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引致需求(derived demand)
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土地引致需求
生产者对生产要素的需求是一种
最终需求
引致需求
渐进式需求
规模需求
反映生产要素市场和产品市场之间联系的概念是
边际需求
引致需求
复合需求
联合需求
生产要素的需求是一种派生需求引致需求
生产者对生产要素的需求是
派生需求
引致需求
联合需求
复合需求
原生需求
Demandcurveordemandschedule需求曲线或需求表
土地需求是一种引致需求或者说是一种派生需求是由于对土地产品的需求才有对土地的需求
生产要素的需求是一种
派生需求
直接需求
联合需求
最终产品的需求
引致需求
生产要素的需求是一种
派生需求
直接需求
联合需求
间接需求
引致需求
土地需求是
引致需求
派生需求
直接对土地产生的需求
对土地产品的需求引致的
是人们对生活资料的需求引起的
土地需求是
引致需求
派生需求
直接对土地产生的需求
是人们对生活资料的需求引起的
因为对土地产品的需求引致的
生产者对生产要素的需求是
替代需求
引致需求
直接需求
联合需求
派生需求
对土地的需求是一种引致需求即由对土地上的产品和服务的需求而引起的需求
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Directions: Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutlearningfromargument.ChoosethemostsuitablefromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedparagraph41—45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Communicationmakesbothpartyknowmoreabouteachotherwhichmakeanagreement. [B]Theargumentitselfcannotexpandknowledge. [C]Reasonabledebateplaysapostiveroleinknowledgeadrances [D]Abasiccommonknowledgemabecontributiontotheargumentfromwhichpeoplelearnsomething. [E]Generallyknowledgeisgainedbyargument. [F]Learningcanbeinterruptedbytheargument. DowelearnmorefrompeoplewhoseviewsweshareincommonthanfromthosewhoseideascontradictorsThespeakerclaimssoforthereasonthatdisagreementcancausestressandinhabitlearning.Iconcedethatunduediscordcanimpedelearning.Otherwiseinmyviewwelearnfarfromdiscourseanddebatewiththosewhoseideasweopposethanfrompeoplewhoseideasareinaccordwithourown. 41.______ Admittedlyundersomecircumstancesdisagreementwithotherscanbecounterproductivetolearning.Forsupportingexamplesoneneedlooknofurtherthanatelevisionset.Ontoday’stypicaltelevisionorradiotalkshowdisagreementusuallymanifestsitselfinmeaninglessrhetoricalboutsandshoutingmatchesduringwhichopponentsvietohavetheirownmessageheardbuthavelittleinteresteitherinfindinganycommongroundwithorinacknowledgingthemeritsoftheopponent’sviewpoint.Understandablyneitherthecombatantsnortheviewerslearnanythingmeaningful.Infactthesebattlesonlyservetoreinforcethepredispositionsandbiasesofallconcerned.Theendresultisthatlearningisimpeded. 42.______ Disagreementcanalsoinhibitlearningwhentwoopponentsdisagreeonfundamentalassumptionsneededformeaningfuldiscourseanddebate.Forexampleastudentofpaleontologylearnslittleabouttheevolutionofananimalspeciesundercurrentstudybydebatingwithanindividualwhosereligiousbeliefsystemprecludesthepossibilityofevolutiontobeginwith.Andeconomicsandfinancestudentslearnlittleaboutthedynamicsofalaissez-fairesystembydebatingwithasocialistwhoseviewisthatacentralizedpowershouldcontrolalleconomicactivity. 43.______ AsidefromtheforegoingtwoprovisionshoweverIfundamentallydisagreewiththespeaker’sclaim.Assumingcommongroundbetweentworationalandreasonableopponentswillingtodebateonintellectualmeritsbothopponentsstandtogainmuchfromthatdebate.Indeeditisprimarilythroughsuchdebatethathumanknowledgeadvanceswhetheratthepersonalcommunityorgloballevel. 44.______ Atthepersonallevelbylisteningtotheirparents’rationalefortheirseeminglyoppressiverulesandpoliciesteenagerscanlearnhowcertainbehaviorsnaturallycarrycertainundesirableconsequences.Atthesametimebylisteningtotheirteenagersconcernsaboutautonomyandaboutpeerpressuresparentscanlearnthevaluablelessonthateffectiveparentingandcontrolaretwodifferentthings.Atthecommunitylevelthroughdispassionatedialogueanenvironmentalactivistcancometounderstandthelegitimateeconomicconcernsofthosewhosejobsdependonthecontinuedprofitableoperationofafactory.Converselythelattermightstandtolearnmuchaboutthepotentialpublic-healthpricetobepaidbyensuringjobgrowthandalowunemploymentrate.Finallyatthegloballeveltwonationswithopposingpoliticaloreconomicinterestscanreachmutuallybeneficialagreementsbystrivingtounderstandtheother’slegitimateconcernsforitsnationalsecurityitspoliticalsovereigntythestabilityofitseconomyandcurrencyandsoforth. 45.______ InsumunlesstwoopponentsinadebateareeachwillingtoplayonthesamefieldandbythesamerulesIconcedethatdisagreementcanimpedelearning.Otherwisereasoneddiscourseanddebatebetweenpeoplewithopposingviewpointsistheveryfoundationuponwhichhumanknowledgeadvances.Accordinglyonbalancethespeakerisfundamentallycorrect. 41
Moresurprisingperhapsthanthecurrentdifficultiesoftraditionalmarriageisthefactthatmarriageitselfisaliveandthriving.AsSkolnicknotesAmericansareamarryingpeople:RelativetoEuropeansmoreofusmarryandwemarryatayoungerage.Moreoverasteradeclineintheearly1970stherateofmarriageintheUnitedStatesisnowincreasing.Eventhedivorcerateneedstobetakeninthispro-marriagecontext:some80percentofdivorcedindividualsremarry.Thusmarriageremainsbyfarthepreferredwayoflifeforthevastmajorityofpeopleinoursociety. Whathaschangedmorethanmarriageisthenuclearfamily.Twenty-fiveyearsagothetypicalAmericanfamilyconsistedofahusbandawifeandtwoorthreechildren.Nowtherearemanymarriagesinwhichcoupleshavedecidednottohaveanychildren.Andtherearemanymarriageswhereatleastsomeofthechildrenarefromthewife’spreviousmarriageorthehusband’sorboth.Sometimesthesechildrenspendalloftheirtimewithoneparentfromtheformermarriage;sometimestheyaresharedbetweenthetwoformerspouses. Thusonecanfindtheverytypeoffamilyarrangement.Therearemarriageswithoutchildren;marriageswithchildrenfromonlythepresentmarriage;marriageswith"full-time"childrenfromthepresentmarriageand"part-time"childrenfromformermarriages.Therearestep-fathersstep-mothershalf-brothersandhalf-sisters.Itisnotallthatunusualforachildtohavefourparentsandeightgrandparents!Theseareenormouschangesfromthetraditionalnuclearfamily.Butevensoeveninthemidstofallthisthereremainsoneconstant:MostAmericansspendmostoftheiradultlivesmarried. EventhoughgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthestructureofAmericanfamilies
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. 46U.S.farmersareplantingmoreacresofcropsusingsoilbuildingandpollutionfightingfamingsystemsthantraditionalmethodsthatrelyontheploworintensivetillageaccordingtoareportduetobereleasedearlynextmonth. Thereporttitled"NationalCropResidueManagementSurvey"showsa6millionacregainforenvironmentallyfriendlyfarmingsystemsthisyear. 47Italsoshowstraditionalfarmingmethodswhichresultingreatersoilerosionandrunofffromfieldsdeclinedby4millionacres. 48Thesurveyconductedonacounty-by-countybasisbyUSDANaturalResourcesConservationServiceindicatesthatfarmersinIowaIllinoisSouthDakotaKansasandIndianacontributedthemosttotheincreaseinacresgrownwithenvironmentallyfriendlyfarmingsystemsknownasconservationtillagesystems. Thesestatesaccountedfor5millionofthe6millionacreincreaseinconservationtillagethisyear. Allconservationtillagesystemssuchasno-tillmulch-tillridge-tillstrip-tillandzone-tillrelyonlesstillageorlesssoildisturbancetoplantandmanagecrops. Farmerswhousethesesystemsleaveplantmaterialsstemsstalksandleaves—onthesurfaceoffieldsafterharvest. Theplantmaterialsalsocalledcropresiduesserveasablankettoprotectthesoilfromerosion. Thecropresiduesslowlydecomposetoaddorganicmattertothesoilmuchlikemulchingorcompostingaddorganicmattertoagarden. Thesurveyresultsfor1997indicatethatconservationtillagesystemsnowaccountfor109.8millionacresorfully37percentofthe294.6millionannuallyplantedcroplandacresintheUnitedStates. Inthemeantimetraditionalsystemsthatrelyontheploworintensivetillagefellto107.6millionacresthisyear. Theremainingacresareinanintermediatefarmingsystemknownasreducedtill. 49Theheadofthenonprofitcenterthatcompilesandpublishestheannualsurveyiscallingonconsumersandfarmersaliketofocusincreasedattentiononconservationtillagesystems. "50Independentresearchandpracticalapplicationacrossthecountryshowthatthesesystemsnotonlyreplenishandbuildorganicmatterinthesoilforimprovedfuturefoodproductivitybuttheywillalsoprotectwaterqualityandenhancewildlifeandtheenvironmentforfuturegenerations"saysJohnHebblethwaiteexecutivedirectoroftheConservationTechnologyInformationCenter."Thereisalsogrowingevidencethatthesesystemscanevenhelpuscombatthepotentialforglobalwarming"headds. ConservationtillagehaslongbeencreditedforprotectingwaterqualitybyreducingrunofffromfarmfieldsaccordingtoHebblethwaite. Henotesthelatestresearchalsoindicatesthatsoilenrichedbycropresiduesoffersnaturalprotectionforgroundwater. Conservationtillagesystemssavethefarmermoneybyreducingtripsthroughthefieldforplantingandcultivation. Italsoshowstraditionalfarmingmethodswhichresultingreatersoilerosionandrunofffromfieldsdeclinedby4millionacres.
Text3LastweekUtahfederalJudgePaulG.Cassellhandeda22-yearsentencetoamanwhobeatanelderlywomantodeathwithalog.AfewhourslaterJudgeCassellsentenceda25-year-oldfirst-timedrugoffenderto55years.IfyouthinkJudgeCasselllikedsentencingasmall-changedrugdealertomoretimethanaviolentkillerguessagain.Thejudgehadnochoice.FederallawdemandedthesentencedespiteJudgeCassell’spointedquestioningiftherewasa"rationalbasis"forsentencingWeldonH.Angelosthefatheroftwoyoungchildrentomoretimethanhecouldsentenceahijackermurderorrapist.Blamefederalmandatoryminimumsentencingrules.AjuryfoundAngelosguiltyonthreeseparatechargesofpossessingafirearmwhilehesoldahalf-poundofmarijuanafor＄350.Thefirstchargeofpossessingagunduringadrugtransactionbroughtafive-yearsentence--thesecondtwochargesbrought25yearseach.Thataddsupto55yearssoevenifAngeloswerefoundguiltyofselling＄1050ofdrugsJudgeCassellhadtofollowtherulesandsentencehimto55yearsontheguncharges.Thejudgedidusearecentfederalrulinginreducingthesentenceforthedrug-sellingcrimestooneday.JudgeCassellwasrighttoimposethedraconiansentence.Ifheignoredfederallawhewouldplacehimselfaboveit.InsteadJudgeCassellsentencedAngelusasthelawdirectedevenasherighteouslyhectoredCongresstorewritefederaldruglawssofirst-timeoffendersdon’tservemoretimethandangerouscareercriminals.ThejudgealsourgedAngelus’attorneyJeromeH.Mooneytoappealthesentenceandifappealsfailseekapresidentialcommutation.Whilecivil-rightsadvocatesacrossAmericaprotestedthesentencetheUtahUSAttorney’sofficedefendedthesystem.ToprosecutorsAngelusisnoBuyScout.Officialsfoundsome26emptyduffelhagswithmarijuanaresidue.LocalfedsbelievedAngeluswasabigdrugdealerAssistantUSAttorneyRobertLundtoldmeandassociatedwithaviolentstreetgang.Letmesaythis:Angelusneverwasagoodposterboyforthemovementtohumanizedraconianfederaldruglaws.Angelusturneddownaplea-bargainsentenceof16years.Heisconsideredafirst-timeoffenderonlybecauseajuvenilegunconvictionwasexpungedfromhisrecord.AndevenifAngelosdidn’twavehisguninpeople’sfaceshenonethelessbroughtagunwithhimduringthetransactions.ButAngeloshasbecomeanationalcausecelebrebecauseofJudgeCassell.Therearemoreegregiousexamplesoffirst-timeoffenderssentencedtodecadesforpettydealingbuttheydidn’tcomebeforeajudgevocallyopposedtotheheavyhandednatureoffederaldrugsentencing.Thatsaiditsimplydoesn’tmakesensethatfederalsentencesoftenaretougheronsmall-timedrugoffendersthanonviolentcriminals.Butithappensallthetime. BysayingthatAngeloshasBecomeanationalcausecelebreLine1Paragraph8theauthorimpliesthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutlearningfromargument.ChoosethemostsuitablefromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedparagraph41—45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Communicationmakesbothpartyknowmoreabouteachotherwhichmakeanagreement. [B]Theargumentitselfcannotexpandknowledge. [C]Reasonabledebateplaysapostiveroleinknowledgeadrances [D]Abasiccommonknowledgemabecontributiontotheargumentfromwhichpeoplelearnsomething. [E]Generallyknowledgeisgainedbyargument. [F]Learningcanbeinterruptedbytheargument. DowelearnmorefrompeoplewhoseviewsweshareincommonthanfromthosewhoseideascontradictorsThespeakerclaimssoforthereasonthatdisagreementcancausestressandinhabitlearning.Iconcedethatunduediscordcanimpedelearning.Otherwiseinmyviewwelearnfarfromdiscourseanddebatewiththosewhoseideasweopposethanfrompeoplewhoseideasareinaccordwithourown. 41.______ Admittedlyundersomecircumstancesdisagreementwithotherscanbecounterproductivetolearning.Forsupportingexamplesoneneedlooknofurtherthanatelevisionset.Ontoday’stypicaltelevisionorradiotalkshowdisagreementusuallymanifestsitselfinmeaninglessrhetoricalboutsandshoutingmatchesduringwhichopponentsvietohavetheirownmessageheardbuthavelittleinteresteitherinfindinganycommongroundwithorinacknowledgingthemeritsoftheopponent’sviewpoint.Understandablyneitherthecombatantsnortheviewerslearnanythingmeaningful.Infactthesebattlesonlyservetoreinforcethepredispositionsandbiasesofallconcerned.Theendresultisthatlearningisimpeded. 42.______ Disagreementcanalsoinhibitlearningwhentwoopponentsdisagreeonfundamentalassumptionsneededformeaningfuldiscourseanddebate.Forexampleastudentofpaleontologylearnslittleabouttheevolutionofananimalspeciesundercurrentstudybydebatingwithanindividualwhosereligiousbeliefsystemprecludesthepossibilityofevolutiontobeginwith.Andeconomicsandfinancestudentslearnlittleaboutthedynamicsofalaissez-fairesystembydebatingwithasocialistwhoseviewisthatacentralizedpowershouldcontrolalleconomicactivity. 43.______ AsidefromtheforegoingtwoprovisionshoweverIfundamentallydisagreewiththespeaker’sclaim.Assumingcommongroundbetweentworationalandreasonableopponentswillingtodebateonintellectualmeritsbothopponentsstandtogainmuchfromthatdebate.Indeeditisprimarilythroughsuchdebatethathumanknowledgeadvanceswhetheratthepersonalcommunityorgloballevel. 44.______ Atthepersonallevelbylisteningtotheirparents’rationalefortheirseeminglyoppressiverulesandpoliciesteenagerscanlearnhowcertainbehaviorsnaturallycarrycertainundesirableconsequences.Atthesametimebylisteningtotheirteenagersconcernsaboutautonomyandaboutpeerpressuresparentscanlearnthevaluablelessonthateffectiveparentingandcontrolaretwodifferentthings.Atthecommunitylevelthroughdispassionatedialogueanenvironmentalactivistcancometounderstandthelegitimateeconomicconcernsofthosewhosejobsdependonthecontinuedprofitableoperationofafactory.Converselythelattermightstandtolearnmuchaboutthepotentialpublic-healthpricetobepaidbyensuringjobgrowthandalowunemploymentrate.Finallyatthegloballeveltwonationswithopposingpoliticaloreconomicinterestscanreachmutuallybeneficialagreementsbystrivingtounderstandtheother’slegitimateconcernsforitsnationalsecurityitspoliticalsovereigntythestabilityofitseconomyandcurrencyandsoforth. 45.______ InsumunlesstwoopponentsinadebateareeachwillingtoplayonthesamefieldandbythesamerulesIconcedethatdisagreementcanimpedelearning.Otherwisereasoneddiscourseanddebatebetweenpeoplewithopposingviewpointsistheveryfoundationuponwhichhumanknowledgeadvances.Accordinglyonbalancethespeakerisfundamentallycorrect. 45
LateralthinkingfirstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinkerbutthedeBononamewassofamousCaspar’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschoolhisteachersmightsnap"Wheredoyougetthatideafrom" "Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit"Edwardadmits.NowCasparisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.InfactwhenhewasapplyingtoOxfordnoneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance."Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions"hisfathersays"usingmytechniquesandwhenhewentupfortheexamhedidextremelywell."SoonafterEdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink"inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare. Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequenceandeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattletryingtoteachthemtothink"Youknow"EdwarddeBonosays"ifyouexaminepeople’sthinkingitisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview." "TeachYourChildHowtoThink"offerslessonsinperceptionimprovementofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives. AccordingtoParagraph3whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressesEdwarddeBono’sview
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutlearningfromargument.ChoosethemostsuitablefromthelistA—Fforeachnumberedparagraph41—45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Communicationmakesbothpartyknowmoreabouteachotherwhichmakeanagreement. [B]Theargumentitselfcannotexpandknowledge. [C]Reasonabledebateplaysapostiveroleinknowledgeadrances [D]Abasiccommonknowledgemabecontributiontotheargumentfromwhichpeoplelearnsomething. [E]Generallyknowledgeisgainedbyargument. [F]Learningcanbeinterruptedbytheargument. DowelearnmorefrompeoplewhoseviewsweshareincommonthanfromthosewhoseideascontradictorsThespeakerclaimssoforthereasonthatdisagreementcancausestressandinhabitlearning.Iconcedethatunduediscordcanimpedelearning.Otherwiseinmyviewwelearnfarfromdiscourseanddebatewiththosewhoseideasweopposethanfrompeoplewhoseideasareinaccordwithourown. 41.______ Admittedlyundersomecircumstancesdisagreementwithotherscanbecounterproductivetolearning.Forsupportingexamplesoneneedlooknofurtherthanatelevisionset.Ontoday’stypicaltelevisionorradiotalkshowdisagreementusuallymanifestsitselfinmeaninglessrhetoricalboutsandshoutingmatchesduringwhichopponentsvietohavetheirownmessageheardbuthavelittleinteresteitherinfindinganycommongroundwithorinacknowledgingthemeritsoftheopponent’sviewpoint.Understandablyneitherthecombatantsnortheviewerslearnanythingmeaningful.Infactthesebattlesonlyservetoreinforcethepredispositionsandbiasesofallconcerned.Theendresultisthatlearningisimpeded. 42.______ Disagreementcanalsoinhibitlearningwhentwoopponentsdisagreeonfundamentalassumptionsneededformeaningfuldiscourseanddebate.Forexampleastudentofpaleontologylearnslittleabouttheevolutionofananimalspeciesundercurrentstudybydebatingwithanindividualwhosereligiousbeliefsystemprecludesthepossibilityofevolutiontobeginwith.Andeconomicsandfinancestudentslearnlittleaboutthedynamicsofalaissez-fairesystembydebatingwithasocialistwhoseviewisthatacentralizedpowershouldcontrolalleconomicactivity. 43.______ AsidefromtheforegoingtwoprovisionshoweverIfundamentallydisagreewiththespeaker’sclaim.Assumingcommongroundbetweentworationalandreasonableopponentswillingtodebateonintellectualmeritsbothopponentsstandtogainmuchfromthatdebate.Indeeditisprimarilythroughsuchdebatethathumanknowledgeadvanceswhetheratthepersonalcommunityorgloballevel. 44.______ Atthepersonallevelbylisteningtotheirparents’rationalefortheirseeminglyoppressiverulesandpoliciesteenagerscanlearnhowcertainbehaviorsnaturallycarrycertainundesirableconsequences.Atthesametimebylisteningtotheirteenagersconcernsaboutautonomyandaboutpeerpressuresparentscanlearnthevaluablelessonthateffectiveparentingandcontrolaretwodifferentthings.Atthecommunitylevelthroughdispassionatedialogueanenvironmentalactivistcancometounderstandthelegitimateeconomicconcernsofthosewhosejobsdependonthecontinuedprofitableoperationofafactory.Converselythelattermightstandtolearnmuchaboutthepotentialpublic-healthpricetobepaidbyensuringjobgrowthandalowunemploymentrate.Finallyatthegloballeveltwonationswithopposingpoliticaloreconomicinterestscanreachmutuallybeneficialagreementsbystrivingtounderstandtheother’slegitimateconcernsforitsnationalsecurityitspoliticalsovereigntythestabilityofitseconomyandcurrencyandsoforth. 45.______ InsumunlesstwoopponentsinadebateareeachwillingtoplayonthesamefieldandbythesamerulesIconcedethatdisagreementcanimpedelearning.Otherwisereasoneddiscourseanddebatebetweenpeoplewithopposingviewpointsistheveryfoundationuponwhichhumanknowledgeadvances.Accordinglyonbalancethespeakerisfundamentallycorrect. 43
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1MaryEberstadtwritesinHome-AloneAmericathatgrowingobesitythehighincidenceofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseamongteenagersandanoverdependenceondrugssuchasRitalinforattentiondeficitdisorderareoftenthefaultofparentswho"outsource"theirresponsibilities."Wetendtothinkthattheproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthebottomendofthesocialspectrumbutlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongtheaffluent"saidEberstadtamotheroffourwhoisaconservativewriterandresearchfellowatStanfordUniversity’sHooverInstitution.AccordingtothemostrecentfiguresfromtheUSCensusBureau41%ofchildrenaged12to14regularlylookafterthemselvesattheendoftheschoolday.Thefiguresrisewithprosperity.Forchildrenaged5to14"self-careincreasesfrom11%ofchildreninpovertyto22%ofthosewithfamilyincomesatleastdoublethepovertyline."Eberstadt’sbookisdividingsociologistscriticsandpartisansinthe"mommywars"betweenstay-at-homeandworkingparents.Achildclingstotheanklesofhissmartlydressedmothertostopherleavingforworkonthefrontofthebook;hedoesthesametohisfatherontheback.P.J.O’RourketheconservativecommentatorandsatiristsupportsEberstadt’sthesis."Ifyoudon’tthinkherargumentshavemerittrytreatingyourdogthewayAmericatreatsitskids"hesaid."Givethepuppyherownsetofhousekeysandputherinfrontofthetelevisioninsteadoftakingherforawalk.Lethereatanythingshewantsandhousetrainherself.Sendhertoanothermasterforvisitationattheweekends.Andwhenshecomesintoheatturnherlooseinthepound."JamesQ.WilsonauthorofTheMarriageProblem:HowOurCultureHasWeakenedFamiliesisoneoftheintellectualforcesbehindzerotolerancepolicing.Hepraisedthebook’s"greatunarguablethemethatparentalcareisofdecisiveimportanceinshapingthecharacterofourchildren".FeministcriticsincontrastaccuseEberstadtofTaliban-stylethinking.TheWashingtonPostattackedher"seductive"but"nasty"opinionsandlackof"interestinhowrealpeopleliveorthinkabouttheirlives".Eberstadtinsiststhatsheisnotorderingwomenbacktothehome."Thebottomlineisalotmorenuanced"shesaid."Itdoesn’thavetobe’you’thereafterschoolbuttherearenotenoughprotectivesupportinglovingadultsaround."Neighbourhoodssheadded"aresoemptiedofadultpresencethateventherichestkidsjustgohomethrowthedeadboltandgetnoexercisemorestrenuousthanwalkingfromthevideogametotherefrigerator."TheresultofbeinghomealoneisnotjustsnackingandobesitybutcasualsexleadingtoanexplosioninvenerealdiseasesthatcanleadtoinfertilityandcervicalcancerEberstadtsaid. ThewordoutsourceLine3Paragraph1maybebestreplacedby
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearchsuchasarticlestoappearinjournalsreportsaddressedtofundingagenciesthesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegreesandpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhomtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem. Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportinginabriefyetinformativewayfocusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurposereviewoftheliteratureoftenreferredtoas"background"proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytableschartsandgraphsandinterpretationsoftheresultsoftenreferredtoasdiscussion. Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreadersresearchorpractitionersanditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.ArticlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearchwhilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectdatatheconstructionofdatacollectionproceduresandthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedataItisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot. Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudytherationaleathoroughreviewoftheliteraturedetailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopmentadescriptionofdataanalysisandtheresultsandaninterpretationoftheresultsintheformofconclusionsimplicationsandrecommendation.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch. Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesseminarsandcolloquia.Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconciseyetinformativewayfocusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticleheretoothecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners. Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough
In1998consumerscouldpurchasevirtuallyanythingovertheInternet.BookscompactdiscsandevenstockswereavailablefromWorldWideWebSitesthatseemedtospringupalmostdaily.Afewyearsearliersomepeoplehadpredictedthatconsumersaccustomedtoshoppinginstoreswouldbereluctanttobuythingsthattheycouldnotseeortouchinperson.Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumershowevershoppingfromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothestore. Aresearchestimatedthatin1998USconsumerswouldpurchase$7.3billionofgoodsovertheInternetdoublethe1997total.FindingabargainwasgettingeasierowingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingontheInternetforthebestdeal. Foralltheconsumerinterestretailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusinesshowever.InternetpioneerAmazon.comwhichbegansellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideospostedrevenueof$153.7millioninthethirdquarterupfrom$37.9minioninthesameperiodof1997.Overallhoweverthecompany’slosswidenedto$45.2millionfrom$9.6millionandanalystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.DespitethegreatlossAmazon.comhadastockmarketvalueofmanybillionsreflectinginvestors’optimismaboutthefutureoftheindustry. Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseitprovidedanefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownriskshowever.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers’attentionpricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.OnevideoretailersoldthehitmovieTitanicfor$9.99undercuttingthe$19.99suggestedretailpriceandlosingabout$6oneachcopysold.WithInternetretailingstillinitsinitialstage;companiesseemedwillingtoabsorbsuchlossesinanattempttoestablishadominantmarketposition. FindingabargainontheInternetwasgettingeasierpartlybecause
Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearchsuchasarticlestoappearinjournalsreportsaddressedtofundingagenciesthesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegreesandpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhomtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem. Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportinginabriefyetinformativewayfocusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurposereviewoftheliteratureoftenreferredtoas"background"proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytableschartsandgraphsandinterpretationsoftheresultsoftenreferredtoasdiscussion. Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreadersresearchorpractitionersanditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.ArticlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearchwhilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectdatatheconstructionofdatacollectionproceduresandthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedataItisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot. Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudytherationaleathoroughreviewoftheliteraturedetailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopmentadescriptionofdataanalysisandtheresultsandaninterpretationoftheresultsintheformofconclusionsimplicationsandrecommendation.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch. Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesseminarsandcolloquia.Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconciseyetinformativewayfocusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticleheretoothecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners. Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Text2KarenPagebravedpre-dawndarknessandfreezingtemperaturesyesterdaytofacedownasceneof"organizedchaos".Hundredsofearly-birdshopperswerewaitingoutsideorinidlingcarswhenMissPagearrivedforherjobasastoregreeteratToysRUsinFairOaksShoppingCenterinFairfax.Welcometo"BlackFriday"perhapsthebiggestretailSalesdayoftheyearasmillionsofshoppersacrossAmericaareluredtostoreswithexpandedhoursandheavilydiscountedprices."Thisisanorganizedchaoswhichisagoodthing"saidMissPagewhotookupapositionatthefrontofthestoretogreetandassistcustomers.Shewasquicklyoverwhelmedascrowdspouredinandcountlesscustomersaskedhertofindaparticulartoy.OnBlackFridayshoppershopetogetthebeststuffatthebestpricesforholidaygifts.RetailershopetogetajumpontheholidaysalesseasonwhichtraditionallystartsafterThanksgivingandrunsthroughChristmassaidEllenTolleyspokeswomanfortheNationalRetailFederationthelargesttradeassociationforretailers.ThedayafterThanksgivingiscalled"BlackFriday"becauseitistraditionallythedaywhenretailers’booksshiftfromredtoblack."You’llseemoreconsumersbuyingthingsaheadoftime"shesaid.MissPagewhohasbeenworkingattheToysRUssince1995calledthe300to400peoplewaitingoutsidebeforethestoreopeningyesterday"aboutaverage".Retailersnationwideanticipatea4.5percentsalesjumpthisholidayseasonbringingtotalspendingupto＄219.9billionMissTolleysaid.Thatislessthanlastyear’sholidaysalesspikeof5.1percentbutstillsolidshesaid."It’sasignthatconsumersaremoresettledthantheywereayearagoandtheyfeelcomfortablefinanciallyandconfidentwiththeeconomy"MissTolleysaid.Americanswillspendonaverage＄730onChristmasgiftsaccountingforroughlyaquarterofannualretailsalesdownfromlastyear’s＄734perpersonaccordingtoGallup’sannualholidaysurvey.Luxuryitemslikehigh-endelectronicsfursandjewelryalongwithtoysareexpectedtoleadsalesthisholidayseasonMissTolleysaid.Additionallyconsumerswillspendanaverage＄80.45ongiftcardsshesaid.Notallofthoseitemswillbeboughtatstores.Washingtonareashopperswillspend58percentoftheirbudgetonlinethisyearaccordingtoAmericaOnline.RetailersintheDistrictalsoaretryingtoattractshopperswithasalestaxholidaywhichwillrunthroughDec.5.Washington’s5.75percentsalestaxwillbeexemptedfromclothingshoesandaccessoriesthatcostlessthan＄100each.Thereisnolimitonthetotalvalueofthepurchases. Thebesttitleofthistextshouldbe
LateralthinkingfirstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonoin1967isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinkerbutthedeBononamewassofamousCaspar’sparentsworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschoolhisteachersmightsnap"Wheredoyougetthatideafrom" "Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit"Edwardadmits.NowCasparisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic.InfactwhenhewasapplyingtoOxfordnoneofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance."Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions"hisfathersays"usingmytechniquesandwhenhewentupfortheexamhedidextremelywell."SoonafterEdwarddeBonodecidedtowritehislatestbook"TeachYourChildHowtoThink"inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare. Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequenceandeverybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattletryingtoteachthemtothink"Youknow"EdwarddeBonosays"ifyouexaminepeople’sthinkingitisquiteunusualtofindfaultsoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview." "TeachYourChildHowtoThink"offerslessonsinperceptionimprovementofclearlyseeingtheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternatives. CasparsucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Directions: Oneofyourpenpalswillshortlybevisitingyourcity.Forsomereasonsyoucannotmanagetomeethimattheairportontime. Writealetteraskinghimtowaitforyouattheairportandtellhimhowtoidentifyyou. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Text2KarenPagebravedpre-dawndarknessandfreezingtemperaturesyesterdaytofacedownasceneof"organizedchaos".Hundredsofearly-birdshopperswerewaitingoutsideorinidlingcarswhenMissPagearrivedforherjobasastoregreeteratToysRUsinFairOaksShoppingCenterinFairfax.Welcometo"BlackFriday"perhapsthebiggestretailSalesdayoftheyearasmillionsofshoppersacrossAmericaareluredtostoreswithexpandedhoursandheavilydiscountedprices."Thisisanorganizedchaoswhichisagoodthing"saidMissPagewhotookupapositionatthefrontofthestoretogreetandassistcustomers.Shewasquicklyoverwhelmedascrowdspouredinandcountlesscustomersaskedhertofindaparticulartoy.OnBlackFridayshoppershopetogetthebeststuffatthebestpricesforholidaygifts.RetailershopetogetajumpontheholidaysalesseasonwhichtraditionallystartsafterThanksgivingandrunsthroughChristmassaidEllenTolleyspokeswomanfortheNationalRetailFederationthelargesttradeassociationforretailers.ThedayafterThanksgivingiscalled"BlackFriday"becauseitistraditionallythedaywhenretailers’booksshiftfromredtoblack."You’llseemoreconsumersbuyingthingsaheadoftime"shesaid.MissPagewhohasbeenworkingattheToysRUssince1995calledthe300to400peoplewaitingoutsidebeforethestoreopeningyesterday"aboutaverage".Retailersnationwideanticipatea4.5percentsalesjumpthisholidayseasonbringingtotalspendingupto＄219.9billionMissTolleysaid.Thatislessthanlastyear’sholidaysalesspikeof5.1percentbutstillsolidshesaid."It’sasignthatconsumersaremoresettledthantheywereayearagoandtheyfeelcomfortablefinanciallyandconfidentwiththeeconomy"MissTolleysaid.Americanswillspendonaverage＄730onChristmasgiftsaccountingforroughlyaquarterofannualretailsalesdownfromlastyear’s＄734perpersonaccordingtoGallup’sannualholidaysurvey.Luxuryitemslikehigh-endelectronicsfursandjewelryalongwithtoysareexpectedtoleadsalesthisholidayseasonMissTolleysaid.Additionallyconsumerswillspendanaverage＄80.45ongiftcardsshesaid.Notallofthoseitemswillbeboughtatstores.Washingtonareashopperswillspend58percentoftheirbudgetonlinethisyearaccordingtoAmericaOnline.RetailersintheDistrictalsoaretryingtoattractshopperswithasalestaxholidaywhichwillrunthroughDec.5.Washington’s5.75percentsalestaxwillbeexemptedfromclothingshoesandaccessoriesthatcostlessthan＄100each.Thereisnolimitonthetotalvalueofthepurchases. TheholidayseasonLine2Paragraph13probablyrefersto
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1MaryEberstadtwritesinHome-AloneAmericathatgrowingobesitythehighincidenceofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseamongteenagersandanoverdependenceondrugssuchasRitalinforattentiondeficitdisorderareoftenthefaultofparentswho"outsource"theirresponsibilities."Wetendtothinkthattheproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthebottomendofthesocialspectrumbutlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongtheaffluent"saidEberstadtamotheroffourwhoisaconservativewriterandresearchfellowatStanfordUniversity’sHooverInstitution.AccordingtothemostrecentfiguresfromtheUSCensusBureau41%ofchildrenaged12to14regularlylookafterthemselvesattheendoftheschoolday.Thefiguresrisewithprosperity.Forchildrenaged5to14"self-careincreasesfrom11%ofchildreninpovertyto22%ofthosewithfamilyincomesatleastdoublethepovertyline."Eberstadt’sbookisdividingsociologistscriticsandpartisansinthe"mommywars"betweenstay-at-homeandworkingparents.Achildclingstotheanklesofhissmartlydressedmothertostopherleavingforworkonthefrontofthebook;hedoesthesametohisfatherontheback.P.J.O’RourketheconservativecommentatorandsatiristsupportsEberstadt’sthesis."Ifyoudon’tthinkherargumentshavemerittrytreatingyourdogthewayAmericatreatsitskids"hesaid."Givethepuppyherownsetofhousekeysandputherinfrontofthetelevisioninsteadoftakingherforawalk.Lethereatanythingshewantsandhousetrainherself.Sendhertoanothermasterforvisitationattheweekends.Andwhenshecomesintoheatturnherlooseinthepound."JamesQ.WilsonauthorofTheMarriageProblem:HowOurCultureHasWeakenedFamiliesisoneoftheintellectualforcesbehindzerotolerancepolicing.Hepraisedthebook’s"greatunarguablethemethatparentalcareisofdecisiveimportanceinshapingthecharacterofourchildren".FeministcriticsincontrastaccuseEberstadtofTaliban-stylethinking.TheWashingtonPostattackedher"seductive"but"nasty"opinionsandlackof"interestinhowrealpeopleliveorthinkabouttheirlives".Eberstadtinsiststhatsheisnotorderingwomenbacktothehome."Thebottomlineisalotmorenuanced"shesaid."Itdoesn’thavetobe’you’thereafterschoolbuttherearenotenoughprotectivesupportinglovingadultsaround."Neighbourhoodssheadded"aresoemptiedofadultpresencethateventherichestkidsjustgohomethrowthedeadboltandgetnoexercisemorestrenuousthanwalkingfromthevideogametotherefrigerator."TheresultofbeinghomealoneisnotjustsnackingandobesitybutcasualsexleadingtoanexplosioninvenerealdiseasesthatcanleadtoinfertilityandcervicalcancerEberstadtsaid. MaryEberstadtwouldmostlyagree
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1MaryEberstadtwritesinHome-AloneAmericathatgrowingobesitythehighincidenceofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseamongteenagersandanoverdependenceondrugssuchasRitalinforattentiondeficitdisorderareoftenthefaultofparentswho"outsource"theirresponsibilities."Wetendtothinkthattheproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthebottomendofthesocialspectrumbutlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongtheaffluent"saidEberstadtamotheroffourwhoisaconservativewriterandresearchfellowatStanfordUniversity’sHooverInstitution.AccordingtothemostrecentfiguresfromtheUSCensusBureau41%ofchildrenaged12to14regularlylookafterthemselvesattheendoftheschoolday.Thefiguresrisewithprosperity.Forchildrenaged5to14"self-careincreasesfrom11%ofchildreninpovertyto22%ofthosewithfamilyincomesatleastdoublethepovertyline."Eberstadt’sbookisdividingsociologistscriticsandpartisansinthe"mommywars"betweenstay-at-homeandworkingparents.Achildclingstotheanklesofhissmartlydressedmothertostopherleavingforworkonthefrontofthebook;hedoesthesametohisfatherontheback.P.J.O’RourketheconservativecommentatorandsatiristsupportsEberstadt’sthesis."Ifyoudon’tthinkherargumentshavemerittrytreatingyourdogthewayAmericatreatsitskids"hesaid."Givethepuppyherownsetofhousekeysandputherinfrontofthetelevisioninsteadoftakingherforawalk.Lethereatanythingshewantsandhousetrainherself.Sendhertoanothermasterforvisitationattheweekends.Andwhenshecomesintoheatturnherlooseinthepound."JamesQ.WilsonauthorofTheMarriageProblem:HowOurCultureHasWeakenedFamiliesisoneoftheintellectualforcesbehindzerotolerancepolicing.Hepraisedthebook’s"greatunarguablethemethatparentalcareisofdecisiveimportanceinshapingthecharacterofourchildren".FeministcriticsincontrastaccuseEberstadtofTaliban-stylethinking.TheWashingtonPostattackedher"seductive"but"nasty"opinionsandlackof"interestinhowrealpeopleliveorthinkabouttheirlives".Eberstadtinsiststhatsheisnotorderingwomenbacktothehome."Thebottomlineisalotmorenuanced"shesaid."Itdoesn’thavetobe’you’thereafterschoolbuttherearenotenoughprotectivesupportinglovingadultsaround."Neighbourhoodssheadded"aresoemptiedofadultpresencethateventherichestkidsjustgohomethrowthedeadboltandgetnoexercisemorestrenuousthanwalkingfromthevideogametotherefrigerator."TheresultofbeinghomealoneisnotjustsnackingandobesitybutcasualsexleadingtoanexplosioninvenerealdiseasesthatcanleadtoinfertilityandcervicalcancerEberstadtsaid. ThephraseTaliban-stylethinkingLine1Paragraph8mostprobablyrefersto
Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearchsuchasarticlestoappearinjournalsreportsaddressedtofundingagenciesthesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegreesandpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhomtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem. Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportinginabriefyetinformativewayfocusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurposereviewoftheliteratureoftenreferredtoas"background"proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytableschartsandgraphsandinterpretationsoftheresultsoftenreferredtoasdiscussion. Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreadersresearchorpractitionersanditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.ArticlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearchwhilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectdatatheconstructionofdatacollectionproceduresandthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedataItisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot. Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudytherationaleathoroughreviewoftheliteraturedetailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopmentadescriptionofdataanalysisandtheresultsandaninterpretationoftheresultsintheformofconclusionsimplicationsandrecommendation.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch. Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferencesseminarsandcolloquia.Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconciseyetinformativewayfocusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticleheretoothecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeetingandwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners. Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. 46U.S.farmersareplantingmoreacresofcropsusingsoilbuildingandpollutionfightingfamingsystemsthantraditionalmethodsthatrelyontheploworintensivetillageaccordingtoareportduetobereleasedearlynextmonth. Thereporttitled"NationalCropResidueManagementSurvey"showsa6millionacregainforenvironmentallyfriendlyfarmingsystemsthisyear. 47Italsoshowstraditionalfarmingmethodswhichresultingreatersoilerosionandrunofffromfieldsdeclinedby4millionacres. 48Thesurveyconductedonacounty-by-countybasisbyUSDANaturalResourcesConservationServiceindicatesthatfarmersinIowaIllinoisSouthDakotaKansasandIndianacontributedthemosttotheincreaseinacresgrownwithenvironmentallyfriendlyfarmingsystemsknownasconservationtillagesystems. Thesestatesaccountedfor5millionofthe6millionacreincreaseinconservationtillagethisyear. Allconservationtillagesystemssuchasno-tillmulch-tillridge-tillstrip-tillandzone-tillrelyonlesstillageorlesssoildisturbancetoplantandmanagecrops. Farmerswhousethesesystemsleaveplantmaterialsstemsstalksandleaves—onthesurfaceoffieldsafterharvest. Theplantmaterialsalsocalledcropresiduesserveasablankettoprotectthesoilfromerosion. Thecropresiduesslowlydecomposetoaddorganicmattertothesoilmuchlikemulchingorcompostingaddorganicmattertoagarden. Thesurveyresultsfor1997indicatethatconservationtillagesystemsnowaccountfor109.8millionacresorfully37percentofthe294.6millionannuallyplantedcroplandacresintheUnitedStates. Inthemeantimetraditionalsystemsthatrelyontheploworintensivetillagefellto107.6millionacresthisyear. Theremainingacresareinanintermediatefarmingsystemknownasreducedtill. 49Theheadofthenonprofitcenterthatcompilesandpublishestheannualsurveyiscallingonconsumersandfarmersaliketofocusincreasedattentiononconservationtillagesystems. "50Independentresearchandpracticalapplicationacrossthecountryshowthatthesesystemsnotonlyreplenishandbuildorganicmatterinthesoilforimprovedfuturefoodproductivitybuttheywillalsoprotectwaterqualityandenhancewildlifeandtheenvironmentforfuturegenerations"saysJohnHebblethwaiteexecutivedirectoroftheConservationTechnologyInformationCenter."Thereisalsogrowingevidencethatthesesystemscanevenhelpuscombatthepotentialforglobalwarming"headds. ConservationtillagehaslongbeencreditedforprotectingwaterqualitybyreducingrunofffromfarmfieldsaccordingtoHebblethwaite. Henotesthelatestresearchalsoindicatesthatsoilenrichedbycropresiduesoffersnaturalprotectionforgroundwater. Conservationtillagesystemssavethefarmermoneybyreducingtripsthroughthefieldforplantingandcultivation. Theheadofthenonprofitcenterthatcompilesandpublishestheannualsurveyiscallingonconsumersandfarmersaliketofocusincreasedattentiononconservationtillagesystems.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
In1998consumerscouldpurchasevirtuallyanythingovertheInternet.BookscompactdiscsandevenstockswereavailablefromWorldWideWebSitesthatseemedtospringupalmostdaily.Afewyearsearliersomepeoplehadpredictedthatconsumersaccustomedtoshoppinginstoreswouldbereluctanttobuythingsthattheycouldnotseeortouchinperson.Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumershowevershoppingfromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothestore. Aresearchestimatedthatin1998USconsumerswouldpurchase$7.3billionofgoodsovertheInternetdoublethe1997total.FindingabargainwasgettingeasierowingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingontheInternetforthebestdeal. Foralltheconsumerinterestretailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusinesshowever.InternetpioneerAmazon.comwhichbegansellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideospostedrevenueof$153.7millioninthethirdquarterupfrom$37.9minioninthesameperiodof1997.Overallhoweverthecompany’slosswidenedto$45.2millionfrom$9.6millionandanalystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.DespitethegreatlossAmazon.comhadastockmarketvalueofmanybillionsreflectinginvestors’optimismaboutthefutureoftheindustry. Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseitprovidedanefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownriskshowever.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers’attentionpricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.OnevideoretailersoldthehitmovieTitanicfor$9.99undercuttingthe$19.99suggestedretailpriceandlosingabout$6oneachcopysold.WithInternetretailingstillinitsinitialstage;companiesseemedwillingtoabsorbsuchlossesinanattempttoestablishadominantmarketposition. ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAmazon.com
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Barbieisgoingthroughamidlifecrisis.After1withlongtimeboyfriendKenearlierthisyearshehas2refugeinshoppingsurfingbubblebathsandpartyingwithacrewoftrendypalsonthebeachinJamaica.At45sheevenmadea3fortheWhiteHouse.Thentherewasthemakeover:anew.4ofPaulFrankfashionsherownfragranceanewmusicalandanewman-spiky-hairedAustraliansurferBlaine.Butshe5isgoingthroughacrisisonethatstartedatthecashregister.6theBarbiebrandasawhole7＄3.6billioninglobalretailsalesthisyearaccordingtomanufacturerMattelInc.Barbiehas8salesslideoverthepastsevenquarters.Inthepastfewyearsrivals9theedgierBratzhaveupstagedtheiconicdoll.Tore-energizeitsflagshipbrandtheworld’slargesttoymakersetoutto10Barbieandherpalsina11ofbooksmagazinesandanimatedfilmshopingthestorylineswould12salesofthedollandhertroveofaccessories.Forgirlsages6to9Mattelcraftedstorieswithpreteenscenarios--dancepartiesdatingandshopping.Barbie’slooknow13reflectscurrentfashiontrends.Mattelsigned"tween"divaHilaryDuffto14thebrand.She’s"tile’It’girlfortheBarbieset"saidChrisByrneanindependenttoyconsultantandeditoroftheToyReport.Mattelis15thestory-lineconcepttonewandexistingdolllinesacrossBarbie’s16thoughonlyabouttwo-thirdsofthenewtoyswillbeinstoresthisyearwiththe17arrivingin2005."Weneedtomakeprogressinregainingtheconfidenceofretailersandthat18time"RobertA.EckertMattel’schairmanandchiefexecutivetoldWallStreetanalystslastmonth.Perhapsabigger19forMattelispersuadingparentsandchildrenthatBarbieiscool.Thatcachethaseludedthebrandinrecentyearsparticularlyamongoldergirlsmanyofwhomeitherhavelostinterestindollsor20Bratz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
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