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读图12，回答下列问题。 新西兰多火山地震，分析其成因，并概述火山旅游活动的主要内容。
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日本多火山地震的原因是
位于亚欧板块和非洲板块的交界处，多火山地震
位于太平洋板块和美洲板块交界处，多火山地震
位于印度洋板块内部，多火山地震
位于亚欧板块和太平洋板块的交界处，地壳活跃，多火山地震
地震的成因包括哪几种
构造地震和火山地震、喷岩地震
陷落地震、开裂地震和火山地震
构造地震、火山地震和陷落地震
开裂地震、喷岩地震和火山地震
读下图完成下列问题1请将字母A.环太平洋火山地震带和B.阿尔卑斯—喜马拉雅火山地震带填注在图中相应的
世界上主要有两大火山地震带它们分别是______火山地震带和____火山地震带
世界上主要有两大火山地震带它们分别是火山地震带和__火山地震带
天然地震主要分为
构造地震和塌陷地震
火山地震和塌陷地震
构造地震和火山地震
构造地震、火山地震和塌陷地震
日本耕地面积狭小与下列自然条件有关的是
气候的海洋性特征明显
国土的3/4为山地丘陵
位于火山地震带，多火山地震
沿岸多岛屿、半岛、海湾
读图12回答下列问题 新西兰多火山地震分析其成因并概述火山旅游活动的主要内容
读图12回答下列问题1简述新西兰对外联系的交通运输方式及其原因8分2分析南岛降水量西多东少的原因8分
读世界地图下图回答下列问题1A处有世界上水量原因从气候和流域面积等方面回答2B处所在的大陆内部形成了
读图完成下列要求1图中字母所代表的板块是A._______B.是_______C.是_______D
环太平洋火山地震带多火山地震的原因是
环太平洋火山地震带位于板块与板块交界处
环太平洋火山地震带位于板块内部，地壳稳定
环太平洋火山地震带位于大陆的边缘，地壳稳定
环太平洋火山地震带位于大河的沿岸，地壳活跃
.世界两大火山地震带是_____________火山地震带和____________________
读下图完成下列问题1请将字母A.环太平洋火山地震带和B.阿尔卑斯—喜马拉雅火山地震带填注在图中相应的
下列日本火山地震的叙述不正确的是
日本位于环太平洋火山地震带，所以日本多火山、地震
日本处于两大海洋板块的交界处，所以日本多火山地震
日本有大量的活火山
由于火山活动频繁，所以日本地热资源丰富
读图完成下列要求1图中字母所代表的板块是A._________B.是_________C.是____
读图12回答下列问题图121简述新西兰对外联系的交通运输方式及其原因8分2分析南岛降水量西多东少的原
读图回答下列问题1简述新西兰对外联系的交通运输方式及其原因3分2分析南岛降水量西多东少的原因2分3与
读下图回答问题1写出数字代表的名称大洲①_______②_______大洋③_______④____
读下图回答问题1写出数字代表的名称大洲①________②________大洋③________④_
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Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsofthedaynotheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreadingbutplainandsimple__51__. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspeciesandwhatdowe__52__dowithitWegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelivessuchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhomwho’sinandwho’sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildrenloversandcolleagues. SowhyarewekeenongossipingArewejustnatural__54__ofbothtimeandwordsOrdowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflifeIt’snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.InfactinhislatestbookGroomingGossipandtheEvolutionofLanguagethepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues. Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectivelyoreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalkarguesDunbar—__57__hegoesontosaylanguageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates灵长类动物likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingitmonkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit. AswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamilyDunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroupthegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhandthebiggerthegroupthegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbiggertheamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearlyamore__64__kindofgroomingwasneededandthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal有声的groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.
C IfyoucouldbeanybodyintheworldwhowoulditbeYourneighbourorasuperstarAfewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherpersonthankstoanunusualvirtualreality虚拟现实device.RikkeWahlanactressmodelandartistwasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlabaprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.SheswappedwithherpartneranactorusingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman.AsIlookeddownIsawmywholebodyasamandressedinmypartner’spantsshesaid.That’sthepictureIrememberbest. Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherpersonsowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarmyouseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarmsheseesit. Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson’sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofitparticipantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowlysothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventuallythiskindofslowsynchronised同步的movementbecomescomfortableandparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson’sbody. Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople’sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebias偏见thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon’tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTestwhichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople’sassociationsbetweenforinstanceblackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgoodbadathleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglassesbeforetakingthetestagain.Thistimetheparticipants’biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou’veputyourselfinanother’sshoesyou’relesslikelytothinkillofthembecauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson. ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult.AttheendofbodyswappingpeoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarmssaysArthurPointeauaprogrammerwiththeproject.It’sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreallyreallyrecommendittoeveryone.Thewordswappingparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.
补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分限选6个小题6分
阅读下面的文章完成15-18题 山水及自然景物的欣赏 郁达夫 ①自从亚里士多德的文学模仿论创定以来以为诗的起源是根据于模仿本能的学说到现在还没有绝迹富有独断性者甚至于说出所有的艺术都是自然的模仿虽则说得太独断太笼统但反过来说自然景物以及山水对于人生对于艺术都有绝大的影响绝大的威力却是一件千真万确的事情所以欣赏山水以及自然景物的心情就是欣赏艺术与人生的心情 ②自然的变化实在多而且奇没有准备的欣赏者对于他的美点也许会捉摸不十分完全的就单说一个天体罢早晨的日出中午的晴空傍晚的日落都是最美的景象若再配上以云和影的交替海与山的参错以及一切由人造的建筑园艺或种植畜牧的产物如稻麦牛羊飞鸟家畜之类则在一日之中就有万千新奇的变化更不必去说暗夜的群星月明的普照与四季寒暖的更迭了 ③我们人类都有一种特性就是喜新厌旧每想变更一碗最珍贵最可口的菜若每日吃着到了后来宁愿去换一碗粗肴淡菜来下饭唯有对于自然就决不会发生这一种感觉太阳自东方出来西方下去日日如此年年如此我们可没有听见说有厌看的还有月亮初一出月半圆月底全没有而无论哪一个人看了月亮总没有不喜欢的自然的伟大自然的与人类有不可须臾离的关系就此一点也可以看出来了 ④欣赏自然景物的本能是大家都有的不过有些人忙于衣食不便沉酣于大自然的美景有些人习以为常了虽在欣赏也没有欣赏的自觉更有些人将自然范围限制得很小以为能如此这般的欣赏自然景物就尽在他们的囊中了 ⑤我从前有位同事平时只晓得钻门路积私财以升官发财为惟一的人生乐趣现在他居然位至极品财积到了几百万了但闻他惟一娱乐还是出外则装学者的假面回家时印英国银行的存折对于自然山水非但不晓得欣赏并且还视若仇敌似的对于这种利欲熏心的人我以为对症的良药就只有一股山水自然的清凉散因为山水自然是可以使人性发现使人格净化的陶冶工具 ⑥自然景物所包涵的方面原是极博大极广阔的天地岁时社会人事静而观之无一不是自然无一不可以资欣赏但这却非要悠闲自得像朱夫子那样的道学先生才办得到至于我们这种庸人要想得到些自然的美感还是要上山水佳处去较为直截了当 ⑦大抵山水佳处总是自然景物的美点发挥得最完美最深刻的地方孔夫子到了川上就觉悟到了他的栖栖一代猎官求仕之非太史公游览了名山大川然后才死心塌地去发愤而著书可知我们平时所感受不到的自然的威力到了山高水长的风景聚处就会得同电光石火一样闪耀到我们的性灵上来 ⑧我曾经到过濑户内海去旅行月夜行舟四面青葱欲滴当时我就只想在海岸做一个半渔半读的乡下农民依船楼而四望真觉得物我两忘生死全空了后来也登过东海的崂山安徽的黄山更在天台雁荡之间逗留过一段时期总没有一次不感到人类的渺小天地的悠久所以要想欣赏自然的人还是先上山水优秀的地方去训练耳目最为适当 ⑨从前有一个赞美美术批评家拉斯肯的人说他在没有读过拉斯肯以前对于绘画犹如瞎子读了之后眼就开了这话对于高深的艺术品的欣赏或者是真的但对于自然美尤其是山水美的感受也未必尽然乡下愚夫愚妇的千里进香都市里寄住的小市民的窗槛栽花都是欣赏自然的心情的一丝表白我们只教天良不泯本性尚存但凭我们的直觉也就尽够做一个自然景物与高山大水的初步欣赏者了有删改 作者认为应该如何欣赏山水及自然景物请结合全文简要概括6分
Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsofthedaynotheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreadingbutplainandsimple__51__. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspeciesandwhatdowe__52__dowithitWegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelivessuchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhomwho’sinandwho’sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildrenloversandcolleagues. SowhyarewekeenongossipingArewejustnatural__54__ofbothtimeandwordsOrdowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflifeIt’snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.InfactinhislatestbookGroomingGossipandtheEvolutionofLanguagethepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues. Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectivelyoreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalkarguesDunbar—__57__hegoesontosaylanguageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates灵长类动物likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingitmonkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit. AswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamilyDunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroupthegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhandthebiggerthegroupthegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbiggertheamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearlyamore__64__kindofgroomingwasneededandthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal有声的groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.
Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsofthedaynotheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreadingbutplainandsimple__51__. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspeciesandwhatdowe__52__dowithitWegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelivessuchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhomwho’sinandwho’sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildrenloversandcolleagues. SowhyarewekeenongossipingArewejustnatural__54__ofbothtimeandwordsOrdowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflifeIt’snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.InfactinhislatestbookGroomingGossipandtheEvolutionofLanguagethepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues. Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectivelyoreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalkarguesDunbar—__57__hegoesontosaylanguageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates灵长类动物likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingitmonkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit. AswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamilyDunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroupthegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhandthebiggerthegroupthegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbiggertheamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearlyamore__64__kindofgroomingwasneededandthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal有声的groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.
请紧扣下面划横线句的观点结合论语和三国演义的有关内容运用排比修辞手法继续写一段意思完整的话不少于60字6分 和是中华文化精髓之一不少名著都蕴含有尚和精神
A Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagreeAnimalscan’ttalkbutcantheylieinotherwaysCantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehaviorAnimalexpertsmaynotcallitlyingbuttheydoagreethatmanyanimalsfrombirdstochimpanzeesbehavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.WhyDishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive. Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexampleabirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator猎食动物getsclosetoitsnesttheploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.HowItpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthehurtadultleavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest. Anotherkindofbirdthescrubjayburiesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklaterunburythefoodandburyitagainsomewhereelse. Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.HowTheydon’tmakenests.Insteadtheygetintootherbirds’nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeouttheiradoptiveparentsfeedthem. Chimpanzeesorchimpscanalsobesneaky.Afterafightthelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshandtoothechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain. Chimpsaresneakyinotherwaystoo.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylovesuchasbananasitisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatwayotherchimpsdon’thearthemandtheydon’tneedtosharetheirfood. AschildrenmanyofuslearnthesayingYoucan’tfoolMotherNature.Butmaybeyoucan’ttrusthereither. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage
B Let’ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.HowdoyoumakethathappenConsiderputtingthehabitlooptouse. Here’showitworks: Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.Firstthere’sacuesomethingthattellsyourbraintooperateautomatically.Thenthere’saroutine.Andfinallyarewardwhichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesirethebehavior.It’swhatyoucanusetocreate-orbreak-habitsofyourown. Here’showtoapplyit: Chooseacuelikeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoorthenpick.areward-sayapieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatwaythecueandtherewardbecomeinterconnected.Finallywhenyouseetheshoesyourbrainwillstartlongingfortherewardwhichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.ThebestpartInacoupleofweeksyouwon’tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwillcometoseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepointright What’sthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse
学校英语报正在酝酿改版拟从现有的三个栏目健康娱乐文化中去除一个并从三个备选栏目时尚职业规划读者反馈中挑选一个纳入该报假设你是该校学生程飞给校报编辑写一封电子邮件表达你的观点邮件须包括以下内容 1.你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由 2.你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由
没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了than
下列各句中没有语病的一项是
Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsofthedaynotheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreadingbutplainandsimple__51__. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspeciesandwhatdowe__52__dowithitWegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelivessuchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhomwho’sinandwho’sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildrenloversandcolleagues. SowhyarewekeenongossipingArewejustnatural__54__ofbothtimeandwordsOrdowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflifeIt’snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.InfactinhislatestbookGroomingGossipandtheEvolutionofLanguagethepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues. Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectivelyoreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalkarguesDunbar—__57__hegoesontosaylanguageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates灵长类动物likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingitmonkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit. AswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamilyDunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroupthegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhandthebiggerthegroupthegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbiggertheamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearlyamore__64__kindofgroomingwasneededandthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal有声的groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.
下列词语中没有错别字的一项是
我习惯睡前听点轻音乐accustomed
Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsofthedaynotheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreadingbutplainandsimple__51__. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspeciesandwhatdowe__52__dowithitWegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelivessuchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhomwho’sinandwho’sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildrenloversandcolleagues. SowhyarewekeenongossipingArewejustnatural__54__ofbothtimeandwordsOrdowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflifeIt’snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.InfactinhislatestbookGroomingGossipandtheEvolutionofLanguagethepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues. Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectivelyoreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalkarguesDunbar—__57__hegoesontosaylanguageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates灵长类动物likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingitmonkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit. AswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamilyDunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroupthegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhandthebiggerthegroupthegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbiggertheamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearlyamore__64__kindofgroomingwasneededandthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal有声的groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.
把第Ⅰ卷文言文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语8分尚书令沈约当世辞宗每见筠文咨嗟吟咏以为不逮也4分
Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsofthedaynotheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreadingbutplainandsimple__51__. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspeciesandwhatdowe__52__dowithitWegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelivessuchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhomwho’sinandwho’sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildrenloversandcolleagues. SowhyarewekeenongossipingArewejustnatural__54__ofbothtimeandwordsOrdowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflifeIt’snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.InfactinhislatestbookGroomingGossipandtheEvolutionofLanguagethepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues. Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectivelyoreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalkarguesDunbar—__57__hegoesontosaylanguageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates灵长类动物likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingitmonkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit. AswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamilyDunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroupthegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhandthebiggerthegroupthegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbiggertheamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearlyamore__64__kindofgroomingwasneededandthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal有声的groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.
阅读下面的文章完成15-18题 山水及自然景物的欣赏 郁达夫 ①自从亚里士多德的文学模仿论创定以来以为诗的起源是根据于模仿本能的学说到现在还没有绝迹富有独断性者甚至于说出所有的艺术都是自然的模仿虽则说得太独断太笼统但反过来说自然景物以及山水对于人生对于艺术都有绝大的影响绝大的威力却是一件千真万确的事情所以欣赏山水以及自然景物的心情就是欣赏艺术与人生的心情 ②自然的变化实在多而且奇没有准备的欣赏者对于他的美点也许会捉摸不十分完全的就单说一个天体罢早晨的日出中午的晴空傍晚的日落都是最美的景象若再配上以云和影的交替海与山的参错以及一切由人造的建筑园艺或种植畜牧的产物如稻麦牛羊飞鸟家畜之类则在一日之中就有万千新奇的变化更不必去说暗夜的群星月明的普照与四季寒暖的更迭了 ③我们人类都有一种特性就是喜新厌旧每想变更一碗最珍贵最可口的菜若每日吃着到了后来宁愿去换一碗粗肴淡菜来下饭唯有对于自然就决不会发生这一种感觉太阳自东方出来西方下去日日如此年年如此我们可没有听见说有厌看的还有月亮初一出月半圆月底全没有而无论哪一个人看了月亮总没有不喜欢的自然的伟大自然的与人类有不可须臾离的关系就此一点也可以看出来了 ④欣赏自然景物的本能是大家都有的不过有些人忙于衣食不便沉酣于大自然的美景有些人习以为常了虽在欣赏也没有欣赏的自觉更有些人将自然范围限制得很小以为能如此这般的欣赏自然景物就尽在他们的囊中了 ⑤我从前有位同事平时只晓得钻门路积私财以升官发财为惟一的人生乐趣现在他居然位至极品财积到了几百万了但闻他惟一娱乐还是出外则装学者的假面回家时印英国银行的存折对于自然山水非但不晓得欣赏并且还视若仇敌似的对于这种利欲熏心的人我以为对症的良药就只有一股山水自然的清凉散因为山水自然是可以使人性发现使人格净化的陶冶工具 ⑥自然景物所包涵的方面原是极博大极广阔的天地岁时社会人事静而观之无一不是自然无一不可以资欣赏但这却非要悠闲自得像朱夫子那样的道学先生才办得到至于我们这种庸人要想得到些自然的美感还是要上山水佳处去较为直截了当 ⑦大抵山水佳处总是自然景物的美点发挥得最完美最深刻的地方孔夫子到了川上就觉悟到了他的栖栖一代猎官求仕之非太史公游览了名山大川然后才死心塌地去发愤而著书可知我们平时所感受不到的自然的威力到了山高水长的风景聚处就会得同电光石火一样闪耀到我们的性灵上来 ⑧我曾经到过濑户内海去旅行月夜行舟四面青葱欲滴当时我就只想在海岸做一个半渔半读的乡下农民依船楼而四望真觉得物我两忘生死全空了后来也登过东海的崂山安徽的黄山更在天台雁荡之间逗留过一段时期总没有一次不感到人类的渺小天地的悠久所以要想欣赏自然的人还是先上山水优秀的地方去训练耳目最为适当 ⑨从前有一个赞美美术批评家拉斯肯的人说他在没有读过拉斯肯以前对于绘画犹如瞎子读了之后眼就开了这话对于高深的艺术品的欣赏或者是真的但对于自然美尤其是山水美的感受也未必尽然乡下愚夫愚妇的千里进香都市里寄住的小市民的窗槛栽花都是欣赏自然的心情的一丝表白我们只教天良不泯本性尚存但凭我们的直觉也就尽够做一个自然景物与高山大水的初步欣赏者了有删改 文中说欣赏山水以及自然景物的心情就是欣赏艺术与人生的心情请结合本文和下面的材料谈谈你对这句话的思考要求观点明确阐述河里有说服力6分 ①扫街的在树影下一阵扫后灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹看起来既觉得细腻又觉得清闲潜意识下并且还觉得有点落寞古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想大约也就在这些深沉的地方郁达夫故都的秋 ②陶渊明谢灵运这般人的山水诗那样的好是由于他们对于自然有那一股新鲜发现时身入化境浓酣忘我的趣味他们随手写来都成妙谛境与神会真气扑人宗白华论和晋人之美
阅读下面的清诗回答问题8分 秋暮吟望 赵执信 小阁高栖老一枝【注】闲吟了不为秋悲 寒山常带斜阳色新月偏明落叶时 烟水极天鸿有影霜风卷地菊无姿 二更短烛三升酒北斗低横未拟窥 【注】①一枝语出庄子逍遥游鸿鹄巢于深林不过一枝老一枝意为终老山林 简要赏析颔联中常偏两字的妙处3分
A Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagreeAnimalscan’ttalkbutcantheylieinotherwaysCantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehaviorAnimalexpertsmaynotcallitlyingbuttheydoagreethatmanyanimalsfrombirdstochimpanzeesbehavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.WhyDishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive. Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexampleabirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator猎食动物getsclosetoitsnesttheploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.HowItpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthehurtadultleavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest. Anotherkindofbirdthescrubjayburiesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklaterunburythefoodandburyitagainsomewhereelse. Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.HowTheydon’tmakenests.Insteadtheygetintootherbirds’nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeouttheiradoptiveparentsfeedthem. Chimpanzeesorchimpscanalsobesneaky.Afterafightthelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshandtoothechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain. Chimpsaresneakyinotherwaystoo.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylovesuchasbananasitisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatwayotherchimpsdon’thearthemandtheydon’tneedtosharetheirfood. AschildrenmanyofuslearnthesayingYoucan’tfoolMotherNature.Butmaybeyoucan’ttrusthereither. Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby______.
B Let’ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.HowdoyoumakethathappenConsiderputtingthehabitlooptouse. Here’showitworks: Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.Firstthere’sacuesomethingthattellsyourbraintooperateautomatically.Thenthere’saroutine.Andfinallyarewardwhichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesirethebehavior.It’swhatyoucanusetocreate-orbreak-habitsofyourown. Here’showtoapplyit: Chooseacuelikeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoorthenpick.areward-sayapieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatwaythecueandtherewardbecomeinterconnected.Finallywhenyouseetheshoesyourbrainwillstartlongingfortherewardwhichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.ThebestpartInacoupleofweeksyouwon’tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwillcometoseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepointright WhichofthefollowingbestfitsintheboxwithainTHEHABITLOOP
第Ⅰ卷文言文中王筠是怎样学习的请简要概括5分
MoreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporatesocialresponsibilityCSR.CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers.Themostbasicistraditionalcorporatecharitywork.Companiestypicallyspendabout1%ofpre-taxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butmanyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough.Insomecompaniesshareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbeingputtogooduseandemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoodworks. Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderattackfortheirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSRwhichisabranchofriskmanagement.Startinginthe1980swithenvironmentaldisasterssuchastheexplosionatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspillindustryafterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation. Socompaniesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theytalktonon-governmentalorganisationsNGOsandtogovernmentscreatecodesofconduct行为准则anddevotethemselvestomoretransparency透明intheiroperations.Increasinglytoo.theyalongwiththeircompetitorssetcommonrulestospreadrisks. Allthisislargelydefensivebuttherearealsoopportunitiesforthosethatgetaheadofthegame.TheemphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevalue.IfapproachedinastrategicwayCSRcouldbecomepartofacompany’scompetitiveadvantage.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaofdoingwellbydoinggoodhasbecomepopular. Neverthelessthebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficultquestionstoexecutives.CanyoumeasureCSRperformanceShouldyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourcompetitorsIsthereanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigcompanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.DonebadlyCSRisoftenjustwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewellthoughitisnotsomeseparateactivitythatcompaniesdoonthesideacornerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue美德itisjustgoodbusiness. Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDSBoth_________insomecompaniesfinditnolongerenoughtosimplydonatemoneytocharities.
C IfyoucouldbeanybodyintheworldwhowoulditbeYourneighbourorasuperstarAfewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherpersonthankstoanunusualvirtualreality虚拟现实device.RikkeWahlanactressmodelandartistwasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlabaprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.SheswappedwithherpartneranactorusingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman.AsIlookeddownIsawmywholebodyasamandressedinmypartner’spantsshesaid.That’sthepictureIrememberbest. Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherpersonsowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarmyouseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarmsheseesit. Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson’sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofitparticipantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowlysothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventuallythiskindofslowsynchronised同步的movementbecomescomfortableandparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson’sbody. Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople’sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebias偏见thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon’tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTestwhichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople’sassociationsbetweenforinstanceblackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgoodbadathleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglassesbeforetakingthetestagain.Thistimetheparticipants’biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou’veputyourselfinanother’sshoesyou’relesslikelytothinkillofthembecauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson. ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult.AttheendofbodyswappingpeoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarmssaysArthurPointeauaprogrammerwiththeproject.It’sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreallyreallyrecommendittoeveryone.IntheImplicitAssociationTestbeforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalcharacter______.
阅读下面文言文完成8—9题 王筠字元礼一字德柔琅邪临沂人筠幼警寤七岁能属文年十六为芍药赋甚美及长清静好学与从兄泰齐名陈郡谢览览弟举亦有重誉时人为之语曰谢有览举王有养炬炬是泰养即筠并小字也 起家中军临川王行参军迁太子舍人除尚书殿中郎王氏过江以来未有居郎署者或劝逡巡不就筠曰陆平原东南之秀王文度独步江东吾得比踪昔人何所多恨乃欣然就职尚书令沈约当世辞宗每见筠文咨嗟吟咏以为不逮也筠为文能压强韵每公宴并作辞必妍美约常从容启高祖曰晚来名家唯见王筠独步 昭明太子爱文学士常与筠及刘孝绰陆倕到洽殷芸等游宴玄圃太子独执筠袖抚孝绰肩而言曰所谓左把浮丘袖右拍洪崖肩其见重如此 普通元年以母忧去职筠有孝性毁瘠过礼服阕后疾废久之中大通二年迁司徒左长史三年昭明太子薨敕为哀策文复见嗟赏 筠性弘厚不以艺能高人而少擅才名与刘孝绰见重当世其自序曰余少好书老而弥笃虽偶见瞥观皆即疏记后重省览欢兴弥深习与性成不觉笔倦自年十三四齐建武二年乙亥至梁大同六年四十六载矣幼年读五经皆七八十遍爱左氏春秋吟讽常为口实广略去取凡三过五抄馀经及周官仪礼国语尔雅山海经本草并再抄子史诸集皆一遍未尝倩人假手并躬自抄录大小百馀卷不足传之好事盖以备遗忘而已又与诸儿书论家世集云史传称安平崔氏及汝南应氏并累世有文才所以范蔚宗云崔氏‘世擅雕龙’然不过父子两三世耳非有七叶之中名德重光爵位相继人人有集如吾门世者也沈少傅约语人云‘吾少好百家之言身为四代之史自开辟已来未有爵位蝉联文才相继如王氏之盛者也’汝等仰观堂构思各努力 节选自梁书王筠传 对下列句子中加点词的解释不正确的一项是
阅读下面的文字完成5-7题 工业化时代学校教育映射了工业化集中物流的经济批量模式铃声班级标准化的课堂统一的教材按照时间编排的流水线场景这种教育为工业时代标准化地制造了可用的人才而大数据教育将呈现另外的特征弹性学制个性化辅导社区和家庭学习每个人的成功世界也许因此安静许多而数据将火热地穿梭其中人与人师生生生的关系将通过人与技术的关系来实现正如现在过春节拜年不通过短信电话视频微信还能像20年前那样骑自行车挨家挨户拜年吗大数据时代无论你是否认同技术丰富了人类的情感技术的出现都让我们再也回不到从前了 一个学生考试得了78分这只是一个数字如果把背后的因素——家庭背景努力程度学习态度智力水平等与78分联系在一起就成了数据大数据与传统的数据相比有非结构化数据量巨大数据分析由专家层变化为用户层大量采用可视化展现方法等特点这些特点正好适应了个性化和人性化的学习变化目前教育变革的讨论过多集中于在线教育远程平板电子数字这正像任何一种科技让人们最先想到的都是偷懒的哲学自动化时代最先想到的是卓别林电影中的自动吃饭机多媒体时代最先想到的是游戏在线教育本身很难改变学习在这场教育革命的浪潮中由在线教育引发的教育从数字支撑到数据支撑的变化却是很多人没有在意的巨大金矿 教育环境的设计教育实验场景的布置教育时空的变化学习场景的变革教育管理数据的采集和运用这些过去靠拍脑袋或者理念灵感加经验的事情在云计算物联网大数据的背景下变成一种数据支撑的行为科学教育将成为继经济学之后一门不再靠理念和经验传承的社会科学大数据时代的教育将变成一门实实在在的实证科学 目前的经济社会已经进入后工业化的大数据时代人与机器的主流社会关系逐渐转向人与数据之间的关系若干年后社会的竞争将以服务和创新为核心然而我们今天的教育还受制于减少犯错和标准化的魔咒大数据教育提供了另外一种可能标准化的教育将转向网络完成而个性化的人才培养将主要由学校承担越来越小的班级越来越近的学校越来越聚焦的教育支持越来越个性化的培养方式这将使教育摆脱工业化时代的模式 下列不属于大数据将给教育带来的变化的一项是
Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsofthedaynotheateddebatesaboutfilmswe’vejustwatchedorbookswe’vejustfinishedreadingbutplainandsimple__51__. Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspeciesandwhatdowe__52__dowithitWegossip.Aboutothers’behaviourandprivatelivessuchaswho’sdoingwhatwithwhomwho’sinandwho’sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildrenloversandcolleagues. SowhyarewekeenongossipingArewejustnatural__54__ofbothtimeandwordsOrdowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflifeIt’snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.InfactinhislatestbookGroomingGossipandtheEvolutionofLanguagethepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues. Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectivelyoreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon’tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalkarguesDunbar—__57__hegoesontosaylanguageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip. Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates灵长类动物likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingitmonkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit. AswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamilyDunbar__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroupthegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhandthebiggerthegroupthegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown. Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbiggertheamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearlyamore__64__kindofgroomingwasneededandthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal有声的groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.
MoreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporatesocialresponsibilityCSR.CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers.Themostbasicistraditionalcorporatecharitywork.Companiestypicallyspendabout1%ofpre-taxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butmanyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough.Insomecompaniesshareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbeingputtogooduseandemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoodworks. Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderattackfortheirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSRwhichisabranchofriskmanagement.Startinginthe1980swithenvironmentaldisasterssuchastheexplosionatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspillindustryafterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation. Socompaniesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theytalktonon-governmentalorganisationsNGOsandtogovernmentscreatecodesofconduct行为准则anddevotethemselvestomoretransparency透明intheiroperations.Increasinglytoo.theyalongwiththeircompetitorssetcommonrulestospreadrisks. Allthisislargelydefensivebuttherearealsoopportunitiesforthosethatgetaheadofthegame.TheemphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevalue.IfapproachedinastrategicwayCSRcouldbecomepartofacompany’scompetitiveadvantage.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaofdoingwellbydoinggoodhasbecomepopular. Neverthelessthebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficultquestionstoexecutives.CanyoumeasureCSRperformanceShouldyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourcompetitorsIsthereanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigcompanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.DonebadlyCSRisoftenjustwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewellthoughitisnotsomeseparateactivitythatcompaniesdoonthesideacornerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue美德itisjustgoodbusiness. Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDSWiththeemphasisonopportunitythethirdlayerofCSRismeantto_________.
B Thegiantvendingmachine自动售货机isanewvillageshop Villagershavelongbeenusedtofacingadrivewhentheyrunoutofbasicsupplies.Howeverhelpisnownearerathandinformofthecountry’sfirstautomaticpush-buttonshop.NowresidentsintheDerbyshireVillageofCliftoncanbuygroceriesaroundtheclockafterthehugevendingwasinstalledoutsideapubinthevillagethisweek. PeterFoxwhois33______electricalengineerspenttwoandahalfyearsworkingontheproject.Themachine34______equipwithsecuringcamerasandalarmsandlookslikeaminishopwithabrickfrontagreyroofandadisplaywindow. Mr.Foxsaidhehopedhisinvention35______issettobeinstalledinothervillagesintheareaoverthecomingmonthswillmarkareturntoconvenienceshoppingforruralcommunities. Hesaid:IhadthisideaafewyearsagobutIcouldn’tfindamanufacturewhocoulddeliverwhatIwantedsoIdiditby36______.Theresultiswhatamountstohugeoutdoorvendingmachine.YetIthinkthetermautomaticshopisfar37______appropriate Inrecentyearsthecommercialpressurefromsupermarketchains38______forcevillageshopsacrossthecountrytoclose.In2010itwasestimatedthatabout400villageshopsclosed39______urgethelocalgovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttostrugglingshopsorset-upnewcommunitiesstores. Hundredsofcommunitieshavesincesteppedinandopeneduptheirwonvolunteer-runshopsbutMr.Foxhopeshisnewinventionwillofferasolution40______thesevillageswithoutalocalshop.
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