresubscription growthcontinuestobedrivenbyrobustratesofhigh-speeddatasign-upsandby improvedprospectsfordigital-videoancillaryofferingslikevideo-on-demand andhigh-definitionTV.Webelievethatsuccessfulmedia operatorswillcontinuetoanticipateratherthanreacttotheeverchanging dynamicsofanincreasinglycompetitivemediaenvironment.Evenwithincreased regulatorysurveillanceverticallyandhorizontallyintegratedmediaoperators shouldbegintowieldincreasingcompetitiveadvantagesastheyleverage operatingefficienciesandrealizesynergiesacrossmultipledelivery platforms.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheeconomicslump______.
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonAnswerSheet2. WashingtonJune22--Morethanthreedecadesafterthe EndangeredSpeciesActgavethefederalgovernmenttoolsandamandateto protectanimalsinsectsandplantsthreatenedwithextinctionthelandmarklaw isfacingthemostintenseeffortseverbytheWhiteHouseCongresslandowners andindustrytolimititsreach.46Morethananytimein thelaw’s32-yearhistorytheobligationsitimposesongovernmentand indirectlyonlandownersarebeingchallengedinthecourtsreworkedinthe agenciesresponsibleforenforcingitandre-examinedinCongress. InsomecasesthechallengesarebroadandsweepingaswhentheBush administrationinalegalbattleoverthebestwaytoprotectendangered salmondeclaredWesterndamstobeasmuch.apartofthelandscapeasthe riverstheycontrol.47Inotherstheactionsaredeepintherealmof regulatorybureaucracyaswhenaWhiteHouseappointeeattheInterior Departmentsoughttoinfluencescientificrecommendationsinvolvingthesage grouse松鸡abirdwhosehabitatincludesareasoflikelyoilandgas deposits.Someenvironmentalistsreadilyconcedethatthe lawhaslongoveremphasizedthestick处罚andprovidedfewercarrots奖励for privateintereststhanitmight.Butsomeofthemalsofearthatthelaw’s defectswillbeusedasajustificationforawholesale evisceration修改法案使之失去效力.There’sanalignmentoftheplanets ofpeopleagainsttheEndangeredSpeciesActinCongressintheWhiteHouseand intheagenciessaidJamieRappaportClarkexecutivevicepresidentof DefendersofWildlifealobbyinggroupbasedinWashington. 48OntheoppositesideRobertD.Thorntonalawyerfordevelopers andIndiantribesinSouthernCaliforniahasarguedforyearsthatthe governmentgoestoofartoprotectthreatenedspeciesandcurtails剥夺people’s abilitytousetheirownland.I’veraisedachildandsent himthroughcollegewaitingforCongresstoamendtheEndangeredSpeciesAct hesaid.ButIdothinkthatalotofforcesarejoiningnow. 49TheEndangeredSpeciesActof1973setoutagoalthatpolls showisstillwidelyadmired:ensuringthatspeciesfacingextinctionbesaved androbustpopulationsberestored.Currently1264species areconsideredthreatenedorendangered.Somelikethebighornsheepofthe SouthernCaliforniamountainshaveobviouspopularappealandaconstituency whileothersliketheKretschmarrCavemoldbeetleinSouthTexasarean acquiredtaste.Butinthepast30yearslawsuitsfromallsides haveproliferated.50AndmoreprivatelandparticularlyintheWesthas beendesignatedcriticalhabitatforspeciespotentiallysubjectingitto federalcontrolsthatcouldlimitconstructionloggingfishingand otheractivities.Acriticalhabitatdesignation givesthefederalgovernmentnodirectauthoritytoregulateprivatelanduse butitdoesrequirefederalagenciestotaketheissueintoaccountwhenmaking regulatorydecisionsaboutprivatedevelopment.Theconflicts arebecomingsharperastheneedsofnewlyrecognizedendangeredspeciesare interferingmoreoftenwiththedemandsofexurbandevelopment.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. GregFockerplayedbyBenStiller representsagenerationofAmericankids1inthe1980son thephilosophythatanyachievementhoweverslight2a ribbon.3replacedpunishment;criticismbecameadirty word.InTexasteacherswereadvisedto4usingred inkthecolourof5.InCaliforniaataskforcewasset upto6theconceptofselfworthintotheeducation system.Swathingyoungstersina7shieldofself-esteem wentthephilosophywouldprotectthemfromthenastythingsinlifesuchas badschoolgradesunderagesexdrugabusedead-endjobsand criminality.8thattheninth-place ribbonsareindangerofstranglingthe9childrenthey weresupposedtohelp.America’s10withself-esteem--like alldevelopmentsinpsychologyitgradually11itswayto Britain--hasturnedchildrenwhowere12with13 intoadultswho14ateventhemildestbrickbats. Manybelievethatthefeel-goodculturehasrisenatthe15 oftraditionaleducationanopinionespousedinanewbook DumbingDownOurKids:WhyAmericanChildrenFeelGoodAboutThemselves ButCan’tReadWriteorAddbytheconservativecommentatorCharles Sykes.Notonlythatbutthefoundations16 whichtheself-esteemindustryisbuiltarebeing17 asdecidedlyshaky.RoyBaumeisterprofessorofpsychologyatFlorida StateUniversityandonceaself-esteementhusiastisnow 18arevisionofthepopulistorthodoxy.Afterall theseyearsI’msorrytosaymyrecommendationisthis:forgetabout self-esteemand19moreonself-controland self-dlsciplinehewroterecently.Recentworksuggeststhiswouldbe goodfortheindividualandgoodforsociety--andmightevenbeableto 20someofthosepromisesthatself-esteemoncemadebutcould notkeep.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. GregFockerplayedbyBenStiller representsagenerationofAmericankids1inthe1980son thephilosophythatanyachievementhoweverslight2a ribbon.3replacedpunishment;criticismbecameadirty word.InTexasteacherswereadvisedto4usingred inkthecolourof5.InCaliforniaataskforcewasset upto6theconceptofselfworthintotheeducation system.Swathingyoungstersina7shieldofself-esteem wentthephilosophywouldprotectthemfromthenastythingsinlifesuchas badschoolgradesunderagesexdrugabusedead-endjobsand criminality.8thattheninth-place ribbonsareindangerofstranglingthe9childrenthey weresupposedtohelp.America’s10withself-esteem--like alldevelopmentsinpsychologyitgradually11itswayto Britain--hasturnedchildrenwhowere12with13 intoadultswho14ateventhemildestbrickbats. Manybelievethatthefeel-goodculturehasrisenatthe15 oftraditionaleducationanopinionespousedinanewbook DumbingDownOurKids:WhyAmericanChildrenFeelGoodAboutThemselves ButCan’tReadWriteorAddbytheconservativecommentatorCharles Sykes.Notonlythatbutthefoundations16 whichtheself-esteemindustryisbuiltarebeing17 asdecidedlyshaky.RoyBaumeisterprofessorofpsychologyatFlorida StateUniversityandonceaself-esteementhusiastisnow 18arevisionofthepopulistorthodoxy.Afterall theseyearsI’msorrytosaymyrecommendationisthis:forgetabout self-esteemand19moreonself-controland self-dlsciplinehewroterecently.Recentworksuggeststhiswouldbe goodfortheindividualandgoodforsociety--andmightevenbeableto 20someofthosepromisesthatself-esteemoncemadebutcould notkeep.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonAnswerSheet2. WashingtonJune22--Morethanthreedecadesafterthe EndangeredSpeciesActgavethefederalgovernmenttoolsandamandateto protectanimalsinsectsandplantsthreatenedwithextinctionthelandmarklaw isfacingthemostintenseeffortseverbytheWhiteHouseCongresslandowners andindustrytolimititsreach.46Morethananytimein thelaw’s32-yearhistorytheobligationsitimposesongovernmentand indirectlyonlandownersarebeingchallengedinthecourtsreworkedinthe agenciesresponsibleforenforcingitandre-examinedinCongress. InsomecasesthechallengesarebroadandsweepingaswhentheBush administrationinalegalbattleoverthebestwaytoprotectendangered salmondeclaredWesterndamstobeasmuch.apartofthelandscapeasthe riverstheycontrol.47Inotherstheactionsaredeepintherealmof regulatorybureaucracyaswhenaWhiteHouseappointeeattheInterior Departmentsoughttoinfluencescientificrecommendationsinvolvingthesage grouse松鸡abirdwhosehabitatincludesareasoflikelyoilandgas deposits.Someenvironmentalistsreadilyconcedethatthe lawhaslongoveremphasizedthestick处罚andprovidedfewercarrots奖励for privateintereststhanitmight.Butsomeofthemalsofearthatthelaw’s defectswillbeusedasajustificationforawholesale evisceration修改法案使之失去效力.There’sanalignmentoftheplanets ofpeopleagainsttheEndangeredSpeciesActinCongressintheWhiteHouseand intheagenciessaidJamieRappaportClarkexecutivevicepresidentof DefendersofWildlifealobbyinggroupbasedinWashington. 48OntheoppositesideRobertD.Thorntonalawyerfordevelopers andIndiantribesinSouthernCaliforniahasarguedforyearsthatthe governmentgoestoofartoprotectthreatenedspeciesandcurtails剥夺people’s abilitytousetheirownland.I’veraisedachildandsent himthroughcollegewaitingforCongresstoamendtheEndangeredSpeciesAct hesaid.ButIdothinkthatalotofforcesarejoiningnow. 49TheEndangeredSpeciesActof1973setoutagoalthatpolls showisstillwidelyadmired:ensuringthatspeciesfacingextinctionbesaved androbustpopulationsberestored.Currently1264species areconsideredthreatenedorendangered.Somelikethebighornsheepofthe SouthernCaliforniamountainshaveobviouspopularappealandaconstituency whileothersliketheKretschmarrCavemoldbeetleinSouthTexasarean acquiredtaste.Butinthepast30yearslawsuitsfromallsides haveproliferated.50AndmoreprivatelandparticularlyintheWesthas beendesignatedcriticalhabitatforspeciespotentiallysubjectingitto federalcontrolsthatcouldlimitconstructionloggingfishingand otheractivities.Acriticalhabitatdesignation givesthefederalgovernmentnodirectauthoritytoregulateprivatelanduse butitdoesrequirefederalagenciestotaketheissueintoaccountwhenmaking regulatorydecisionsaboutprivatedevelopment.Theconflicts arebecomingsharperastheneedsofnewlyrecognizedendangeredspeciesare interferingmoreoftenwiththedemandsofexurbandevelopment.
Text4 TheNetsuccessofLazySunday representsadefiningmomentforthefilmandtelevisionbusiness.Advancesin digitalvideoandbroadbandhavevastlyloweredthecostofproductionand distribution.Filmmakersarenowfollowingthepathblazedbybloggersand musicianscheaplycreatinganduploadingtheirworktotheWeb.Ifitappeals toanyoftheNet’snichesmillionsofuserswillpassalongtheirfilms throughe-maildownloadsorlinks.It’sthedawnofthedemocratizationofthe TVandfilmbusiness--evenunknownpersonalitiesarebeingpropelledbythe enthusiasmoftheirfansintopop-cultureprominencesometimeswithouteven traditionalintermediariesliketalentagentsorfilmfestivals. Thisislikebypasssurgery’saysDanHarmonafilmmakerwhosemonthly L.A.-basedfilmclubandWebsiteChannel101letsmemberssubmitshort videossuchastherecent70s’musicmockumentaryYachtRockandvoteon whichtheylikebest.Finallywehaveanewgoldenagewheretheartisthasa directconnectiontotheaudience;ThedirectorsbehindLazy Sundayembodythephenomenon.Whentheshaggy-hairedSamberg27graduated fromNYUFilmSchoolin2001hefacedtheconventionalchallengeorcrashing thegatesOfHollywood.WithhistwochildhoodfriendsAkivaSchafferandJorma Tacconehecameupwithanunconventionalsolution:theystartedrecording musicparodiesandcomicvideosandpostingthemtotheirWebsite TheLonelyisland.com.Thematerialgottheattentionof producersattheoldABCsitcomSpinCitywhereSambergandTacconeworkedas low-levelassistants;theproducerssentacompilationtoatalentagency.The friendsgotanagentmadeacoupleofpilotTVsketchshowsforComedyCentral andFoxfeaturingthemselveshammingitupinnearlyalltherolesandwrote jokesfortheMTVMovieAwards.Evenwhenthenetworkspassedontheirpilots Sambergandhisfriendssimplypostedtheepisodesonlineandtheirfanbase--at 40000uniquevisitorsamonthearlierthisyear--grewlarger.LastAugust SambergjoinedtheSNLcastandSchafferandTacconebecamewriters.Nowthey shareanofficeinRockefellerCenterandarealittletoocuteforeveryone SambergsaysWearefriendslivingourdream.Shortfunny videoslikeLazySundayhappentotranslateonlinebutnoteverythingworks aswell.Bite-sizefilmsaremorepracticalthanlongerones;comedyplays betterthandrama.Butalmosteverythingisworthtryingsincethetools tocreateandpostvideoarenowsocheapandadhocaudiencescanformaround anysensibilityhowevereccentric.Itisimpliedinthetextthat______.
Text4 TheNetsuccessofLazySunday representsadefiningmomentforthefilmandtelevisionbusiness.Advancesin digitalvideoandbroadbandhavevastlyloweredthecostofproductionand distribution.Filmmakersarenowfollowingthepathblazedbybloggersand musicianscheaplycreatinganduploadingtheirworktotheWeb.Ifitappeals toanyoftheNet’snichesmillionsofuserswillpassalongtheirfilms throughe-maildownloadsorlinks.It’sthedawnofthedemocratizationofthe TVandfilmbusiness--evenunknownpersonalitiesarebeingpropelledbythe enthusiasmoftheirfansintopop-cultureprominencesometimeswithouteven traditionalintermediariesliketalentagentsorfilmfestivals. Thisislikebypasssurgery’saysDanHarmonafilmmakerwhosemonthly L.A.-basedfilmclubandWebsiteChannel101letsmemberssubmitshort videossuchastherecent70s’musicmockumentaryYachtRockandvoteon whichtheylikebest.Finallywehaveanewgoldenagewheretheartisthasa directconnectiontotheaudience;ThedirectorsbehindLazy Sundayembodythephenomenon.Whentheshaggy-hairedSamberg27graduated fromNYUFilmSchoolin2001hefacedtheconventionalchallengeorcrashing thegatesOfHollywood.WithhistwochildhoodfriendsAkivaSchafferandJorma Tacconehecameupwithanunconventionalsolution:theystartedrecording musicparodiesandcomicvideosandpostingthemtotheirWebsite TheLonelyisland.com.Thematerialgottheattentionof producersattheoldABCsitcomSpinCitywhereSambergandTacconeworkedas low-levelassistants;theproducerssentacompilationtoatalentagency.The friendsgotanagentmadeacoupleofpilotTVsketchshowsforComedyCentral andFoxfeaturingthemselveshammingitupinnearlyalltherolesandwrote jokesfortheMTVMovieAwards.Evenwhenthenetworkspassedontheirpilots Sambergandhisfriendssimplypostedtheepisodesonlineandtheirfanbase--at 40000uniquevisitorsamonthearlierthisyear--grewlarger.LastAugust SambergjoinedtheSNLcastandSchafferandTacconebecamewriters.Nowthey shareanofficeinRockefellerCenterandarealittletoocuteforeveryone SambergsaysWearefriendslivingourdream.Shortfunny videoslikeLazySundayhappentotranslateonlinebutnoteverythingworks aswell.Bite-sizefilmsaremorepracticalthanlongerones;comedyplays betterthandrama.Butalmosteverythingisworthtryingsincethetools tocreateandpostvideoarenowsocheapandadhocaudiencescanformaround anysensibilityhowevereccentric.WhichofthefollowingcontributedmosttotheNetsuccessofLazySunday
Text3 Thislineofinquirydidnotbegin untilearlierthismonth--morethanthreemonthsaftertheaccident--because thereweretoomanyemotionstoomanyegossaidretiredAdm.HaroldGehman chairmanoftheColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoard. TestifyingbeforetheSenateCommerceCommitteeGehmansaidthispartof hisinquiryWasinitsearlieststagesstartingjust10daysago.ButGehman saidhealreadyhasconcludeditisinconceivablethatNASAwouldhavebeen unableorunwillingtoattemptarescueforastronautsinorbitifsenior shuttlemanagersandadministratorshadknowntherewasfataldamageto Columbia’sleftwing.Gehmantoldreportersafterthehearing thatanswerstotheseimportantquestionscouldhaveenormousimpactsincethey couldplaceinadifferentcontextNASA’sdecisionsagainstmoreaggressively checkingpossiblewingdamageinthedaysbeforeColumbia’sfatal return.Investigatorsbelievebreakawayinsulatingfoamdamaged partofColumbia’swingShortlyafterliftoffallowingsuperheatedairto penetratethewingduringitsfieryre-entryonFeb.1andmeltitfromthe inside.AmongthosedecisionswasthechoicebyNASA’ssenior shuttlemanagersandadministratorstorejectoffersofsatelliteimagesof possibledamagetoColumbia’sleftwingbeforetheaccident.Thesubject dominatedtheearlypartofWednesday’shearing.Gehmancomplained thatmanagersandadministratorsmissedsignalswhentheyrejectedthose offersforimagesapointedlyharshassessmentofthespaceagency’sinaction duringthe16dayshuttlemission.Wewillattempttopinthis issuedowninourreportbuttherewereanumberofbureaucraticand administrativemissedsignalshereGehmantoldsenators.We’renotquiteso happywiththeprocess.Theinvestigativeboardalreadyhad recommendedthatNASApushforbettercoordinationbetweenthespaceagencyand militaryofficesinchargeofsatellitesandtelescopes.TheU.S.National ImageryandMappingAgencyinMarchagreedtoregularlycapturedetailed satelliteimagesofspaceshuttlesinorbit.StillGehmansaid itwasunclearwhetherevenimagesfromAmerica’smostsophisticatedspy satellitesmighthavedetectedonColumbia’swinganydamagewhichGehmansaid couldhavebeenassmallastwoinchessquare.Theprecisecapabilitiesof suchsatelliteswasasensitivetopicduringtheSenate hearing.WhatdoesthewordtheyPara.’3Line2referto
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonAnswerSheet1.Text1 Whenyoungpeoplewhowanttobe journalistsaskmewhatsubjecttheyshouldstudyafterleavingschoolI tellthem:Anythingexceptjournalismormediastudies.Mostveteransof mytradewouldsaythesame.Itispracticaladvice.Forobvious reasonsnewspapereditorsliketoemploypeoplewhocanbringsomething otherthanaknowledgeofthemediatothepartythatwecallour work.OnTheDailyTelegraphforexamplethe editorofLondonSpyisatheologianbyacademictraining.Theobituarieseditor isaphilosopher.TheeditorofourstudentmagazineJuicestudiedphysics.As formyselfIreadhistoryancientandmodernatthetaxpayer’s expense.IamnotsurewhatCharlesClarketheEducation Secretarywouldmakeofallthis.IfIunderstandhimcorrectlyhewouldthink thatthepublicmoneyspentonteachingthishugerangeofdisciplinestothe staffofTheDailyTelegraphwasprettymuchwasted.Theonlyacademic courseofwhichhewouldwholeheartedlyapproveinthelistabovewouldbe physics-butthenagainhewouldprobablythinkitaterriblewastethatSimon HoggchosetoeditJuiceinsteadofdesigningaeroplanesorbuildingnuclear reactors.Bythatheseemstomeanthateverythingtaughtatthepublic expenseshouldhaveadirectpracticalapplicationthatwillbenefitsociety andtheeconomy.Itisextremelyalarmingthatthemanincharge ofBritain’seducationsystemshouldthinkinthisnarrow-mindedhalf-witted way.Thetruthofcourseisthatallacademicdisciplinesbenefitsocietyand theeconomywhetherinadirectandobviouswayornot.Theyteach studentstothink--toprocessinformationandtodistinguishbetweenwhatis importantandunimportanttrueanduntrue.Aboveallacountryinwhich academicresearchandintelligentideasareallowedtoflourishisclearlya muchmoreinterestingstimulatingandenjoyableplacethanonewithout ornamentsinwhichmoneyandusefulnessareallthatcount. Mr.Clarkecertainlyhasapointwhenhesaysthatmuchofwhatistaught inBritain’suniversitiesisuseless.Butitisuselessforafarmore seriousreasonthanthatitlacksanyobviouseconomicutility.Asthe extraordinarilyhighdrop-outratetestifiesitisuselessbecauseitfailsthe firsttestofuniversityteaching---thatitshouldstimulatetheinterestof thosebeingtaught.Whenstudentsthemselvesthinkthattheircoursesarea wasteoftimeandmoneythenawastetheyare.Theansweris nottocutoffstatefundingforthehumanities.Itistooffershortno nonsensevocationalcoursestothosewhowanttolearnatradeandreserve universityplacesforthosewhowanttopursueanacademicdiscipline.Bythis meansagreatdealofwastedmoneycouldbesavedandallstudentsthe academicandthenoso-academic--wouldbenefit.WhatMr.ClarkeSeemstobe proposinginsteadisanactofculturalvandalismthatwouldrobBritainofall claimtobecalledacivilisedcountry.CharlesClarkeasdescribedinthepassagewouldprobablyagreethat______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. GregFockerplayedbyBenStiller representsagenerationofAmericankids1inthe1980son thephilosophythatanyachievementhoweverslight2a ribbon.3replacedpunishment;criticismbecameadirty word.InTexasteacherswereadvisedto4usingred inkthecolourof5.InCaliforniaataskforcewasset upto6theconceptofselfworthintotheeducation system.Swathingyoungstersina7shieldofself-esteem wentthephilosophywouldprotectthemfromthenastythingsinlifesuchas badschoolgradesunderagesexdrugabusedead-endjobsand criminality.8thattheninth-place ribbonsareindangerofstranglingthe9childrenthey weresupposedtohelp.America’s10withself-esteem--like alldevelopmentsinpsychologyitgradually11itswayto Britain--hasturnedchildrenwhowere12with13 intoadultswho14ateventhemildestbrickbats. Manybelievethatthefeel-goodculturehasrisenatthe15 oftraditionaleducationanopinionespousedinanewbook DumbingDownOurKids:WhyAmericanChildrenFeelGoodAboutThemselves ButCan’tReadWriteorAddbytheconservativecommentatorCharles Sykes.Notonlythatbutthefoundations16 whichtheself-esteemindustryisbuiltarebeing17 asdecidedlyshaky.RoyBaumeisterprofessorofpsychologyatFlorida StateUniversityandonceaself-esteementhusiastisnow 18arevisionofthepopulistorthodoxy.Afterall theseyearsI’msorrytosaymyrecommendationisthis:forgetabout self-esteemand19moreonself-controland self-dlsciplinehewroterecently.Recentworksuggeststhiswouldbe goodfortheindividualandgoodforsociety--andmightevenbeableto 20someofthosepromisesthatself-esteemoncemadebutcould notkeep.
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
Text2 Standard&Poor’smaintainsa cautiousstanceoncable-TVoperatorsinthewakeofVerizon’sVZannouncement inearlyMayofaggressivepricecutsforitsdigitalsubscriberlineDSL Internet-accessservice.OuroveralloutlookfortheS&PCable& Broadcastingindexwhichalsoincludessharesofover-the-airTVandradio broadcastersisneutraltomodestlypositive.Cableoperatorshavesofar ruledoutanovertpricewaronbroadbandservices.Howeverexpecttosee near-termresponseslikeincreasedbundlingofservicesextendedfreemonths moreaggressivemarketingandpromotionsevenmodestpricecutsfromcable outfitsthatoffermultipleservicessuchasbroadbandastheydefendtheir high-growthInternet-accessBusiness.Continuedrapidgrowthin digitalcableandhigh-speeddataserviceshelpedsupporttheindustry’songoing revenuegrowth.WeatS&Parewaryofpricepressuresonthelong-termand short-termeconomicsofcable’sbroadbandbusiness.That’sespeciallytrue asanotherBabyBellSBCCommunicationsSBCisalsoundercutting cable-serviceprovidersinmanycoremarkets.Intheir traditionalbusinesssegmentU.S.cableoperatorscontinuetobenefit fromamodestreboundinadvertisingspendingfollowingasignificantdownturn duringtheeconomicslumpthatstartedin2001.Theindustryhasactually increaseditsshareoftotalU.S.adspending.Thecablesectorposted uninterruptedrevenuegrowthduringtherecentdownturnasitsgreaterreliance onsubscriberrevenuesgivesitamoredefensiveposturethanbroadcasters. Subscriptionsremaintheindustry’sprimaryrevenuesource accountingforroughly65%ofthetotalwithadvertisingmakesupthe rest.Ournear-termoutlookforcableremainstemperedby heightenedlevelsofgeopoliticalanxietiesthoughtheIraqwar’sendhas alleviatedtheirimpactonadvertisingdemand.Meanwhilecoresubscription growthcontinuestobedrivenbyrobustratesofhigh-speeddatasign-upsandby improvedprospectsfordigital-videoancillaryofferingslikevideo-on-demand andhigh-definitionTV.Webelievethatsuccessfulmedia operatorswillcontinuetoanticipateratherthanreacttotheeverchanging dynamicsofanincreasinglycompetitivemediaenvironment.Evenwithincreased regulatorysurveillanceverticallyandhorizontallyintegratedmediaoperators shouldbegintowieldincreasingcompetitiveadvantagesastheyleverage operatingefficienciesandrealizesynergiesacrossmultipledelivery platforms.FromthefirstparagraphwecanseethatVerizon’sannouncementofpricecuts______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. GregFockerplayedbyBenStiller representsagenerationofAmericankids1inthe1980son thephilosophythatanyachievementhoweverslight2a ribbon.3replacedpunishment;criticismbecameadirty word.InTexasteacherswereadvisedto4usingred inkthecolourof5.InCaliforniaataskforcewasset upto6theconceptofselfworthintotheeducation system.Swathingyoungstersina7shieldofself-esteem wentthephilosophywouldprotectthemfromthenastythingsinlifesuchas badschoolgradesunderagesexdrugabusedead-endjobsand criminality.8thattheninth-place ribbonsareindangerofstranglingthe9childrenthey weresupposedtohelp.America’s10withself-esteem--like alldevelopmentsinpsychologyitgradually11itswayto Britain--hasturnedchildrenwhowere12with13 intoadultswho14ateventhemildestbrickbats. Manybelievethatthefeel-goodculturehasrisenatthe15 oftraditionaleducationanopinionespousedinanewbook DumbingDownOurKids:WhyAmericanChildrenFeelGoodAboutThemselves ButCan’tReadWriteorAddbytheconservativecommentatorCharles Sykes.Notonlythatbutthefoundations16 whichtheself-esteemindustryisbuiltarebeing17 asdecidedlyshaky.RoyBaumeisterprofessorofpsychologyatFlorida StateUniversityandonceaself-esteementhusiastisnow 18arevisionofthepopulistorthodoxy.Afterall theseyearsI’msorrytosaymyrecommendationisthis:forgetabout self-esteemand19moreonself-controland self-dlsciplinehewroterecently.Recentworksuggeststhiswouldbe goodfortheindividualandgoodforsociety--andmightevenbeableto 20someofthosepromisesthatself-esteemoncemadebutcould notkeep.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadings andatextaboutnetworketiquette.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthe listA--Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphs ofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudon’t needtouse.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet1. Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwere probablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffirealthough nobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter. 41______Animalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignalsbuteventhe highestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewordsevenwiththemost intensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanis apparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesufficiently intelligentwemustsupposethathegraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfor differentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredthatspeechcouldbe usedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkthatinthisrespectpicture languageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhis cavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgoneorwhatpreyhehopedtocatch. 42______Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawn ofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwas agriculture.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthe humanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed. 43______44______Theseinventionsand discoveries—firespeechweaponsdomesticanimalsagricultureandwriting madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B. C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyears agotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislong periodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechniqueandtodevelopthe beliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoit.Therewasofcoursean immenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.Atfirstithadbeenconfined totheNiletheEuphratestheTigrisandtheIndusbutattheendofthe periodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreatestpartoftheinhabitableglobe.I donotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthetime. 45______A.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsideby side.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsingle factorinthedevelopmentofman.B.Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvance waswritingwhichlikespokenlanguagedevelopedoutofpicturesbutassoon asithadreachedacertainstageitwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmit informationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.C. Withthedevelopmentofcivilizationprimitivepeoplewholivedincavesat thattimebadlyneededalanguagewhichwouldhelpthemtocommunicatewithone another.D.Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.Nodoubtitbeganvery gradually.E.Infacttherewasprogress--therewereeventwoinventionsof verygreatimportancenamelygunpowderandthemariner’scompass--butneither ofthesecanbecomparedintheirrevolutionarypowertosuchthingsasspeech andwritingandagriculture.F.Thesewereatfirstonlythoseinwhich naturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolent resistancefromthepastoralnomadsbuttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailed intheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.G.Butindustrywas astepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparable untilourownmachineage.
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
Directions: YouarerequiredtowriteamemorandumonbehalfoftheStudents’Unionencouragingallthestudentsandteachersonyourcampustomakedonationsforpeopleinfloodedregionsofourcountry.Inyourwritingyoushouldcoverthefollowingpoints: 1difficultiesconfrontingpeopleinfloodedareas 2appealstothereadersand 3timeandplacetocollectthedonations. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyonAnswerSheet2.
Text3 Thislineofinquirydidnotbegin untilearlierthismonth--morethanthreemonthsaftertheaccident--because thereweretoomanyemotionstoomanyegossaidretiredAdm.HaroldGehman chairmanoftheColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoard. TestifyingbeforetheSenateCommerceCommitteeGehmansaidthispartof hisinquiryWasinitsearlieststagesstartingjust10daysago.ButGehman saidhealreadyhasconcludeditisinconceivablethatNASAwouldhavebeen unableorunwillingtoattemptarescueforastronautsinorbitifsenior shuttlemanagersandadministratorshadknowntherewasfataldamageto Columbia’sleftwing.Gehmantoldreportersafterthehearing thatanswerstotheseimportantquestionscouldhaveenormousimpactsincethey couldplaceinadifferentcontextNASA’sdecisionsagainstmoreaggressively checkingpossiblewingdamageinthedaysbeforeColumbia’sfatal return.Investigatorsbelievebreakawayinsulatingfoamdamaged partofColumbia’swingShortlyafterliftoffallowingsuperheatedairto penetratethewingduringitsfieryre-entryonFeb.1andmeltitfromthe inside.AmongthosedecisionswasthechoicebyNASA’ssenior shuttlemanagersandadministratorstorejectoffersofsatelliteimagesof possibledamagetoColumbia’sleftwingbeforetheaccident.Thesubject dominatedtheearlypartofWednesday’shearing.Gehmancomplained thatmanagersandadministratorsmissedsignalswhentheyrejectedthose offersforimagesapointedlyharshassessmentofthespaceagency’sinaction duringthe16dayshuttlemission.Wewillattempttopinthis issuedowninourreportbuttherewereanumberofbureaucraticand administrativemissedsignalshereGehmantoldsenators.We’renotquiteso happywiththeprocess.Theinvestigativeboardalreadyhad recommendedthatNASApushforbettercoordinationbetweenthespaceagencyand militaryofficesinchargeofsatellitesandtelescopes.TheU.S.National ImageryandMappingAgencyinMarchagreedtoregularlycapturedetailed satelliteimagesofspaceshuttlesinorbit.StillGehmansaid itwasunclearwhetherevenimagesfromAmerica’smostsophisticatedspy satellitesmighthavedetectedonColumbia’swinganydamagewhichGehmansaid couldhavebeenassmallastwoinchessquare.Theprecisecapabilitiesof suchsatelliteswasasensitivetopicduringtheSenate hearing.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. GregFockerplayedbyBenStiller representsagenerationofAmericankids1inthe1980son thephilosophythatanyachievementhoweverslight2a ribbon.3replacedpunishment;criticismbecameadirty word.InTexasteacherswereadvisedto4usingred inkthecolourof5.InCaliforniaataskforcewasset upto6theconceptofselfworthintotheeducation system.Swathingyoungstersina7shieldofself-esteem wentthephilosophywouldprotectthemfromthenastythingsinlifesuchas badschoolgradesunderagesexdrugabusedead-endjobsand criminality.8thattheninth-place ribbonsareindangerofstranglingthe9childrenthey weresupposedtohelp.America’s10withself-esteem--like alldevelopmentsinpsychologyitgradually11itswayto Britain--hasturnedchildrenwhowere12with13 intoadultswho14ateventhemildestbrickbats. Manybelievethatthefeel-goodculturehasrisenatthe15 oftraditionaleducationanopinionespousedinanewbook DumbingDownOurKids:WhyAmericanChildrenFeelGoodAboutThemselves ButCan’tReadWriteorAddbytheconservativecommentatorCharles Sykes.Notonlythatbutthefoundations16 whichtheself-esteemindustryisbuiltarebeing17 asdecidedlyshaky.RoyBaumeisterprofessorofpsychologyatFlorida StateUniversityandonceaself-esteementhusiastisnow 18arevisionofthepopulistorthodoxy.Afterall theseyearsI’msorrytosaymyrecommendationisthis:forgetabout self-esteemand19moreonself-controland self-dlsciplinehewroterecently.Recentworksuggeststhiswouldbe goodfortheindividualandgoodforsociety--andmightevenbeableto 20someofthosepromisesthatself-esteemoncemadebutcould notkeep.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. GregFockerplayedbyBenStiller representsagenerationofAmericankids1inthe1980son thephilosophythatanyachievementhoweverslight2a ribbon.3replacedpunishment;criticismbecameadirty word.InTexasteacherswereadvisedto4usingred inkthecolourof5.InCaliforniaataskforcewasset upto6theconceptofselfworthintotheeducation system.Swathingyoungstersina7shieldofself-esteem wentthephilosophywouldprotectthemfromthenastythingsinlifesuchas badschoolgradesunderagesexdrugabusedead-endjobsand criminality.8thattheninth-place ribbonsareindangerofstranglingthe9childrenthey weresupposedtohelp.America’s10withself-esteem--like alldevelopmentsinpsychologyitgradually11itswayto Britain--hasturnedchildrenwhowere12with13 intoadultswho14ateventhemildestbrickbats. Manybelievethatthefeel-goodculturehasrisenatthe15 oftraditionaleducationanopinionespousedinanewbook DumbingDownOurKids:WhyAmericanChildrenFeelGoodAboutThemselves ButCan’tReadWriteorAddbytheconservativecommentatorCharles Sykes.Notonlythatbutthefoundations16 whichtheself-esteemindustryisbuiltarebeing17 asdecidedlyshaky.RoyBaumeisterprofessorofpsychologyatFlorida StateUniversityandonceaself-esteementhusiastisnow 18arevisionofthepopulistorthodoxy.Afterall theseyearsI’msorrytosaymyrecommendationisthis:forgetabout self-esteemand19moreonself-controland self-dlsciplinehewroterecently.Recentworksuggeststhiswouldbe goodfortheindividualandgoodforsociety--andmightevenbeableto 20someofthosepromisesthatself-esteemoncemadebutcould notkeep.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadings andatextaboutnetworketiquette.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthe listA--Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphs ofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudon’t needtouse.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet1. Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwere probablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffirealthough nobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter. 41______Animalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignalsbuteventhe highestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewordsevenwiththemost intensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanis apparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesufficiently intelligentwemustsupposethathegraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfor differentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredthatspeechcouldbe usedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkthatinthisrespectpicture languageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhis cavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgoneorwhatpreyhehopedtocatch. 42______Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawn ofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwas agriculture.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthe humanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed. 43______44______Theseinventionsand discoveries—firespeechweaponsdomesticanimalsagricultureandwriting madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B. C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyears agotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislong periodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechniqueandtodevelopthe beliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoit.Therewasofcoursean immenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.Atfirstithadbeenconfined totheNiletheEuphratestheTigrisandtheIndusbutattheendofthe periodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreatestpartoftheinhabitableglobe.I donotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthetime. 45______A.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsideby side.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsingle factorinthedevelopmentofman.B.Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvance waswritingwhichlikespokenlanguagedevelopedoutofpicturesbutassoon asithadreachedacertainstageitwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmit informationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.C. Withthedevelopmentofcivilizationprimitivepeoplewholivedincavesat thattimebadlyneededalanguagewhichwouldhelpthemtocommunicatewithone another.D.Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.Nodoubtitbeganvery gradually.E.Infacttherewasprogress--therewereeventwoinventionsof verygreatimportancenamelygunpowderandthemariner’scompass--butneither ofthesecanbecomparedintheirrevolutionarypowertosuchthingsasspeech andwritingandagriculture.F.Thesewereatfirstonlythoseinwhich naturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolent resistancefromthepastoralnomadsbuttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailed intheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.G.Butindustrywas astepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparable untilourownmachineage.
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened________Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnot______the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic______followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe________oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution________upbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleading________throughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpictures________the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin________Itisimportanttodoso. Itisgenerallyrecognized________thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury________bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocess________itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately________Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecamepersonaltooaswellas________withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage________increasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeople________generationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch________. Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterminformationsocietybegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe________withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas________bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeen________viewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.Benefitshavebeenweighed________harmfuloutcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
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