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E-mail—can’tlivewithitcan’tlivewithoutit.Conartistsandrealartistsadvertisersandfreedomfightersloversandswornenemies-they’veallflockedtoemailastheywouldtoanynewmediumofexpression.E-mailisconvenientsavestimebringsusclosertooneanotherhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.Booksarewrittencampaignsconducted;crimescommitted-allviae-mail.Butitisalsoinconvenientwastesourtimeisolatesusinfrontofourcomputersandintroducesmorecomplexityintoouralreadytoo-harriedlives.ToskepticsE-mailsjustthelatestchapterintheevolvinghistoryofhumancommunication.Asnoopinghusbandnowdiscovershiswife’saffairbyreadingherprivatee-mail--buthecouldhaveuncoveredthesamesinbyfindinglettersagenerationago. YetE-mail-andallonlinecommunication-isinfactsomethingtrulydifferent;itcapturestheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcenturywithanauthoritythatfewotherproductsofdigitaltechnologycanclaim.DoesthepaceoflifeseameverfasterE-mailsimultaneouslyallowsustocopewiththataccelerationandcontributestoit.AreourattentionspansshrivelingunderbarragesofnewimprovedformsofstimulationThequickanddirtyE-mailismadetoorderforthosewhoseabilitytoconcentrateismeasuredinnanoseconds.IfweacceptthatthecreationoftheglobespanningInternetisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthiscenturythenwemustgiveE-mail--thelivingembodimentofhumanconnectionsacrosstheNet--prideofplace.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging;E-mailisbothcatalystandtheinstrumentofthatchange. Thescopeofthephenomenonismind-boggling.Worldwide225millionpeoplecanspendandreceiveE-mail.ForgetabouttheWebore-commerceorevenonlinepornography:E-mailistheInternet’struekillerapp—thesoftwareapplicationthatwesimplymusthaveevenifitmeansbuyinga$2000computerandplunkingdown＄20amonthtoAmericaOnline.AccordingtoDonnaHoffmanaprofessorofmarketingatVanderbiltUniversityonesurveyafteranotherfindsthatwhenonlineusersareaskedwhattheydoontheNet"E-mailisalwaysNo.1." Oddlyenoughnooneplanneditandonepredictedit.WhenresearchscientistsfirstbegancookinguptheInternet’spredecessortheArpanetin1968theirprimarygoalwastoenabledisparatecomputingcenterstoshareresources."Butitdidn’ttakeverylongbeforetheydiscoveredthatthemostimportantthingwastheabilitytosendmailaroundwhichtheyhadnotanticipatedatall"saysEricAumanchieftechnicalofficerofSendmailInc. In1968researchscientistsbegancookingtheArpanetforthepurposeof
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E-mail—can’tlivewithitcan’tlivewithoutit.Conartistsandrealartistsadvertisersandfreedomfightersloversandswornenemies-they’veallflockedtoemailastheywouldtoanynewmediumofexpression.E-mailisconvenientsavestimebringsusclosertooneanotherhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.Booksarewrittencampaignsconducted;crimescommitted-allviae-mail.Butitisalsoinconvenientwastesourtimeisolatesusinfrontofourcomputersandintroducesmorecomplexityintoouralreadytoo-harriedlives.ToskepticsE-mailsjustthelatestchapterintheevolvinghistoryofhumancommunication.Asnoopinghusbandnowdiscovershiswife’saffairbyreadingherprivatee-mail--buthecouldhaveuncoveredthesamesinbyfindinglettersagenerationago. YetE-mail-andallonlinecommunication-isinfactsomethingtrulydifferent;itcapturestheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcenturywithanauthoritythatfewotherproductsofdigitaltechnologycanclaim.DoesthepaceoflifeseameverfasterE-mailsimultaneouslyallowsustocopewiththataccelerationandcontributestoit.AreourattentionspansshrivelingunderbarragesofnewimprovedformsofstimulationThequickanddirtyE-mailismadetoorderforthosewhoseabilitytoconcentrateismeasuredinnanoseconds.IfweacceptthatthecreationoftheglobespanningInternetisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthiscenturythenwemustgiveE-mail--thelivingembodimentofhumanconnectionsacrosstheNet--prideofplace.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging;E-mailisbothcatalystandtheinstrumentofthatchange. Thescopeofthephenomenonismind-boggling.Worldwide225millionpeoplecanspendandreceiveE-mail.ForgetabouttheWebore-commerceorevenonlinepornography:E-mailistheInternet’struekillerapp—thesoftwareapplicationthatwesimplymusthaveevenifitmeansbuyinga$2000computerandplunkingdown＄20amonthtoAmericaOnline.AccordingtoDonnaHoffmanaprofessorofmarketingatVanderbiltUniversityonesurveyafteranotherfindsthatwhenonlineusersareaskedwhattheydoontheNet"E-mailisalwaysNo.1." Oddlyenoughnooneplanneditandonepredictedit.WhenresearchscientistsfirstbegancookinguptheInternet’spredecessortheArpanetin1968theirprimarygoalwastoenabledisparatecomputingcenterstoshareresources."Butitdidn’ttakeverylongbeforetheydiscoveredthatthemostimportantthingwastheabilitytosendmailaroundwhichtheyhadnotanticipatedatall"saysEricAumanchieftechnicalofficerofSendmailInc. TotheauthorE-mailis
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldhewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Todayasmillionsofmenandwomenofchildbearingageandyoungeraresurvivingcancerthequestionofreproductionisarisingasaparamountconsiderationinplanningtreatment.46Amongtheissuesaretheabilitytopreservefertilitywhilecuringthediseaseandthesafetyofpregnancyforbothmotherswithcancerandtheirfuturechildren. Inacontinuingstudyofmorethan20000survivorsofchildhoodcancersthetwogreatestconcernsmentionedbyformerpatientstwoandthreedecadeslaterare"CanIhavechildren"and"IfIhavechildrenwilltheybehealthy"saidDr.LeslieRobisonanepidemiologist流行病学attheUniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchoolwhodirectstheprojectinvolving25cancercenters.47"Todaymorethan75percentofchildrenwithcancerarebeingcuredyetweknowlittleaboutthesideeffectsoftreatmentbeyondthefirst10years." Whilesomecancertreatments-drugsaswellasradiation-cancausesterility不育orreducedfertility生育能力inmenandwomenpreliminaryevidencesuggeststhatcancertherapyingeneralaffectstheabilitytoreproduceandtoproducehealthychildrenlessthanpreviouslythought.48Atthesamerimenewwaysarebeingdevisedtoreducetheeffectsofcancertreatmentsonfertilityandonpregnanciesalreadyinprogresswhenacancerisdiscovered. Inthe.firstreportonreproductiveissuesfromthe25-centerstudysoontobepublishedinTheAmericanJournalofObstetricsandGynecologytheresearchersfoundthatwhilehigherratesofmiscarriage流产andlowerbirthweightswereobservedamongtheoffspringofformerpatients"therearealargenumberoflivebirthsbirthsofhealthychildrenalackofcongenital先天的abnormalitiesandverylowcancerrates"Dr.Robisonsaid. Dr.GiuseppeDelPrioredirect6rofgynecologiconcology妇产科肿瘤学atBellevueHospitalinNewYorkandhiscolleaguesattheNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicinenotedintheJanuaryissueofContemporaryOb/Gyn:49"Lessthanagenerationagoreproductive-agedwomenwithcancergenerallyhadlittletohopeforandevenlesstolookforwardto.Butthingshavechanged.Manycancersarenolongeradeathsentence.Moreandmorewomenwithcancerarenowbecomingpregnantandraisinglegitimatefertilityconcerns." TodayadoctorcouldtellMs.ZeaofMinnesotaandotherwomenlikeherthatpregnancyisnolongerill-advised.50EvenwomenwhosebreastcancersarediscoveredduringpregnancyshouldnolongerbeadvisedtoterminatethepregnancybecausetherearenodataindicatingatherapeuticbenefitfromsuchanabortiontheNewYorkexpertssaid. Theestrogen雌激素producedmpregnancyisweakerthanestrogenproducedinotherwomenandislesslikelytostimulatebreastcancergrowthevenifthewoman’stumorisestrogen-sensitive. Todaymorethan75percentofchildrenwithcancerarebeingcuredyetweknowlittleaboutthesideeffectsoftreatmentbeyondthefirst10years.
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41～45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Sincechildhoodmostofushavebeenbombardedwithroles—don’tbeselfishdon’tcomplaindon’tbeunreasonabledon’tinterruptetc.41__________DoyouwishyoucouldlearntodealwithminorirritationsbeforeangerfestersintointenseresentmentandexplosiveaggressionAssertivenesstrainingcanreducestressbyteachingyoutostandupforyourlegitimaterightswithoutbullyingorbeingbullied. Steponeisrealizingthatchangesareneeded.Thenyoumusttakeactiontomakethosechangesareality.Assertivenesstrainingmightbeofferedthroughyouremployeryouruniversityoraprivateconsultant.ItmightevenbeofferedthroughdistancelearningontheInternet.42__________. Suchaworkshopmightincludetwoworkshopleadersforupto18participantsinanall-daysix-houreventortwomorningsessionsoneweekapartwith"homework"beingassignedbetweenthetwosessions.WhatkindofhomeworkPracticingwhatyouhavelearnedanddescribingtheexperienceinapersonaldiary. 43__________.Longbreaksencouragefreetalkandgenerateenthusiasmamongparticipants.Ithelpstoknowthatotherslikeyourselfshareyourproblems. Atthebeginningoftheworkshopyoumaybeaskedtodescribespecificsituationsthatyouwouldliketohandlebetter.DuringtheworkshopyouwillhearlecturesseevignettesonDVDorvideoandreceiveprintedinformationonhowtobecomemoreforthright. Roleplayingisanimportantelementinassertivenesstraining.Theworkshopleaderwillpresentascenariosubmittedbyaworkshopparticipant.44__________ResearchhasshownthatanAmericanmanismuchlikeliertofeelateaseaskingforahigherstartingsalarythananAmericanwoman.Awomanwiththesamequalificationsbeingconsideredforthesamepositioniscommonlyinclinedtofret:"IfIaskforahighersalarymaybetheywon’thireme"or"MaybethecompanywillthinkIdon’thaveenoughexperienceforsuchahighsalary." 45__________.Thereal-lifesituationcanbethoughtofasagame;oncethatperceptiontakesrootsomeofthestressandinhibitiondisappears.Meanwhilethealreadymoreconfidentmalesintheworkshopgainabetterunderstandingofhowthesituationlooksandfeelsforaninhibitedjobseeker.Theyacquireabitofsympathy.Andofcoursewomenaren’ttheonlypeoplewhoeveraskforahigherstartingsalaryoraraise;thecommunicationtechniquestriedoutinassertivenessworkshopscanbeusedbyanyone. A.SinceassertivenesstrainingaroseintheUS.theprinciplestrainerstrytoinstillwouldneedtobeadjustedforanon-Westernculture.YetmanywoulddoubtlessbeasmuchinplaceinChinaastheyareinNorthAmericaorEurope. B.Butwhatifthose"rules"havemadeyouintoapassiveunassertiveaccommodatingcompliantpersonwhenyouwouldreallyprefertospeakupmoreaboutyourtruefeelingsanddesires C.Theroleplayingsessionhelpsfemaleworkshopparticipantsfindouthowitfeelstoaskforahighersalary.Theyseewhatthepossibleresponsesareandtheworkshopparticipantspooltheirbrainsandexperiencetocomeupwithusefultactics. D.Atypicalexamplemightbeasituationfromajobinterview:theemployerisofferingacertainsalarybuttheprospectiveemployeethinksit’stoolow.HowtomakeitclearthatyouwantahighersalarywithoutsacrificingyourchancesoflandingthejobTheworkshopleaderwillhavesmallgroupsworkoutstrategies.probablyinvolvingafemalejobseekerandamaleemployer. E.Ifyouarehighlymotivatedyoucouldreadandlearnabouthowtobecomemoreassertiveindependently.Probablythebestwaytobuildassertivenessisagoodassertivenesstrainingworkshop. F.ForexampleNorthAmericantraineesareurgedtofocuspositivelyongoalsnotgontheotherperson.Youmaynotliketheotherperson.Youmayinfactmistrustdespiseorfeartheotherpersonbutheisthefellowyouhavetonegotiatewith. G.Theworkshopshouldtakeplaceinahospitableatmospherewithplentyofroomacomfortabletemperatureandlightrefreshmentsduringbreaks. 45
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41～45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Sincechildhoodmostofushavebeenbombardedwithroles—don’tbeselfishdon’tcomplaindon’tbeunreasonabledon’tinterruptetc.41__________DoyouwishyoucouldlearntodealwithminorirritationsbeforeangerfestersintointenseresentmentandexplosiveaggressionAssertivenesstrainingcanreducestressbyteachingyoutostandupforyourlegitimaterightswithoutbullyingorbeingbullied. Steponeisrealizingthatchangesareneeded.Thenyoumusttakeactiontomakethosechangesareality.Assertivenesstrainingmightbeofferedthroughyouremployeryouruniversityoraprivateconsultant.ItmightevenbeofferedthroughdistancelearningontheInternet.42__________. Suchaworkshopmightincludetwoworkshopleadersforupto18participantsinanall-daysix-houreventortwomorningsessionsoneweekapartwith"homework"beingassignedbetweenthetwosessions.WhatkindofhomeworkPracticingwhatyouhavelearnedanddescribingtheexperienceinapersonaldiary. 43__________.Longbreaksencouragefreetalkandgenerateenthusiasmamongparticipants.Ithelpstoknowthatotherslikeyourselfshareyourproblems. Atthebeginningoftheworkshopyoumaybeaskedtodescribespecificsituationsthatyouwouldliketohandlebetter.DuringtheworkshopyouwillhearlecturesseevignettesonDVDorvideoandreceiveprintedinformationonhowtobecomemoreforthright. Roleplayingisanimportantelementinassertivenesstraining.Theworkshopleaderwillpresentascenariosubmittedbyaworkshopparticipant.44__________ResearchhasshownthatanAmericanmanismuchlikeliertofeelateaseaskingforahigherstartingsalarythananAmericanwoman.Awomanwiththesamequalificationsbeingconsideredforthesamepositioniscommonlyinclinedtofret:"IfIaskforahighersalarymaybetheywon’thireme"or"MaybethecompanywillthinkIdon’thaveenoughexperienceforsuchahighsalary." 45__________.Thereal-lifesituationcanbethoughtofasagame;oncethatperceptiontakesrootsomeofthestressandinhibitiondisappears.Meanwhilethealreadymoreconfidentmalesintheworkshopgainabetterunderstandingofhowthesituationlooksandfeelsforaninhibitedjobseeker.Theyacquireabitofsympathy.Andofcoursewomenaren’ttheonlypeoplewhoeveraskforahigherstartingsalaryoraraise;thecommunicationtechniquestriedoutinassertivenessworkshopscanbeusedbyanyone. A.SinceassertivenesstrainingaroseintheUS.theprinciplestrainerstrytoinstillwouldneedtobeadjustedforanon-Westernculture.YetmanywoulddoubtlessbeasmuchinplaceinChinaastheyareinNorthAmericaorEurope. B.Butwhatifthose"rules"havemadeyouintoapassiveunassertiveaccommodatingcompliantpersonwhenyouwouldreallyprefertospeakupmoreaboutyourtruefeelingsanddesires C.Theroleplayingsessionhelpsfemaleworkshopparticipantsfindouthowitfeelstoaskforahighersalary.Theyseewhatthepossibleresponsesareandtheworkshopparticipantspooltheirbrainsandexperiencetocomeupwithusefultactics. D.Atypicalexamplemightbeasituationfromajobinterview:theemployerisofferingacertainsalarybuttheprospectiveemployeethinksit’stoolow.HowtomakeitclearthatyouwantahighersalarywithoutsacrificingyourchancesoflandingthejobTheworkshopleaderwillhavesmallgroupsworkoutstrategies.probablyinvolvingafemalejobseekerandamaleemployer. E.Ifyouarehighlymotivatedyoucouldreadandlearnabouthowtobecomemoreassertiveindependently.Probablythebestwaytobuildassertivenessisagoodassertivenesstrainingworkshop. F.ForexampleNorthAmericantraineesareurgedtofocuspositivelyongoalsnotgontheotherperson.Youmaynotliketheotherperson.Youmayinfactmistrustdespiseorfeartheotherpersonbutheisthefellowyouhavetonegotiatewith. G.Theworkshopshouldtakeplaceinahospitableatmospherewithplentyofroomacomfortabletemperatureandlightrefreshmentsduringbreaks. 43
肺气虚证
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潘某女18岁半月前因高考落榜烦躁失眠近日则胡言乱语哭笑无常狂躁不安终日不眠面红目赤痰多小便黄少大便干三日未行舌红苔黄腻脉濡数请作出证候诊断及分析
Directions: Forthispartyouarerequiredtowritealetter.SupposeyouareWangKai.AformerclassmateofyoursZhaoYongisplanningtovisityouduringthesummervacation.Writetohimaccordingtothefollowingoutline: 1expressyourwelcome; 2tellhimyourarrangementsforhisvisit; 3mentionsomethingthatyourformerclassmateshouldpayheedto. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"ZhaoYong’instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
肝风内动有几个类型各型的临床表现
CillianShephardistoannounceareviewofexaminationstandardstodayascontroversysurroundinguniversityentranceproceduresbringscriticismoverBritain’seducationalperformance. TheEducationandEmploymentSecretaryisworriedthatcontinuinguncertaintyoveralevelsinparticularwillunderminetheGovernment’sdrivetomeetambitioustargetsforimprovement.Shepostponedanannouncementuntilthisyear’scandidateshadreceivedtheirresultsbutisnowdeterminedtocleartheair. Mrs.Shepard’smainadvisersonschoolshavealreadyaskedhertosanctiona100000researchprojectcomparingpapersoverthepast20years.Butsheisexpectedtogofurther. ReportsofuniversitiesadmittingA-levelfailurestofoundationcourseswillbereferredtoofficialscarryingoutareviewofhighereducation.Furtherresearchwillfocusonschoolexaminations. Mrs.Shepardreturned{mmholidaylastweektofindcriticschimingthataseventhsuccessiveriseinpassratesindicatedfallingstandardsatAlevelwhilenewvocationalequivalentshadanalarmingdrop-outrate.Sincethenshehasbecomeembroiledincontroversyoverhighereducationadmissionsinsistingthatitwasnottheroleofuniversitiestopreparestudentsfordegreecourses. Yesterdayaretiredmathematicslecturersaidhehadbeenorderedtoadmitstudentstoafoundationcourseafterrejecting:themforadegreeDavidSrnalleywhoteachespart-timeatBrunelUniversityinwestLondonsaidmanyofthestudentswhowereacceptedsubsequentlywouldneverbecapableofdegree-levelmathematics. Mr.Smalleysaidacourseforthosewithoutthenecessarygradestostudysciencehadbeensetupearlierthanplannedwhenundergraduaterecruitmentdriedup.Hehadbeentoldtoapproachpotentialstudentsfromapileofrejectedapplications. AuniversityspokeswomansaidstudentsenteringBrunel’sfoundationcoursesinscienceandengineeringhadanaverageoftwoCsatAlevelenoughtowinaplaceonmanydegreecourses.Halfofthefirstintakeinengineeringsecureduppersecondclassdegreesalterpassingthefoundationyear. ButMr.Smalleysaidhewasconvincedstandardshadplummetedsincetheintroductionofpre-degreecourses."Wehavehadoneortwosuccessstoriesonthembutotherscouldnotaddfractions.Someoftheworkwouldmakeyourhaircurl." IanWoodwhosetupBrunel’sfirstfoundationcoursemengineeringsaidsomeolderlecturersfounditdifficulttoadapttoteachinglessablestudents.Headded:"Thisyear26studentsoutof60gotthroughafoundationyearandoneendedupwithafirst-classdegree.Iamsuretherearespuriouscourseselsewhereputonjusttobumpupnumbersbutourstandardsarehigh." TheHigherEducationFundingCouncilforEnglandsaidithadnoreasontoquestionstandardsonfoundationcourses Areviewofexamstandardsistobeannouncedbecause
CillianShephardistoannounceareviewofexaminationstandardstodayascontroversysurroundinguniversityentranceproceduresbringscriticismoverBritain’seducationalperformance. TheEducationandEmploymentSecretaryisworriedthatcontinuinguncertaintyoveralevelsinparticularwillunderminetheGovernment’sdrivetomeetambitioustargetsforimprovement.Shepostponedanannouncementuntilthisyear’scandidateshadreceivedtheirresultsbutisnowdeterminedtocleartheair. Mrs.Shepard’smainadvisersonschoolshavealreadyaskedhertosanctiona100000researchprojectcomparingpapersoverthepast20years.Butsheisexpectedtogofurther. ReportsofuniversitiesadmittingA-levelfailurestofoundationcourseswillbereferredtoofficialscarryingoutareviewofhighereducation.Furtherresearchwillfocusonschoolexaminations. Mrs.Shepardreturned{mmholidaylastweektofindcriticschimingthataseventhsuccessiveriseinpassratesindicatedfallingstandardsatAlevelwhilenewvocationalequivalentshadanalarmingdrop-outrate.Sincethenshehasbecomeembroiledincontroversyoverhighereducationadmissionsinsistingthatitwasnottheroleofuniversitiestopreparestudentsfordegreecourses. Yesterdayaretiredmathematicslecturersaidhehadbeenorderedtoadmitstudentstoafoundationcourseafterrejecting:themforadegreeDavidSrnalleywhoteachespart-timeatBrunelUniversityinwestLondonsaidmanyofthestudentswhowereacceptedsubsequentlywouldneverbecapableofdegree-levelmathematics. Mr.Smalleysaidacourseforthosewithoutthenecessarygradestostudysciencehadbeensetupearlierthanplannedwhenundergraduaterecruitmentdriedup.Hehadbeentoldtoapproachpotentialstudentsfromapileofrejectedapplications. AuniversityspokeswomansaidstudentsenteringBrunel’sfoundationcoursesinscienceandengineeringhadanaverageoftwoCsatAlevelenoughtowinaplaceonmanydegreecourses.Halfofthefirstintakeinengineeringsecureduppersecondclassdegreesalterpassingthefoundationyear. ButMr.Smalleysaidhewasconvincedstandardshadplummetedsincetheintroductionofpre-degreecourses."Wehavehadoneortwosuccessstoriesonthembutotherscouldnotaddfractions.Someoftheworkwouldmakeyourhaircurl." IanWoodwhosetupBrunel’sfirstfoundationcoursemengineeringsaidsomeolderlecturersfounditdifficulttoadapttoteachinglessablestudents.Headded:"Thisyear26studentsoutof60gotthroughafoundationyearandoneendedupwithafirst-classdegree.Iamsuretherearespuriouscourseselsewhereputonjusttobumpupnumbersbutourstandardsarehigh." TheHigherEducationFundingCouncilforEnglandsaidithadnoreasontoquestionstandardsonfoundationcourses WhatcanbeimpliedfromthesentencesomeoftheworkwouldmakeyourhaircudSentence3Paragraph9
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41～45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Sincechildhoodmostofushavebeenbombardedwithroles—don’tbeselfishdon’tcomplaindon’tbeunreasonabledon’tinterruptetc.41__________DoyouwishyoucouldlearntodealwithminorirritationsbeforeangerfestersintointenseresentmentandexplosiveaggressionAssertivenesstrainingcanreducestressbyteachingyoutostandupforyourlegitimaterightswithoutbullyingorbeingbullied. Steponeisrealizingthatchangesareneeded.Thenyoumusttakeactiontomakethosechangesareality.Assertivenesstrainingmightbeofferedthroughyouremployeryouruniversityoraprivateconsultant.ItmightevenbeofferedthroughdistancelearningontheInternet.42__________. Suchaworkshopmightincludetwoworkshopleadersforupto18participantsinanall-daysix-houreventortwomorningsessionsoneweekapartwith"homework"beingassignedbetweenthetwosessions.WhatkindofhomeworkPracticingwhatyouhavelearnedanddescribingtheexperienceinapersonaldiary. 43__________.Longbreaksencouragefreetalkandgenerateenthusiasmamongparticipants.Ithelpstoknowthatotherslikeyourselfshareyourproblems. Atthebeginningoftheworkshopyoumaybeaskedtodescribespecificsituationsthatyouwouldliketohandlebetter.DuringtheworkshopyouwillhearlecturesseevignettesonDVDorvideoandreceiveprintedinformationonhowtobecomemoreforthright. Roleplayingisanimportantelementinassertivenesstraining.Theworkshopleaderwillpresentascenariosubmittedbyaworkshopparticipant.44__________ResearchhasshownthatanAmericanmanismuchlikeliertofeelateaseaskingforahigherstartingsalarythananAmericanwoman.Awomanwiththesamequalificationsbeingconsideredforthesamepositioniscommonlyinclinedtofret:"IfIaskforahighersalarymaybetheywon’thireme"or"MaybethecompanywillthinkIdon’thaveenoughexperienceforsuchahighsalary." 45__________.Thereal-lifesituationcanbethoughtofasagame;oncethatperceptiontakesrootsomeofthestressandinhibitiondisappears.Meanwhilethealreadymoreconfidentmalesintheworkshopgainabetterunderstandingofhowthesituationlooksandfeelsforaninhibitedjobseeker.Theyacquireabitofsympathy.Andofcoursewomenaren’ttheonlypeoplewhoeveraskforahigherstartingsalaryoraraise;thecommunicationtechniquestriedoutinassertivenessworkshopscanbeusedbyanyone. A.SinceassertivenesstrainingaroseintheUS.theprinciplestrainerstrytoinstillwouldneedtobeadjustedforanon-Westernculture.YetmanywoulddoubtlessbeasmuchinplaceinChinaastheyareinNorthAmericaorEurope. B.Butwhatifthose"rules"havemadeyouintoapassiveunassertiveaccommodatingcompliantpersonwhenyouwouldreallyprefertospeakupmoreaboutyourtruefeelingsanddesires C.Theroleplayingsessionhelpsfemaleworkshopparticipantsfindouthowitfeelstoaskforahighersalary.Theyseewhatthepossibleresponsesareandtheworkshopparticipantspooltheirbrainsandexperiencetocomeupwithusefultactics. D.Atypicalexamplemightbeasituationfromajobinterview:theemployerisofferingacertainsalarybuttheprospectiveemployeethinksit’stoolow.HowtomakeitclearthatyouwantahighersalarywithoutsacrificingyourchancesoflandingthejobTheworkshopleaderwillhavesmallgroupsworkoutstrategies.probablyinvolvingafemalejobseekerandamaleemployer. E.Ifyouarehighlymotivatedyoucouldreadandlearnabouthowtobecomemoreassertiveindependently.Probablythebestwaytobuildassertivenessisagoodassertivenesstrainingworkshop. F.ForexampleNorthAmericantraineesareurgedtofocuspositivelyongoalsnotgontheotherperson.Youmaynotliketheotherperson.Youmayinfactmistrustdespiseorfeartheotherpersonbutheisthefellowyouhavetonegotiatewith. G.Theworkshopshouldtakeplaceinahospitableatmospherewithplentyofroomacomfortabletemperatureandlightrefreshmentsduringbreaks. 41
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldhewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Todayasmillionsofmenandwomenofchildbearingageandyoungeraresurvivingcancerthequestionofreproductionisarisingasaparamountconsiderationinplanningtreatment.46Amongtheissuesaretheabilitytopreservefertilitywhilecuringthediseaseandthesafetyofpregnancyforbothmotherswithcancerandtheirfuturechildren. Inacontinuingstudyofmorethan20000survivorsofchildhoodcancersthetwogreatestconcernsmentionedbyformerpatientstwoandthreedecadeslaterare"CanIhavechildren"and"IfIhavechildrenwilltheybehealthy"saidDr.LeslieRobisonanepidemiologist流行病学attheUniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchoolwhodirectstheprojectinvolving25cancercenters.47"Todaymorethan75percentofchildrenwithcancerarebeingcuredyetweknowlittleaboutthesideeffectsoftreatmentbeyondthefirst10years." Whilesomecancertreatments-drugsaswellasradiation-cancausesterility不育orreducedfertility生育能力inmenandwomenpreliminaryevidencesuggeststhatcancertherapyingeneralaffectstheabilitytoreproduceandtoproducehealthychildrenlessthanpreviouslythought.48Atthesamerimenewwaysarebeingdevisedtoreducetheeffectsofcancertreatmentsonfertilityandonpregnanciesalreadyinprogresswhenacancerisdiscovered. Inthe.firstreportonreproductiveissuesfromthe25-centerstudysoontobepublishedinTheAmericanJournalofObstetricsandGynecologytheresearchersfoundthatwhilehigherratesofmiscarriage流产andlowerbirthweightswereobservedamongtheoffspringofformerpatients"therearealargenumberoflivebirthsbirthsofhealthychildrenalackofcongenital先天的abnormalitiesandverylowcancerrates"Dr.Robisonsaid. Dr.GiuseppeDelPrioredirect6rofgynecologiconcology妇产科肿瘤学atBellevueHospitalinNewYorkandhiscolleaguesattheNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicinenotedintheJanuaryissueofContemporaryOb/Gyn:49"Lessthanagenerationagoreproductive-agedwomenwithcancergenerallyhadlittletohopeforandevenlesstolookforwardto.Butthingshavechanged.Manycancersarenolongeradeathsentence.Moreandmorewomenwithcancerarenowbecomingpregnantandraisinglegitimatefertilityconcerns." TodayadoctorcouldtellMs.ZeaofMinnesotaandotherwomenlikeherthatpregnancyisnolongerill-advised.50EvenwomenwhosebreastcancersarediscoveredduringpregnancyshouldnolongerbeadvisedtoterminatethepregnancybecausetherearenodataindicatingatherapeuticbenefitfromsuchanabortiontheNewYorkexpertssaid. Theestrogen雌激素producedmpregnancyisweakerthanestrogenproducedinotherwomenandislesslikelytostimulatebreastcancergrowthevenifthewoman’stumorisestrogen-sensitive. Lessthanagenerationagoreproductive-agedwomenwithcancergenerallyhadlittletohopeforandevenlesstolookforwardto.Butthingshavechanged.
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