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终身教育思想形成于20世纪60年代的欧洲，由( )首先提出。
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终身教育思想形成于20世纪60年代的欧洲由______首先提出．
保罗·朗格郎
杜威
洛克
卢梭
终身教育思想形成于20世纪50年代末60年代初的欧洲由首先提出
保罗·朗格朗
杜威
洛克
卢梭
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Apunctualpersonisinthehabitofdoingathingatthepropertimeandisneverlateinkeepinganappointment. Theunpunctualmanononehandneverdoeswhathehastodoatthepropertime.Heisalwaysinahurryandintheendlosesbothtimeandhisgoodname.Alostthingmaybefoundagainbutlosttimecanneverberegained.Timeismorevaluablethanmaterialthings.Infacttimeislifeitself.Theunpunctualmanisforeverwastingandmismanaginghismostvaluableassetaswellasother’s.Theunpunctualpersonisalwayscomplainingthathefindsnotimetoanswerlettersorreturncallsorkeepappointmentspromptly.Butthemanwhoreallyhasagreatdealtodoisverycarefulofhistimeandseldomcomplainsofwantofit.Heknowsthathecannotgetthroughhishugeamountofworkunlesshefaithfullykeepseverypieceofworkwhenithastobeattendedto. Failuretobepunctualinkeepingone’sappointmentsisthesignofdisrespecttowardsothers.Ifapersonisinvitedtodinnerandarriveslaterthantheappointedtimehekeepsalltheotherguestswaitingforhim.Usuallythiswillberegardedasagreatdisrespecttothehostandallotherguestspresent. Unpunctualitymoreoverisveryharmfulwhenitcomestodoone’sdutywhetherpublicorprivate.Imaginehowitwouldbeifthosewhoareputinchargeofimportanttasksfailedtobeattheirproperplaceattheappointedtime.Amanwhoisknowntobehabituallyunpunctualisnevertrustedbyhisfriendsorfellowmen. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheharmofunpunctuality
班集体形成的条件和前进的动力是______
JeanneCalmentaFrenchwomanbecamearecordbreakeron17Octoberof1995whenattheageof120yearsand238daysshebecamethelongest-livedhumanbeingonrecord.AJapanesemandiedin1986attheageof120yearsand237days. JeanneCalmentlivesinasmalloldpeople’shomeinthesouthofFrance;herhusbandheronlychildandhergrandsonhavealldied.Sheisnearlyblindanddeafandsheisalwaysinawheelchairbutherdoctordescribesherasbeingmorelikea90-year-oldingoodhealththansomeoneof120.Shestillhasalivelysenseofhumor.Whenaskedonher120thbirthdaywhatsheexpectedofthefutureshereplied:Averyshortone.ShealsoremarkedthatshethoughtthegoodLordhadforgottenallabouther. SowhatisthekeytoalonglifeAccordingtosomedoctorsdietexerciseandnosmokingarethethreeimportantfactors.JeanneCalmenthasfollowedtwoofthetips.Shehasalwayseatenahealthydietandsheusedtodoexerciseseverydayuntilshebrokeherlegattheageof115.Howeveruntilrecentlyshedranktwoglassedofstrongredwineadayandshedoessmokenowonlyalittle.BesidesJeanneCalmentmighthavegotverygoodgenesfromherparents.Herfatherlivedtotheageof94andhermotherto86. Alocallawyerboughtherhousewhenshewas80underanagreementthathewouldpayhersomemoneyeveryyearuntilherdeath.Itmusthaveseemedagoodmoveatthetimebutsofarthelawyerhaspaidheratleastthreetimesthevalueofthehouse.EveryyearonherbirthdayJeanneCalmentsendshimacardsaying:SorryI’mstillalive! HowdoesJeanneCalmentfeelaboutheroldage
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 8
Theradiosaysthesnow______lateintheday.
______isthestatechurchinEngland.
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 18
JeanneCalmentaFrenchwomanbecamearecordbreakeron17Octoberof1995whenattheageof120yearsand238daysshebecamethelongest-livedhumanbeingonrecord.AJapanesemandiedin1986attheageof120yearsand237days. JeanneCalmentlivesinasmalloldpeople’shomeinthesouthofFrance;herhusbandheronlychildandhergrandsonhavealldied.Sheisnearlyblindanddeafandsheisalwaysinawheelchairbutherdoctordescribesherasbeingmorelikea90-year-oldingoodhealththansomeoneof120.Shestillhasalivelysenseofhumor.Whenaskedonher120thbirthdaywhatsheexpectedofthefutureshereplied:Averyshortone.ShealsoremarkedthatshethoughtthegoodLordhadforgottenallabouther. SowhatisthekeytoalonglifeAccordingtosomedoctorsdietexerciseandnosmokingarethethreeimportantfactors.JeanneCalmenthasfollowedtwoofthetips.Shehasalwayseatenahealthydietandsheusedtodoexerciseseverydayuntilshebrokeherlegattheageof115.Howeveruntilrecentlyshedranktwoglassedofstrongredwineadayandshedoessmokenowonlyalittle.BesidesJeanneCalmentmighthavegotverygoodgenesfromherparents.Herfatherlivedtotheageof94andhermotherto86. Alocallawyerboughtherhousewhenshewas80underanagreementthathewouldpayhersomemoneyeveryyearuntilherdeath.Itmusthaveseemedagoodmoveatthetimebutsofarthelawyerhaspaidheratleastthreetimesthevalueofthehouse.EveryyearonherbirthdayJeanneCalmentsendshimacardsaying:SorryI’mstillalive! Whichofthefollowingcouldbestreplacethewordmoveinthefourthparagraph
Friendshiphelpsusunderstandweareweneedeachotherandwecandoforeachother.
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 10
一位著名的运动员将传送熊熊燃烧的火炬
Owenwouldn'teatanything______hecookedithimself.
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 16
I'venever______himbefore.
他专心研究濒危动物并逐渐习惯了岛上的艰苦生活concentrateon;and;getusedto
Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedomandtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomeanambitionsorloveofcomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbersandtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseemstometolinkthemwithlifeandtheoriginsofthings.It’sasiftheywere.insomesensecosmicbeingsinviolentandlovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybeconceitedill-manneredpresumptuousorfatuousbutIdonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclichésaboutrespectforelders-asifmereagewereareasonforrespect.IacceptthatweareequalsandIwillarguewithhimasanequalifIthinkheiswrong.
终身教育思想形成于20世纪60年代的欧洲由首先提出
发音不同的是
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 14
一切教育工作的出发点是______
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 4
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 2
形成性评价
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 12
Ihavenoone______meforIamanewcomerhere.
Apunctualpersonisinthehabitofdoingathingatthepropertimeandisneverlateinkeepinganappointment. Theunpunctualmanononehandneverdoeswhathehastodoatthepropertime.Heisalwaysinahurryandintheendlosesbothtimeandhisgoodname.Alostthingmaybefoundagainbutlosttimecanneverberegained.Timeismorevaluablethanmaterialthings.Infacttimeislifeitself.Theunpunctualmanisforeverwastingandmismanaginghismostvaluableassetaswellasother’s.Theunpunctualpersonisalwayscomplainingthathefindsnotimetoanswerlettersorreturncallsorkeepappointmentspromptly.Butthemanwhoreallyhasagreatdealtodoisverycarefulofhistimeandseldomcomplainsofwantofit.Heknowsthathecannotgetthroughhishugeamountofworkunlesshefaithfullykeepseverypieceofworkwhenithastobeattendedto. Failuretobepunctualinkeepingone’sappointmentsisthesignofdisrespecttowardsothers.Ifapersonisinvitedtodinnerandarriveslaterthantheappointedtimehekeepsalltheotherguestswaitingforhim.Usuallythiswillberegardedasagreatdisrespecttothehostandallotherguestspresent. Unpunctualitymoreoverisveryharmfulwhenitcomestodoone’sdutywhetherpublicorprivate.Imaginehowitwouldbeifthosewhoareputinchargeofimportanttasksfailedtobeattheirproperplaceattheappointedtime.Amanwhoisknowntobehabituallyunpunctualisnevertrustedbyhisfriendsorfellowmen. Accordingtothepassagethemainreasonthatapersonisalwaysunpunctualisthat.
—Letmeintroducemyself.I'mAlbert. —.
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 20
Iwasasingleparentoffoursmallchildrenworkingatalowpaidjob.Moneywasalwaystightbutwehada1overourheadsfoodonthetableclothesonourbacksandifnotalotalways2.NotknowingwewerepoormykidsjustthoughtIwas3.I’vealwaysbeengladaboutthat. ItwasChristmastimeandalthoughtherewasn’t4foralotofgiftsweplannedtocelebratewithafamilyparty.Butthebig5forthekidswasthefunofChristmas6. Theyplannedweeksaheadoftimeasking7whattheywantedforChristmas.FortunatelyIhadsavedMYM120for8tosharebyallfiveofus. Thebig9arrived.Igaveeachkidatwenty-dollarbilland10themtolookforgiftsofaboutfourdollarseach.Theneveryonescattered.Wehadtwohourstoshop;thenwewould11backatthe"Santa’sWorkshop" DrivinghomeeveryonewasinhighChristmasspirits12myyoungerdaughterGingerwhowasunusually13Shehadonlyonesmallflatbagwithafewcandies—fiftycentcandiesIwassoangrybutIdidn’tsayanything14wegothome.Icalledherintomybedroomandclosedthedoor15tobeangryagain.Thisiswhatshetoldme. "Iwaslooking16thinkingofwhattobuyandI17toreadthelittlecardsonthe’GivingTrees’.Onewasforalittlegirlfouryearsoldandallshe18forChristmaswasadoll.SoItookthecardoffthetreeand19thedollforher.Wehavesomuchandshedoesn’thaveanything." Ineverfeltso20asIdidthatday. 6
Whenyouareinanothercountryitisimportanttoknowthelanguagebutitisequallyimportanttoknowhowtocommunicatenonverballybeforesayinganythingbymakinggestures.Accordingtoapioneerinnonverbalcommunicationonly20to35percentofourcommunicationisverbal.Whenpeopledon’tknowthelanguagethe"mostcommonwaytocommunicateisthroughgestures.Howevermanygestureshavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningatallindifferentpartsoftheworld. IntheUnitedStatesforexamplenoddingyourheadupanddownmeans"yes".InsomepartsofGreeceandTurkeyhoweverthismotioncanmean"no”.InSoutheastAsianoddingyourheadisapolitewayofsaying"I’veheardyou". "InancientRomewhentheemperorwantedtosparesomeone’slifehewouldputhisthumbup.TodayintheUnitedStateswhensomeoneputshis/herthumbupitmeans"Everythingisallright".HoweverinSardiniaandGreecethegestureisinsultingandshouldnotbeusedthere. IntheUnitedStatesraisingyourclaspedhandsaboveyourheadmeans"I’mthechampion"or"I’mthewinner".Itisthesignprizefightersmakewhentheywinafight.WhenaleadingRussianstatesmanmadethisgestureafteraWhiteHousemeetingAmericansmisunderstoodandthoughthemeanthewasawinner.InRussiahoweveritisasignoffriendship. IntheUnitedStatesholdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfingerinacircleandtheotherthreefingersspreadoutmeans"EverythingisOK"andisfrequentlyusedbyastronautsandpoliticians.InFranceandBelgiumitcanmean"You’reworthnothing." Thereareothernonverbalsignalsthatpeopleshouldbeawareofwhentheygotoanothercountrysuchasthedistancetomaintainbetweenspeakers.Americansusuallyfeelcomfortablewhenspeakingwithsomeoneifthedistancebetweenthemisabouteighteeninchestoarm’slength.Anythingclosermakesthemfeeluncomfortable. WhentalkingtoAmericansitisalsoimportanttomakeeyecontact.IfyoulookdownwhentalkingtoanAmericanhe/shemayfeelthatyouareembarrassedafraidortryingtohidesomething. Inadditiontoknowinghowtocommunicatenonverballyinacountryitisimportanttoknowwhatyouandhecannotdiscuss.IntheUnitedStatestherearecertaintopicstoavoidwhenyoufirstmeetsomeoneForexampledon’taskpeopletheirageweightreligionmaritalstatushowmuchmoneytheyearnorhowmuchsomethingcosts.Youcantalkaboutworktheweathertrafficproblemssportsfoodnewsofthedaywhereonelivesconsumersubjectscomputerscarrepairsandsoforthandtravelorvacationplans. Thesefewexamplesillustratethatyouractionscanspeaklouderthanyourwords.Inaparticularculturalcontestwhatyousayandwhatyoudon’tsayareequallyimportant. Pleaseparaphrasetheclauseyouractionscanspeaklouderthanyourwords.
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