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For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters...
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三阅读共两节满分40分第一节阅读下面短文从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出最佳选项并把答案写在
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根据短文内容和首字母提示在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整每空一词Todaywehavemanyw_
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Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
ItriedphoningherofficebutIcouldn't______.
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Formanyyearspeopleelectriccars.Howevermakingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthatpredicted.
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Atthetimefriendsvisitusintheeveningtheyoftentellustheyareinahurryandlookattheirwatches.Itisn’tthatourfriendsareallverybusy;itisjustthatwehaven’tgotatelevision.Peoplethinkthatweareverystrange.Butwhatdoyoudointheeveningtheyarealwaysasking.Theanswerisverysimple.BothmywifeandIhavehobbies.Wecertainlydon’tspendoureveningslookingatthewalls.Mywifeenjoyscookingandpaintingandoftenattendseveningclassesinforeignlanguages.Thisisquiteusefulasweoftengoabroadforourholidays.IcollectstampsandI’malwaysbusywithmycollection.Bothofusenjoylisteningtothemusicandplayingchesstogether.Sometimestherearepowercutsandwehavenoelectricityinthehouse.Thisdoesnotworryusandwejustlightcandlesandcarryonwithwhatweweredoingbefore.Ourfriendshoweverarelost—notelevision!—Sotheydon’tknowwhattodo.Onsucheveningsourhouseisveryfullfortheyallcometous.Theyallhaveagoodtime.Insteadofsittinginsilenceinfrontofthetelevisioneverybodytalksandplaysgames.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.
fromthetopofthetowerthesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.
Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish. 遇到困难的时候我们需要的不是彼此埋怨而是相互帮助
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
近来你们学校正准备创建和申报省绿色学校请你据此给某英文报写一篇短文内容包括1建设绿色校园的重要性2绿色校园不仅是指绿色的环境3为了建设绿色校园我们应该注意1词数100左右2可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯3开头语已为你写好不计入总词数Recentlyourschoolisaimingatbuildingagreencampus.Whatisagreenschool
Nodecision______aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.
ItisprobablyeasierforteachersthanforstudentstoappreciatethereasonswhylearningEnglishseemstobecomeincreasinglydifficultoncethebasicstructuresandpatternsofthelanguagehavebeenunderstood．
Atthetimefriendsvisitusintheeveningtheyoftentellustheyareinahurryandlookattheirwatches.Itisn’tthatourfriendsareallverybusy;itisjustthatwehaven’tgotatelevision.Peoplethinkthatweareverystrange.Butwhatdoyoudointheeveningtheyarealwaysasking.Theanswerisverysimple.BothmywifeandIhavehobbies.Wecertainlydon’tspendoureveningslookingatthewalls.Mywifeenjoyscookingandpaintingandoftenattendseveningclassesinforeignlanguages.Thisisquiteusefulasweoftengoabroadforourholidays.IcollectstampsandI’malwaysbusywithmycollection.Bothofusenjoylisteningtothemusicandplayingchesstogether.Sometimestherearepowercutsandwehavenoelectricityinthehouse.Thisdoesnotworryusandwejustlightcandlesandcarryonwithwhatweweredoingbefore.Ourfriendshoweverarelost—notelevision!—Sotheydon’tknowwhattodo.Onsucheveningsourhouseisveryfullfortheyallcometous.Theyallhaveagoodtime.Insteadofsittinginsilenceinfrontofthetelevisioneverybodytalksandplaysgames.Thecouplehavenotgotatelevisionbecause______.
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Dutyisanactoracourseofactionthatpeopleyoutotakebysocialcustomslaworreligion.
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
EddieMcKayaonceforgottenpilotisasubjectofgreatinteresttoagroupofhistorystudentsinCanada.ItallstartedwhenGrahamBroadaprofessorattheUniversityofWesternOntariofoundMcKay’snameinafootnoteinabookaboutuniversityhistory.MckaywasincludedinalistofuniversityalumniwhohadservedduringtheFirstWorldWarbuthisnamewasunfamiliartoBroadaspecialistinmilitaryhistory.OutofcuriosityBroadspenthoursatthelocalarchivesinafruitlesssearchforinformationonMcKay.Tiredanddiscouragedhefinallygaveup.OnhiswayoutBroad’sglancehappenedtofallonanexhibitingcaseshowingsomeoldnewspapers.Hiseyewasdrawntoanoldpictureofayoungmaninarugbyuniform.Ashereadthewordsbesidethepictureheexperiencedathrillingrealization.AfterlookingforhimalldaytherehewasstaringupatmeoutoftheexhibitingcasesaidBroad.ExcitedbythefindBroadaskedhisstudentstocontinuehissearch.Theycombedoldnewspapersandothermaterialsforclues.Graduallyapicturecameintoview.CaptainAlfredEdwinMcKayjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorpsin1916.HedownedtenenemyplanesoutlivedhisentiresquadronasaWW1flyerspentsometimeasaflyinginstructorinEnglandthenreturnedtothefrontwherehewaseventuallyshotdownoverBelgiumandkilledinDecember1917.Butthere’smoretohisstory.Forabrieftimein1916hewasprobablythemostfamouspilotintheworldsaysBroad.HewascreditedwithdowningOswaldBoelckethemostfamousGermanpilotatthetime.YetinaletterhomeMcKayrefusedtotakecreditsayingthatBoelckehadactuallycrashedintoanotherGermanplane.McKay’swarrecordsweredestroyedduringWorldWarTwoairbombingonLondon-anexplanationforwhyhewasallbutforgotten.ButnowthankstotheeffortsofBroadandhisstudentsamarkerinMcKay’smemorywasplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword’deceased’nexttohisnamesaidCoreyEverrettastudentwhofoundapictureofMckayinhisuniform.ThiswassuchasimpleexampleofthefactthathehadbeenastudentjustlikeusbutinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWesternhechosetofightanddieforhiscountry./Whatisthetextmainlyabout
Thissubjectis______thanthatone.
WilliamSidneyPorterknownasO.Henryismostfamousfor______.
Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.据报道这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素
Atthetimefriendsvisitusintheeveningtheyoftentellustheyareinahurryandlookattheirwatches.Itisn’tthatourfriendsareallverybusy;itisjustthatwehaven’tgotatelevision.Peoplethinkthatweareverystrange.Butwhatdoyoudointheeveningtheyarealwaysasking.Theanswerisverysimple.BothmywifeandIhavehobbies.Wecertainlydon’tspendoureveningslookingatthewalls.Mywifeenjoyscookingandpaintingandoftenattendseveningclassesinforeignlanguages.Thisisquiteusefulasweoftengoabroadforourholidays.IcollectstampsandI’malwaysbusywithmycollection.Bothofusenjoylisteningtothemusicandplayingchesstogether.Sometimestherearepowercutsandwehavenoelectricityinthehouse.Thisdoesnotworryusandwejustlightcandlesandcarryonwithwhatweweredoingbefore.Ourfriendshoweverarelost—notelevision!—Sotheydon’tknowwhattodo.Onsucheveningsourhouseisveryfullfortheyallcometous.Theyallhaveagoodtime.Insteadofsittinginsilenceinfrontofthetelevisioneverybodytalksandplaysgames.Atnightwhenthereisnoelectricitythecouple______.
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthatwhoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowonhighunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.ShouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenormShouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletoworkShouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselvesratherthanforanemployerShouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodaswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentersofproductionandworkTheindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanendandsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemploymentasitshistoryshowshasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseofthelandandthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Laterastransportimprovedfirstbyrailandthenbyroadpeoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntileventuallymanypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpreindustrialtimesmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemploymentleavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofworkyoungpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnowasmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalcrea-tingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasafactorcontributingtothespreadofemployment
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
EddieMcKayaonceforgottenpilotisasubjectofgreatinteresttoagroupofhistorystudentsinCanada.ItallstartedwhenGrahamBroadaprofessorattheUniversityofWesternOntariofoundMcKay’snameinafootnoteinabookaboutuniversityhistory.MckaywasincludedinalistofuniversityalumniwhohadservedduringtheFirstWorldWarbuthisnamewasunfamiliartoBroadaspecialistinmilitaryhistory.OutofcuriosityBroadspenthoursatthelocalarchivesinafruitlesssearchforinformationonMcKay.Tiredanddiscouragedhefinallygaveup.OnhiswayoutBroad’sglancehappenedtofallonanexhibitingcaseshowingsomeoldnewspapers.Hiseyewasdrawntoanoldpictureofayoungmaninarugbyuniform.Ashereadthewordsbesidethepictureheexperiencedathrillingrealization.AfterlookingforhimalldaytherehewasstaringupatmeoutoftheexhibitingcasesaidBroad.ExcitedbythefindBroadaskedhisstudentstocontinuehissearch.Theycombedoldnewspapersandothermaterialsforclues.Graduallyapicturecameintoview.CaptainAlfredEdwinMcKayjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorpsin1916.HedownedtenenemyplanesoutlivedhisentiresquadronasaWW1flyerspentsometimeasaflyinginstructorinEnglandthenreturnedtothefrontwherehewaseventuallyshotdownoverBelgiumandkilledinDecember1917.Butthere’smoretohisstory.Forabrieftimein1916hewasprobablythemostfamouspilotintheworldsaysBroad.HewascreditedwithdowningOswaldBoelckethemostfamousGermanpilotatthetime.YetinaletterhomeMcKayrefusedtotakecreditsayingthatBoelckehadactuallycrashedintoanotherGermanplane.McKay’swarrecordsweredestroyedduringWorldWarTwoairbombingonLondon-anexplanationforwhyhewasallbutforgotten.ButnowthankstotheeffortsofBroadandhisstudentsamarkerinMcKay’smemorywasplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword’deceased’nexttohisnamesaidCoreyEverrettastudentwhofoundapictureofMckayinhisuniform.ThiswassuchasimpleexampleofthefactthathehadbeenastudentjustlikeusbutinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWesternhechosetofightanddieforhiscountry./WhatmadeProfessorBroadcontinuehissearchformoreinformationonMcKay
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
EddieMcKayaonceforgottenpilotisasubjectofgreatinteresttoagroupofhistorystudentsinCanada.ItallstartedwhenGrahamBroadaprofessorattheUniversityofWesternOntariofoundMcKay’snameinafootnoteinabookaboutuniversityhistory.MckaywasincludedinalistofuniversityalumniwhohadservedduringtheFirstWorldWarbuthisnamewasunfamiliartoBroadaspecialistinmilitaryhistory.OutofcuriosityBroadspenthoursatthelocalarchivesinafruitlesssearchforinformationonMcKay.Tiredanddiscouragedhefinallygaveup.OnhiswayoutBroad’sglancehappenedtofallonanexhibitingcaseshowingsomeoldnewspapers.Hiseyewasdrawntoanoldpictureofayoungmaninarugbyuniform.Ashereadthewordsbesidethepictureheexperiencedathrillingrealization.AfterlookingforhimalldaytherehewasstaringupatmeoutoftheexhibitingcasesaidBroad.ExcitedbythefindBroadaskedhisstudentstocontinuehissearch.Theycombedoldnewspapersandothermaterialsforclues.Graduallyapicturecameintoview.CaptainAlfredEdwinMcKayjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorpsin1916.HedownedtenenemyplanesoutlivedhisentiresquadronasaWW1flyerspentsometimeasaflyinginstructorinEnglandthenreturnedtothefrontwherehewaseventuallyshotdownoverBelgiumandkilledinDecember1917.Butthere’smoretohisstory.Forabrieftimein1916hewasprobablythemostfamouspilotintheworldsaysBroad.HewascreditedwithdowningOswaldBoelckethemostfamousGermanpilotatthetime.YetinaletterhomeMcKayrefusedtotakecreditsayingthatBoelckehadactuallycrashedintoanotherGermanplane.McKay’swarrecordsweredestroyedduringWorldWarTwoairbombingonLondon-anexplanationforwhyhewasallbutforgotten.ButnowthankstotheeffortsofBroadandhisstudentsamarkerinMcKay’smemorywasplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword’deceased’nexttohisnamesaidCoreyEverrettastudentwhofoundapictureofMckayinhisuniform.ThiswassuchasimpleexampleofthefactthathehadbeenastudentjustlikeusbutinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWesternhechosetofightanddieforhiscountry./McKay’sflyingdocumentsweredestroyedin______.
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthatwhoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowonhighunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.ShouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenormShouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletoworkShouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselvesratherthanforanemployerShouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodaswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentersofproductionandworkTheindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanendandsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemploymentasitshistoryshowshasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseofthelandandthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Laterastransportimprovedfirstbyrailandthenbyroadpeoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntileventuallymanypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpreindustrialtimesmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemploymentleavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofworkyoungpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnowasmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalcrea-tingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.Whatdoestheworddauntinginthethirdparagraphmean
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