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收缩压的高低主要反映（）的多少
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在一般情况下收缩压的高低主要反映心脏的__多少
收缩压的高低主要反映
心率快慢
外周阻力大小
每搏输出量多少
大动脉弹性
血量多少
在一般情况下收缩压的高低主要反映心脏搏出量的多少
一般情况下收缩压的高低主要反映
每搏输出量的多少
每分输出量的多少
外周阻力的大小
大动脉弹性的高低
收缩压的高低主要取决于__和__舒张压则主要取决 于__
在一般情况下收缩压高低主要反映__舒张压高低主要反映__
在一般情况下外周阻力和心率变化不大时收缩压的高低主要反映心脏每搏输出量的多少
通常收缩压的高低主要反映
心脏每搏排出量；
外周血管阻力；
心率；
主动脉弹性；
循环血量。
影响冠脉血流量的主要因素是
收缩压高低和心舒期长短
舒张压高低和心缩期长短
舒张压高低和等容收缩期长短
舒张压高低和心舒期长短
收缩压高低和心缩期长短
在影响动脉血压因素中________主要影响收缩压的高低_________主要影响舒张压的 高低
在一般情况下收缩压的高低主要反映下述哪一项的变化
心率
外周阻力
循环血量
心脏每搏量
影响冠脉血流量的主要因素是
脉压大小
平均动脉压高低
心脏搏出量多少
舒张压的高低和心舒期的长短
收缩压的高低和射血期的长短
收缩压的高低主要反映
每搏输出量
心率
外周阻力
主动脉和大动脉弹性
循环血量
收缩压的高低主要反映
绝对不应期
相对不应期
超常期
低常期
正常期
一般情况下外周阻力和心率变化不大收缩压的高低主要反映心脏每搏输出量的多少
在一般情况下收缩压的高低主要反映心脏__的多少而舒张压的高低主要反映__的大小
在一般情况下收缩压的高低主要反映____________的大小舒张压的高低主要反映 ________
一般情况下收缩压的高低主要反映
每搏输出量的多少
每分输出量的多少
外周阻力的大小
大动脉弹性的高低
收缩压的高低主要反映的多少
每搏输出量
心率
外周阻力
主动脉和大动脉弹性
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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinessegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points46ThedeclineofcivilityandmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrimeaccordingtoGentilityRecallededitedbyDighyAndersonwhichlamentsthebreakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.Itcriticizedthefactthat"manners"arescornedasrepressiveandoutdated.TheresultaccordingtoMr.AndersondirectoroftheSocialAffairsUnitisasocietycharacterizedbyrudeness:loutishbehavioronthestreetsjostlingincrowdsimpoliteshopassistantsandbadtempereddrivers.47Mr.Andersonsaysthecumulativeeffectoftheseapparentlytrivialbutoftenoffensiveistomakeeverydaylifeuneasyunpredictableandunpleasant.Astheyareencounteredfarmoreoftenthancrimetheycancausemoreanxietythancrime.Thebookhascontributionsfrom12academicsindisciplinesrangingfrommedicinetosociologyandchartswhatitcallsthe"coarsening"ofBritain.Oldfashionedtermssuchas"gentleman"and"lady"havelostallmeaningfulresonanceandneedtobereevaluateditsaysRachelTrickettformerprincipalofSt.Hugh’sCollegeOxfordsaysthatthenotionofa"lady"protectswomenratherthandemeaningthem.48Feminismanddemandsforequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetweenthesexescreatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheirmoreaggressiveandforcefulnaturesshesays."Womenwithoutsomecodeofdeferenceorrespectbecomeincreasinglyvictims."CarolineMoorethefirstwomanfellowofPeterhouseCambridgepointsoutthat"gentleman"isnowusedonlywithironyorderision."Thepopularviewofagentlemanispoisedsomewherebetweentheimbecile低能的parasiteandthevillainousone."ForAnthonyO’HearprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofBradford49mannersarecloselyassociatedwiththedifferentformsofbehaviorappropriateto.ageandstatus.Theycurbtheimpetuosityofyouthandthebitternessofoldage.Egalitarianismhesayshasledtopeoplefailingtoacttheirage."Wehavevicechancellorswithearringsaristocratsashippiesthetrendyvicar教区牧师onhismotorbike.Dr.BruceCharltonalecturerinpublichealthmedicineinNewcastletakesissuewiththeexcessiveinformalityofrelationsbetweenprofessionalssuchrelationshipsTristamEngelhardtprofessorofmedicineHoustonTexassaysmannersareboundtomorals.50"Mannersexpressaparticularsetofvalues"hesays"goodmannersinterpretandtransformsocialreality.Theyprovidesocialorientation. Mr.Andersonsaysthecumulativeeffectoftheseapparentlytrivialbutoftenoffensiveistomakeeverydaylifeuneasyunpredictableandunpleasant
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCor1.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1MoreAmericansarecohabiting-livingtogetheroutofwedlock--thanever.Someexportsapplaudthepracticebutotherswarnplayinghousedoesnotalwaysleadtomaritalbliss.AtonetimeinAmericalivingtogetheroutofwedlockwasscandalous.Unmarriedspouseswho"shackedup"weresaidtobe"livinginsin".Indeedcohabitationwasillegalthroughoutthecountryuntilabout1970.Todaystatisticstelladifferenttale.Thenumberofunwedcoupleslivingtogetherhasrisentoanewhigh--morethan4.1millionasofMarch1997accordingtotheCensusBureau.Thatfigurewasupfrom3.96millioncouplesthepreviousyearandrepresentsaquantumleapfromthe430000cohabitingcouplescountedin1960.Thebureaufound’thatcohabitingismostprevailinginthe24-35agegroupaccountingfor1.6millionsuchcouples.Cohabitantsclaimtheylivetogetherprimarilytosolidifytheirloveandcommitmenttoeachother.Mostintendtomarry;only13%ofcohabitantsdonotanticipatetolegalizetheirrelationship.Buttherealityfrommanycouplesisdifferent:Movingindoesnotleadto"happilyeverafter."Fortypercentofcohabitantsnevermakeittothealtar.Ofthe60%whodomarrymorethanhalfdivorcewithin10yearscomparedwith30%ofmarriedcoupleswhodidnotlivetogetherfirst.CohabitingpartnersaremoreunfaithfulandfightmoreoftenthanmarriedcouplesaccordingtoresearchbytheHowardCenterforFamilyReligionandSociety.Otherstudieshavecometoequallysimilarconclusions.Stillexpertspredictthenumberofcohabitingcouplesislikelytoincrease.Astheoffspringofthebabyboomercomeofagetheyareinclinedtodefermarriagesasdidtheirparents.Thiswillleadtomorecohabitationandnontraditionalfamilies.Untilpeopleunearththatlivingtogetherhaspitfallsitwon’twaneinpopularity.Cohabitinghasbeenportrayedwith"carefulneutrality"inthemediaandHollywoodcelebritieswhomoveinandoutofeachother’shomessetthestandard.ButWarrenFarrelltheSanDiego-basedauthorofWhyMenAretheWayTheyArearguesthatlivingtogetherisagoodideaforashortperiod."Tomakethejumpfromdatingwhenweputourbestfootforwardtobeingmarried"--withoutshowingeachotherthe"shadowsideofourselves"--istotreatmarriagefrivolouslyhesays. Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat
男性40岁腰痛伴左下肢后外侧放射痛2年余诊断为腰椎间盘突出症检查见左小腿前外侧和足内侧痛触觉减退左踝及趾背伸力下降踝反射及膝反射双侧相仿该患者最可能是哪个间盘突出
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
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Text4InanInterneterawhetherglobalizationmeansdemocracyanddevelopmentorhindrancetoprogressforeigninterferenceand.U.S.-ledeconomicdominationoverthedevelopingcountrieshasevokedhotdebate.Globalizationisaninevitabletendencywhichhasbroughtgreatopportunitiessuchasexchangeofknowledgeandinformationaccesstoothersocietiesaswellaseconomiccompetitionsandexposuretodifferentvaluesystems.Ontheotherhanditisalsoaccompaniedbyamultitudeofchallengestogetherwithsideeffectsontheformofincreasedpovertyratesbuttheeffectisnotalwayspredeterminedbecausetheproblemishowtodealwithitandmakepreparationforminimizingthechallenge.StatisticsdemonstrateinthelasttwocenturiestheindividualincomeaveragehasdecreasedandthesharesofprofitintheThirdWorldalsohavedemolishedincontrarytothedevelopedworld.Thereisaninternationaldistortionduetotheexploitationoftelecommunicationtechnologywhichfacilitatesmoneytransferwhichmadeiteasierforcapitalflight.DuringthelasttwocenturiesthenumberofcivilwarshasincreasedandtheworldbecameunderthecontrolofglobalizationandeconomicreformwhicheventuallyledcountrieslikeIndonesiatobebankrupted.ThisyearinSeattleover40000youngdemonstratorsprotestedagainstcapitalismandits"brutality"duringmeetingsoftheWorldTradeOrganization.Twohundredprotestersagainstglobalizationwerearrestedandhauledmanyawayinbusesaftertheyventuredintoadowntownsecurityzonewherepolicehadrestrictedmovementandimposedacurfew."Globalizationisanexpressionrepeatedbyinternationalmediawhichistryingtopolishitforustoonlyseethebrightsidetoit.Wehavetobewareofthemotivesbehindthisideologicalexpressionandtheinfluenceofthisexpressiononourdestiny.Globalizationhasproventhatitisnothingbutcorruptionandtheworldisagainstit"saidDr.HishamGasseibprofessorofSumayaUniversity.Ifglobalizationisforceditselfonanynationitisconsideredoccupationbecauseitwipesanycultureoreducationandinsteadreflectspovertyandunemployment.Thehighcompetitionmadeahugenumberofpeopleliveontheedgewhichforcesthemdoanythingtogainmoneyandeventuallyputtheircountriesundercontrolofothercountries.Globalizationislikeaflatcharacterwithnodimensionsachallengeforallnations.NationswithgreatculturalbackgroundshouldnotacceptanygesturefromtheWestwithoutthoroughlystudyingit. WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothearticle
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1time&place; 2textbookforthisclass; 3studentswhoarequalifiedtoattendthisclass; 4officetosignin; 5publishingtimeofyournotice. BythewayMrs.ConnieanAmericanprofessorwhoisworkinginGuangdongUniversityofForeignStudieswillcomeandhavetalkswithustwiceaweek. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.10points
Text3AIDSisoneofthemostfatalandrampantdiseasesthatdeprivesofhundredsofthousandsofliveseachyearallovertheworldandtheconditioninAfricancountriesismuchworseforlackofmedicineeducationaswellaspreventivemeasures.Scientistsandresearchershaveneverceasedtheireffortstohaltthewidespreadingtendencyofthisinfectingdiseaseunfortunatelytillnowtheyhavenotinventedanyeffectivevaccine.LastweekanexperimentalAIDSvaccinetestedinThailandonsome2500drugusersfailedtoprotectthemfrombecominginfectedwithHIVdeclaredVaxGenInc.thevaccine’sdeveloper.ThepoolresultswerewidelyexpectedsinceVaxGenInc.hadsaidearlierthatitsvaccinedidnotworkinalargerNorthAmericanstudy.MostAIDSresearchersagreethatvaccineswillbetheonlyeffectivewaytocontrolavirusthathaskilled28millionpeopleandinfected42millionmoreworldwide.Twodozenothervaccinesarebeingtestedon12000humanvolunteersbutnonehasadvancedasfarasVaxGen’sandanysuccessfulcandidateisyearsaway.OfficialsatBrisbaneCalif-basedVaxGensaidtheThairesultsunderscoredagainhowwilyAIDSisinthwartingtheimmunesystem.Thefindingsalsoshow"howimportantitisfortheinternationalpublichealthcommunitytoredoubletheefforttodevelopaneffectivevaccine"presidentDr.DonaldFrancissaid.VaxGen’svaccinelikemostothersbeingtesteddidnotcontainthevirusitselfandcannotcauseAIDS.Insteadthevaccinecontainedsmallmanmadegeneticbitsofthevirusthatscientistshadhopedwouldprovokeanimmuneresponsestrongenoughtostopthevirusfrominvadinghealthycells.Threeyearsagothecompanyenrolled2546peopleinandaroundBangkokwhowereathighriskforHIVbecausetheyhabituallyswappedneedlestoinjectdrugs.Halfweregiventheexperimentalvaccineandhalfweregivenaplacebo.Allvolunteersweregivenextensiverisk-reductioncounselingthecompanysaid.Intheendthevaccineofferednogreaterprotection:105’peoplegiventheplacebobecameinfectedwithHIVwhile106peoplegiventhevaccinetestedpositive.InFebruaryVaxGenannounceditsvaccinewasineffectiveagainstadifferentAIDSstrainfoundinNorthAmerica.Thefailureofthisexperimentalvaccinereinforcesthehardnessofanti-AIDSbattleandtheultimatesuccessseemstoemergeyearslater.HowevermankindisnotsovulnerabletobecompletelydefeatedbyAIDS. WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothetext
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCor1.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1MoreAmericansarecohabiting-livingtogetheroutofwedlock--thanever.Someexportsapplaudthepracticebutotherswarnplayinghousedoesnotalwaysleadtomaritalbliss.AtonetimeinAmericalivingtogetheroutofwedlockwasscandalous.Unmarriedspouseswho"shackedup"weresaidtobe"livinginsin".Indeedcohabitationwasillegalthroughoutthecountryuntilabout1970.Todaystatisticstelladifferenttale.Thenumberofunwedcoupleslivingtogetherhasrisentoanewhigh--morethan4.1millionasofMarch1997accordingtotheCensusBureau.Thatfigurewasupfrom3.96millioncouplesthepreviousyearandrepresentsaquantumleapfromthe430000cohabitingcouplescountedin1960.Thebureaufound’thatcohabitingismostprevailinginthe24-35agegroupaccountingfor1.6millionsuchcouples.Cohabitantsclaimtheylivetogetherprimarilytosolidifytheirloveandcommitmenttoeachother.Mostintendtomarry;only13%ofcohabitantsdonotanticipatetolegalizetheirrelationship.Buttherealityfrommanycouplesisdifferent:Movingindoesnotleadto"happilyeverafter."Fortypercentofcohabitantsnevermakeittothealtar.Ofthe60%whodomarrymorethanhalfdivorcewithin10yearscomparedwith30%ofmarriedcoupleswhodidnotlivetogetherfirst.CohabitingpartnersaremoreunfaithfulandfightmoreoftenthanmarriedcouplesaccordingtoresearchbytheHowardCenterforFamilyReligionandSociety.Otherstudieshavecometoequallysimilarconclusions.Stillexpertspredictthenumberofcohabitingcouplesislikelytoincrease.Astheoffspringofthebabyboomercomeofagetheyareinclinedtodefermarriagesasdidtheirparents.Thiswillleadtomorecohabitationandnontraditionalfamilies.Untilpeopleunearththatlivingtogetherhaspitfallsitwon’twaneinpopularity.Cohabitinghasbeenportrayedwith"carefulneutrality"inthemediaandHollywoodcelebritieswhomoveinandoutofeachother’shomessetthestandard.ButWarrenFarrelltheSanDiego-basedauthorofWhyMenAretheWayTheyArearguesthatlivingtogetherisagoodideaforashortperiod."Tomakethejumpfromdatingwhenweputourbestfootforwardtobeingmarried"--withoutshowingeachotherthe"shadowsideofourselves"--istotreatmarriagefrivolouslyhesays. Accordingtothepassagethenumberofcohabitingcouplesislikelyto
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCor1.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1MoreAmericansarecohabiting-livingtogetheroutofwedlock--thanever.Someexportsapplaudthepracticebutotherswarnplayinghousedoesnotalwaysleadtomaritalbliss.AtonetimeinAmericalivingtogetheroutofwedlockwasscandalous.Unmarriedspouseswho"shackedup"weresaidtobe"livinginsin".Indeedcohabitationwasillegalthroughoutthecountryuntilabout1970.Todaystatisticstelladifferenttale.Thenumberofunwedcoupleslivingtogetherhasrisentoanewhigh--morethan4.1millionasofMarch1997accordingtotheCensusBureau.Thatfigurewasupfrom3.96millioncouplesthepreviousyearandrepresentsaquantumleapfromthe430000cohabitingcouplescountedin1960.Thebureaufound’thatcohabitingismostprevailinginthe24-35agegroupaccountingfor1.6millionsuchcouples.Cohabitantsclaimtheylivetogetherprimarilytosolidifytheirloveandcommitmenttoeachother.Mostintendtomarry;only13%ofcohabitantsdonotanticipatetolegalizetheirrelationship.Buttherealityfrommanycouplesisdifferent:Movingindoesnotleadto"happilyeverafter."Fortypercentofcohabitantsnevermakeittothealtar.Ofthe60%whodomarrymorethanhalfdivorcewithin10yearscomparedwith30%ofmarriedcoupleswhodidnotlivetogetherfirst.CohabitingpartnersaremoreunfaithfulandfightmoreoftenthanmarriedcouplesaccordingtoresearchbytheHowardCenterforFamilyReligionandSociety.Otherstudieshavecometoequallysimilarconclusions.Stillexpertspredictthenumberofcohabitingcouplesislikelytoincrease.Astheoffspringofthebabyboomercomeofagetheyareinclinedtodefermarriagesasdidtheirparents.Thiswillleadtomorecohabitationandnontraditionalfamilies.Untilpeopleunearththatlivingtogetherhaspitfallsitwon’twaneinpopularity.Cohabitinghasbeenportrayedwith"carefulneutrality"inthemediaandHollywoodcelebritieswhomoveinandoutofeachother’shomessetthestandard.ButWarrenFarrelltheSanDiego-basedauthorofWhyMenAretheWayTheyArearguesthatlivingtogetherisagoodideaforashortperiod."Tomakethejumpfromdatingwhenweputourbestfootforwardtobeingmarried"--withoutshowingeachotherthe"shadowsideofourselves"--istotreatmarriagefrivolouslyhesays. Whatdoestheunderlinedwordunearthmean
Text4InanInterneterawhetherglobalizationmeansdemocracyanddevelopmentorhindrancetoprogressforeigninterferenceand.U.S.-ledeconomicdominationoverthedevelopingcountrieshasevokedhotdebate.Globalizationisaninevitabletendencywhichhasbroughtgreatopportunitiessuchasexchangeofknowledgeandinformationaccesstoothersocietiesaswellaseconomiccompetitionsandexposuretodifferentvaluesystems.Ontheotherhanditisalsoaccompaniedbyamultitudeofchallengestogetherwithsideeffectsontheformofincreasedpovertyratesbuttheeffectisnotalwayspredeterminedbecausetheproblemishowtodealwithitandmakepreparationforminimizingthechallenge.StatisticsdemonstrateinthelasttwocenturiestheindividualincomeaveragehasdecreasedandthesharesofprofitintheThirdWorldalsohavedemolishedincontrarytothedevelopedworld.Thereisaninternationaldistortionduetotheexploitationoftelecommunicationtechnologywhichfacilitatesmoneytransferwhichmadeiteasierforcapitalflight.DuringthelasttwocenturiesthenumberofcivilwarshasincreasedandtheworldbecameunderthecontrolofglobalizationandeconomicreformwhicheventuallyledcountrieslikeIndonesiatobebankrupted.ThisyearinSeattleover40000youngdemonstratorsprotestedagainstcapitalismandits"brutality"duringmeetingsoftheWorldTradeOrganization.Twohundredprotestersagainstglobalizationwerearrestedandhauledmanyawayinbusesaftertheyventuredintoadowntownsecurityzonewherepolicehadrestrictedmovementandimposedacurfew."Globalizationisanexpressionrepeatedbyinternationalmediawhichistryingtopolishitforustoonlyseethebrightsidetoit.Wehavetobewareofthemotivesbehindthisideologicalexpressionandtheinfluenceofthisexpressiononourdestiny.Globalizationhasproventhatitisnothingbutcorruptionandtheworldisagainstit"saidDr.HishamGasseibprofessorofSumayaUniversity.Ifglobalizationisforceditselfonanynationitisconsideredoccupationbecauseitwipesanycultureoreducationandinsteadreflectspovertyandunemployment.Thehighcompetitionmadeahugenumberofpeopleliveontheedgewhichforcesthemdoanythingtogainmoneyandeventuallyputtheircountriesundercontrolofothercountries.Globalizationislikeaflatcharacterwithnodimensionsachallengeforallnations.NationswithgreatculturalbackgroundshouldnotacceptanygesturefromtheWestwithoutthoroughlystudyingit. WhatdoesthewordsofDr.'HishamGasseibmeaninthethirdparagraph
Text2OwingtotheinsufficientgassupplyintheUnitedStatesthegaspricehasdramaticallyrisen.Thenewgaspricerealityandthepolicydecisionsitmaytriggerwillundoubtedlyleadtocriticalfinancialimplicationsforsomeindividualsorcompaniesbutthesituationcanhardlybetermeda"nationalcrisis"orevena"shortage".Whatistrueisthatbuyers--particularlythoseinthechemicalindustryandinindependentpowergeneration-willnotbeabletoacquirethequantityofgastheywishatthepricestheywishtopayorevenatpricesthatwillallowthemtoremaincompetitiveintheirmarketsparticularlyduringpeakdemandseasons.Overthenextyearortwotheresultwillbehigherandmorevolatilepricestobesurebuttherearemarket-drivenadjustmentmechanismsevenintheshortterme.g.moreelectricpowerfromcoalandoilreducedproductionofdomesticchemicalsandacommensuratesubstitutionofimports.Consumersandcompanieswillfeeltheeconomicpinchofhigherprices;particularlyifweexperienceanexceptionallyhotsummerandawinterwhenaveragetemperatureswere20%colderthantheyearbeforeintheNortheast.StilltheUnitedStatesfacesneitherthespecterofeconomicrecession--atleastnotsolelyduetogasprices--noroffreezingfamiliesunableto’obtaingastoheattheirhomes.GiventhisnewpriceplateaudemandadjustmentswillalsotakeplaceandvaryacrossregionsoftheUnitedStatesandacrossindustrieswithpowergenerationandchemicalsperhapsthemostaffected.Someinthoseindustriesmayfindthattheirfacilitiesarenolongerfinanciallyviableatthenewpriceplateauandtherewilllikelybeanotherroundofindustrialrestructuringnotunlikeothersthathaveresultedfrominternationaldifferencesinresourceandlaborcosts--lestweforgetnaturalgasisstillabundantandverylowcostinothercountriessuchasTrinidadQatarandIranjustaslaborisabundantandlowcostinChinaIndonesiaandpartsofLatinAmerica.FromapolicyperspectivetheUnitedStatesneedstocarefullyevaluateaseriesoftrade-offsbetweenenvironmentalconcernsandeconomicgrowth.Thegaspriceexperiencesofthelasttwoyearsarethefirstrealtastesoftheeconomiccostsofagas-basedenvironmentalstrategy.Evaluatingthesetrade-offsneedstobedonewithalevelheadandaclearunderstandingofthosetrade-offs. WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtothethirdparagraph
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinessegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points46ThedeclineofcivilityandmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrimeaccordingtoGentilityRecallededitedbyDighyAndersonwhichlamentsthebreakdownoftraditionalcodesthatonceregulatedsocialconduct.Itcriticizedthefactthat"manners"arescornedasrepressiveandoutdated.TheresultaccordingtoMr.AndersondirectoroftheSocialAffairsUnitisasocietycharacterizedbyrudeness:loutishbehavioronthestreetsjostlingincrowdsimpoliteshopassistantsandbadtempereddrivers.47Mr.Andersonsaysthecumulativeeffectoftheseapparentlytrivialbutoftenoffensiveistomakeeverydaylifeuneasyunpredictableandunpleasant.Astheyareencounteredfarmoreoftenthancrimetheycancausemoreanxietythancrime.Thebookhascontributionsfrom12academicsindisciplinesrangingfrommedicinetosociologyandchartswhatitcallsthe"coarsening"ofBritain.Oldfashionedtermssuchas"gentleman"and"lady"havelostallmeaningfulresonanceandneedtobereevaluateditsaysRachelTrickettformerprincipalofSt.Hugh’sCollegeOxfordsaysthatthenotionofa"lady"protectswomenratherthandemeaningthem.48Feminismanddemandsforequalityhaveblurredthedistinctionsbetweenthesexescreatingsituationswheremenareabletodominatewomenbecauseoftheirmoreaggressiveandforcefulnaturesshesays."Womenwithoutsomecodeofdeferenceorrespectbecomeincreasinglyvictims."CarolineMoorethefirstwomanfellowofPeterhouseCambridgepointsoutthat"gentleman"isnowusedonlywithironyorderision."Thepopularviewofagentlemanispoisedsomewherebetweentheimbecile低能的parasiteandthevillainousone."ForAnthonyO’HearprofessorofphilosophyattheUniversityofBradford49mannersarecloselyassociatedwiththedifferentformsofbehaviorappropriateto.ageandstatus.Theycurbtheimpetuosityofyouthandthebitternessofoldage.Egalitarianismhesayshasledtopeoplefailingtoacttheirage."Wehavevicechancellorswithearringsaristocratsashippiesthetrendyvicar教区牧师onhismotorbike.Dr.BruceCharltonalecturerinpublichealthmedicineinNewcastletakesissuewiththeexcessiveinformalityofrelationsbetweenprofessionalssuchrelationshipsTristamEngelhardtprofessorofmedicineHoustonTexassaysmannersareboundtomorals.50"Mannersexpressaparticularsetofvalues"hesays"goodmannersinterpretandtransformsocialreality.Theyprovidesocialorientation. mannersarecloselyassociatedwiththedifferentformsofbehaviorappropriateto.ageandstatus.Theycurbtheimpetuosityofyouthandthebitternessofoldage.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsGlobalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990sinthelasttwodecadesthemountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametimetradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.SohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohaveAnyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyearthevalueoftheircurrenciesplummetedafterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowthlowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment.ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheorygovernmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;41.______________________Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangeratessetupafterWorldWarⅡwasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecadescountriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.42.______________________Otherfactorscontributingtotileriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologiesandbettertransportationsystemsthesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationalproducinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelpedthepriceoftelephonecallsforinstanceischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory.Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.InthedevelopedworldandinparticulartheEuropeanUnionglobalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersjobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountriesandwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountrieswagesarestagnantexceptforaprivilegedfewandtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld.43.______________________.Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperformbest.Developingcountrieswiththeirhigherpopulationsandlowerwageswillconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustriessuchasrawmaterialsmanufacturinginmuchthesamewayaswesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution.44.______________________.Theeffectofthissaysupporterswillbetoimproveproductivityinallcountriesleadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy.45.______________________.Buthowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomy.’Forthelosersprobablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegrationthereisstillalongwaytogo. [A]Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledgehoweverthattherewillbelosers.Atpresentthosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld~Alreadytheyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwagesascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersandthewelfarestatetheirchancesofimprovingtheirskillsandlivingstandardswilldisappearresultinginagrowingdividebetweenrichandpoor. [B]Foreigninvestmentisalsoextremelysmallamountingtolittlemorethanfivepercentofthedevelopedworld’sdomesticinvestments. [C]Aglobaleconomywouldmeancompletefreedomofmovementofgoodsandservicescapitalandlabor.Yetevenignoringthetariffsandotherrestrictionsstillinplacecross-bordertraderemainstinycomparedtothevolumeofgoodsandservicestradedwithincountries. [D]Inpracticetheymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeingpenalizedbythemarkets. [E]Therichercountriesontheotherhandwilldiversifyintohi-techindustrieswherehighproductivityandspecialistknowledgeareparamount. [F]Opponentsofglobalizationalsopointtoitseffectsonworkersinpoorercountries.Theyagreethatmultinationalsmaybehelpingtoreduceunemploymentinthedevelopingworldbuttheyarguethatjobsarehardlyworthhavingsincetheyarelow-paidandexploitative. [G]By1990nearlyallworld’smajoreconomicshadgotridofrestrictionsonhowmuchmoneycouldbemovedinandoutoftheircountries. 43
Text3AIDSisoneofthemostfatalandrampantdiseasesthatdeprivesofhundredsofthousandsofliveseachyearallovertheworldandtheconditioninAfricancountriesismuchworseforlackofmedicineeducationaswellaspreventivemeasures.Scientistsandresearchershaveneverceasedtheireffortstohaltthewidespreadingtendencyofthisinfectingdiseaseunfortunatelytillnowtheyhavenotinventedanyeffectivevaccine.LastweekanexperimentalAIDSvaccinetestedinThailandonsome2500drugusersfailedtoprotectthemfrombecominginfectedwithHIVdeclaredVaxGenInc.thevaccine’sdeveloper.ThepoolresultswerewidelyexpectedsinceVaxGenInc.hadsaidearlierthatitsvaccinedidnotworkinalargerNorthAmericanstudy.MostAIDSresearchersagreethatvaccineswillbetheonlyeffectivewaytocontrolavirusthathaskilled28millionpeopleandinfected42millionmoreworldwide.Twodozenothervaccinesarebeingtestedon12000humanvolunteersbutnonehasadvancedasfarasVaxGen’sandanysuccessfulcandidateisyearsaway.OfficialsatBrisbaneCalif-basedVaxGensaidtheThairesultsunderscoredagainhowwilyAIDSisinthwartingtheimmunesystem.Thefindingsalsoshow"howimportantitisfortheinternationalpublichealthcommunitytoredoubletheefforttodevelopaneffectivevaccine"presidentDr.DonaldFrancissaid.VaxGen’svaccinelikemostothersbeingtesteddidnotcontainthevirusitselfandcannotcauseAIDS.Insteadthevaccinecontainedsmallmanmadegeneticbitsofthevirusthatscientistshadhopedwouldprovokeanimmuneresponsestrongenoughtostopthevirusfrominvadinghealthycells.Threeyearsagothecompanyenrolled2546peopleinandaroundBangkokwhowereathighriskforHIVbecausetheyhabituallyswappedneedlestoinjectdrugs.Halfweregiventheexperimentalvaccineandhalfweregivenaplacebo.Allvolunteersweregivenextensiverisk-reductioncounselingthecompanysaid.Intheendthevaccineofferednogreaterprotection:105’peoplegiventheplacebobecameinfectedwithHIVwhile106peoplegiventhevaccinetestedpositive.InFebruaryVaxGenannounceditsvaccinewasineffectiveagainstadifferentAIDSstrainfoundinNorthAmerica.Thefailureofthisexperimentalvaccinereinforcesthehardnessofanti-AIDSbattleandtheultimatesuccessseemstoemergeyearslater.HowevermankindisnotsovulnerabletobecompletelydefeatedbyAIDS. Whatistheauthor'sideaaboutAIDS
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsGlobalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990sinthelasttwodecadesthemountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametimetradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.SohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohaveAnyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyearthevalueoftheircurrenciesplummetedafterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowthlowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment.ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheorygovernmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;41.______________________Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangeratessetupafterWorldWarⅡwasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecadescountriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.42.______________________Otherfactorscontributingtotileriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologiesandbettertransportationsystemsthesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationalproducinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelpedthepriceoftelephonecallsforinstanceischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory.Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.InthedevelopedworldandinparticulartheEuropeanUnionglobalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersjobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountriesandwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountrieswagesarestagnantexceptforaprivilegedfewandtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld.43.______________________.Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperformbest.Developingcountrieswiththeirhigherpopulationsandlowerwageswillconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustriessuchasrawmaterialsmanufacturinginmuchthesamewayaswesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution.44.______________________.Theeffectofthissaysupporterswillbetoimproveproductivityinallcountriesleadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy.45.______________________.Buthowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomy.’Forthelosersprobablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegrationthereisstillalongwaytogo. [A]Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledgehoweverthattherewillbelosers.Atpresentthosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld~Alreadytheyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwagesascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersandthewelfarestatetheirchancesofimprovingtheirskillsandlivingstandardswilldisappearresultinginagrowingdividebetweenrichandpoor. [B]Foreigninvestmentisalsoextremelysmallamountingtolittlemorethanfivepercentofthedevelopedworld’sdomesticinvestments. [C]Aglobaleconomywouldmeancompletefreedomofmovementofgoodsandservicescapitalandlabor.Yetevenignoringthetariffsandotherrestrictionsstillinplacecross-bordertraderemainstinycomparedtothevolumeofgoodsandservicestradedwithincountries. [D]Inpracticetheymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeingpenalizedbythemarkets. [E]Therichercountriesontheotherhandwilldiversifyintohi-techindustrieswherehighproductivityandspecialistknowledgeareparamount. [F]Opponentsofglobalizationalsopointtoitseffectsonworkersinpoorercountries.Theyagreethatmultinationalsmaybehelpingtoreduceunemploymentinthedevelopingworldbuttheyarguethatjobsarehardlyworthhavingsincetheyarelow-paidandexploitative. [G]By1990nearlyallworld’smajoreconomicshadgotridofrestrictionsonhowmuchmoneycouldbemovedinandoutoftheircountries. 45
Text3AIDSisoneofthemostfatalandrampantdiseasesthatdeprivesofhundredsofthousandsofliveseachyearallovertheworldandtheconditioninAfricancountriesismuchworseforlackofmedicineeducationaswellaspreventivemeasures.Scientistsandresearchershaveneverceasedtheireffortstohaltthewidespreadingtendencyofthisinfectingdiseaseunfortunatelytillnowtheyhavenotinventedanyeffectivevaccine.LastweekanexperimentalAIDSvaccinetestedinThailandonsome2500drugusersfailedtoprotectthemfrombecominginfectedwithHIVdeclaredVaxGenInc.thevaccine’sdeveloper.ThepoolresultswerewidelyexpectedsinceVaxGenInc.hadsaidearlierthatitsvaccinedidnotworkinalargerNorthAmericanstudy.MostAIDSresearchersagreethatvaccineswillbetheonlyeffectivewaytocontrolavirusthathaskilled28millionpeopleandinfected42millionmoreworldwide.Twodozenothervaccinesarebeingtestedon12000humanvolunteersbutnonehasadvancedasfarasVaxGen’sandanysuccessfulcandidateisyearsaway.OfficialsatBrisbaneCalif-basedVaxGensaidtheThairesultsunderscoredagainhowwilyAIDSisinthwartingtheimmunesystem.Thefindingsalsoshow"howimportantitisfortheinternationalpublichealthcommunitytoredoubletheefforttodevelopaneffectivevaccine"presidentDr.DonaldFrancissaid.VaxGen’svaccinelikemostothersbeingtesteddidnotcontainthevirusitselfandcannotcauseAIDS.Insteadthevaccinecontainedsmallmanmadegeneticbitsofthevirusthatscientistshadhopedwouldprovokeanimmuneresponsestrongenoughtostopthevirusfrominvadinghealthycells.Threeyearsagothecompanyenrolled2546peopleinandaroundBangkokwhowereathighriskforHIVbecausetheyhabituallyswappedneedlestoinjectdrugs.Halfweregiventheexperimentalvaccineandhalfweregivenaplacebo.Allvolunteersweregivenextensiverisk-reductioncounselingthecompanysaid.Intheendthevaccineofferednogreaterprotection:105’peoplegiventheplacebobecameinfectedwithHIVwhile106peoplegiventhevaccinetestedpositive.InFebruaryVaxGenannounceditsvaccinewasineffectiveagainstadifferentAIDSstrainfoundinNorthAmerica.Thefailureofthisexperimentalvaccinereinforcesthehardnessofanti-AIDSbattleandtheultimatesuccessseemstoemergeyearslater.HowevermankindisnotsovulnerabletobecompletelydefeatedbyAIDS. WhereistheexperimentalAIDSvaccinetested
Text2OwingtotheinsufficientgassupplyintheUnitedStatesthegaspricehasdramaticallyrisen.Thenewgaspricerealityandthepolicydecisionsitmaytriggerwillundoubtedlyleadtocriticalfinancialimplicationsforsomeindividualsorcompaniesbutthesituationcanhardlybetermeda"nationalcrisis"orevena"shortage".Whatistrueisthatbuyers--particularlythoseinthechemicalindustryandinindependentpowergeneration-willnotbeabletoacquirethequantityofgastheywishatthepricestheywishtopayorevenatpricesthatwillallowthemtoremaincompetitiveintheirmarketsparticularlyduringpeakdemandseasons.Overthenextyearortwotheresultwillbehigherandmorevolatilepricestobesurebuttherearemarket-drivenadjustmentmechanismsevenintheshortterme.g.moreelectricpowerfromcoalandoilreducedproductionofdomesticchemicalsandacommensuratesubstitutionofimports.Consumersandcompanieswillfeeltheeconomicpinchofhigherprices;particularlyifweexperienceanexceptionallyhotsummerandawinterwhenaveragetemperatureswere20%colderthantheyearbeforeintheNortheast.StilltheUnitedStatesfacesneitherthespecterofeconomicrecession--atleastnotsolelyduetogasprices--noroffreezingfamiliesunableto’obtaingastoheattheirhomes.GiventhisnewpriceplateaudemandadjustmentswillalsotakeplaceandvaryacrossregionsoftheUnitedStatesandacrossindustrieswithpowergenerationandchemicalsperhapsthemostaffected.Someinthoseindustriesmayfindthattheirfacilitiesarenolongerfinanciallyviableatthenewpriceplateauandtherewilllikelybeanotherroundofindustrialrestructuringnotunlikeothersthathaveresultedfrominternationaldifferencesinresourceandlaborcosts--lestweforgetnaturalgasisstillabundantandverylowcostinothercountriessuchasTrinidadQatarandIranjustaslaborisabundantandlowcostinChinaIndonesiaandpartsofLatinAmerica.FromapolicyperspectivetheUnitedStatesneedstocarefullyevaluateaseriesoftrade-offsbetweenenvironmentalconcernsandeconomicgrowth.Thegaspriceexperiencesofthelasttwoyearsarethefirstrealtastesoftheeconomiccostsofagas-basedenvironmentalstrategy.Evaluatingthesetrade-offsneedstobedonewithalevelheadandaclearunderstandingofthosetrade-offs. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsGlobalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990sinthelasttwodecadesthemountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametimetradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.SohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohaveAnyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyearthevalueoftheircurrenciesplummetedafterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowthlowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment.ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheorygovernmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;41.______________________Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangeratessetupafterWorldWarⅡwasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecadescountriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.42.______________________Otherfactorscontributingtotileriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologiesandbettertransportationsystemsthesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationalproducinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelpedthepriceoftelephonecallsforinstanceischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory.Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.InthedevelopedworldandinparticulartheEuropeanUnionglobalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersjobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountriesandwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountrieswagesarestagnantexceptforaprivilegedfewandtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld.43.______________________.Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperformbest.Developingcountrieswiththeirhigherpopulationsandlowerwageswillconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustriessuchasrawmaterialsmanufacturinginmuchthesamewayaswesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution.44.______________________.Theeffectofthissaysupporterswillbetoimproveproductivityinallcountriesleadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy.45.______________________.Buthowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomy.’Forthelosersprobablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegrationthereisstillalongwaytogo. [A]Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledgehoweverthattherewillbelosers.Atpresentthosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld~Alreadytheyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwagesascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersandthewelfarestatetheirchancesofimprovingtheirskillsandlivingstandardswilldisappearresultinginagrowingdividebetweenrichandpoor. [B]Foreigninvestmentisalsoextremelysmallamountingtolittlemorethanfivepercentofthedevelopedworld’sdomesticinvestments. [C]Aglobaleconomywouldmeancompletefreedomofmovementofgoodsandservicescapitalandlabor.Yetevenignoringthetariffsandotherrestrictionsstillinplacecross-bordertraderemainstinycomparedtothevolumeofgoodsandservicestradedwithincountries. [D]Inpracticetheymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeingpenalizedbythemarkets. [E]Therichercountriesontheotherhandwilldiversifyintohi-techindustrieswherehighproductivityandspecialistknowledgeareparamount. [F]Opponentsofglobalizationalsopointtoitseffectsonworkersinpoorercountries.Theyagreethatmultinationalsmaybehelpingtoreduceunemploymentinthedevelopingworldbuttheyarguethatjobsarehardlyworthhavingsincetheyarelow-paidandexploitative. [G]By1990nearlyallworld’smajoreconomicshadgotridofrestrictionsonhowmuchmoneycouldbemovedinandoutoftheircountries. 41
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points AmonthagotheBritishgovernmentannouncedaplantokeepterroristsuspectsindefinitelyunderhousearrest1thehomesecretary’ssay-soIthasbeenattackedfromallsideseversince.Thisweekthegovernmentbacktracked.UnderthePreventionofTerrorismbill2toParliamentthisweekhousearrestwould3apotential4inthegovernment’sever-expandinganti-terroristarsenalbutthegovernmentwouldfirsthaveto5ofArticle5oftheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsguaranteeingarighttoliberty.Parliamentwouldhavetovoteonthat.Thegovernmentcoulddothis6theterroristthreattoBritainalreadydescribedbythegovernmentas"7"gotevenworse.Eventhenthepowerswouldremain8bypoliticalandjudicialsafeguards.Beforethehomesecretarycouldmakeahouse-arrestorderhewouldhavetobesatisfiedonthe9ofprobabilities--nolongeronthebasisof"reasonablesuspicion--thatthesuspecthasbeen"involvedinaterrorism-relatedactivity".Hewouldalsohavetobe10thatsuchanorderwas"strictlyrequired".Theperiodofhouse-arrestwillbelimitedtoamaximumofsixmonthsextendablethroughanewhouse-arrestorder.WithinsevendaysofitsbeingimposedtheHighCourtwouldhavetoconfirmthatthehomesecretaryhad"11grounds"formakingsuchanorder.Evenifitweresosatisfiedthecasewouldgoontoafullcourt12Thebillalsoprovidesforawholerangeoflesserrestrictionsincludingtaggingcurfewsabanonassociationwithspecifiedpeopleprohibitionsonusingphonesrestrictionsontravelandsoon.13tomeetthethreat14byeachsuspectandlimitedtoarenewableperiodof12monthsthesewouldnotbesubjecttothesamejudicialscrutinyashousearrest.Norwouldtheyrequire15fromtheEuropeanconvention.Butthenewordersincludinghousearrestwouldbeusedonlywhereasuspectedterroristcouldnotbeprosecuted16becausetheevidenceagainsthimwasnotadmissibleincourtorbecauseitmight17intelligencesourcesor18techniques.CharlesClarkeinsiststhathewouldprefertoprosecute.19thehomesecretaryisconsideringfurtheranti-terroristlegislationincludingmakingit20tobeinvolvedinthepreparationorcommissionofterroristacts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
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