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Put a lid on the pan so the food will stay hot.
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NewtonwasagreatEnglishscientist科学家.Hewasoneofthegr
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听第7段材料回答第89题WhydoesDianasaysorrytopeter
She has to give up her travel pan.
She wants to visit another city.
She needs to put off her test.
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DevelopmentinNewspaperOrganizationOneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinnewspaperorganizationduringthefirstpartofthetwentiethcentury46whichareknownaswireservices.Wire-servicecompaniesemployedreporterswhocoveredstoriesallovertheworld.Theirnewsreportsweresenttopapersthroughoutthecountrybytelegraph.Thepaperspaidanannualfeeforthisservice.Wireservicescontinue47.TodaythemajorwireservicesaretheAssociatedPressAPandUnitedPressInternationalUPI.YouwillfrequentlyfindAPorUPIatthebeginningofanewsstory.Newspaperchainsandmergersbegantoappearintheearly1900s.Achainconsistsoftwoormorenewspapers48.Amergerinvolvescombiningtwoormorepapersintoone.Duringthenineteenthcenturymanycitieshadmorethanonecompetitiveindependentpaper.Todayinmostcitiesthereareonlyoneortwonewspapersand49.Oftennewspapersinseveralcitiesbelongtoonechain.Papershavecombined50.Chainsandmergershavecutdownproductioncostsandbroughttheadvantagesofbig-businessmethodstothenewspaperindustry.A.toplayanimportantroleinnewspaperoperationsB.wasthegrowthoftelegraphservicesC.andtheyusuallyenjoygreatprestigeD.theyareusuallyoperatedbyasingleownerE.inordertosurviveunderthepressureofrisingcostsF.ownedbyasinglepersonororganization
1AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboyisapopularsayingintheUnitedStates.Othercountrieshavesimilarsayings.Itistruethatallofusneedrecreation.Wecannotworkallthetimeifwearegoingtomaintaingoodhealthandenjoylife.Goodphysicalandmentalhealthinfactenablesustoworkmoreefficiently.2Everyonehashisownwayofrelaxing.Perhapsthemostpopularwayistoparticipateinsports.Thereareteamsportssuchasbaseballbasketballandfootball.Thereareindividualsportsalsosuchasgolfandswimming.Inadditionhikingfishingskatingandmountainclimbinghaveagreatattractionforpeoplewholiketobeoutdoors.Chesscard-playinganddancingareformsofindoorrecreationenjoyedbymanypeople.3Noteveryonewhoenjoyssportingeventslikestoparticipateinthem.Manypeopleprefertobespectatorseitherbyattendingthegamesinpersonwatchingthemontelevisionorlisteningtothemontheradio.Whenthereisanimportantbaseballgameorboxingmatchitisalmostimpossibletogettickets;everyonewantstoattend.4Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherweplayafastgameofping-pongconcentrateoverthebridgetable桥牌桌orgowalkingthroughthewoodsonabrisk清闲的autumnafternoon.Itisimportantforeveryonetorelaxfromtimetotimeandenjoysomeformofrecreation.A.TheimportanceofhavingrecreationB.TherecreationcentersC.TypesofsportsD.FunofbeingspectatorsE.ThenecessityofhavingrecreationF.DangersinvolvedinplayingsportsParagraph3______.
Abouteightmillionschool-agechildrenarehomealoneafterschool.Thesearethehourswhenthenumberofviolentcrimespeaksandwhenyouthsaremostlikelytoexperimentwithalcoholtobaccoanddrugs.Manyolderchildrentakecareofthemselvesafterschoolforanhourortwountilaparentcomeshomeandresearchsuggeststhatsomeofthesechildrenaremoreatriskofpoorgradesandriskybehaviors.Studieshavebeendonetofindoutwhathelpstoreducethesekindsofriskybehaviorsamongyouths.OnestudyofChicagoneighborhoodsshowedthatafter-schoolprogramsresultedinlessviolenceeveninpoorneighborhoods.After-schoolprogramscanhelptoreducecrimeandviolencebecausetheyofferactivitiestochildrenandyouthsduringtheirout-of-schooltime.Inadditiontohelpingyouthsmakeuseofafterschoolhoursafter-schoolprogramsprovideteenswithopportunitiestodevelopcaringrelationshipswithadults.Studieshavefoundthathigh-qualityrelationshipswithparentsandotheradultsaswellasgooduseoftimeareveryimportantforhealthydevelopmentinyouth.After-schoolprogramscanalsobeusedforteenswhohangoutatfriends’housesandplaybasketballwhenaparentorotherresponsibleadultisathome.Theprogramscanalsobehelpfulforformalafter-schoolactivitiesincludingdrop-inprogramsthatareprovidedbyorganizations.Despitethebenefitsofafter-schoolprogramstherearemanyreasonswhysomeparentsdonotusethem.Programsmaybetooexpensiveofpoorqualityorhardtojoin.Someotherchildrenandyoungteensmayrefusetoattendprogramsthatseemliketheyarejustchildcare.Parentsmayfeeluncertainabouthowmuchfreedomisproperforchildrenandyouthswhoarebeyondthetraditionalchildcareyears.Howeverresearchsupportstheeffectivenessoftheseprogramsinprotectingmiddleschoolandhighschoolyouthsfromriskandharm.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage
Wehadtoabandontheearandwalktherestoftheway.
InfluenzaInfluenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.According51someGreekwritersonmedicalhistorytheoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.ThesamehasbeensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthroughtheGreekarmy52Syracusein395B.C.Fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople53incrowdedconditionshenceitislikelytoattackarmies.Duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread54ofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive55in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.Liketherecentoutbreak56startedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreakinfluenzahadsteadily57andwasbelievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreatoutbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu58aconstantthreat.InApril1918flubrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively59deaths.Fourmonthslater60asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso61youngadults.ItwentthrougheverycountryintheworldonlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining.62.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries63foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakendedit64atleast15millionpeople.Thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus65thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.
InfluenzaInfluenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.According51someGreekwritersonmedicalhistorytheoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.ThesamehasbeensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthroughtheGreekarmy52Syracusein395B.C.Fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople53incrowdedconditionshenceitislikelytoattackarmies.Duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread54ofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive55in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.Liketherecentoutbreak56startedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreakinfluenzahadsteadily57andwasbelievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreatoutbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu58aconstantthreat.InApril1918flubrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively59deaths.Fourmonthslater60asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso61youngadults.ItwentthrougheverycountryintheworldonlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining.62.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries63foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakendedit64atleast15millionpeople.Thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus65thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.
InfluenzaInfluenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.According51someGreekwritersonmedicalhistorytheoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.ThesamehasbeensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthroughtheGreekarmy52Syracusein395B.C.Fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople53incrowdedconditionshenceitislikelytoattackarmies.Duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread54ofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive55in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.Liketherecentoutbreak56startedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreakinfluenzahadsteadily57andwasbelievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreatoutbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu58aconstantthreat.InApril1918flubrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively59deaths.Fourmonthslater60asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso61youngadults.ItwentthrougheverycountryintheworldonlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining.62.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries63foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakendedit64atleast15millionpeople.Thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus65thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.
InfluenzaInfluenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.According51someGreekwritersonmedicalhistorytheoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.ThesamehasbeensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthroughtheGreekarmy52Syracusein395B.C.Fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople53incrowdedconditionshenceitislikelytoattackarmies.Duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread54ofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive55in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.Liketherecentoutbreak56startedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreakinfluenzahadsteadily57andwasbelievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreatoutbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu58aconstantthreat.InApril1918flubrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively59deaths.Fourmonthslater60asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso61youngadults.ItwentthrougheverycountryintheworldonlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining.62.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries63foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakendedit64atleast15millionpeople.Thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus65thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.
HowtoUsetheSenseofSmellOursenseofsmellwhichwenormallytakeforgrantedisnowadaysbeingincreasinglyusedforpurposeswhichmightsurpriseusifweawareofthem.Oneareainwhichsmellsarecreatedtoachieveparticularresultsismarketing.Forsometimemanufacturershavetakenadvantageofoursenseofsmellwithregardtohouseholdgoods.Millionsofdollarsarespentonproductresearchinthehuntfortherightsmellasitisbelievedperfumeinflunencesthewayconsumersperceiveabrand.InasurveyintheUnitedStateswhenpeoplewereaskedwhatwasthemostimportantfactorintheirchoiceofdetergent洗衣粉smellwasratedhighlyaboveingredientsandprice.Nowstoresarebecomingevenmoredirectintheiruseofsmell.Thesmelloffreshbreadinasupermarkettendstoencouragepeopletobuyandpeoplesellingtheirhousesarerecommendedtohavecoffeebeingheatedwhenpotentialbuyersarrive.Suddenlysmellisbecomingbigbusiness.Onecompanyspecializingintheuseofsmellstoattractcustomersnowhasmanylargestoresonitsownlistofcustomers.Theyfindthatwhenpleasantsmellsarefilteredthroughastore’sairconditionsystempeopletendtospendlongerinthestoreandbuymore.Reserchshowsthatsmellscanincreasepeople’sviewofthevalueofaproduct.Inatestpeoplelookedatthesametypesofshoesintworooms--onefilledwithpurifiedairtheotherwithasmellofmixedflowersofthepeoplepreferredtheshoesintheroomwiththesmellofflowers.InfactmanysaidtheywouldbepreparedtopayuptoUS$10moreforapair.Smellsalsohaveotherpotentialuses.Somecompaniesareexperimentingwithdifferentsmellstoproducedifferenteffectsintheirworkersaccordingtothetimeofday.Forexampleearlyinthemorningtheymightputthesmelloflemonintheairconditioningsystemtowakepeopleup.Inthemiddleofthemorningwhentheatmospheretendstobecomemoretensethesmellofwoodcouldbeusedtocalmpeopledown.Beforelunchtimethesmellofmeltingbutterwouldencouragepeopletogotolunchontime.Afterlunchwhenpeopleoftenbegintoloseconcentrationthesmellofmint薄荷wouldincreasetheiralertness.ThemajorityofpeopleinthetestPar
InfluenzaInfluenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.According51someGreekwritersonmedicalhistorytheoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.ThesamehasbeensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthroughtheGreekarmy52Syracusein395B.C.Fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople53incrowdedconditionshenceitislikelytoattackarmies.Duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread54ofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive55in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.Liketherecentoutbreak56startedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreakinfluenzahadsteadily57andwasbelievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreatoutbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu58aconstantthreat.InApril1918flubrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively59deaths.Fourmonthslater60asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso61youngadults.ItwentthrougheverycountryintheworldonlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining.62.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries63foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakendedit64atleast15millionpeople.Thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus65thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.
HomeHeatingCentralheatingbecamepopularonlyaftertheCivilWar.Typicallycoal-burningfurnaces火炉fueledtheearlysystems.Naturalgashaddevelopedintotheleadingfuelby1960.Itsacceptanceresultedinpartfromitswideuses.BecauseitcomesprimarilyfromU.S.andCanadianfieldsnaturalgasisalsolessvulnerable脆弱的thanoilistoWar.OilremainsthemostimportantfuelinafewareassuchasNewEngland.ElectricheatingdominatesmostareaswithmildwintersandcheapelectricityincludingtheSouthandtheNorthwest.ItwasmadepopularatleastintheSouthbythelowcostofaddingelectricheatingtonewhousesbuiltwithair-conditioning.Bottledgaswhichissomewhatmoreexpensivethanutilitygasisthefuelofchoiceinruralareasnotservedbyutilitypipelines.Woodistheleadingheatingfuelinjustafewruralcounties.Homeheatingwhichaccountsforlessthan7percentofallenergyconsumedintheU.S.hashadacommendable值得赞扬的efficiencyrecord:from1978to1997theamountoffuelconsumedforthispurposedeclined44percentdespitea33percentincreaseinthenumberofhousingunitsandanincreaseinhousesize.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyhoweverforecaststhatenergyusedinhomeheatingwillriseby14percentoverthenexttwodecades.Thatriseissmallconsideringanexpected21percentincreaseinthenumberofhousesandthetrendtowardlargerhouses.Naturalgasandelectricitywillprobablydominatethehomeheatingmarketforthenexttwodecades.Solar太阳的heatingneverbecamepopularbecauseofcostandlimitedwintersunlightinmostareas;in2000only47000homesreliedonit.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle
DevelopmentinNewspaperOrganizationOneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinnewspaperorganizationduringthefirstpartofthetwentiethcentury46whichareknownaswireservices.Wire-servicecompaniesemployedreporterswhocoveredstoriesallovertheworld.Theirnewsreportsweresenttopapersthroughoutthecountrybytelegraph.Thepaperspaidanannualfeeforthisservice.Wireservicescontinue47.TodaythemajorwireservicesaretheAssociatedPressAPandUnitedPressInternationalUPI.YouwillfrequentlyfindAPorUPIatthebeginningofanewsstory.Newspaperchainsandmergersbegantoappearintheearly1900s.Achainconsistsoftwoormorenewspapers48.Amergerinvolvescombiningtwoormorepapersintoone.Duringthenineteenthcenturymanycitieshadmorethanonecompetitiveindependentpaper.Todayinmostcitiesthereareonlyoneortwonewspapersand49.Oftennewspapersinseveralcitiesbelongtoonechain.Papershavecombined50.Chainsandmergershavecutdownproductioncostsandbroughttheadvantagesofbig-businessmethodstothenewspaperindustry.A.toplayanimportantroleinnewspaperoperationsB.wasthegrowthoftelegraphservicesC.andtheyusuallyenjoygreatprestigeD.theyareusuallyoperatedbyasingleownerE.inordertosurviveunderthepressureofrisingcostsF.ownedbyasinglepersonororganization
ManyinternationalconferencesareheldinGenev
Theyhaveaccomplishedtheirmissionsuccessfully.
A.mustbeveryboringB.somekindofrecreationC.participatinginthemD.torelaxoneselfE.tochooseone’sownwayofrelaxingF.GoodphysicalandmentalhealthParticipatingindoorsportsoroutdoorsportsisagoodway______.
EnergyResourcesHumansareusinguptheworld’senergyresourcesinawaynootheranimalhaseverdone.Weusethemtoprovidelightandheatinginourhomestoploughthelandtocookourfoodtotraveltorunourfactoriesandincountlessotherways.Whetherweareruralworkersinadevelopingcountryorurbanworkersinawealthyindustrialcountryweallneedenergyalthoughthesourcesoftheenergyandtheamountsusedvarygreatlyfromonesocietytoanother.Therearedifferentformsortypesofenergy.Fuelssuchascoaloilpetroleumandwoodcontainchemicalenergy.Whenthesefuelsareburntthechemicalenergychangestoheatandlightenergy.Electricityisthemostimportantformofenergyintheindustrializedworldbecauseitcanbetransportedoverlongdistancesviacablesandtransmissionlines.Itisalsoaveryconvenientformofenergysinceitcanpowerawidevarietyofhouseholdappliancesandindustrialmachinery.Itisproducedbyconvertingthechemicalenergyfromcoaloilornaturalgasinpowerstations.Energyresourcesfallintotwobroadgroups:renewableandnonrenewable.Renewableresourcesarethosewhichreplenish补充themselvesnaturallyandwilleitheralwaysbeavailablehydroelectricpower水力发电solarenergywindandwavepowertidalenergyandgeothermalenergy地热能orwillcontinuetobeavailableprovidedsuppliesaregivensufficienttimetoreplenishthemselves-peat泥煤andfirewood.Nonrenewableresourcesarethoseofwhichtherearelimitedsuppliesandwhichonceusedaregoneforever.Theseincludecoaloilnaturalgasanduranium轴.Coaloilandnaturalgasarecalledfossilfuels化石燃料becausetheyarethefossilized使成化石remainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedhundredsofmillionsofyearsage.Burningfossilfuelsreleaseschemicalsthatcauseacidrainandisgraduallyincreasingthecarbondioxideintheatmospherecausingglobalwarming.Electricityisthemostimportantformofenergyintheindustrializedworld.
Theideaofnothavingtogetupearlyeverymorningisratherappealingtome.
EnergyResourcesHumansareusinguptheworld’senergyresourcesinawaynootheranimalhaseverdone.Weusethemtoprovidelightandheatinginourhomestoploughthelandtocookourfoodtotraveltorunourfactoriesandincountlessotherways.Whetherweareruralworkersinadevelopingcountryorurbanworkersinawealthyindustrialcountryweallneedenergyalthoughthesourcesoftheenergyandtheamountsusedvarygreatlyfromonesocietytoanother.Therearedifferentformsortypesofenergy.Fuelssuchascoaloilpetroleumandwoodcontainchemicalenergy.Whenthesefuelsareburntthechemicalenergychangestoheatandlightenergy.Electricityisthemostimportantformofenergyintheindustrializedworldbecauseitcanbetransportedoverlongdistancesviacablesandtransmissionlines.Itisalsoaveryconvenientformofenergysinceitcanpowerawidevarietyofhouseholdappliancesandindustrialmachinery.Itisproducedbyconvertingthechemicalenergyfromcoaloilornaturalgasinpowerstations.Energyresourcesfallintotwobroadgroups:renewableandnonrenewable.Renewableresourcesarethosewhichreplenish补充themselvesnaturallyandwilleitheralwaysbeavailablehydroelectricpower水力发电solarenergywindandwavepowertidalenergyandgeothermalenergy地热能orwillcontinuetobeavailableprovidedsuppliesaregivensufficienttimetoreplenishthemselves-peat泥煤andfirewood.Nonrenewableresourcesarethoseofwhichtherearelimitedsuppliesandwhichonceusedaregoneforever.Theseincludecoaloilnaturalgasanduranium轴.Coaloilandnaturalgasarecalledfossilfuels化石燃料becausetheyarethefossilized使成化石remainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedhundredsofmillionsofyearsage.Burningfossilfuelsreleaseschemicalsthatcauseacidrainandisgraduallyincreasingthecarbondioxideintheatmospherecausingglobalwarming.Burningfossilfuelsdoeslittleharmtotheenvironment.
InfluenzaInfluenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.According51someGreekwritersonmedicalhistorytheoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.ThesamehasbeensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthroughtheGreekarmy52Syracusein395B.C.Fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople53incrowdedconditionshenceitislikelytoattackarmies.Duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread54ofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive55in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.Liketherecentoutbreak56startedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreakinfluenzahadsteadily57andwasbelievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreatoutbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu58aconstantthreat.InApril1918flubrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively59deaths.Fourmonthslater60asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso61youngadults.ItwentthrougheverycountryintheworldonlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining.62.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries63foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakendedit64atleast15millionpeople.Thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus65thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.
EnergyResourcesHumansareusinguptheworld’senergyresourcesinawaynootheranimalhaseverdone.Weusethemtoprovidelightandheatinginourhomestoploughthelandtocookourfoodtotraveltorunourfactoriesandincountlessotherways.Whetherweareruralworkersinadevelopingcountryorurbanworkersinawealthyindustrialcountryweallneedenergyalthoughthesourcesoftheenergyandtheamountsusedvarygreatlyfromonesocietytoanother.Therearedifferentformsortypesofenergy.Fuelssuchascoaloilpetroleumandwoodcontainchemicalenergy.Whenthesefuelsareburntthechemicalenergychangestoheatandlightenergy.Electricityisthemostimportantformofenergyintheindustrializedworldbecauseitcanbetransportedoverlongdistancesviacablesandtransmissionlines.Itisalsoaveryconvenientformofenergysinceitcanpowerawidevarietyofhouseholdappliancesandindustrialmachinery.Itisproducedbyconvertingthechemicalenergyfromcoaloilornaturalgasinpowerstations.Energyresourcesfallintotwobroadgroups:renewableandnonrenewable.Renewableresourcesarethosewhichreplenish补充themselvesnaturallyandwilleitheralwaysbeavailablehydroelectricpower水力发电solarenergywindandwavepowertidalenergyandgeothermalenergy地热能orwillcontinuetobeavailableprovidedsuppliesaregivensufficienttimetoreplenishthemselves-peat泥煤andfirewood.Nonrenewableresourcesarethoseofwhichtherearelimitedsuppliesandwhichonceusedaregoneforever.Theseincludecoaloilnaturalgasanduranium轴.Coaloilandnaturalgasarecalledfossilfuels化石燃料becausetheyarethefossilized使成化石remainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedhundredsofmillionsofyearsage.Burningfossilfuelsreleaseschemicalsthatcauseacidrainandisgraduallyincreasingthecarbondioxideintheatmospherecausingglobalwarming.Chinaisthecountryrichestincoalreserve.
A.mustbeveryboringB.somekindofrecreationC.participatinginthemD.torelaxoneselfE.tochooseone’sownwayofrelaxingF.GoodphysicalandmentalhealthItisgenerallybelievedthatthosewhoworkallthetimeanddonotknowhowtorelax______.
DevelopmentinNewspaperOrganizationOneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinnewspaperorganizationduringthefirstpartofthetwentiethcentury46whichareknownaswireservices.Wire-servicecompaniesemployedreporterswhocoveredstoriesallovertheworld.Theirnewsreportsweresenttopapersthroughoutthecountrybytelegraph.Thepaperspaidanannualfeeforthisservice.Wireservicescontinue47.TodaythemajorwireservicesaretheAssociatedPressAPandUnitedPressInternationalUPI.YouwillfrequentlyfindAPorUPIatthebeginningofanewsstory.Newspaperchainsandmergersbegantoappearintheearly1900s.Achainconsistsoftwoormorenewspapers48.Amergerinvolvescombiningtwoormorepapersintoone.Duringthenineteenthcenturymanycitieshadmorethanonecompetitiveindependentpaper.Todayinmostcitiesthereareonlyoneortwonewspapersand49.Oftennewspapersinseveralcitiesbelongtoonechain.Papershavecombined50.Chainsandmergershavecutdownproductioncostsandbroughttheadvantagesofbig-businessmethodstothenewspaperindustry.A.toplayanimportantroleinnewspaperoperationsB.wasthegrowthoftelegraphservicesC.andtheyusuallyenjoygreatprestigeD.theyareusuallyoperatedbyasingleownerE.inordertosurviveunderthepressureofrisingcostsF.ownedbyasinglepersonororganization
1AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboyisapopularsayingintheUnitedStates.Othercountrieshavesimilarsayings.Itistruethatallofusneedrecreation.Wecannotworkallthetimeifwearegoingtomaintaingoodhealthandenjoylife.Goodphysicalandmentalhealthinfactenablesustoworkmoreefficiently.2Everyonehashisownwayofrelaxing.Perhapsthemostpopularwayistoparticipateinsports.Thereareteamsportssuchasbaseballbasketballandfootball.Thereareindividualsportsalsosuchasgolfandswimming.Inadditionhikingfishingskatingandmountainclimbinghaveagreatattractionforpeoplewholiketobeoutdoors.Chesscard-playinganddancingareformsofindoorrecreationenjoyedbymanypeople.3Noteveryonewhoenjoyssportingeventslikestoparticipateinthem.Manypeopleprefertobespectatorseitherbyattendingthegamesinpersonwatchingthemontelevisionorlisteningtothemontheradio.Whenthereisanimportantbaseballgameorboxingmatchitisalmostimpossibletogettickets;everyonewantstoattend.4Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherweplayafastgameofping-pongconcentrateoverthebridgetable桥牌桌orgowalkingthroughthewoodsonabrisk清闲的autumnafternoon.Itisimportantforeveryonetorelaxfromtimetotimeandenjoysomeformofrecreation.A.TheimportanceofhavingrecreationB.TherecreationcentersC.TypesofsportsD.FunofbeingspectatorsE.ThenecessityofhavingrecreationF.DangersinvolvedinplayingsportsParagraph1______.
Heaccidentallyfoundastockofjewelrystampswhenhewaspackinguphisbooks.
Smokingwillhebannedinallpublicplaceshere.
HowtoUsetheSenseofSmellOursenseofsmellwhichwenormallytakeforgrantedisnowadaysbeingincreasinglyusedforpurposeswhichmightsurpriseusifweawareofthem.Oneareainwhichsmellsarecreatedtoachieveparticularresultsismarketing.Forsometimemanufacturershavetakenadvantageofoursenseofsmellwithregardtohouseholdgoods.Millionsofdollarsarespentonproductresearchinthehuntfortherightsmellasitisbelievedperfumeinflunencesthewayconsumersperceiveabrand.InasurveyintheUnitedStateswhenpeoplewereaskedwhatwasthemostimportantfactorintheirchoiceofdetergent洗衣粉smellwasratedhighlyaboveingredientsandprice.Nowstoresarebecomingevenmoredirectintheiruseofsmell.Thesmelloffreshbreadinasupermarkettendstoencouragepeopletobuyandpeoplesellingtheirhousesarerecommendedtohavecoffeebeingheatedwhenpotentialbuyersarrive.Suddenlysmellisbecomingbigbusiness.Onecompanyspecializingintheuseofsmellstoattractcustomersnowhasmanylargestoresonitsownlistofcustomers.Theyfindthatwhenpleasantsmellsarefilteredthroughastore’sairconditionsystempeopletendtospendlongerinthestoreandbuymore.Reserchshowsthatsmellscanincreasepeople’sviewofthevalueofaproduct.Inatestpeoplelookedatthesametypesofshoesintworooms--onefilledwithpurifiedairtheotherwithasmellofmixedflowersofthepeoplepreferredtheshoesintheroomwiththesmellofflowers.InfactmanysaidtheywouldbepreparedtopayuptoUS$10moreforapair.Smellsalsohaveotherpotentialuses.Somecompaniesareexperimentingwithdifferentsmellstoproducedifferenteffectsintheirworkersaccordingtothetimeofday.Forexampleearlyinthemorningtheymightputthesmelloflemonintheairconditioningsystemtowakepeopleup.Inthemiddleofthemorningwhentheatmospheretendstobecomemoretensethesmellofwoodcouldbeusedtocalmpeopledown.Beforelunchtimethesmellofmeltingbutterwouldencouragepeopletogotolunchontime.Afterlunchwhenpeopleoftenbegintoloseconcentrationthesmellofmint薄荷wouldincreasetheiralertness.Inthesurveywhenselectingdetergentpeopleconsideredsmell______.
InfluenzaInfluenzahasbeenwithusalongtime.According51someGreekwritersonmedicalhistorytheoutbreakof412B.C.wasofinfluenza.ThesamehasbeensuggestedofthesicknessthatsweptthroughtheGreekarmy52Syracusein395B.C.Fluisadiseasethatmovesmostquicklyamongpeople53incrowdedconditionshenceitislikelytoattackarmies.Duringthenineteenthcenturytherewerefivewidespread54ofinfluenza.Thelastofthefive55in1889andmarkedthebeginningofthestoryofinfluenzainourtime.Liketherecentoutbreak56startedinAsia.Formorethanfortyyearsbeforethatoutbreakinfluenzahadsteadily57andwasbelievedtobedyingout.Anewgroupofoutbreakswasintroducedbythegreatoutbreakof1889-1890andforthenextquarterofacenturyflu58aconstantthreat.InApril1918flubrokeoutamongAmericantroopsstationedinFrance.Itquicklyspreadthroughallthearmiesbutcausedrelatively59deaths.Fourmonthslater60asecondoutbreakstartedwhichprovedtobeakiller.Itkillednotonlytheoldandalreadysickbutalso61youngadults.ItwentthrougheverycountryintheworldonlyafewdistantislandsintheSouthAtlanticandthePacificremaining.62.Itbroughtthelifeofwholecountries63foodsuppliesstoppedandworklosswasverygreat.Beforethegreatoutbreakendedit64atleast15millionpeople.Thereaftertherehavebeenseveralgreatoutbreaksthroughouttheworld.Itisthus65thatinfluenzaisaterribleinfectionthatwehavetopaymoreattentionto.
Johniscrazyaboutpopmusic.
Researchindicatesthatmenfinditeasiertogiveupsmokingthanwomen.
Abouteightmillionschool-agechildrenarehomealoneafterschool.Thesearethehourswhenthenumberofviolentcrimespeaksandwhenyouthsaremostlikelytoexperimentwithalcoholtobaccoanddrugs.Manyolderchildrentakecareofthemselvesafterschoolforanhourortwountilaparentcomeshomeandresearchsuggeststhatsomeofthesechildrenaremoreatriskofpoorgradesandriskybehaviors.Studieshavebeendonetofindoutwhathelpstoreducethesekindsofriskybehaviorsamongyouths.OnestudyofChicagoneighborhoodsshowedthatafter-schoolprogramsresultedinlessviolenceeveninpoorneighborhoods.After-schoolprogramscanhelptoreducecrimeandviolencebecausetheyofferactivitiestochildrenandyouthsduringtheirout-of-schooltime.Inadditiontohelpingyouthsmakeuseofafterschoolhoursafter-schoolprogramsprovideteenswithopportunitiestodevelopcaringrelationshipswithadults.Studieshavefoundthathigh-qualityrelationshipswithparentsandotheradultsaswellasgooduseoftimeareveryimportantforhealthydevelopmentinyouth.After-schoolprogramscanalsobeusedforteenswhohangoutatfriends’housesandplaybasketballwhenaparentorotherresponsibleadultisathome.Theprogramscanalsobehelpfulforformalafter-schoolactivitiesincludingdrop-inprogramsthatareprovidedbyorganizations.Despitethebenefitsofafter-schoolprogramstherearemanyreasonswhysomeparentsdonotusethem.Programsmaybetooexpensiveofpoorqualityorhardtojoin.Someotherchildrenandyoungteensmayrefusetoattendprogramsthatseemliketheyarejustchildcare.Parentsmayfeeluncertainabouthowmuchfreedomisproperforchildrenandyouthswhoarebeyondthetraditionalchildcareyears.Howeverresearchsupportstheeffectivenessoftheseprogramsinprotectingmiddleschoolandhighschoolyouthsfromriskandharm.Whichofthefollowingisabenefitofafter-schoolprograms
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