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Can computer viruses ever be a force for progress In the wild west of the online world, the archetyp...
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OnOctober121989someBritishscientistswereworkingatt
―Theauthorsofcomputervirusesaregeniuses.―IagreE.Th
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
OnOctober121989someBritishscientistswereworkingatt
OnOctober121989someChinesescientistswereworkingatt
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
------Theauthorsofcomputervirusesaregeniuses.-----
in which
through which
on which
from which
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
EveryyearwhentheItalianartistMichelangelo’s1475－15
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
OnOctober121989someBritishscientistswereworkingatt
CancomputerviruseseverbeaforceforprogressInthewild
welcome "good" viruses
illustrate the nature of "good" viruses
expose the harm of "good" viruses
condemn the misbehavior of spreading viruses
CancomputerviruseseverbeaforceforprogressInthewild
computer viruses might be a force for progress
computers are full of viruses and worms
computers are wild in the west
viruses are spreading online
Computervirusesareelectronicprogramsthatdestroyinf
CancomputerviruseseverbeaforceforprogressInthew
computer viruses might be a force for progress
computers are full of viruses and worms
computers are wild in the west
viruses are spreading online
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
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Internetcomputer-basedglobalinformationsystem.TheInternetiscomposedofmanyinterconnectedcomputernetworks.Eachnetworkmaylinktenshundredsoreventhousandsofcomputersenablingthemtoshareinformationwithoneanotherandtosharecomputationalresourcessuchaspowerfulsupercomputersanddatabasesofinformation.TheInternethasmadeitpossibleforpeopleallovertheworldtocommunicatewithoneanothereffectivelyandinexpensively. 41__________. TheInternethasbroughtnewopportunitiestogovernmentbusinessandeducation.GovernmentsusetheInternetforinternalcommunicationdistributionofinformationandautomatedtaxprocessing.InadditiontoofferinggoodsandservicesonlinetocustomersbusinessesusetheInternettointeractwithotherbusinesses. 42__________. UseoftheInternethasgrowntremendouslysinceitsinception.TheInternet’ssuccessarisesfromitsflexibility.InsteadofrestrictingcomponentnetworkstoaparticularmanufacturerorparticulartypeInternettechnologyallowsinterconnectionofanykindofcomputernetwork. 43__________. InternetserviceprovidersISPsprovideInternetaccesstocustomersusuallyforamonthlyfee.AcustomerwhosubscribestoanISP’sserviceusestheISP’snetworktoaccesstheInternet.BecauseISPsoffertheirservicestothegeneralpublicthenetworkstheyoperateareknownaspublicaccessnetworks. 44__________. Anorganizationthathasmanycomputersusuallyownsandoperatesaprivatenetworkcalledanintranetwhichconnectsallthecomputerswithintheorganization:ToprovideInternetservicetheorganizationconnectsitsintranettotheInternet.Unlikepublicaccessnetworksintranetsarerestrictedtoprovidesecurity. 45__________. A.ThecurrentnumberofpeoplewhousetheInternetcanonlybeestimated.Onesurveyfoundthattherewere61millionInternetusersworldwideattheendof1996148millionattheendof1998and407millionbytheendof2000.Someanalystssaidthatthenumberofuserswasexpectedtodoubleagainbytheendof2002. B.OnlyauthorizedcomputersattheorganizationcanconnecttotheintranetandtheorganizationrestrictscommunicationbetweentheintranetandtheglobalInternet.Therestrictionsallowcomputersinsidetheorganizationtoexchangeinformationbutkeeptheinformationconfidentialandprotectedfromoutsiders. C.UnliketraditionalbroadcastingmediasuchasradioandtelevisiontheInternetdoesnothaveacentralizeddistributionsystem.InsteadanindividualwhohasInternetaccesscancommunicatedirectlywithanyoneelseontheInternetmakeinformationavailabletoothersfindinformationprovidedbyothersorsellproductswithaminimumoverheadcost. D.Nonetworkistoolargeortoosmalltoofastortooslowtobeinterconnected.ThustheInternetincludesinexpensivenetworksthatcanonlyconnectafewcomputerswithinasingleroomaswellasexpensivenetworksthatcanspanacontinentandconnectthousandsofcomputers. E.ManyindividualsusetheInternetforcommunicatingthroughelectronicmaile-mailfornewsandresearchinformationshoppingpayingbillsandonlinebanking.EducationalinstitutionsusetheInternetforresearchandtodelivercoursesandcoursematerialtostudents. F.IntheUnitedStatesasinmanycountriesISPsareprivatecompanies;incountrieswheretelephoneserviceisagovernment-regulatedmonopolythegovernmentoftencontrolsISPs. G.TheInternethasdoubledinsizeevery9to14monthssinceitbeganinthelate1970s.In1981only213computerswereconnectedtotheInternet.By2000thenumberhadgrowntomorethan100million. 49
Myinspirationismygrandmotherwho’sstillaliveat96.SheraisedmefromthetimeIwas8onadairyfarminWisconsin.InanothererashecouldhavedonewhatIdoalthoughIdidn’tknowwhataCEOwasthen.I’marealgo-getteranddon’tknowanyotherway.Itellmy12-year-olddaughterifyouhaveatestwhynottryforanAIdon’tbelieveinhalfdoingsomething.Inmycareerthebiggestshockcameinmy20’s.Ilovedmyjobasafieldsystemsanalystat3Mandwantedmyfirstmanager’sjobatheadquarters.TheyeventoldmeIwasthebestcandidatetotallyqualified.ThentheytoldmeIt’snotpossiblebecauseyou’reawoman.IwassoshockedthatIquit.IhadthisfeelingofbeingtotallyblownawayasIcrawledbacktoAtlanta.Ipreachtopeople:therearenobadbosses.Youlearnhownottotreatpeople.Myworstbosswasfullofhimselfandwantedtomicromanage.Themandidn’thaveacomplimentaryboneinhisbody.Istillhavemyperformancereviewhewroteinsmallanalprint.ItwaswinterinMinnesota.Ididn’twanttodrive.Iwasoutthedoorat5p.m.becausethebusleftthefrontdoorat5:06.HeputthatdowninmyreviewhowfastIwasoutthedoor.Itdidn’tmattertherestoftheyearIwasthereuntil6or7.LaterwhenIswitchedcompanies.Iattendedanoff-sitestrategymeetinginFlorida.Therewasabarbecueandthemeetingcontinuedonintotheevening.Myboss’bossthrewatowelacrosstheroomandsaidCleanupCarol.Icaughtthetowelwentoverandscrubbedhisface.EverybodyintheroomwentOhhhh.TheluckiestthinginmycareeristhatIhaveacomputersciencedegree.Doorsopenedwideatatimewhenitwasn’tnecessarilygreatforwomen.IfIcouldwaveamagicwandI’dhaveeverygirlpasscollegefreshmancalculus.Accordingtothepassagethecharacteristicsoftheauthormaybedescribedas______.
Myinspirationismygrandmotherwho’sstillaliveat96.SheraisedmefromthetimeIwas8onadairyfarminWisconsin.InanothererashecouldhavedonewhatIdoalthoughIdidn’tknowwhataCEOwasthen.I’marealgo-getteranddon’tknowanyotherway.Itellmy12-year-olddaughterifyouhaveatestwhynottryforanAIdon’tbelieveinhalfdoingsomething. Inmycareerthebiggestshockcameinmy20’s.Ilovedmyjobasafieldsystemsanalystat3Mandwantedmyfirstmanager’sjobatheadquarters.TheyeventoldmeIwasthebestcandidatetotallyqualified.Thentheytoldme"It’snotpossiblebecauseyou’reawoman."IwassoshockedthatIquit.IhadthisfeelingofbeingtotallyblownawayasIcrawledbacktoAtlanta. Ipreachtopeople:therearenobadbosses.Youlearnhownottotreatpeople.Myworstbosswasfullofhimselfandwantedtomicromanage.Themandidn’thaveacomplimentaryboneinhisbody.Istillhavemyperformancereviewhewroteinsmallanalprint.ItwaswinterinMinnesota.Ididn’twanttodrive.Iwasoutthedoorat5p.m.becausethebusleftthefrontdoorat5:06.HeputthatdowninmyreviewhowfastIwasoutthedoor.Itdidn’tmattertherestoftheyearIwasthereuntil6or7. LaterwhenIswitchedcompanies.Iattendedanoff-sitestrategymeetinginFlorida.Therewasabarbecueandthemeetingcontinuedonintotheevening.Myboss’bossthrewatowelacrosstheroomandsaid"CleanupCarol."Icaughtthetowelwentoverandscrubbedhisface.Everybodyintheroomwent"Ohhhh." TheluckiestthinginmycareeristhatIhaveacomputersciencedegree.Doorsopenedwideatatimewhenitwasn’tnecessarilygreatforwomen.IfIcouldwaveamagicwandI’dhaveeverygirlpasscollegefreshmancalculus. EverybodyintheroomwentOhhhh’Line4ParA．4because
About150yearsagoavillagechurchvicarinYorkshireEnglandhadthreelovelyintelligentdaughtersbuthishopeshingedentirelyonthesolemaleheirBranwellayouthwithremarkabletalentinbothartandliterature. 46Branwell’sfatherandsistershoardedtheirpenniesto.RackhimofftoLondon’sRoyalAcademyofArtsbutifartwashiscallinghedialedawrongnumber.Withinweekshehightailedithomeapennilessfailure. HopesstillhighthefamilylandedBranwellajobasaprivatetutorhopingthiswouldfreehimtodevelophisliteraryskillsandachievethesuccessandfamethathedeserved.Failureagain. 47Foryearstheselflesssisterssquelchedtheirowngoalsfarmingthemselvesoutasteachersandgovernessesinsupportoftheirincreasinglyindebtedbrotherconvincedtheworldmusteventuallyrecognizehisgenius.AsfailuremultipliedBranwellturnedtoalcoholthenopiumandeventuallydiedashehadlived:afailure.Sodiedhopeintheonemale-butwhatofthethreeanonymoussisters. DuringBranwell’slastyearsthegirlspublishedabookofpoetryattheirownexpenseunderapseudonymforfearofreviewers’biasagainstfemales.EvenBranwellmighthavesnickered:theysoldonlytwocopies. 48Undauntedtheycontinuedintheirsparetimelateatnightbycandlelighttopourouttheirpent-upemotionwritingofwhattheyknewbestofwomeninconflictwiththeirnaturaldesiresandsocialcondition-inrealitylessfictionthanautobiography!And19thcenturyliteraturewastransformedbyAnne’sAgnesGreyEmily’sWutheringHeightsandCharlotte’sJaneEyre. ButyearsofsacrificeforBrauwellhadtakentheirtoll.49Emilytookillatherbrother’sfuneralanddiedwithin3monthsaged30;Annedied5monthslateraged29;Charlottelivedonlytoage39.Ifonlythey.hadbeennurturedinsteadofhavingbeensacrificed. NooneremembersBranwell’snamemuchlesshisartorliteraturebuttheBrontesisters’tragicallyshortlivesteachusevenmoreoflifethanliterature.50Theirsacrificedgeniuscriesouttousthatinmodernsocietywemustvaluechildrennotbytheirphysicalstrengthorsexualgenderaswewouldvalueanyboastofburdenbutbytheirintegritystrengthacommitmentcourage-spiritualqualitiesabundantinbothboysandgirls.ChinaanationblessedbymoreboysandgirlsthananynationignoresatherownperilthelessonoftheBrontes’tragedy. 51
WhatistimeIsitathingtobesavedorspentorwastedlikemoneyOrisitsomethingwehavenocontroloverliketheweatherIstimethesameallovertheworldThat’saneasyquestionyousay.Whereveryougoaminuteis60secondsanhouris60minutesadayis24hoursandsoforth.Wellmaybe.ButinAmericatimeismorethanthat.Americansseetimeasaveryvaluableresource.Maybethat’swhytheyarefondoftheexpressionTimeismoney.BecauseAmericansbelievetimeisalimitedresourcetheytrytoconserveandmanageit.PeopleintheU.S.oftenattendseminarsorreadbooksontimemanagement.Itseemstheyallwanttoorganizetheirtimebetter.Professionalscarryaroundpocketplanners-someinelectronicform-tokeeptrackofappointmentsanddeadlines.Peopledoalltheycantosqueezemorelifeoutoftheirtime.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFranklinexpressedthisviewbest:Doyoulovelife.’Thendonotwastetimeforthatisthestufflifeismadeof.ToAmericanspunctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeople’stime.Beingmorethan10minuteslatetoanappointmentusuallycallsforanapologyandmaybeanexplanation.Peoplewhoarerunninglateoftencallaheadtoletothersknowofthedelay.Ofcoursethelessformalthesituationthelessimportantitistobeexactlyontime.Atinformalget-togethersforexamplepeopleoftenarriveasmuchas30minutespasttheappointedtime.Buttheyusuallydon’ttrythatatwork.TooutsidersAmericansseemtiedtotheclockPeopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocietiespeopledon’ttrytocontroltimebuttoexperienceit.ManyEasternculturesforexampleviewtimeasacycle.Therhythmofnature-fromthepassingoftheseasonstothemonthlycycleofthemoon-shapestheirviewofevents.Peoplelearntorespondtotheirenvironment.AsaresulttheyfinditeasiertogowiththeflowthanAmericanswholikeplanstobefixedandunchangeable.EvenAmericanswouldadmitthatnoonecanmastertime.Time-likemoney-slipsalltooeasilythroughourfingers.Andtime-liketheweather-isveryhauttopredict.Neverthelesstimeisoneoflife’smostpreciousgifts.Andunwrappingitishalfthefun.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFrankliniscitedas______.
Myinspirationismygrandmotherwho’sstillaliveat96.SheraisedmefromthetimeIwas8onadairyfarminWisconsin.InanothererashecouldhavedonewhatIdoalthoughIdidn’tknowwhataCEOwasthen.I’marealgo-getteranddon’tknowanyotherway.Itellmy12-year-olddaughterifyouhaveatestwhynottryforanAIdon’tbelieveinhalfdoingsomething.Inmycareerthebiggestshockcameinmy20’s.Ilovedmyjobasafieldsystemsanalystat3Mandwantedmyfirstmanager’sjobatheadquarters.TheyeventoldmeIwasthebestcandidatetotallyqualified.ThentheytoldmeIt’snotpossiblebecauseyou’reawoman.IwassoshockedthatIquit.IhadthisfeelingofbeingtotallyblownawayasIcrawledbacktoAtlanta.Ipreachtopeople:therearenobadbosses.Youlearnhownottotreatpeople.Myworstbosswasfullofhimselfandwantedtomicromanage.Themandidn’thaveacomplimentaryboneinhisbody.Istillhavemyperformancereviewhewroteinsmallanalprint.ItwaswinterinMinnesota.Ididn’twanttodrive.Iwasoutthedoorat5p.m.becausethebusleftthefrontdoorat5:06.HeputthatdowninmyreviewhowfastIwasoutthedoor.Itdidn’tmattertherestoftheyearIwasthereuntil6or7.LaterwhenIswitchedcompanies.Iattendedanoff-sitestrategymeetinginFlorida.Therewasabarbecueandthemeetingcontinuedonintotheevening.Myboss’bossthrewatowelacrosstheroomandsaidCleanupCarol.Icaughtthetowelwentoverandscrubbedhisface.EverybodyintheroomwentOhhhh.TheluckiestthinginmycareeristhatIhaveacomputersciencedegree.Doorsopenedwideatatimewhenitwasn’tnecessarilygreatforwomen.IfIcouldwaveamagicwandI’dhaveeverygirlpasscollegefreshmancalculus.Itdidn’tmattertherestoftheyearIwasthereuntil6or7Line6Par
WhatistimeIsitathingtobesavedorspentorwastedlikemoneyOrisitsomethingwehavenocontroloverliketheweatherIstimethesameallovertheworldThat’saneasyquestionyousay.Whereveryougoaminuteis60secondsanhouris60minutesadayis24hoursandsoforth.Wellmaybe.ButinAmericatimeismorethanthat.Americansseetimeasaveryvaluableresource.Maybethat’swhytheyarefondoftheexpressionTimeismoney.BecauseAmericansbelievetimeisalimitedresourcetheytrytoconserveandmanageit.PeopleintheU.S.oftenattendseminarsorreadbooksontimemanagement.Itseemstheyallwanttoorganizetheirtimebetter.Professionalscarryaroundpocketplanners-someinelectronicform-tokeeptrackofappointmentsanddeadlines.Peopledoalltheycantosqueezemorelifeoutoftheirtime.TheearlyAmericanheroBenjaminFranklinexpressedthisviewbest:Doyoulovelife.’Thendonotwastetimeforthatisthestufflifeismadeof.ToAmericanspunctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeople’stime.Beingmorethan10minuteslatetoanappointmentusuallycallsforanapologyandmaybeanexplanation.Peoplewhoarerunninglateoftencallaheadtoletothersknowofthedelay.Ofcoursethelessformalthesituationthelessimportantitistobeexactlyontime.Atinformalget-togethersforexamplepeopleoftenarriveasmuchas30minutespasttheappointedtime.Buttheyusuallydon’ttrythatatwork.TooutsidersAmericansseemtiedtotheclockPeopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocietiespeopledon’ttrytocontroltimebuttoexperienceit.ManyEasternculturesforexampleviewtimeasacycle.Therhythmofnature-fromthepassingoftheseasonstothemonthlycycleofthemoon-shapestheirviewofevents.Peoplelearntorespondtotheirenvironment.AsaresulttheyfinditeasiertogowiththeflowthanAmericanswholikeplanstobefixedandunchangeable.EvenAmericanswouldadmitthatnoonecanmastertime.Time-likemoney-slipsalltooeasilythroughourfingers.Andtime-liketheweather-isveryhauttopredict.Neverthelesstimeisoneoflife’smostpreciousgifts.Andunwrappingitishalfthefun.TooutsidersAmericansseemtiedtotheclockwhichisshowninthefactthat______.
Targetapologizesforanydiscomfortsaidaspokesmanforthediscountchain.thatmayhavebeencausedbythebaseballcapsandshortscarryingtheinsignia’88’.Heexplainedthatitwasnotthecompany’sintenttopromotehate.Sincewhendoes88meanhateItturnsoutthatsomeneoNazishavediscoveredthattheeighthletterofthealphabetishandtothemthenumber88isanoh-so-secretcededsymbolforheilHitler.TheBostonHeraldrecalledthedaysofdot-and-dashtelegraphywithitstwo-digitcodesforcommonphrasesandobservedthatonCBandhamradioandatthebottomofanodde-mailyoustillrunacross’88’—’loveandkisses’whichnogallantwilldareuseanymoretopiquetheinterestoftheYLsyoungladiesforfearthey’llthinkheisabug-eyedswastika--tattooednutcakeFansofChetGould’sDickTracystripofthe1950’swillrememberapiano-playingcartooncharacterwiththemusicalname88KeysplayedbyMandyPatinkininthe1990movieversion.Itcomesfromthenumberofkeysonapianokeyboardanditssymbolcanbetheoppositeofhatred:Someofthose88keysarewhiteandsomeblacknotesLarryHornofYaleUniversityallplayingtogetherinpeacefulharmony-andeachsetprettyboringonitsown.Makesyouwonder.Thislatestsuperstitionimposedonanumberanditspanickyeffectonmerchantsisnothingnew.It’savariantof311throereferencestothe11thletterkfortheKuKluxKlan.Manufacturerswhomayhaveinadvertentlyturnedoutbaseballcapswiththatnumberonitwillnowturnwhiteasasheet.Beforethat666wasahotnumberforthenervous.IntheNewTestament’sRevelation13:9-18theApostleJohnrecallsavisionofaboastthatwasanopponentofChrist:CountthenumberofthebeastgoestheKingJamesVersionforitisthenumberofaman;andhisnumberissixhundredthreescoreandsix.Extrapolatingthisintoanameisanexampleofgematriaanancientnumbersgamethatassignseachletterofthealphabetanumericalvalue.Somescholarspointoutthattheversecharacterizesbutdoesnotnamethebeast-whicharen’tSatan.Numbersarenotletters.Hategroupsandconcernedcabalsdonotownthenumberswhichcanbeusedtostandforanything.Sowear88allyoulikeandifyouhavenightmaresabout666assodajerksusedtosayI’m86onthemail.Accordingtothepassagewhatdoes666standfor
About150yearsagoavillagechurchvicarinYorkshireEnglandhadthreelovelyintelligentdaughtersbuthishopeshingedentirelyonthesolemaleheirBranwellayouthwithremarkabletalentinbothartandliterature. 46Branwell’sfatherandsistershoardedtheirpenniesto.RackhimofftoLondon’sRoyalAcademyofArtsbutifartwashiscallinghedialedawrongnumber.Withinweekshehightailedithomeapennilessfailure. HopesstillhighthefamilylandedBranwellajobasaprivatetutorhopingthiswouldfreehimtodevelophisliteraryskillsandachievethesuccessandfamethathedeserved.Failureagain. 47Foryearstheselflesssisterssquelchedtheirowngoalsfarmingthemselvesoutasteachersandgovernessesinsupportoftheirincreasinglyindebtedbrotherconvincedtheworldmusteventuallyrecognizehisgenius.AsfailuremultipliedBranwellturnedtoalcoholthenopiumandeventuallydiedashehadlived:afailure.Sodiedhopeintheonemale-butwhatofthethreeanonymoussisters. DuringBranwell’slastyearsthegirlspublishedabookofpoetryattheirownexpenseunderapseudonymforfearofreviewers’biasagainstfemales.EvenBranwellmighthavesnickered:theysoldonlytwocopies. 48Undauntedtheycontinuedintheirsparetimelateatnightbycandlelighttopourouttheirpent-upemotionwritingofwhattheyknewbestofwomeninconflictwiththeirnaturaldesiresandsocialcondition-inrealitylessfictionthanautobiography!And19thcenturyliteraturewastransformedbyAnne’sAgnesGreyEmily’sWutheringHeightsandCharlotte’sJaneEyre. ButyearsofsacrificeforBrauwellhadtakentheirtoll.49Emilytookillatherbrother’sfuneralanddiedwithin3monthsaged30;Annedied5monthslateraged29;Charlottelivedonlytoage39.Ifonlythey.hadbeennurturedinsteadofhavingbeensacrificed. NooneremembersBranwell’snamemuchlesshisartorliteraturebuttheBrontesisters’tragicallyshortlivesteachusevenmoreoflifethanliterature.50Theirsacrificedgeniuscriesouttousthatinmodernsocietywemustvaluechildrennotbytheirphysicalstrengthorsexualgenderaswewouldvalueanyboastofburdenbutbytheirintegritystrengthacommitmentcourage-spiritualqualitiesabundantinbothboysandgirls.ChinaanationblessedbymoreboysandgirlsthananynationignoresatherownperilthelessonoftheBrontes’tragedy. 53
Targetapologizesforanydiscomfortsaidaspokesmanforthediscountchain.thatmayhavebeencausedbythebaseballcapsandshortscarryingtheinsignia’88’.Heexplainedthatitwasnotthecompany’sintenttopromotehate.Sincewhendoes88meanhateItturnsoutthatsomeneoNazishavediscoveredthattheeighthletterofthealphabetishandtothemthenumber88isanoh-so-secretcededsymbolforheilHitler.TheBostonHeraldrecalledthedaysofdot-and-dashtelegraphywithitstwo-digitcodesforcommonphrasesandobservedthatonCBandhamradioandatthebottomofanodde-mailyoustillrunacross’88’—’loveandkisses’whichnogallantwilldareuseanymoretopiquetheinterestoftheYLsyoungladiesforfearthey’llthinkheisabug-eyedswastika--tattooednutcakeFansofChetGould’sDickTracystripofthe1950’swillrememberapiano-playingcartooncharacterwiththemusicalname88KeysplayedbyMandyPatinkininthe1990movieversion.Itcomesfromthenumberofkeysonapianokeyboardanditssymbolcanbetheoppositeofhatred:Someofthose88keysarewhiteandsomeblacknotesLarryHornofYaleUniversityallplayingtogetherinpeacefulharmony-andeachsetprettyboringonitsown.Makesyouwonder.Thislatestsuperstitionimposedonanumberanditspanickyeffectonmerchantsisnothingnew.It’savariantof311throereferencestothe11thletterkfortheKuKluxKlan.Manufacturerswhomayhaveinadvertentlyturnedoutbaseballcapswiththatnumberonitwillnowturnwhiteasasheet.Beforethat666wasahotnumberforthenervous.IntheNewTestament’sRevelation13:9-18theApostleJohnrecallsavisionofaboastthatwasanopponentofChrist:CountthenumberofthebeastgoestheKingJamesVersionforitisthenumberofaman;andhisnumberissixhundredthreescoreandsix.Extrapolatingthisintoanameisanexampleofgematriaanancientnumbersgamethatassignseachletterofthealphabetanumericalvalue.Somescholarspointoutthattheversecharacterizesbutdoesnotnamethebeast-whicharen’tSatan.Numbersarenotletters.Hategroupsandconcernedcabalsdonotownthenumberswhichcanbeusedtostandforanything.Sowear88allyoulikeandifyouhavenightmaresabout666assodajerksusedtosayI’m86onthemail.Accordingtothepassagewhydoes88meanhate
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Internetcomputer-basedglobalinformationsystem.TheInternetiscomposedofmanyinterconnectedcomputernetworks.Eachnetworkmaylinktenshundredsoreventhousandsofcomputersenablingthemtoshareinformationwithoneanotherandtosharecomputationalresourcessuchaspowerfulsupercomputersanddatabasesofinformation.TheInternethasmadeitpossibleforpeopleallovertheworldtocommunicatewithoneanothereffectivelyandinexpensively. 41__________. TheInternethasbroughtnewopportunitiestogovernmentbusinessandeducation.GovernmentsusetheInternetforinternalcommunicationdistributionofinformationandautomatedtaxprocessing.InadditiontoofferinggoodsandservicesonlinetocustomersbusinessesusetheInternettointeractwithotherbusinesses. 42__________. UseoftheInternethasgrowntremendouslysinceitsinception.TheInternet’ssuccessarisesfromitsflexibility.InsteadofrestrictingcomponentnetworkstoaparticularmanufacturerorparticulartypeInternettechnologyallowsinterconnectionofanykindofcomputernetwork. 43__________. InternetserviceprovidersISPsprovideInternetaccesstocustomersusuallyforamonthlyfee.AcustomerwhosubscribestoanISP’sserviceusestheISP’snetworktoaccesstheInternet.BecauseISPsoffertheirservicestothegeneralpublicthenetworkstheyoperateareknownaspublicaccessnetworks. 44__________. Anorganizationthathasmanycomputersusuallyownsandoperatesaprivatenetworkcalledanintranetwhichconnectsallthecomputerswithintheorganization:ToprovideInternetservicetheorganizationconnectsitsintranettotheInternet.Unlikepublicaccessnetworksintranetsarerestrictedtoprovidesecurity. 45__________. A.ThecurrentnumberofpeoplewhousetheInternetcanonlybeestimated.Onesurveyfoundthattherewere61millionInternetusersworldwideattheendof1996148millionattheendof1998and407millionbytheendof2000.Someanalystssaidthatthenumberofuserswasexpectedtodoubleagainbytheendof2002. B.OnlyauthorizedcomputersattheorganizationcanconnecttotheintranetandtheorganizationrestrictscommunicationbetweentheintranetandtheglobalInternet.Therestrictionsallowcomputersinsidetheorganizationtoexchangeinformationbutkeeptheinformationconfidentialandprotectedfromoutsiders. C.UnliketraditionalbroadcastingmediasuchasradioandtelevisiontheInternetdoesnothaveacentralizeddistributionsystem.InsteadanindividualwhohasInternetaccesscancommunicatedirectlywithanyoneelseontheInternetmakeinformationavailabletoothersfindinformationprovidedbyothersorsellproductswithaminimumoverheadcost. D.Nonetworkistoolargeortoosmalltoofastortooslowtobeinterconnected.ThustheInternetincludesinexpensivenetworksthatcanonlyconnectafewcomputerswithinasingleroomaswellasexpensivenetworksthatcanspanacontinentandconnectthousandsofcomputers. E.ManyindividualsusetheInternetforcommunicatingthroughelectronicmaile-mailfornewsandresearchinformationshoppingpayingbillsandonlinebanking.EducationalinstitutionsusetheInternetforresearchandtodelivercoursesandcoursematerialtostudents. F.IntheUnitedStatesasinmanycountriesISPsareprivatecompanies;incountrieswheretelephoneserviceisagovernment-regulatedmonopolythegovernmentoftencontrolsISPs. G.TheInternethasdoubledinsizeevery9to14monthssinceitbeganinthelate1970s.In1981only213computerswereconnectedtotheInternet.By2000thenumberhadgrowntomorethan100million. 47
EverybodyloathesitbuteverybodydoesitArecentpollshowedthat20%ofAmericanshatethepractice.Itseemssoarbitraryafterall.WhydoesabarmangetatipbutnotadoctorwhosaveslivesInAmericaalonetippingisnowa$16billion-a-yearindustry.Consumersactingrationallyoughtnottopaymorethantheyhavetoforagivenservice.Tipsshouldnotexist.SowhydotheyTheconventionalwisdomisthattipsbothrewardtheeffortsofgoodserviceandreduceuncomfortablefeelingsofinequality.Thebettertheservicethebiggerthetip.Suchexplanationsnodoubtexplainthepurportedoriginoftipping--inthe16thcenturyboxesinEnglishtavernscarriedthephraseToInsurePromptitudelaterjustTIP.ButaccordingtonewresearchfromCornellUniversitytippingnolongerservesanyusefulfunction.Thepaperanalysesdatafrom2327groupsdiningat20differentrestaurants.Thecorrelationbetweenlargertipsandbetterservicewasveryweak:onlyatinypartofthevariabilityinthesizeofthetiphadanythingtodowiththequalityofservice.Customerswhoratedamealasexcellentstilltippedanywherebetween8%and17%ofthemealprice.Tippingisbetterexplainedbyculturethanbyeconomics.InAmericathecustomhasbecomeinstitutionalized:itisregardedaspartoftheacceptedcostofaservice.InaNewYorkrestaurantfailingtotipatleast15%couldwellmeanabusefromthewaiter.Hairdresserscanexpecttoget15-20%themanwhodeliversyourgroceries＄2.InEuropetippingislesscommon;inmanyrestaurantsdiscretionarytippingisbeingreplacedbyastandardservicecharge.InmanyAsiancountriestippinghasneverreallycaughtonatall.HowtoaccountforthesenationaldifferencesLooknofurtherthanpsychology.AccordingtoMichaelLynntheCornellpaper’sco-authorcountriesinwhichpeoplearemoreextrovertsociableorneurotictendtotipmore.Tippingrelievesanxietyaboutbeingservedbystrangers.AndsaysMr.LynnInAmericawherepeopleareoutgoingandexpressivetippingisaboutsocialapprovalffyoutipbadlypeoplethinklessofyou.Tippingwellisachancetoshowoff.Icelandersbycontrastdonotusuallytip-ameasureoftheirintroversionnodoubt.Whilesuchexplanationsmaybecrudethehardtruthseemstobethattippingdoesnotwork.Itdoesnotbenefitthecustomer.Norinthecaseofrestaurantsdoesitactuallystimulatethewaiterorhelptherestaurantmanagertomonitorandassesshisstaff.Servicepeopleshouldjustbepaidadecentwagewhichmayactuallymakeeconomicsense.PeoplewhodineinaNewYorkrestaurant______.
Myinspirationismygrandmotherwho’sstillaliveat96.SheraisedmefromthetimeIwas8onadairyfarminWisconsin.InanothererashecouldhavedonewhatIdoalthoughIdidn’tknowwhataCEOwasthen.I’marealgo-getteranddon’tknowanyotherway.Itellmy12-year-olddaughterifyouhaveatestwhynottryforanAIdon’tbelieveinhalfdoingsomething.Inmycareerthebiggestshockcameinmy20’s.Ilovedmyjobasafieldsystemsanalystat3Mandwantedmyfirstmanager’sjobatheadquarters.TheyeventoldmeIwasthebestcandidatetotallyqualified.ThentheytoldmeIt’snotpossiblebecauseyou’reawoman.IwassoshockedthatIquit.IhadthisfeelingofbeingtotallyblownawayasIcrawledbacktoAtlanta.Ipreachtopeople:therearenobadbosses.Youlearnhownottotreatpeople.Myworstbosswasfullofhimselfandwantedtomicromanage.Themandidn’thaveacomplimentaryboneinhisbody.Istillhavemyperformancereviewhewroteinsmallanalprint.ItwaswinterinMinnesota.Ididn’twanttodrive.Iwasoutthedoorat5p.m.becausethebusleftthefrontdoorat5:06.HeputthatdowninmyreviewhowfastIwasoutthedoor.Itdidn’tmattertherestoftheyearIwasthereuntil6or7.LaterwhenIswitchedcompanies.Iattendedanoff-sitestrategymeetinginFlorida.Therewasabarbecueandthemeetingcontinuedonintotheevening.Myboss’bossthrewatowelacrosstheroomandsaidCleanupCarol.Icaughtthetowelwentoverandscrubbedhisface.EverybodyintheroomwentOhhhh.TheluckiestthinginmycareeristhatIhaveacomputersciencedegree.Doorsopenedwideatatimewhenitwasn’tnecessarilygreatforwomen.IfIcouldwaveamagicwandI’dhaveeverygirlpasscollegefreshmancalculus.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthor______.
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Myinspirationismygrandmotherwho’sstillaliveat96.SheraisedmefromthetimeIwas8onadairyfarminWisconsin.InanothererashecouldhavedonewhatIdoalthoughIdidn’tknowwhataCEOwasthen.I’marealgo-getteranddon’tknowanyotherway.Itellmy12-year-olddaughterifyouhaveatestwhynottryforanAIdon’tbelieveinhalfdoingsomething.Inmycareerthebiggestshockcameinmy20’s.Ilovedmyjobasafieldsystemsanalystat3Mandwantedmyfirstmanager’sjobatheadquarters.TheyeventoldmeIwasthebestcandidatetotallyqualified.ThentheytoldmeIt’snotpossiblebecauseyou’reawoman.IwassoshockedthatIquit.IhadthisfeelingofbeingtotallyblownawayasIcrawledbacktoAtlanta.Ipreachtopeople:therearenobadbosses.Youlearnhownottotreatpeople.Myworstbosswasfullofhimselfandwantedtomicromanage.Themandidn’thaveacomplimentaryboneinhisbody.Istillhavemyperformancereviewhewroteinsmallanalprint.ItwaswinterinMinnesota.Ididn’twanttodrive.Iwasoutthedoorat5p.m.becausethebusleftthefrontdoorat5:06.HeputthatdowninmyreviewhowfastIwasoutthedoor.Itdidn’tmattertherestoftheyearIwasthereuntil6or7.LaterwhenIswitchedcompanies.Iattendedanoff-sitestrategymeetinginFlorida.Therewasabarbecueandthemeetingcontinuedonintotheevening.Myboss’bossthrewatowelacrosstheroomandsaidCleanupCarol.Icaughtthetowelwentoverandscrubbedhisface.EverybodyintheroomwentOhhhh.TheluckiestthinginmycareeristhatIhaveacomputersciencedegree.Doorsopenedwideatatimewhenitwasn’tnecessarilygreatforwomen.IfIcouldwaveamagicwandI’dhaveeverygirlpasscollegefreshmancalculus.Whatisthebiggestshockinthewriter’scareer
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
EverybodyloathesitbuteverybodydoesitArecentpollshowedthat20%ofAmericanshatethepractice.Itseemssoarbitraryafterall.WhydoesabarmangetatipbutnotadoctorwhosaveslivesInAmericaalonetippingisnowa$16billion-a-yearindustry.Consumersactingrationallyoughtnottopaymorethantheyhavetoforagivenservice.Tipsshouldnotexist.SowhydotheyTheconventionalwisdomisthattipsbothrewardtheeffortsofgoodserviceandreduceuncomfortablefeelingsofinequality.Thebettertheservicethebiggerthetip.Suchexplanationsnodoubtexplainthepurportedoriginoftipping--inthe16thcenturyboxesinEnglishtavernscarriedthephraseToInsurePromptitudelaterjustTIP.ButaccordingtonewresearchfromCornellUniversitytippingnolongerservesanyusefulfunction.Thepaperanalysesdatafrom2327groupsdiningat20differentrestaurants.Thecorrelationbetweenlargertipsandbetterservicewasveryweak:onlyatinypartofthevariabilityinthesizeofthetiphadanythingtodowiththequalityofservice.Customerswhoratedamealasexcellentstilltippedanywherebetween8%and17%ofthemealprice.Tippingisbetterexplainedbyculturethanbyeconomics.InAmericathecustomhasbecomeinstitutionalized:itisregardedaspartoftheacceptedcostofaservice.InaNewYorkrestaurantfailingtotipatleast15%couldwellmeanabusefromthewaiter.Hairdresserscanexpecttoget15-20%themanwhodeliversyourgroceries＄2.InEuropetippingislesscommon;inmanyrestaurantsdiscretionarytippingisbeingreplacedbyastandardservicecharge.InmanyAsiancountriestippinghasneverreallycaughtonatall.HowtoaccountforthesenationaldifferencesLooknofurtherthanpsychology.AccordingtoMichaelLynntheCornellpaper’sco-authorcountriesinwhichpeoplearemoreextrovertsociableorneurotictendtotipmore.Tippingrelievesanxietyaboutbeingservedbystrangers.AndsaysMr.LynnInAmericawherepeopleareoutgoingandexpressivetippingisaboutsocialapprovalffyoutipbadlypeoplethinklessofyou.Tippingwellisachancetoshowoff.Icelandersbycontrastdonotusuallytip-ameasureoftheirintroversionnodoubt.Whilesuchexplanationsmaybecrudethehardtruthseemstobethattippingdoesnotwork.Itdoesnotbenefitthecustomer.Norinthecaseofrestaurantsdoesitactuallystimulatethewaiterorhelptherestaurantmanagertomonitorandassesshisstaff.Servicepeopleshouldjustbepaidadecentwagewhichmayactuallymakeeconomicsense.Whatcanweknowabouttheoriginoftip
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.InyouressayyoushouldfirstdescribethedrawingtheninterpretitsmeaningandgiveyourcommentonitYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
"Targetapologizesforanydiscomfort"saidaspokesmanforthediscountchain."thatmayhavebeencausedbythebaseballcapsandshortscarryingtheinsignia’88’."Heexplainedthatitwasnotthecompany’sintenttopromotehate. Sincewhendoes88mean"hate"ItturnsoutthatsomeneoNazishavediscoveredthattheeighthletterofthealphabetis"h"andtothemthenumber88isanoh-so-secretcededsymbolfor"heilHitler". TheBostonHeraldrecalledthedaysofdot-and-dashtelegraphywithitstwo-digitcodesforcommonphrasesandobservedthat"onCBandhamradioandatthebottomofanodde-mailyoustillrunacross’88’—’loveandkisses’whichnogallantwilldareuseanymoretopiquetheinterestoftheYLsyoungladiesforfearthey’llthinkheisabug-eyedswastika--tattooednutcake" FansofChetGould’s"DickTracy"stripofthe1950’swillrememberapiano-playingcartooncharacterwiththemusicalname"88Keys"playedbyMandyPatinkininthe1990movieversion.Itcomesfromthenumberofkeysonapianokeyboardanditssymbolcanbetheoppositeofhatred:"Someofthose88keysarewhiteandsomeblack"notesLarryHornofYaleUniversity"allplayingtogetherinpeacefulharmony-andeachsetprettyboringonitsown.Makesyouwonder." Thislatestsuperstitionimposedonanumberanditspanickyeffectonmerchantsisnothingnew.It’savariantof311throereferencestothe11thletterkfortheKuKluxKlan.Manufacturerswhomayhaveinadvertentlyturnedoutbaseballcapswiththatnumberonitwillnowturnwhiteasasheet. Beforethat666wasahotnumberforthenervous.IntheNewTestament’sRevelation13:9-18theApostleJohnrecallsavisionofaboastthatwasanopponentofChrist:"Countthenumberofthebeast"goestheKingJamesVersion"foritisthenumberofaman;andhisnumberissixhundredthreescoreandsix." Extrapolatingthisintoanameisanexampleofgematriaanancientnumbersgamethatassignseachletterofthealphabetanumericalvalue.Somescholarspointoutthattheversecharacterizesbutdoesnotnamethebeast-whicharen’tSatan. Numbersarenotletters.Hategroupsandconcernedcabalsdonotownthenumberswhichcanbeusedtostandforanything.Sowear88allyoulikeandifyouhavenightmaresabout666assodajerksusedtosayI’m86onthemail. Whatdoesthemusicalname’88Keys’Line2ParA．4imply
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
About150yearsagoavillagechurchvicarinYorkshireEnglandhadthreelovelyintelligentdaughtersbuthishopeshingedentirelyonthesolemaleheirBranwellayouthwithremarkabletalentinbothartandliterature. 46Branwell’sfatherandsistershoardedtheirpenniesto.RackhimofftoLondon’sRoyalAcademyofArtsbutifartwashiscallinghedialedawrongnumber.Withinweekshehightailedithomeapennilessfailure. HopesstillhighthefamilylandedBranwellajobasaprivatetutorhopingthiswouldfreehimtodevelophisliteraryskillsandachievethesuccessandfamethathedeserved.Failureagain. 47Foryearstheselflesssisterssquelchedtheirowngoalsfarmingthemselvesoutasteachersandgovernessesinsupportoftheirincreasinglyindebtedbrotherconvincedtheworldmusteventuallyrecognizehisgenius.AsfailuremultipliedBranwellturnedtoalcoholthenopiumandeventuallydiedashehadlived:afailure.Sodiedhopeintheonemale-butwhatofthethreeanonymoussisters. DuringBranwell’slastyearsthegirlspublishedabookofpoetryattheirownexpenseunderapseudonymforfearofreviewers’biasagainstfemales.EvenBranwellmighthavesnickered:theysoldonlytwocopies. 48Undauntedtheycontinuedintheirsparetimelateatnightbycandlelighttopourouttheirpent-upemotionwritingofwhattheyknewbestofwomeninconflictwiththeirnaturaldesiresandsocialcondition-inrealitylessfictionthanautobiography!And19thcenturyliteraturewastransformedbyAnne’sAgnesGreyEmily’sWutheringHeightsandCharlotte’sJaneEyre. ButyearsofsacrificeforBrauwellhadtakentheirtoll.49Emilytookillatherbrother’sfuneralanddiedwithin3monthsaged30;Annedied5monthslateraged29;Charlottelivedonlytoage39.Ifonlythey.hadbeennurturedinsteadofhavingbeensacrificed. NooneremembersBranwell’snamemuchlesshisartorliteraturebuttheBrontesisters’tragicallyshortlivesteachusevenmoreoflifethanliterature.50Theirsacrificedgeniuscriesouttousthatinmodernsocietywemustvaluechildrennotbytheirphysicalstrengthorsexualgenderaswewouldvalueanyboastofburdenbutbytheirintegritystrengthacommitmentcourage-spiritualqualitiesabundantinbothboysandgirls.ChinaanationblessedbymoreboysandgirlsthananynationignoresatherownperilthelessonoftheBrontes’tragedy. 55
Successfulbusinessestendtocontinueimplementingtheideasthatmadethemsuccessful.Butinarapidlychangingworldideasoftenbecomeobsoleteovernight.Whatworkedinthepastwon’tnecessarilyworkinthefuture.Inordertothriveinthefutureyoumustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.Infactyoumustcontinuallygeneratenewideasjusttokeepyourheadabovewater.Businessesthataren’tcreativeabouttheirfuturemaynotsurvive.AlthoughBillGatesistherichestmostsuccessfulmanontheplanethedidnotanticipatetheInternet.Nowhe’sscramblingtocatchup.IfBillGatescanmissamajoraspectofhisindustryitcanhappentoyouinyourindustry.Yourbusinessneedstocontinuallyinnovateandcreateitsfuture.GatesisnowconstantlyworriedaboutthefutureofMicrosoft.Here’swhathesaidinarecentinterviewinU.S.NewsWorldReport:WillwebereplacedtomorrowNo.InaveryshorttimeframeMicrosoftisanincrediblystrongcompany.Butwhenyoulooktothetwo-tothree-yeartimeframeIdon’tthinkanyonecansaywithastraightfacethatanytechnologycompanyhasaguaranteedposition.NotIntelnotMicrosoftnotCompaqnotDelltakeanyofyourfavorites.Andthat’stotallyhonest.Youmayrememberthatin1985theCabbagePatchKidsdollswerethebeat-sellingtoyonthemarketButafterColecoIndustriesintroducedtheirsensationallineofdollstheybecamecomplacentanddidn’tcreateanynewtoysworthmentioning.AsaresultColecowentbankruptin1988.Themostsuccessfulbusinessessurviveinthelongtermbecausetheyconstantlyreassesstheirsituationsandreinventthemselvesaccordingly.The3MCompanyhasa15%rule:Employeesareencouragedtospend15%oftheirtimedevelopingnewideasonanyprojecttheydesire.It’snosurprisethenthat3Mhasbeenaroundsince1902.Mostbusinessesarenotwillingtotearapartlastyear’smodelofsuccessandbuildanewone.Here’safamiliaranalogytoexplainwhytheyarelulledintocomplacency.Imaginethatyourbusinessislikeapetoflobsters.Tocooklobstersyouputthemintoapotofwarmwaterandgraduallyturnuptheheat.Thelobstersdon’trealizethey’rebeingcookedbecausetheprocessissegradual.Asaresulttheybecomecomplacentanddiewithoutastruggle.Howeverifyouthrowalobsterintothepotwhenthewaterisboilingitwilldesperatelytrytoescape.Thislobsterisnotlulledbyaslowlychangingenvironment.Itrealizesinstantlythatit’sinabadenvironmentandtakesimmediateactiontochangeitsstatus.WhyisGatesnowconstantlyworriedaboutthefutureofMicrosoft
Successfulbusinessestendtocontinueimplementingtheideasthatmadethemsuccessful.Butinarapidlychangingworldideasoftenbecomeobsoleteovernight.Whatworkedinthepastwon’tnecessarilyworkinthefuture.Inordertothriveinthefutureyoumustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.Infactyoumustcontinuallygeneratenewideasjusttokeepyourheadabovewater.Businessesthataren’tcreativeabouttheirfuturemaynotsurvive.AlthoughBillGatesistherichestmostsuccessfulmanontheplanethedidnotanticipatetheInternet.Nowhe’sscramblingtocatchup.IfBillGatescanmissamajoraspectofhisindustryitcanhappentoyouinyourindustry.Yourbusinessneedstocontinuallyinnovateandcreateitsfuture.GatesisnowconstantlyworriedaboutthefutureofMicrosoft.Here’swhathesaidinarecentinterviewinU.S.NewsWorldReport:WillwebereplacedtomorrowNo.InaveryshorttimeframeMicrosoftisanincrediblystrongcompany.Butwhenyoulooktothetwo-tothree-yeartimeframeIdon’tthinkanyonecansaywithastraightfacethatanytechnologycompanyhasaguaranteedposition.NotIntelnotMicrosoftnotCompaqnotDelltakeanyofyourfavorites.Andthat’stotallyhonest.Youmayrememberthatin1985theCabbagePatchKidsdollswerethebeat-sellingtoyonthemarketButafterColecoIndustriesintroducedtheirsensationallineofdollstheybecamecomplacentanddidn’tcreateanynewtoysworthmentioning.AsaresultColecowentbankruptin1988.Themostsuccessfulbusinessessurviveinthelongtermbecausetheyconstantlyreassesstheirsituationsandreinventthemselvesaccordingly.The3MCompanyhasa15%rule:Employeesareencouragedtospend15%oftheirtimedevelopingnewideasonanyprojecttheydesire.It’snosurprisethenthat3Mhasbeenaroundsince1902.Mostbusinessesarenotwillingtotearapartlastyear’smodelofsuccessandbuildanewone.Here’safamiliaranalogytoexplainwhytheyarelulledintocomplacency.Imaginethatyourbusinessislikeapetoflobsters.Tocooklobstersyouputthemintoapotofwarmwaterandgraduallyturnuptheheat.Thelobstersdon’trealizethey’rebeingcookedbecausetheprocessissegradual.Asaresulttheybecomecomplacentanddiewithoutastruggle.Howeverifyouthrowalobsterintothepotwhenthewaterisboilingitwilldesperatelytrytoescape.Thislobsterisnotlulledbyaslowlychangingenvironment.Itrealizesinstantlythatit’sinabadenvironmentandtakesimmediateactiontochangeitsstatus.Accordingtothispassagethe3MCompany’ssuccessliesinits______.
Everythingseemedtohavebecomeaweaponofwar.Ourenemieshad1themostfamiliarobjects2usturnedshavingkitsintoholstersandairplanes3missilesandsoccercoachesandnewlywedsintoinvoluntarysuicidebombers.Soitwas4thePresidentandhisgeneralstoplottheresponse. Thatisbecauseweare5oneenemybuttwo:oneunseentheotherinside.Terroronthisscale6towreckthewayweliveourlives-makeusflinchwhenasirensounds7whenadoorslamsandthinktwicebeforedeciding8wereallyhavetotakeaplane.Ifwefaltertheywin9theyneverplantanotherbomb.SoaftertheearlyhelplessnesswhatcanIdoI’vealreadygivenblood-peoplestartedtorealizethat10theycoulddowasexactlyaspreciselyaspossible11theywouldhavedoneifallthis12. Thatwasthespirit13inNewYorkandWashingtonandallacrossthecountryfaithandfearandresolveinatightbraid.Becausethekillerswhohateusdidthe14nothingisunthinkablenow.AplumeofgrillsmokeventingfromaManhattansteakhouse15theevacuationofmidtownofficetowers.AfterthePentagon16generalscalledtheirfamiliesandtoldthem17thewateritcouldbepoisoned.Salesofgunsandgasmasksspiked.TheNationalFootballLeague18itsgamesforthefirsttimeever;bombscaresemptied90sitesonThursdayinNewYorkCity19.Peopleworesneakerswiththeirsuits20theyhadtoflyfastdownthestairs. ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
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