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下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～5段各其中4段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第 27～30题要求从所给的4个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 ? ? ...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳
? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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Thedoctorsoonmadetheworriedpatientfeelcomfortable.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
Vegetarianism Astrictvegetarianisapersonwhoneverinhislifeeatsanythingderivedfromanimals.Themainobjectiontovegetarianismonalong-termbasisisthedifficultytogettingenoughproteinthebodybuildingelementsinfood.Ifyouhaveeverbeenwithoutmeatoranimalfoodsforsomedaysofweekssayreligiousreasonsyouwillhavenoticedthatyoutendtogetphysicallyratherweak.Youaregladwhenthefastisoverandyougetyourrewardofasucculentmeatmeal.Proteinsarebuiltupfromapproximatelytwentyfoodelementscalledamino-acidswhicharefoundmoreabundantlyinanimalproteinthaninvegetableprotein.Thismeansyouhavetoeatagreatdealmorevegetablethananimalfoodinordertogetenoughoftheseamino-acids.Agreatofthevegetablefoodgoestowasteinthisprocessandfromthephysiologicalpointofviewthereisnotmuchtobesaidinfavoroflife-longvegetarianism. Theeconomicsideofthequestionthoughmustbeconsidered.Vegetablefoodismuchcheaperthananimalfood.Howeversinceonlyasmallproportionofthevegetableproteinisusefulforbody-buildingpurposesaconsistentvegetarianifheistogainthenecessary70gramsofproteinadayhastoconsumeagreaterbulkoffoodthanhisdigestiveorganscancomfortablydealwith.Infairnessthoughitmustbepointedoutthatvegetariansclaimtheyneedfarlessthan70gramsofproteinaday. Whetherornotvegetarianismshouldbeadvocatedforadultsitisdefinitelyunsatisfactoryforgrowingchildrenwhoneedmoreproteinthantheycangetfromvegetablesource’’s.Alacto-vegetariandietwhichincludesmilkandmilkproductssuchascheesecanhoweverbesatisfactoryaslongasenoughmilkandmilkproductsareconsumed. Meatandcheesearethebestsourcesofusabledigestibleandnextcomemilkfishandeggs.Slowandcarefulcookingofmeatmakesitmoredigestibleandassistsinthebreakingdownoftheproteincontentbythebody.Whencookingvegetableshoweverthevitaminsandinparticularthewater-solubevitaminCshouldbelostthroughovercooking. Fromthepassageweknowthat______.
Aseismographisadevicedesignedtomeasurevibrationsoftheground.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
Starfishclingtostonesbythesuctionoftheirinnumerabletubefeet.
FluShotsOrNot? ItsoundedlikeagoodideawhenNewYorkCity’’smayorRudollphGiulianiadvisedNewYorkersrecentlytogetaflushot.Afterall20000Americanseachyeardieofinfluenza.Andthisyearinparticularthemayorsuggestedgettingaflushotmightbeanespeciallygoodideasinceitcouldhelpdoctorsdistinguishbetweenfluandthedeadlyinhalational吸入的formofanthrax炭疽.How?Bothanthraxandfluexhibitstrikinglysimilarsymptoms—feverchillsandmuscleaches—intheearlydaysoftheinfection.Physicianswouldbequicktosuspectanthraxinanyonewhowasvaccinated接种疫苗againstfluandstilldevelopedfeverandchills.Thatwouldgivethemabetterchancetoidentifyanynewvictimsofterrorwhiletheirinfectionwasstillinitsearliestmosttreatablestages. Orsothemayor’’sreasoningwent.Unfortunatelythereareacoupleofproblemswithhislogic.Foronethinggettingvaccinatedagainstinfluenzadoesn’tguaranteeyouwontgetsick.Althoughhighlyeffectivethefluvaccine疫苗protectsagainstonlythedominanttypesofthediseaseandeventhendoesnotprovide100%protection.Ittakesacoupleofweeksforyourbodytorespondtothevaccinewithasufficientnumberofantibodies抗体.EachyearthousandsofAmericanswhogetthevaccineneverthelessstillgettheflu. Therearealsoplentyofreasonsyoumightdevelopfeverchillsandmuscleachesthathavenothingtodowitheitheranthraxorflu.Indeeddoctorsestimatethatmorethan80%ofallflulikeillnesseseachwinterarecausedbyothergroupsofviruses.Gettingvaccinatedagainstflucantprotectyouagainstsufferingfromtheseotherillnesses. Intheworstcaseaskingallhealthyadultstogetvaccinatedcouldactuallyhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneintendedleadingtoevenmoredeathsifitmeanswerunoutofshotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.Alreadytherehavebeendelaysingettingthisyear’’sshipmentofvaccinetoclinicsanddoctors’’offices.Thosewhoshouldbeatthefrontofthelineincludefolkswhoare65oroldernursing-homeresidentsandadultsandchildrenwithchronichealthproblemsaswellasanyonewhocaresfororliveswithsuchpeople.FlushotsarealsoimportantformenandwomenwhoseimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIV艾滋病病毒orotherconditions. Thebestreasontogetthefluvaccineisthatitprotectsagainstmostflus—notthatyou’’reworriedaboutgettinganthrax.Whileinhalationalanthraxhaskilledonlyfivepeoplesofarmanymorecouldbeatriskfromflu-relatedcomplications.There’’snoneedtoworsenthetragedybymakingthisyear’’sinfluenzaepidemicanyworse. Someotherillnessesmayexhibitsymptomssimilartothoseoffluandanthrax.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ????????Supermarket’sNew Strategy{{/B}}??OnesupermarketinTokyohasmanagedtosolvethe problemsofshopliftingmistakesbycashiersandlonglinesofcustomers waitingatthecashregisters.ItisJapan’sadvancedcomputertechnologythat hascome{{U}}?51?{{/U}}withtheanswers.??Shoppersat anOKsupermarketontheoutskirtsofthecitynowpushacart{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}aplasticcardchainedtoitandbuyfromglasscaseswherethegoods areondisplay.Theplasticcardhasamagneticnumberimprintedonit.Each customercarrieshisorherowncardwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}atthe exit.Whileshoppingthecustomerpushesthecardintoaslotbesidewhichever itemsarewantedandpushesabuttonortwo.Theglasscoveredvendingmachines areconnectedtoacomputerthat{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thepriceofeveryitem inthestore.Pricesofeverypurchaseareaddedupautomatically.{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}shehasfinishedshoppingthecustomerhandshercardtoacashier who{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itintotheregister.Asecondlaterthe{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}popsout.??Shopliftingisphysically impossible.Onceyoutouchacommoditythecomputerremembersitnomatterhow youhideitor{{U}}?58?{{/U}}youeatitonthespot.??A cashierattheOKsupermarketisnowabletowork15timesfasterthanher{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}ataconventionalsupermarket.Onlytwocashiers{{U}} ?60?{{/U}}arerequiredatthestorewhich{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}2500separateitems.Onemanisenoughtokeepthevendingmachine filledbecausewheneverthestockforacertaincommodityis{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}torunoutaredlampinthecomputer-room{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}him.??Buttherearedisadvantagestoo:acustomer cannot{{U}}?64?{{/U}}hisorhermindaboutapurchase.Oncetouched theitemcannotbeputback.Thecustomermust{{U}}?65?{{/U}}acashier withitfirstandgetarefundlater.Therearealsonofreshvegetablesorfish onsale—everythingisprepackaged.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ????????Supermarket’sNew Strategy{{/B}}??OnesupermarketinTokyohasmanagedtosolvethe problemsofshopliftingmistakesbycashiersandlonglinesofcustomers waitingatthecashregisters.ItisJapan’sadvancedcomputertechnologythat hascome{{U}}?51?{{/U}}withtheanswers.??Shoppersat anOKsupermarketontheoutskirtsofthecitynowpushacart{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}aplasticcardchainedtoitandbuyfromglasscaseswherethegoods areondisplay.Theplasticcardhasamagneticnumberimprintedonit.Each customercarrieshisorherowncardwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}atthe exit.Whileshoppingthecustomerpushesthecardintoaslotbesidewhichever itemsarewantedandpushesabuttonortwo.Theglasscoveredvendingmachines areconnectedtoacomputerthat{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thepriceofeveryitem inthestore.Pricesofeverypurchaseareaddedupautomatically.{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}shehasfinishedshoppingthecustomerhandshercardtoacashier who{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itintotheregister.Asecondlaterthe{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}popsout.??Shopliftingisphysically impossible.Onceyoutouchacommoditythecomputerremembersitnomatterhow youhideitor{{U}}?58?{{/U}}youeatitonthespot.??A cashierattheOKsupermarketisnowabletowork15timesfasterthanher{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}ataconventionalsupermarket.Onlytwocashiers{{U}} ?60?{{/U}}arerequiredatthestorewhich{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}2500separateitems.Onemanisenoughtokeepthevendingmachine filledbecausewheneverthestockforacertaincommodityis{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}torunoutaredlampinthecomputer-room{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}him.??Buttherearedisadvantagestoo:acustomer cannot{{U}}?64?{{/U}}hisorhermindaboutapurchase.Oncetouched theitemcannotbeputback.Thecustomermust{{U}}?65?{{/U}}acashier withitfirstandgetarefundlater.Therearealsonofreshvegetablesorfish onsale—everythingisprepackaged.
ViceVaccines Atfirstglancevicevaccineslookjustgreat.Theseinjectionspromisetoinactivatedrugssuchascocaineheroinandnicotineinthebloodstreambeforetheyreachthebrain.Withoutthehitpeoplejustwon’’tcomebackformore. It’’struethatthesevaccinesarestillbeingdevelopedsotheirfullrisksandbenefitsarenotyetclear.Butallthesignsarethatforpeoplewhoareindangerofoverdosingorforaddictswhowanttogetthemselvescleanbutneedsomehelptoovercometheircravingthevaccineswillbeimmenselyvaluable. Butlikemanynewtechnologiestheyalsobringdifficultchoices.Willconvictedcriminalswhostealtofeedtheirdrughabitbeallowedbackontothestreetiftheyagreetobevaccinatedforexample?Couldajudgeevencompelthesepeopletobevaccinated? Perhapsthemostcontroversialdebatethatvicevaccineshaveraisediswhethertheyshouldbegivenroutinelytochildrenlikepolioormeaslesvaccines.Thisis.notadistantworry.Nosoonertheyhavefoundthemselvessubmergedwithrequestsfromworriedparentswhowanttheirchildrenvaccinated.Isthisreallywhatwewantforfuturegenerations? Foranysocietythatvaluespersonalfreedomtheanswerhastobeno.Peoplehavetherighttochoosehowtobehavewhetherit’’sgoodorbadlegalornot.Letnotignorethefactthatmillionsofpeopletakeillegaldrugsforpleasurewithoutbecomingaddicted.Administeringvicevaccineswillmeanthatyoungstersarenolongerfreetomakesuchchoicesforthemselves.ItwouldbelikeareturntoPleasantvile. Andrememberwe’’rejusttalkingaboutillegaldrugshere.Onevaccineunderdevelopmentactsagainstnicotineandifitsnicotinetodaywhynotcaffeinetomorrow?Society’’sattitudestodrugschange.Fortyyearsagosmokingwasfine.AcenturyagoAmericanshipoperatorsweregivingstevedores码头工人cocainetospeeduptheirwork. Likeitornotpeoplehavebeentakingmind-alteringchemicalssincebeforerecordedhistory.Eachvaccineactsonlyagainstaspecificdrugandstoppingpeoplegettinghighononedrugwillsimplypushthemtotakeothers—asaddictionresearchershavealreadyfound.Sodrugusewon’’tgoawaythedrugswilljustchange. Opposingthewidespreaduseofvicevaccinesforyoungstersisnottoadvocatedruguse.Byallmeansletvicevaccinessparkarevolutionindetox解毒clinics.Butwhenitcomestohelpingchildrendealwithdrugsthewaytohelpthemisthrougheducationensuringthattheycanfollowlifestylesthatareincompatiblewithdrugtakingandgivingthemthetoolstospotrisksandmakeinformedchoices. Theproblemofdrugabuseisboundupwithmodernsocietyincomplexways.Simplechemicalsolutionsareunlikelytoprovidethewholeanswer. Thispassageimpliesthat______.
ModernDrugs Doctorssixtyyearsagocoulddolittletohelpvictimsofpolio.Seriouscasesusuallyendedindeath.In1955avaccinewasdevelopedthatpreventedthedisease.Todaypolioisnolongeramajorhealthproblem. Manyofthemostimportantdrugsthatdoctorsprescribetodayhavebeendevelopedinthelast30years.Moderndrugsarecomplexspecificandpowerful.Peopleneedtoknowmoreaboutdrugsinordertousethemsafely. Earlypeoplediscoveredbyaccidentthatsomeoftheplantsgrowingaroundthemseemedusefultohealsoresrelievepainorevencurediseases.Theseplantswerethefirstdrugs.Nowplantsarestillthesourceofsomedrugs.Quinineforexampleisabitter-tastingdrugusedtotreatthechillsandfeverofmalariaandtoreduceattacksofthedisease.ItismadefromthebarkofthecinchonatreewhichgrowsintheAndesMountains.TheIndiansofthatregionwerethefirsttousethebarkasamedicine.TheSpanishpeopleprobablybroughtittoEuropeintheearly1600s.Chemistslearnedhowtogetthepuredrugfromthebarkandin1944;itwasmadeartificiallyinthelaboratory. Otherimportantdrugssuchashormonesandvaccinesareobtainedfromanimals.Butmostofthemoderndrugscomefromchemicalcombinationsworkedoutbyresearchscientists.Mostpeopleneverseedrugsintheirsimpleformaschemicals.Insteadtheyareseenastabletscapsulesorliquidsthatcontainthedrugandotheringredients. Peopleusedrugstogetdifferentresults.Somedrugsattacktheorganismthatcausesadisease.Theycurebykillingtheorganism.Otherdrugsrelievewhatwecallthesymptomsofthedisease:theheadachepainfeverorchillsandmakethepatientmorecomfortable.Theseconstitutemostover-the-counterdrugs.Peoplecangetthemindrugstores. Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ????????Supermarket’sNew Strategy{{/B}}??OnesupermarketinTokyohasmanagedtosolvethe problemsofshopliftingmistakesbycashiersandlonglinesofcustomers waitingatthecashregisters.ItisJapan’sadvancedcomputertechnologythat hascome{{U}}?51?{{/U}}withtheanswers.??Shoppersat anOKsupermarketontheoutskirtsofthecitynowpushacart{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}aplasticcardchainedtoitandbuyfromglasscaseswherethegoods areondisplay.Theplasticcardhasamagneticnumberimprintedonit.Each customercarrieshisorherowncardwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}atthe exit.Whileshoppingthecustomerpushesthecardintoaslotbesidewhichever itemsarewantedandpushesabuttonortwo.Theglasscoveredvendingmachines areconnectedtoacomputerthat{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thepriceofeveryitem inthestore.Pricesofeverypurchaseareaddedupautomatically.{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}shehasfinishedshoppingthecustomerhandshercardtoacashier who{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itintotheregister.Asecondlaterthe{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}popsout.??Shopliftingisphysically impossible.Onceyoutouchacommoditythecomputerremembersitnomatterhow youhideitor{{U}}?58?{{/U}}youeatitonthespot.??A cashierattheOKsupermarketisnowabletowork15timesfasterthanher{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}ataconventionalsupermarket.Onlytwocashiers{{U}} ?60?{{/U}}arerequiredatthestorewhich{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}2500separateitems.Onemanisenoughtokeepthevendingmachine filledbecausewheneverthestockforacertaincommodityis{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}torunoutaredlampinthecomputer-room{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}him.??Buttherearedisadvantagestoo:acustomer cannot{{U}}?64?{{/U}}hisorhermindaboutapurchase.Oncetouched theitemcannotbeputback.Thecustomermust{{U}}?65?{{/U}}acashier withitfirstandgetarefundlater.Therearealsonofreshvegetablesorfish onsale—everythingisprepackaged.
OneGoodReasontoLetSmallpoxLive It’’snowafairbetthatwewillneverseethetotalextinctionofthesmallpoxvirus.Theideawastocapthegloriousachievementof1980whensmallpoxwaseradicatedinthewildbydestroyingthekillervirusinthelasttwolabsthataresupposedtohaveit—oneintheUSandoneinRussia.Ifsmallpoxhadtrulygonefromtheplanetwhatpointwasthereinkeepingthesereserves? 【51】realityofcourseitwasnaiveto【52】thateveryonewouldlet【53】ofsuchapotentpotentialweapon.Undoubtedlyseveralnationsstillhave【54】vials.【55】thelastofficialstocksoflivevirusbredmistrustoftheUSandRussia【56】noobviousgain. NowAmericanresearchershave【57】ananimalmodelofthehumandiseaseopeningthe【58】fortestsonnewtreatmentsandvaccines.Soonceagainthere’’sagoodreasonto【59】thevirus—justin【60】thediseaseputsinareappearance. Howdowe【61】withthemistrustoftheUSandRussia?【62】.Keepthevirus【63】internationalauspicesinawell-guardedUNlaboratorythat’’sopentoallcountries.TheUSwillobjectofcoursejustasitrejectsamultilateralapproachtojustabouteverything.Butitdoesn’’t【64】theideaiswrong.Ifthevirus【65】usefulthenlet’’smakeittheservantofallhumanity——notjustapartofit. smallpoxn.天花 vialn.小瓶 auspicesn.赞助支持 capvt.结束覆盖 potentadj.有效力的强有力的 mistrustn.不信任怀疑
WecanrelyonJamestocarryoutthismissionforhisjudgementisalwayssound.
Electricalappliancessuchastoastersorhairdryersaredesignedtotakeadvantageoftheabilityofanelectriccurrenttoheatawire.
FluShotsOrNot? ItsoundedlikeagoodideawhenNewYorkCity’’smayorRudollphGiulianiadvisedNewYorkersrecentlytogetaflushot.Afterall20000Americanseachyeardieofinfluenza.Andthisyearinparticularthemayorsuggestedgettingaflushotmightbeanespeciallygoodideasinceitcouldhelpdoctorsdistinguishbetweenfluandthedeadlyinhalational吸入的formofanthrax炭疽.How?Bothanthraxandfluexhibitstrikinglysimilarsymptoms—feverchillsandmuscleaches—intheearlydaysoftheinfection.Physicianswouldbequicktosuspectanthraxinanyonewhowasvaccinated接种疫苗againstfluandstilldevelopedfeverandchills.Thatwouldgivethemabetterchancetoidentifyanynewvictimsofterrorwhiletheirinfectionwasstillinitsearliestmosttreatablestages. Orsothemayor’’sreasoningwent.Unfortunatelythereareacoupleofproblemswithhislogic.Foronethinggettingvaccinatedagainstinfluenzadoesn’tguaranteeyouwontgetsick.Althoughhighlyeffectivethefluvaccine疫苗protectsagainstonlythedominanttypesofthediseaseandeventhendoesnotprovide100%protection.Ittakesacoupleofweeksforyourbodytorespondtothevaccinewithasufficientnumberofantibodies抗体.EachyearthousandsofAmericanswhogetthevaccineneverthelessstillgettheflu. Therearealsoplentyofreasonsyoumightdevelopfeverchillsandmuscleachesthathavenothingtodowitheitheranthraxorflu.Indeeddoctorsestimatethatmorethan80%ofallflulikeillnesseseachwinterarecausedbyothergroupsofviruses.Gettingvaccinatedagainstflucantprotectyouagainstsufferingfromtheseotherillnesses. Intheworstcaseaskingallhealthyadultstogetvaccinatedcouldactuallyhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneintendedleadingtoevenmoredeathsifitmeanswerunoutofshotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.Alreadytherehavebeendelaysingettingthisyear’’sshipmentofvaccinetoclinicsanddoctors’’offices.Thosewhoshouldbeatthefrontofthelineincludefolkswhoare65oroldernursing-homeresidentsandadultsandchildrenwithchronichealthproblemsaswellasanyonewhocaresfororliveswithsuchpeople.FlushotsarealsoimportantformenandwomenwhoseimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIV艾滋病病毒orotherconditions. Thebestreasontogetthefluvaccineisthatitprotectsagainstmostflus—notthatyou’’reworriedaboutgettinganthrax.Whileinhalationalanthraxhaskilledonlyfivepeoplesofarmanymorecouldbeatriskfromflu-relatedcomplications.There’’snoneedtoworsenthetragedybymakingthisyear’’sinfluenzaepidemicanyworse. Peoplewhocareforthosemostvulnerabletotheinfluenzainfectionneedn’tgetflushots.
FluShotsOrNot? ItsoundedlikeagoodideawhenNewYorkCity’’smayorRudollphGiulianiadvisedNewYorkersrecentlytogetaflushot.Afterall20000Americanseachyeardieofinfluenza.Andthisyearinparticularthemayorsuggestedgettingaflushotmightbeanespeciallygoodideasinceitcouldhelpdoctorsdistinguishbetweenfluandthedeadlyinhalational吸入的formofanthrax炭疽.How?Bothanthraxandfluexhibitstrikinglysimilarsymptoms—feverchillsandmuscleaches—intheearlydaysoftheinfection.Physicianswouldbequicktosuspectanthraxinanyonewhowasvaccinated接种疫苗againstfluandstilldevelopedfeverandchills.Thatwouldgivethemabetterchancetoidentifyanynewvictimsofterrorwhiletheirinfectionwasstillinitsearliestmosttreatablestages. Orsothemayor’’sreasoningwent.Unfortunatelythereareacoupleofproblemswithhislogic.Foronethinggettingvaccinatedagainstinfluenzadoesn’tguaranteeyouwontgetsick.Althoughhighlyeffectivethefluvaccine疫苗protectsagainstonlythedominanttypesofthediseaseandeventhendoesnotprovide100%protection.Ittakesacoupleofweeksforyourbodytorespondtothevaccinewithasufficientnumberofantibodies抗体.EachyearthousandsofAmericanswhogetthevaccineneverthelessstillgettheflu. Therearealsoplentyofreasonsyoumightdevelopfeverchillsandmuscleachesthathavenothingtodowitheitheranthraxorflu.Indeeddoctorsestimatethatmorethan80%ofallflulikeillnesseseachwinterarecausedbyothergroupsofviruses.Gettingvaccinatedagainstflucantprotectyouagainstsufferingfromtheseotherillnesses. Intheworstcaseaskingallhealthyadultstogetvaccinatedcouldactuallyhavetheoppositeeffecttotheoneintendedleadingtoevenmoredeathsifitmeanswerunoutofshotsforthosewhoaremostvulnerabletotheinfection.Alreadytherehavebeendelaysingettingthisyear’’sshipmentofvaccinetoclinicsanddoctors’’offices.Thosewhoshouldbeatthefrontofthelineincludefolkswhoare65oroldernursing-homeresidentsandadultsandchildrenwithchronichealthproblemsaswellasanyonewhocaresfororliveswithsuchpeople.FlushotsarealsoimportantformenandwomenwhoseimmunesystemisweakenedbyHIV艾滋病病毒orotherconditions. Thebestreasontogetthefluvaccineisthatitprotectsagainstmostflus—notthatyou’’reworriedaboutgettinganthrax.Whileinhalationalanthraxhaskilledonlyfivepeoplesofarmanymorecouldbeatriskfromflu-relatedcomplications.There’’snoneedtoworsenthetragedybymakingthisyear’’sinfluenzaepidemicanyworse. Itisnoteasytotellanthraxfromfluintheearlydaysoftheinfection.
Throughaprocedureknownastime-sharingonelargecomputercanbeemployedsimultaneouslybylotsofsmallusers.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ????????Supermarket’sNew Strategy{{/B}}??OnesupermarketinTokyohasmanagedtosolvethe problemsofshopliftingmistakesbycashiersandlonglinesofcustomers waitingatthecashregisters.ItisJapan’sadvancedcomputertechnologythat hascome{{U}}?51?{{/U}}withtheanswers.??Shoppersat anOKsupermarketontheoutskirtsofthecitynowpushacart{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}aplasticcardchainedtoitandbuyfromglasscaseswherethegoods areondisplay.Theplasticcardhasamagneticnumberimprintedonit.Each customercarrieshisorherowncardwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}atthe exit.Whileshoppingthecustomerpushesthecardintoaslotbesidewhichever itemsarewantedandpushesabuttonortwo.Theglasscoveredvendingmachines areconnectedtoacomputerthat{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thepriceofeveryitem inthestore.Pricesofeverypurchaseareaddedupautomatically.{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}shehasfinishedshoppingthecustomerhandshercardtoacashier who{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itintotheregister.Asecondlaterthe{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}popsout.??Shopliftingisphysically impossible.Onceyoutouchacommoditythecomputerremembersitnomatterhow youhideitor{{U}}?58?{{/U}}youeatitonthespot.??A cashierattheOKsupermarketisnowabletowork15timesfasterthanher{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}ataconventionalsupermarket.Onlytwocashiers{{U}} ?60?{{/U}}arerequiredatthestorewhich{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}2500separateitems.Onemanisenoughtokeepthevendingmachine filledbecausewheneverthestockforacertaincommodityis{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}torunoutaredlampinthecomputer-room{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}him.??Buttherearedisadvantagestoo:acustomer cannot{{U}}?64?{{/U}}hisorhermindaboutapurchase.Oncetouched theitemcannotbeputback.Thecustomermust{{U}}?65?{{/U}}acashier withitfirstandgetarefundlater.Therearealsonofreshvegetablesorfish onsale—everythingisprepackaged.
Vegetarianism Astrictvegetarianisapersonwhoneverinhislifeeatsanythingderivedfromanimals.Themainobjectiontovegetarianismonalong-termbasisisthedifficultytogettingenoughproteinthebodybuildingelementsinfood.Ifyouhaveeverbeenwithoutmeatoranimalfoodsforsomedaysofweekssayreligiousreasonsyouwillhavenoticedthatyoutendtogetphysicallyratherweak.Youaregladwhenthefastisoverandyougetyourrewardofasucculentmeatmeal.Proteinsarebuiltupfromapproximatelytwentyfoodelementscalledamino-acidswhicharefoundmoreabundantlyinanimalproteinthaninvegetableprotein.Thismeansyouhavetoeatagreatdealmorevegetablethananimalfoodinordertogetenoughoftheseamino-acids.Agreatofthevegetablefoodgoestowasteinthisprocessandfromthephysiologicalpointofviewthereisnotmuchtobesaidinfavoroflife-longvegetarianism. Theeconomicsideofthequestionthoughmustbeconsidered.Vegetablefoodismuchcheaperthananimalfood.Howeversinceonlyasmallproportionofthevegetableproteinisusefulforbody-buildingpurposesaconsistentvegetarianifheistogainthenecessary70gramsofproteinadayhastoconsumeagreaterbulkoffoodthanhisdigestiveorganscancomfortablydealwith.Infairnessthoughitmustbepointedoutthatvegetariansclaimtheyneedfarlessthan70gramsofproteinaday. Whetherornotvegetarianismshouldbeadvocatedforadultsitisdefinitelyunsatisfactoryforgrowingchildrenwhoneedmoreproteinthantheycangetfromvegetablesource’’s.Alacto-vegetariandietwhichincludesmilkandmilkproductssuchascheesecanhoweverbesatisfactoryaslongasenoughmilkandmilkproductsareconsumed. Meatandcheesearethebestsourcesofusabledigestibleandnextcomemilkfishandeggs.Slowandcarefulcookingofmeatmakesitmoredigestibleandassistsinthebreakingdownoftheproteincontentbythebody.Whencookingvegetableshoweverthevitaminsandinparticularthewater-solubevitaminCshouldbelostthroughovercooking. Comparedwithvegetablefoodanimalfoodcontains______.
MylittledaughterkeptpullingmyhairandIwasreallyannoyed.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ????????Supermarket’sNew Strategy{{/B}}??OnesupermarketinTokyohasmanagedtosolvethe problemsofshopliftingmistakesbycashiersandlonglinesofcustomers waitingatthecashregisters.ItisJapan’sadvancedcomputertechnologythat hascome{{U}}?51?{{/U}}withtheanswers.??Shoppersat anOKsupermarketontheoutskirtsofthecitynowpushacart{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}aplasticcardchainedtoitandbuyfromglasscaseswherethegoods areondisplay.Theplasticcardhasamagneticnumberimprintedonit.Each customercarrieshisorherowncardwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}atthe exit.Whileshoppingthecustomerpushesthecardintoaslotbesidewhichever itemsarewantedandpushesabuttonortwo.Theglasscoveredvendingmachines areconnectedtoacomputerthat{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thepriceofeveryitem inthestore.Pricesofeverypurchaseareaddedupautomatically.{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}shehasfinishedshoppingthecustomerhandshercardtoacashier who{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itintotheregister.Asecondlaterthe{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}popsout.??Shopliftingisphysically impossible.Onceyoutouchacommoditythecomputerremembersitnomatterhow youhideitor{{U}}?58?{{/U}}youeatitonthespot.??A cashierattheOKsupermarketisnowabletowork15timesfasterthanher{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}ataconventionalsupermarket.Onlytwocashiers{{U}} ?60?{{/U}}arerequiredatthestorewhich{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}2500separateitems.Onemanisenoughtokeepthevendingmachine filledbecausewheneverthestockforacertaincommodityis{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}torunoutaredlampinthecomputer-room{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}him.??Buttherearedisadvantagestoo:acustomer cannot{{U}}?64?{{/U}}hisorhermindaboutapurchase.Oncetouched theitemcannotbeputback.Thecustomermust{{U}}?65?{{/U}}acashier withitfirstandgetarefundlater.Therearealsonofreshvegetablesorfish onsale—everythingisprepackaged.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ????????Supermarket’sNew Strategy{{/B}}??OnesupermarketinTokyohasmanagedtosolvethe problemsofshopliftingmistakesbycashiersandlonglinesofcustomers waitingatthecashregisters.ItisJapan’sadvancedcomputertechnologythat hascome{{U}}?51?{{/U}}withtheanswers.??Shoppersat anOKsupermarketontheoutskirtsofthecitynowpushacart{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}aplasticcardchainedtoitandbuyfromglasscaseswherethegoods areondisplay.Theplasticcardhasamagneticnumberimprintedonit.Each customercarrieshisorherowncardwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}atthe exit.Whileshoppingthecustomerpushesthecardintoaslotbesidewhichever itemsarewantedandpushesabuttonortwo.Theglasscoveredvendingmachines areconnectedtoacomputerthat{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thepriceofeveryitem inthestore.Pricesofeverypurchaseareaddedupautomatically.{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}shehasfinishedshoppingthecustomerhandshercardtoacashier who{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itintotheregister.Asecondlaterthe{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}popsout.??Shopliftingisphysically impossible.Onceyoutouchacommoditythecomputerremembersitnomatterhow youhideitor{{U}}?58?{{/U}}youeatitonthespot.??A cashierattheOKsupermarketisnowabletowork15timesfasterthanher{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}ataconventionalsupermarket.Onlytwocashiers{{U}} ?60?{{/U}}arerequiredatthestorewhich{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}2500separateitems.Onemanisenoughtokeepthevendingmachine filledbecausewheneverthestockforacertaincommodityis{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}torunoutaredlampinthecomputer-room{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}him.??Buttherearedisadvantagestoo:acustomer cannot{{U}}?64?{{/U}}hisorhermindaboutapurchase.Oncetouched theitemcannotbeputback.Thecustomermust{{U}}?65?{{/U}}acashier withitfirstandgetarefundlater.Therearealsonofreshvegetablesorfish onsale—everythingisprepackaged.
ModernDrugs Doctorssixtyyearsagocoulddolittletohelpvictimsofpolio.Seriouscasesusuallyendedindeath.In1955avaccinewasdevelopedthatpreventedthedisease.Todaypolioisnolongeramajorhealthproblem. Manyofthemostimportantdrugsthatdoctorsprescribetodayhavebeendevelopedinthelast30years.Moderndrugsarecomplexspecificandpowerful.Peopleneedtoknowmoreaboutdrugsinordertousethemsafely. Earlypeoplediscoveredbyaccidentthatsomeoftheplantsgrowingaroundthemseemedusefultohealsoresrelievepainorevencurediseases.Theseplantswerethefirstdrugs.Nowplantsarestillthesourceofsomedrugs.Quinineforexampleisabitter-tastingdrugusedtotreatthechillsandfeverofmalariaandtoreduceattacksofthedisease.ItismadefromthebarkofthecinchonatreewhichgrowsintheAndesMountains.TheIndiansofthatregionwerethefirsttousethebarkasamedicine.TheSpanishpeopleprobablybroughtittoEuropeintheearly1600s.Chemistslearnedhowtogetthepuredrugfromthebarkandin1944;itwasmadeartificiallyinthelaboratory. Otherimportantdrugssuchashormonesandvaccinesareobtainedfromanimals.Butmostofthemoderndrugscomefromchemicalcombinationsworkedoutbyresearchscientists.Mostpeopleneverseedrugsintheirsimpleformaschemicals.Insteadtheyareseenastabletscapsulesorliquidsthatcontainthedrugandotheringredients. Peopleusedrugstogetdifferentresults.Somedrugsattacktheorganismthatcausesadisease.Theycurebykillingtheorganism.Otherdrugsrelievewhatwecallthesymptomsofthedisease:theheadachepainfeverorchillsandmakethepatientmorecomfortable.Theseconstitutemostover-the-counterdrugs.Peoplecangetthemindrugstores. ConcerningthedrugquininewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ????????Supermarket’sNew Strategy{{/B}}??OnesupermarketinTokyohasmanagedtosolvethe problemsofshopliftingmistakesbycashiersandlonglinesofcustomers waitingatthecashregisters.ItisJapan’sadvancedcomputertechnologythat hascome{{U}}?51?{{/U}}withtheanswers.??Shoppersat anOKsupermarketontheoutskirtsofthecitynowpushacart{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}aplasticcardchainedtoitandbuyfromglasscaseswherethegoods areondisplay.Theplasticcardhasamagneticnumberimprintedonit.Each customercarrieshisorherowncardwhichis{{U}}?53?{{/U}}atthe exit.Whileshoppingthecustomerpushesthecardintoaslotbesidewhichever itemsarewantedandpushesabuttonortwo.Theglasscoveredvendingmachines areconnectedtoacomputerthat{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thepriceofeveryitem inthestore.Pricesofeverypurchaseareaddedupautomatically.{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}shehasfinishedshoppingthecustomerhandshercardtoacashier who{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itintotheregister.Asecondlaterthe{{U}} ?57?{{/U}}popsout.??Shopliftingisphysically impossible.Onceyoutouchacommoditythecomputerremembersitnomatterhow youhideitor{{U}}?58?{{/U}}youeatitonthespot.??A cashierattheOKsupermarketisnowabletowork15timesfasterthanher{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}ataconventionalsupermarket.Onlytwocashiers{{U}} ?60?{{/U}}arerequiredatthestorewhich{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}2500separateitems.Onemanisenoughtokeepthevendingmachine filledbecausewheneverthestockforacertaincommodityis{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}torunoutaredlampinthecomputer-room{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}him.??Buttherearedisadvantagestoo:acustomer cannot{{U}}?64?{{/U}}hisorhermindaboutapurchase.Oncetouched theitemcannotbeputback.Thecustomermust{{U}}?65?{{/U}}acashier withitfirstandgetarefundlater.Therearealsonofreshvegetablesorfish onsale—everythingisprepackaged.
ModernDrugs Doctorssixtyyearsagocoulddolittletohelpvictimsofpolio.Seriouscasesusuallyendedindeath.In1955avaccinewasdevelopedthatpreventedthedisease.Todaypolioisnolongeramajorhealthproblem. Manyofthemostimportantdrugsthatdoctorsprescribetodayhavebeendevelopedinthelast30years.Moderndrugsarecomplexspecificandpowerful.Peopleneedtoknowmoreaboutdrugsinordertousethemsafely. Earlypeoplediscoveredbyaccidentthatsomeoftheplantsgrowingaroundthemseemedusefultohealsoresrelievepainorevencurediseases.Theseplantswerethefirstdrugs.Nowplantsarestillthesourceofsomedrugs.Quinineforexampleisabitter-tastingdrugusedtotreatthechillsandfeverofmalariaandtoreduceattacksofthedisease.ItismadefromthebarkofthecinchonatreewhichgrowsintheAndesMountains.TheIndiansofthatregionwerethefirsttousethebarkasamedicine.TheSpanishpeopleprobablybroughtittoEuropeintheearly1600s.Chemistslearnedhowtogetthepuredrugfromthebarkandin1944;itwasmadeartificiallyinthelaboratory. Otherimportantdrugssuchashormonesandvaccinesareobtainedfromanimals.Butmostofthemoderndrugscomefromchemicalcombinationsworkedoutbyresearchscientists.Mostpeopleneverseedrugsintheirsimpleformaschemicals.Insteadtheyareseenastabletscapsulesorliquidsthatcontainthedrugandotheringredients. Peopleusedrugstogetdifferentresults.Somedrugsattacktheorganismthatcausesadisease.Theycurebykillingtheorganism.Otherdrugsrelievewhatwecallthesymptomsofthedisease:theheadachepainfeverorchillsandmakethepatientmorecomfortable.Theseconstitutemostover-the-counterdrugs.Peoplecangetthemindrugstores. Theover-the-counterdrugsarethosethat______.
ViceVaccines Atfirstglancevicevaccineslookjustgreat.Theseinjectionspromisetoinactivatedrugssuchascocaineheroinandnicotineinthebloodstreambeforetheyreachthebrain.Withoutthehitpeoplejustwon’’tcomebackformore. It’’struethatthesevaccinesarestillbeingdevelopedsotheirfullrisksandbenefitsarenotyetclear.Butallthesignsarethatforpeoplewhoareindangerofoverdosingorforaddictswhowanttogetthemselvescleanbutneedsomehelptoovercometheircravingthevaccineswillbeimmenselyvaluable. Butlikemanynewtechnologiestheyalsobringdifficultchoices.Willconvictedcriminalswhostealtofeedtheirdrughabitbeallowedbackontothestreetiftheyagreetobevaccinatedforexample?Couldajudgeevencompelthesepeopletobevaccinated? Perhapsthemostcontroversialdebatethatvicevaccineshaveraisediswhethertheyshouldbegivenroutinelytochildrenlikepolioormeaslesvaccines.Thisis.notadistantworry.Nosoonertheyhavefoundthemselvessubmergedwithrequestsfromworriedparentswhowanttheirchildrenvaccinated.Isthisreallywhatwewantforfuturegenerations? Foranysocietythatvaluespersonalfreedomtheanswerhastobeno.Peoplehavetherighttochoosehowtobehavewhetherit’’sgoodorbadlegalornot.Letnotignorethefactthatmillionsofpeopletakeillegaldrugsforpleasurewithoutbecomingaddicted.Administeringvicevaccineswillmeanthatyoungstersarenolongerfreetomakesuchchoicesforthemselves.ItwouldbelikeareturntoPleasantvile. Andrememberwe’’rejusttalkingaboutillegaldrugshere.Onevaccineunderdevelopmentactsagainstnicotineandifitsnicotinetodaywhynotcaffeinetomorrow?Society’’sattitudestodrugschange.Fortyyearsagosmokingwasfine.AcenturyagoAmericanshipoperatorsweregivingstevedores码头工人cocainetospeeduptheirwork. Likeitornotpeoplehavebeentakingmind-alteringchemicalssincebeforerecordedhistory.Eachvaccineactsonlyagainstaspecificdrugandstoppingpeoplegettinghighononedrugwillsimplypushthemtotakeothers—asaddictionresearchershavealreadyfound.Sodrugusewon’’tgoawaythedrugswilljustchange. Opposingthewidespreaduseofvicevaccinesforyoungstersisnottoadvocatedruguse.Byallmeansletvicevaccinessparkarevolutionindetox解毒clinics.Butwhenitcomestohelpingchildrendealwithdrugsthewaytohelpthemisthrougheducationensuringthattheycanfollowlifestylesthatareincompatiblewithdrugtakingandgivingthemthetoolstospotrisksandmakeinformedchoices. Theproblemofdrugabuseisboundupwithmodernsocietyincomplexways.Simplechemicalsolutionsareunlikelytoprovidethewholeanswer. Accordingtothewriteroneofthedisadvantagesofvicevaccineisthat______.
Hehasthoughtoutthebestwayofsavingoilforyourcar.
ViceVaccines Atfirstglancevicevaccineslookjustgreat.Theseinjectionspromisetoinactivatedrugssuchascocaineheroinandnicotineinthebloodstreambeforetheyreachthebrain.Withoutthehitpeoplejustwon’’tcomebackformore. It’’struethatthesevaccinesarestillbeingdevelopedsotheirfullrisksandbenefitsarenotyetclear.Butallthesignsarethatforpeoplewhoareindangerofoverdosingorforaddictswhowanttogetthemselvescleanbutneedsomehelptoovercometheircravingthevaccineswillbeimmenselyvaluable. Butlikemanynewtechnologiestheyalsobringdifficultchoices.Willconvictedcriminalswhostealtofeedtheirdrughabitbeallowedbackontothestreetiftheyagreetobevaccinatedforexample?Couldajudgeevencompelthesepeopletobevaccinated? Perhapsthemostcontroversialdebatethatvicevaccineshaveraisediswhethertheyshouldbegivenroutinelytochildrenlikepolioormeaslesvaccines.Thisis.notadistantworry.Nosoonertheyhavefoundthemselvessubmergedwithrequestsfromworriedparentswhowanttheirchildrenvaccinated.Isthisreallywhatwewantforfuturegenerations? Foranysocietythatvaluespersonalfreedomtheanswerhastobeno.Peoplehavetherighttochoosehowtobehavewhetherit’’sgoodorbadlegalornot.Letnotignorethefactthatmillionsofpeopletakeillegaldrugsforpleasurewithoutbecomingaddicted.Administeringvicevaccineswillmeanthatyoungstersarenolongerfreetomakesuchchoicesforthemselves.ItwouldbelikeareturntoPleasantvile. Andrememberwe’’rejusttalkingaboutillegaldrugshere.Onevaccineunderdevelopmentactsagainstnicotineandifitsnicotinetodaywhynotcaffeinetomorrow?Society’’sattitudestodrugschange.Fortyyearsagosmokingwasfine.AcenturyagoAmericanshipoperatorsweregivingstevedores码头工人cocainetospeeduptheirwork. Likeitornotpeoplehavebeentakingmind-alteringchemicalssincebeforerecordedhistory.Eachvaccineactsonlyagainstaspecificdrugandstoppingpeoplegettinghighononedrugwillsimplypushthemtotakeothers—asaddictionresearchershavealreadyfound.Sodrugusewon’’tgoawaythedrugswilljustchange. Opposingthewidespreaduseofvicevaccinesforyoungstersisnottoadvocatedruguse.Byallmeansletvicevaccinessparkarevolutionindetox解毒clinics.Butwhenitcomestohelpingchildrendealwithdrugsthewaytohelpthemisthrougheducationensuringthattheycanfollowlifestylesthatareincompatiblewithdrugtakingandgivingthemthetoolstospotrisksandmakeinformedchoices. Theproblemofdrugabuseisboundupwithmodernsocietyincomplexways.Simplechemicalsolutionsareunlikelytoprovidethewholeanswer. Thewordhitinthefirstparagraphrefersto______.
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