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从目标状态出发，按照子目标组成的逻辑顺序逐级向初始状态递归。这种解决问题的策略或方法是（）。
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任务分析指将教学目标逐级细分为彼此相联的各种子目标的过程
将需要达到的问题的目标状态分成若干子目标通过实现一系列的子目标最终达到总目标这种策略是
算法
手段—目的分析
逆向搜索
爬山法
问题空间就是
对问题解决情景的认识
对所要解决的问题的初始状态和目标状态的认识
对如何从初始状态过渡到目标状态的认识
对问题的数量的认识
将教学目标逐级细分成彼此相联的各种子目标的过程称之为
目标分类
目标表述
任务分析
任务执行
问题解决就是在问题空间中进行搜索以便从问题的初始状态达到目标状态的思维过程所谓问题空间是指对的认识
初始状态
目标状态
中间状态
算子
一个状态向另一个状态的转移转移包括5部分信息它们是
初始状态、中间状态、最终状态、判断标志、并发条件
源状态、目标状态、消息、条件、事件
初始状态、最终状态、事件、条件、动作
源状态、目标状态、事件、条件、动作
问题解决者首先明确目标不断分析目标状态与当前状态之间的差距将总目标分解为几个子目标而后选用一定的方法
算法式
手段——目的分析法
类比思维
问题表征
在问题解决的过程中采取从目标状态出发按照子目标组成的逻辑顺序逐级向初始状态递归的策略称作
逆向搜索法
爬山法
手段一目的分析法
算法式
问题解决是指排除障碍由初始状态达到目标状态的过程
把大目标分成子目标然后进行算子搜索逐渐缩小当前问题情境与目标状态之间的差异这种解决问题的方法称
问题空间
手段—目的分析
启发式
算法式
为了有效地控制建设工程三大目标需要逐级分解建设工程总目标不属于 分解的目标是
分目标
近期目标
子目标
可执行目标
先对目标状态进行分析将其分解为若干个子目标通过实现一个个子目标而最终实现总目标这种解决问题的方法是
手段—目的分析
逆向搜索
类比
算法
是以研究系统中最不希望发生的故障状态出发按照一定的逻辑关系从总体到部件一层层地进行逐级细化推理分析故
把大目标分成子目标然后进行算子搜索逐渐缩小当前问题情境与目标状态之间的差异这种解决问题的方法称
问题空间
手段目的分析
启发式
算法式
将教学目标逐级细分为彼此相连的各种子目标的过程称之为
目标分类
目标表述
任务分析
任务执行
实施目标管理的主要环节是①逐级授权②目标的制定与展开③实施中的自我控制④ 成果评价这些环节的逻辑顺
①→②→③→④
②→③→①→④
③→②→①→④
②→①→③→④
在人工智能领域状态空间图由初始状态和操作符隐含表示的经常是无限的它的复杂度根据下面的值来表达最浅的目
分支因子
全部节点的个数
初始状态的个数
目标状态的个数
实施目标管理的主要环节是①逐级授权②目标的制定与展开③实施中的自我控制④成果评价这些环节的逻辑顺序是
①→②→③→④
②→③→①→④
③→②→①→④
②→①→③→④
从目标状态出发按照子目标组成的逻辑顺序逐级向初始状态递归这种解决问题的策略或方法是
爬山法
逆向工作法
手段目的分析法
尝试错误法
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Theworld’sfirstsubwaywasbuiltinLondonin1863.AtthetimethegovernmentwaslookingforawaytoreducetrafficproblemsinthecityofLondon.Thepoorareasofthecityweresocrowdedwithpeoplethatitwasalmostimpossibleforhorsecarriagesthetaxisofthosedaystogetaround.ThecityofficialswereinterestedintryingtomakeitpossibleforworkerstoliveoutsideofLondonandtraveleasilytoworkeachday.Ifpeoplehadacheapandconvenientwaythattheycoulddependontogettoandfromworktheywouldrelocatetheirhomesoutsideofthecity.ThiswouldhelpeasethepressureoftoomanypeoplelivinginthepoorpartsofLondon.FromtheseproblemstheideaoftheLondonUndergroundthefirstsubwaysystemwasborn. TheplansforbuildingtheUndergroundmetwithseveralproblemsanddelaysbutthefirsttrackwasfinallyopenedinJanuary1863.Asteamtrainpulledthecarsalongthefirstundergroundtrackwhichwassixkilometers3.7mileslong.About30000peoplegotonthesubwaythefirstday.Ridersweretreatedtocomfortableseatsstandingupwhilethetrainwasmovingwasnotallowedandpleasantdecorationsinsideeachofthecars.Howeverthesmokefromtheenginesoonfilledtheairinthetunnelswithashandsootaswellaschemicalgases.Fanshadtobeputinthetunnelslatertokeeptheaircleanenoughforpeopletobreathe.Evenwithitsproblemsridingtheundergrounddidbecomepopular.Itcarriedninemillionridersinitsfirstyear. ModernsubwayshavecomealongwaysincetheearlydaysoftheLondonUnderground.Todaythereare94largeundergroundrapidtransitsystemsaroundtheworld.ThebusiestofthesesubwaysystemsistheTokyoMetrowhichopenedin1927.Thisefficientsubwayhastwobillionridersperyearandpushersworkontheplatformsduringbusytraffichourstohelppushridersontotrains.Attimessubwaycarshavebeenpackedwithupto300people!ShoppingmallsbuiltinhightrafficstationswhereridersmovefromonetraintoanotherhavealsohelpedthepopularityofsubwaysinTokyo.StationslikethefamousGinzaSugoEkiGinzaConsolidatedStationincludeundergrounddepartmentstoresupermarketsrestaurantsandspecialtyshops.Shoppersneverhavetogoaboveground! WhatisthebesttitleforthispassagePleaseanswerwithin10words ________________________________________________________
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D WhereisLoveHowcanwefindLove Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.DescriptionslikePaleolithicManNeolithicManetc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.WhenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabelLeglessMan.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:Inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks. Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.ThetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysI’vebeenthere.YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayI’vebeenthere—meaningIdrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse. Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Travellingathighspeedmeans.
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A GrowingupinPhiladelphiaLiebermanstartedcookingwithhisstayathomedadwhenhewasseven.Hisfoodlovingfamilyhadtwokitchensandhequicklylearnedwhatwasthebestwaytobakehiscakes.LiebermanimprovedhiskitchenskillsgreatlyduringayearabroadbeforecollegelearningfromacookinItalyandstudyinglocalspecialties地方特色菜inGermanySpainandFrance.AtYalehewasknownforthrowingdinnerpartiessinglehandedlyfryingandbakingwhilemixingdrinksfordozensoffriends.JustforfunheandsomefriendsdecidedtotapeashownamedCampusCuisineabouthiscooking.Liebermanwasarealcollegestudentshowinghisclassmateshowtodothingslikemakingdrinksoutofdininghallfruit.Thathelpedtheshowbecomeverypopularamongthestudents.TheywouldstopLiebermanafterclasstoaskforhisadviceoncooking.TapesoftheshowwerepassedaroundwithwhichhisnamewentbeyondtheschoolandfinallytotheFoodNetwork. FoodNetworkproducerFlayhopestheyoungcookwillfindaplaceonthenetworktelevision.HesaysLiebermanscharismaisthekey.FoodTVisntaboutfoodanymoresaysFlayItsaboutyourpersonality个性andfindingawaytokeeppeopleseyeballsonyourshow. ButLiebermanisntputtingallhiseggsinonebasket.AftertapingthefirstseasonofthenewshowLiebermanwasbackinhisownsmallkitchenpreparingsandwiches.Anairlinecompany航空公司waslookingforsomeonetocomeupwithatastefulinexpensiveandeasytomakemenutoserveonitsflights.Liebermangotthejob. Whatdoesthewordcharismaunderlinedinthetextreferto
A GrowingupinPhiladelphiaLiebermanstartedcookingwithhisstayathomedadwhenhewasseven.Hisfoodlovingfamilyhadtwokitchensandhequicklylearnedwhatwasthebestwaytobakehiscakes.LiebermanimprovedhiskitchenskillsgreatlyduringayearabroadbeforecollegelearningfromacookinItalyandstudyinglocalspecialties地方特色菜inGermanySpainandFrance.AtYalehewasknownforthrowingdinnerpartiessinglehandedlyfryingandbakingwhilemixingdrinksfordozensoffriends.JustforfunheandsomefriendsdecidedtotapeashownamedCampusCuisineabouthiscooking.Liebermanwasarealcollegestudentshowinghisclassmateshowtodothingslikemakingdrinksoutofdininghallfruit.Thathelpedtheshowbecomeverypopularamongthestudents.TheywouldstopLiebermanafterclasstoaskforhisadviceoncooking.TapesoftheshowwerepassedaroundwithwhichhisnamewentbeyondtheschoolandfinallytotheFoodNetwork. FoodNetworkproducerFlayhopestheyoungcookwillfindaplaceonthenetworktelevision.HesaysLiebermanscharismaisthekey.FoodTVisntaboutfoodanymoresaysFlayItsaboutyourpersonality个性andfindingawaytokeeppeopleseyeballsonyourshow. ButLiebermanisntputtingallhiseggsinonebasket.AftertapingthefirstseasonofthenewshowLiebermanwasbackinhisownsmallkitchenpreparingsandwiches.Anairlinecompany航空公司waslookingforsomeonetocomeupwithatastefulinexpensiveandeasytomakemenutoserveonitsflights.Liebermangotthejob. WhatcanwelearnaboutLiebermanfromthetext
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B Somepeoplebringoutthebestinyouinawaythatyoumightneverhavefullyrealizedonyourown.Mymomwasoneofthosepeople. MyfatherdiedwhenIwasninemonthsoldmakingmymomasinglemotherattheageofeighteen.WhileIwasgrowingupwelivedaveryhardlife.Wehadlittlemoneybutmymomgavemealotoflove.EachnightshesatmeonherlapandspokethewordsthatwouldchangemylifeKemmonsyouarecertaintobeagreatmanandyoucandoanythinginlifeifyouworkhardenoughtogetit. AtfourteenIwashitbyacarandthedoctorssaidIwouldneverwalkagain.EverydaymymotherspoketomeinhergentlelovingvoicetellingmethatnomatterwhatthosedoctorssaidIcouldwalkagainifIwantedtobadlyenough.ShedrovethatmessagesodeepintomyheartthatIfinallybelievedher.AyearlaterIreturnedtoschool—walkingonmyown! WhentheGreatDepression大萧条hitmymomlostherjob.ThenIleftschooltosupportthebothofus.AtthatmomentIwasdeterminednevertobepooragain. OvertheyearsIexperiencedvariouslevelsofbusinesssuccess.ButtherealturningpointoccurredonavacationItookwithmywifeandfivekidsin1951.Iwasdissatisfiedwiththesecondclasshotelsavailableforfamiliesandwasangrythattheychargedanextra＄2foreachchild.ThatwastooexpensivefortheaverageAmericanfamily.ItoldmywifethatIwasgoingtoopenamotel汽车旅馆forfamiliesthatwouldneverchargeextraforchildren.Therewereplentyofdoubtersatthattime. NotsurprisinglyMomwasoneofmystrongestsupporters.Sheworkedbehindthedeskandevendesignedtheroomstyle.Asinanybusinessweexperiencedalotofchallenges.Butwithmymother’swordsdeeplyrootedinmysoulIneverdoubtedwewouldsucceed.Fifteenyearslaterwehadthelargesthotelsystemintheworld—HolidayInn.In1979mycompanyhad1759innsinmorethanfiftycountrieswithanincomeof＄1billionayear. Youmaynothavestartedoutlifeinthebestsituations.Butifyoucanfindataskinlifeworthworkingforandbelieveinyourselfnothingcanstopyou. WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKemmons’mother
Theworld’sfirstsubwaywasbuiltinLondonin1863.AtthetimethegovernmentwaslookingforawaytoreducetrafficproblemsinthecityofLondon.Thepoorareasofthecityweresocrowdedwithpeoplethatitwasalmostimpossibleforhorsecarriagesthetaxisofthosedaystogetaround.ThecityofficialswereinterestedintryingtomakeitpossibleforworkerstoliveoutsideofLondonandtraveleasilytoworkeachday.Ifpeoplehadacheapandconvenientwaythattheycoulddependontogettoandfromworktheywouldrelocatetheirhomesoutsideofthecity.ThiswouldhelpeasethepressureoftoomanypeoplelivinginthepoorpartsofLondon.FromtheseproblemstheideaoftheLondonUndergroundthefirstsubwaysystemwasborn. TheplansforbuildingtheUndergroundmetwithseveralproblemsanddelaysbutthefirsttrackwasfinallyopenedinJanuary1863.Asteamtrainpulledthecarsalongthefirstundergroundtrackwhichwassixkilometers3.7mileslong.About30000peoplegotonthesubwaythefirstday.Ridersweretreatedtocomfortableseatsstandingupwhilethetrainwasmovingwasnotallowedandpleasantdecorationsinsideeachofthecars.Howeverthesmokefromtheenginesoonfilledtheairinthetunnelswithashandsootaswellaschemicalgases.Fanshadtobeputinthetunnelslatertokeeptheaircleanenoughforpeopletobreathe.Evenwithitsproblemsridingtheundergrounddidbecomepopular.Itcarriedninemillionridersinitsfirstyear. ModernsubwayshavecomealongwaysincetheearlydaysoftheLondonUnderground.Todaythereare94largeundergroundrapidtransitsystemsaroundtheworld.ThebusiestofthesesubwaysystemsistheTokyoMetrowhichopenedin1927.Thisefficientsubwayhastwobillionridersperyearandpushersworkontheplatformsduringbusytraffichourstohelppushridersontotrains.Attimessubwaycarshavebeenpackedwithupto300people!ShoppingmallsbuiltinhightrafficstationswhereridersmovefromonetraintoanotherhavealsohelpedthepopularityofsubwaysinTokyo.StationslikethefamousGinzaSugoEkiGinzaConsolidatedStationincludeundergrounddepartmentstoresupermarketsrestaurantsandspecialtyshops.Shoppersneverhavetogoaboveground! TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese. ________________________________________________________
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C PresidentArlinghasputhislongawaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.ItprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcreditsresearchgrantseducationalreformsandtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemploymentlackofgrowthandtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears. ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs. TheRepublicanshoweverdecryeventhemodestgraduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomyletitthroughdefencespending. Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecondclasscitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvancesthenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothisnoamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvestthatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors. SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepasseditisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynowwemaynotgetasecondchance. ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison.
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D WhereisLoveHowcanwefindLove Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.DescriptionslikePaleolithicManNeolithicManetc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.WhenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabelLeglessMan.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:Inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks. Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.ThetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysI’vebeenthere.YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayI’vebeenthere—meaningIdrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse. Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage
十进制34转成二进制数是
C PresidentArlinghasputhislongawaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.ItprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcreditsresearchgrantseducationalreformsandtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemploymentlackofgrowthandtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears. ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs. TheRepublicanshoweverdecryeventhemodestgraduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomyletitthroughdefencespending. Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecondclasscitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvancesthenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothisnoamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvestthatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors. SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepasseditisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynowwemaynotgetasecondchance. Thepassageis.
C PresidentArlinghasputhislongawaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.ItprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcreditsresearchgrantseducationalreformsandtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemploymentlackofgrowthandtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears. ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs. TheRepublicanshoweverdecryeventhemodestgraduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomyletitthroughdefencespending. Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecondclasscitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvancesthenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothisnoamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvestthatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors. SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepasseditisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynowwemaynotgetasecondchance. Whatistheeditor’sattitude
Theworld’sfirstsubwaywasbuiltinLondonin1863.AtthetimethegovernmentwaslookingforawaytoreducetrafficproblemsinthecityofLondon.Thepoorareasofthecityweresocrowdedwithpeoplethatitwasalmostimpossibleforhorsecarriagesthetaxisofthosedaystogetaround.ThecityofficialswereinterestedintryingtomakeitpossibleforworkerstoliveoutsideofLondonandtraveleasilytoworkeachday.Ifpeoplehadacheapandconvenientwaythattheycoulddependontogettoandfromworktheywouldrelocatetheirhomesoutsideofthecity.ThiswouldhelpeasethepressureoftoomanypeoplelivinginthepoorpartsofLondon.FromtheseproblemstheideaoftheLondonUndergroundthefirstsubwaysystemwasborn. TheplansforbuildingtheUndergroundmetwithseveralproblemsanddelaysbutthefirsttrackwasfinallyopenedinJanuary1863.Asteamtrainpulledthecarsalongthefirstundergroundtrackwhichwassixkilometers3.7mileslong.About30000peoplegotonthesubwaythefirstday.Ridersweretreatedtocomfortableseatsstandingupwhilethetrainwasmovingwasnotallowedandpleasantdecorationsinsideeachofthecars.Howeverthesmokefromtheenginesoonfilledtheairinthetunnelswithashandsootaswellaschemicalgases.Fanshadtobeputinthetunnelslatertokeeptheaircleanenoughforpeopletobreathe.Evenwithitsproblemsridingtheundergrounddidbecomepopular.Itcarriedninemillionridersinitsfirstyear. ModernsubwayshavecomealongwaysincetheearlydaysoftheLondonUnderground.Todaythereare94largeundergroundrapidtransitsystemsaroundtheworld.ThebusiestofthesesubwaysystemsistheTokyoMetrowhichopenedin1927.Thisefficientsubwayhastwobillionridersperyearandpushersworkontheplatformsduringbusytraffichourstohelppushridersontotrains.Attimessubwaycarshavebeenpackedwithupto300people!ShoppingmallsbuiltinhightrafficstationswhereridersmovefromonetraintoanotherhavealsohelpedthepopularityofsubwaysinTokyo.StationslikethefamousGinzaSugoEkiGinzaConsolidatedStationincludeundergrounddepartmentstoresupermarketsrestaurantsandspecialtyshops.Shoppersneverhavetogoaboveground! WhatproblemsledtheBritishgovernmenttobuildtheLondonUndergroundPleaseanswerwithin10words ________________________________________________________
B Somepeoplebringoutthebestinyouinawaythatyoumightneverhavefullyrealizedonyourown.Mymomwasoneofthosepeople. MyfatherdiedwhenIwasninemonthsoldmakingmymomasinglemotherattheageofeighteen.WhileIwasgrowingupwelivedaveryhardlife.Wehadlittlemoneybutmymomgavemealotoflove.EachnightshesatmeonherlapandspokethewordsthatwouldchangemylifeKemmonsyouarecertaintobeagreatmanandyoucandoanythinginlifeifyouworkhardenoughtogetit. AtfourteenIwashitbyacarandthedoctorssaidIwouldneverwalkagain.EverydaymymotherspoketomeinhergentlelovingvoicetellingmethatnomatterwhatthosedoctorssaidIcouldwalkagainifIwantedtobadlyenough.ShedrovethatmessagesodeepintomyheartthatIfinallybelievedher.AyearlaterIreturnedtoschool—walkingonmyown! WhentheGreatDepression大萧条hitmymomlostherjob.ThenIleftschooltosupportthebothofus.AtthatmomentIwasdeterminednevertobepooragain. OvertheyearsIexperiencedvariouslevelsofbusinesssuccess.ButtherealturningpointoccurredonavacationItookwithmywifeandfivekidsin1951.Iwasdissatisfiedwiththesecondclasshotelsavailableforfamiliesandwasangrythattheychargedanextra＄2foreachchild.ThatwastooexpensivefortheaverageAmericanfamily.ItoldmywifethatIwasgoingtoopenamotel汽车旅馆forfamiliesthatwouldneverchargeextraforchildren.Therewereplentyofdoubtersatthattime. NotsurprisinglyMomwasoneofmystrongestsupporters.Sheworkedbehindthedeskandevendesignedtheroomstyle.Asinanybusinessweexperiencedalotofchallenges.Butwithmymother’swordsdeeplyrootedinmysoulIneverdoubtedwewouldsucceed.Fifteenyearslaterwehadthelargesthotelsystemintheworld—HolidayInn.In1979mycompanyhad1759innsinmorethanfiftycountrieswithanincomeof＄1billionayear. Youmaynothavestartedoutlifeinthebestsituations.Butifyoucanfindataskinlifeworthworkingforandbelieveinyourselfnothingcanstopyou. Accordingtotheauthorwhoplayedthemostimportantroleinmakinghimwalkbacktoschoolagain
PowerPoint提供了多种视图来浏览幻灯片以横排纵列方式同时显示多张幻灯片的视图是
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