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阅读下面两首诗歌，然后回答问题。 夜雨寄北 李商隐 君问归期未有期，巴山夜雨涨秋池。 何当共剪西窗烛，却话巴山夜雨时。 芙蓉楼送辛渐① 王昌龄 寒雨连江夜入吴，平明②送客楚山孤。 ...
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ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第8空应选择
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第18空应选择
—Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithus—YesI'dloveto.I'mafraidIhavenotime.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第16空应选择
二 Everyobjecttellsastory.Eventhemostordinaryobjectscanpresenttouspowerfulimages.Sometimesitistheordinarynatureoftheseobjectsthatactuallymakesthemsoextraordinary.SuchisthecasewithanoldleathershoeinamuseuminAlaska.Atfirstglanceitdoesnotlooklikemuch.Itisawoman’sshoeofastylepopularinthe1890s.Butwhatisuniqueaboutthisshoeiswhereitwasfound.ItwasdiscoveredontheCheckoutPassthefamoustrailusedbythepeopleseekinggoldinAlaska.Whoitbelongedtoorwhyitwasleftthereisnotknown.Wasitperhapsdroppedbyaccidentasthewomanclimbedupthe1500stairscarvedoutfaceOrdidshethrowawaygoodsthatshedidn’tneedinordertotravellighter Over100000peoplewith"goldfever"madethistriphopingtobecomemillionaires.Fewofthemunderstoodthatontheirwaytheywouldhavetocrossaharshwildness.Unpreparedforsuchadangerousjourneymanydiedofstarvationandexposuretothecoldweather. TheCanadiangovernmentfinallystartedrequiringthegoldseekerstobringonetonofsupplieswiththem.Thiswasthoughttobeenoughforapersontosurviveforoneyear.Theywouldcarrytheirsuppliesinbackpackseachweighinguptofiftypounds;itusuallytookatleast40tripstogeteverythingtothetopandoverthepass.Whoeverdroppedtheshoemusthavebeenabraveanddeterminedwoman.PerhapsshewassuccessfulandmadeittoAlaska.Perhapsshehadtoturnbackindefeat.Noonewilleverknowforsurebutwhatwedoknowisthatshetookpartinoneofthegreatestadventuresinthe19thcentury. AccordingtothispassagemanypeoplewhowenttoAlaska.
三 LikeeverylanguageAmericanEnglishisfullofspecialexpressionsphrasesthatcomefromtheday-to-daylifeofthepeopleanddevelopintheirownway.Ourexpressiontodayis"tofacethemusic". Whensomeonesays"wellIguessI’llhavetofacethemusic"itdoesnotmeanhe’splanningtogototheconcert.Itissomethingfarlesspleasantlikebeingcalledinbyyourbosstoexplainwhyyoudidthisanddidthatandwhyyoudidn’tdothisorthat.Sourmusicindeedbutithastobefaced.Atsometimeoranothereveryoneofushashadtofacethemusicespeciallyaschildren.Wecanallrememberfather’sangryvoice"Iwanttotalktoyou."andonlybecausewedidnotobeyhim.Whatanunpleasantbusinessitwas! Thephrase"tofacethemusic"isfamiliartoeveryAmericanyoungandold.Itisatleast100yearsold.AndwheredidthisexpressioncomefromThefirstexplanationcomesfromtheAmericannovelistJamesFenimoreLooper.HesaidinI851thattheexpressionwasfirstusedbyactorswhilewaitinginthewingstogoonthestage.Whentheygottheircuetogoontheyoftensaid"Wellit’stimetofacethemusic."Andthatwasexactlywhattheydid—facingtheorchestrawhichwasjustbelowthem.Andanactormightbefrightenedornervousashemovedontothestageinfrontofanaudiencethatmightbefriendlyorperhapshostileespeciallyifheforgothisfines.Buthehadtogoout.Ifhedidnottherewouldbenoplay.Sotheexpression"tofacethemusic"cometomean"havingtogothroughsomethingnomatterhowunpleasanttheexperiencemightbebecauseyouknewyouhadnochoice". Otherexplanationsabouttheexpressiongobacktothearmy.WhenthemenfacedaninspectionbytheirleaderthesoldierswouldbeworriedabouthowwelltheylookedwastheirequipmentcleanshinnyenoughtopasstheinspectionStillthemenhadtogooutandfacethemusicofthebandaswellastheinspection.Whatelsecouldtheydo Anotherarmyexplanationismorecloselyrelatedtotheideaoffacingtheresultsandacceptingtheresponsibilityforsomethingthatshouldnothavebeendone.Asforexamplewhenamanisforcedoutofthearmybecausehedidsomethingterribleheisdishonored.Thebanddoesnotplay.Onlythedrumstapasadslowbeat.Thesoldierisforcedtoleavefacingsuchmusicasitisandfacingthebackofhishorse. Theunderlinedwordhostilemeans.
四 Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreeofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflifeonebecomeshappyandtheotherbecomesunhappy.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthingspersonseventsandtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds. Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconvenienceofthings;thepleasantpartsofconversationthewellprepareddishesthegoodnessofthewineandthefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyoftheoppositethings.Thereforetheyarecontinuallydissatisfied.Bytheirremarkstheysourthepleasureofsocietyoffendhurtmanypeopleandmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwasfoundedinnaturesuchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabitunknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrongbutitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmayheofservicetothemandhelpthemchangethishabit. Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimaginationithasseriousresultsinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers;nobodylovesthemandnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesinsocialpositionorfortunenobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestartasteporspeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicobjectionsnoonewilldefendorexcusethemandmanywilljointocriticizetheirwrongdoings.Theseshouldchangethisbadhabitandbepleasedwithwhatispleasingwithoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonotitwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenientespeciallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels. Ifsuchunhappypersonsinsistonkeepingthehabittheauthorsuggeststhatpeopleshould.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第12空应选择
国家课程的管理权属于
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第6空应选择
Ofthe9500driverssincethebeginningoftheyear23%werefoundinroadknowledge.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance 第2空应选择
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第10空应选择
Ihatevegetables.Ieatthem.
Igotuplateandwenttoschoolbreakfast.
二 Everyobjecttellsastory.Eventhemostordinaryobjectscanpresenttouspowerfulimages.Sometimesitistheordinarynatureoftheseobjectsthatactuallymakesthemsoextraordinary.SuchisthecasewithanoldleathershoeinamuseuminAlaska.Atfirstglanceitdoesnotlooklikemuch.Itisawoman’sshoeofastylepopularinthe1890s.Butwhatisuniqueaboutthisshoeiswhereitwasfound.ItwasdiscoveredontheCheckoutPassthefamoustrailusedbythepeopleseekinggoldinAlaska.Whoitbelongedtoorwhyitwasleftthereisnotknown.Wasitperhapsdroppedbyaccidentasthewomanclimbedupthe1500stairscarvedoutfaceOrdidshethrowawaygoodsthatshedidn’tneedinordertotravellighter Over100000peoplewith"goldfever"madethistriphopingtobecomemillionaires.Fewofthemunderstoodthatontheirwaytheywouldhavetocrossaharshwildness.Unpreparedforsuchadangerousjourneymanydiedofstarvationandexposuretothecoldweather. TheCanadiangovernmentfinallystartedrequiringthegoldseekerstobringonetonofsupplieswiththem.Thiswasthoughttobeenoughforapersontosurviveforoneyear.Theywouldcarrytheirsuppliesinbackpackseachweighinguptofiftypounds;itusuallytookatleast40tripstogeteverythingtothetopandoverthepass.Whoeverdroppedtheshoemusthavebeenabraveanddeterminedwoman.PerhapsshewassuccessfulandmadeittoAlaska.Perhapsshehadtoturnbackindefeat.Noonewilleverknowforsurebutwhatwedoknowisthatshetookpartinoneofthegreatestadventuresinthe19thcentury. Nomatterwhathappenedtothewomanwhoownedtheshoe.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第14空应选择
教学目标
美国行为主义心理学家华生主张
HesaidWebeproudofworkinghard.Wemustn'tbelazy.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第20空应选择
一 Humansaresocialanimals.Theyliveingroupsallovertheworld.Asthesegroupsofpeopleliveapartfromothergroupsovertheyearsandcenturiestheydeveloptheirownhabitsandideaswhichformdifferentcultures.Oneimportantparticularsideofeverycultureishowitspeopledealwithtime. Timeisnotveryimportantinnon-industrialsocieties.TheNuerpeopleofEastAfricaforexampledonotevenhaveawordTIMEthatisinagreementwiththeabstractthingwecalltime.Thedailylivesofthepeopleofsuchnon-industrialsocietiesarelikelytobepatternedaroundtheirphysicalneedsandnaturaleventsratherthanaroundatimeschedulebasedontheclock.Theycookandeatwhentheyarehungryandsleepwhenthesungoesdown.Theyplantcropsduringthegrowingseasonsandharvestthemwhenthecropsareripe.Theymeasuretimenotbyaclockorcalendarbutbysayingthataneventtakesplacebeforeoraftersomeotherevents.Frequentlysuchasocietymeasuresdaysintermsof"sleeps"orlongerperiodsintermsof"moons".SomeculturessuchastheEskimosofGreenlandmeasureseasonsaccordingtothemigrationofcertainanimals. Somecultureswhichdonothaveawrittenlanguageorkeepwrittenrecordshavedevelopedinterestingwaysof"tellingtime".ForexamplewhenseveralAustralianaborigineswanttoplananeventforafuturetimeoneofthemplacesastoneonaclifforinatree.Eachdaytheangleofthesunchangesslightly.Inafewdaystheraysofthesunstrikethestoneinacertainway.Whenthishappensthepeopleseethattheagreed-upontimehasarrivedandtheeventcantakeplace. Incontrastexactlycorrectmeasurementoftimeisveryimportantinmodernindustrializedsocieties.Thisisbecauseindustrializedsocietiesrequirethehelpfuleffortsofmanypeopleinordertowork.Forafactorytoworkefficientlywellquicklyandwithoutwasteforexamplealloftheworkersmustworkatthesametime.Thereforetheymustknowwhattimetostartworkinthemorningandwhattimetheymaygohomeintheafternoon.Passengersmustknowtheexacttimethatanairplanewillarriveordepart.Studentsandteachersneedtoknowwhenaclassstartsandends.Storesmustopenontimeinordertoservetheircustomers.Complicatedsocietiesneedclocksandcalendars.Thuswecanseethatifeachpersonworkedaccordingtohisorherownscheduleacomplicatedsocietycouldhardlyworkatall. Timeisnotveryimportantinnon-industrialsocieties.Thisisbecausepeopleinthosesocieties.
三 LikeeverylanguageAmericanEnglishisfullofspecialexpressionsphrasesthatcomefromtheday-to-daylifeofthepeopleanddevelopintheirownway.Ourexpressiontodayis"tofacethemusic". Whensomeonesays"wellIguessI’llhavetofacethemusic"itdoesnotmeanhe’splanningtogototheconcert.Itissomethingfarlesspleasantlikebeingcalledinbyyourbosstoexplainwhyyoudidthisanddidthatandwhyyoudidn’tdothisorthat.Sourmusicindeedbutithastobefaced.Atsometimeoranothereveryoneofushashadtofacethemusicespeciallyaschildren.Wecanallrememberfather’sangryvoice"Iwanttotalktoyou."andonlybecausewedidnotobeyhim.Whatanunpleasantbusinessitwas! Thephrase"tofacethemusic"isfamiliartoeveryAmericanyoungandold.Itisatleast100yearsold.AndwheredidthisexpressioncomefromThefirstexplanationcomesfromtheAmericannovelistJamesFenimoreLooper.HesaidinI851thattheexpressionwasfirstusedbyactorswhilewaitinginthewingstogoonthestage.Whentheygottheircuetogoontheyoftensaid"Wellit’stimetofacethemusic."Andthatwasexactlywhattheydid—facingtheorchestrawhichwasjustbelowthem.Andanactormightbefrightenedornervousashemovedontothestageinfrontofanaudiencethatmightbefriendlyorperhapshostileespeciallyifheforgothisfines.Buthehadtogoout.Ifhedidnottherewouldbenoplay.Sotheexpression"tofacethemusic"cometomean"havingtogothroughsomethingnomatterhowunpleasanttheexperiencemightbebecauseyouknewyouhadnochoice". Otherexplanationsabouttheexpressiongobacktothearmy.WhenthemenfacedaninspectionbytheirleaderthesoldierswouldbeworriedabouthowwelltheylookedwastheirequipmentcleanshinnyenoughtopasstheinspectionStillthemenhadtogooutandfacethemusicofthebandaswellastheinspection.Whatelsecouldtheydo Anotherarmyexplanationismorecloselyrelatedtotheideaoffacingtheresultsandacceptingtheresponsibilityforsomethingthatshouldnothavebeendone.Asforexamplewhenamanisforcedoutofthearmybecausehedidsomethingterribleheisdishonored.Thebanddoesnotplay.Onlythedrumstapasadslowbeat.Thesoldierisforcedtoleavefacingsuchmusicasitisandfacingthebackofhishorse. What’sthemeaningoftofacethemusic.
五 Ineveryschoolthereisa"top"crowdthatsetsthepacewhiletheothersfollowtheirlead.Let’ssaythetopcrowddecidesthatitissmarttowearbrightredsweaters.Prettysooneverybodyiswearingabrightredsweater. Thereisnothingwrongwiththatexceptthefactthatonsomepeoplebrightredsweaterisextremelyunbecoming.Thesituationcanevenbecomedangerousifthetopcrowddecidesthatitissmarttodrinkortodrivecarsatseventymilesanhour.Thenthepeoplewhofollowtheleadareendangeringtheirlives.Theyarelikethesheepbeingledtothebutcher. Nowchancesarethatyouhavecomeacrosssituationslikethesemorethanonceinyourlife;chancesarethatonetimeoranotheryouprobablydidsomethingyouknewtobewrong.Youmayhaveexcusedyourselfbysaying"Geethecrowddoesit."Wellletthecrowddoitbutdon’tdoityourself.Learntosay"No". Developyourownstandardsandyourownjudgment.Ifyouknowthecrowdisplanningsomethingyoudisagreetohavethecouragetobowoutmannerly.You’llhavethesatisfactionofstandingonyourowntwofeet. Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage.
一 Humansaresocialanimals.Theyliveingroupsallovertheworld.Asthesegroupsofpeopleliveapartfromothergroupsovertheyearsandcenturiestheydeveloptheirownhabitsandideaswhichformdifferentcultures.Oneimportantparticularsideofeverycultureishowitspeopledealwithtime. Timeisnotveryimportantinnon-industrialsocieties.TheNuerpeopleofEastAfricaforexampledonotevenhaveawordTIMEthatisinagreementwiththeabstractthingwecalltime.Thedailylivesofthepeopleofsuchnon-industrialsocietiesarelikelytobepatternedaroundtheirphysicalneedsandnaturaleventsratherthanaroundatimeschedulebasedontheclock.Theycookandeatwhentheyarehungryandsleepwhenthesungoesdown.Theyplantcropsduringthegrowingseasonsandharvestthemwhenthecropsareripe.Theymeasuretimenotbyaclockorcalendarbutbysayingthataneventtakesplacebeforeoraftersomeotherevents.Frequentlysuchasocietymeasuresdaysintermsof"sleeps"orlongerperiodsintermsof"moons".SomeculturessuchastheEskimosofGreenlandmeasureseasonsaccordingtothemigrationofcertainanimals. Somecultureswhichdonothaveawrittenlanguageorkeepwrittenrecordshavedevelopedinterestingwaysof"tellingtime".ForexamplewhenseveralAustralianaborigineswanttoplananeventforafuturetimeoneofthemplacesastoneonaclifforinatree.Eachdaytheangleofthesunchangesslightly.Inafewdaystheraysofthesunstrikethestoneinacertainway.Whenthishappensthepeopleseethattheagreed-upontimehasarrivedandtheeventcantakeplace. Incontrastexactlycorrectmeasurementoftimeisveryimportantinmodernindustrializedsocieties.Thisisbecauseindustrializedsocietiesrequirethehelpfuleffortsofmanypeopleinordertowork.Forafactorytoworkefficientlywellquicklyandwithoutwasteforexamplealloftheworkersmustworkatthesametime.Thereforetheymustknowwhattimetostartworkinthemorningandwhattimetheymaygohomeintheafternoon.Passengersmustknowtheexacttimethatanairplanewillarriveordepart.Studentsandteachersneedtoknowwhenaclassstartsandends.Storesmustopenontimeinordertoservetheircustomers.Complicatedsocietiesneedclocksandcalendars.Thuswecanseethatifeachpersonworkedaccordingtohisorherownscheduleacomplicatedsocietycouldhardlyworkatall. Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage.
Ican'twhichpairofjeanstobuy.Theybothlookgoodonme.
四 Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreeofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflifeonebecomeshappyandtheotherbecomesunhappy.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthingspersonseventsandtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds. Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconvenienceofthings;thepleasantpartsofconversationthewellprepareddishesthegoodnessofthewineandthefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyoftheoppositethings.Thereforetheyarecontinuallydissatisfied.Bytheirremarkstheysourthepleasureofsocietyoffendhurtmanypeopleandmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwasfoundedinnaturesuchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabitunknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrongbutitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmayheofservicetothemandhelpthemchangethishabit. Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimaginationithasseriousresultsinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeopleoffendmanyothers;nobodylovesthemandnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesinsocialpositionorfortunenobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestartasteporspeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicobjectionsnoonewilldefendorexcusethemandmanywilljointocriticizetheirwrongdoings.Theseshouldchangethisbadhabitandbepleasedwithwhatispleasingwithoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonotitwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwiseitcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenientespeciallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels. Thephrasesourthepleasureofsocietymostnearlymeans.
thetemperaturemightdropcoalwaspreparedforwarming
—Theblueskirtlooksverynice.MayI—Yesplease.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement.Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions.Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:"theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople.MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain.Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 第4空应选择
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