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For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters...
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三阅读共两节满分40分第一节阅读下面短文从每题所给的A.B.C.D四个选项中选出最佳选项并把答案写在
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
根据短文内容和首字母提示在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整每空一词Todaywehavemanyw_
Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
Readingisveryimportant.WorldBookDayfallsonApril23e
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Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisi
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Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
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EddieMcKayaonceforgottenpilotisasubjectofgreatinteresttoagroupofhistorystudentsinCanada.ItallstartedwhenGrahamBroadaprofessorattheUniversityofWesternOntariofoundMcKay’snameinafootnoteinabookaboutuniversityhistory.MckaywasincludedinalistofuniversityalumniwhohadservedduringtheFirstWorldWarbuthisnamewasunfamiliartoBroadaspecialistinmilitaryhistory.OutofcuriosityBroadspenthoursatthelocalarchivesinafruitlesssearchforinformationonMcKay.Tiredanddiscouragedhefinallygaveup.OnhiswayoutBroad’sglancehappenedtofallonanexhibitingcaseshowingsomeoldnewspapers.Hiseyewasdrawntoanoldpictureofayoungmaninarugbyuniform.Ashereadthewordsbesidethepictureheexperiencedathrillingrealization.AfterlookingforhimalldaytherehewasstaringupatmeoutoftheexhibitingcasesaidBroad.ExcitedbythefindBroadaskedhisstudentstocontinuehissearch.Theycombedoldnewspapersandothermaterialsforclues.Graduallyapicturecameintoview.CaptainAlfredEdwinMcKayjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorpsin1916.HedownedtenenemyplanesoutlivedhisentiresquadronasaWW1flyerspentsometimeasaflyinginstructorinEnglandthenreturnedtothefrontwherehewaseventuallyshotdownoverBelgiumandkilledinDecember1917.Butthere’smoretohisstory.Forabrieftimein1916hewasprobablythemostfamouspilotintheworldsaysBroad.HewascreditedwithdowningOswaldBoelckethemostfamousGermanpilotatthetime.YetinaletterhomeMcKayrefusedtotakecreditsayingthatBoelckehadactuallycrashedintoanotherGermanplane.McKay’swarrecordsweredestroyedduringWorldWarTwoairbombingonLondon-anexplanationforwhyhewasallbutforgotten.ButnowthankstotheeffortsofBroadandhisstudentsamarkerinMcKay’smemorywasplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword’deceased’nexttohisnamesaidCoreyEverrettastudentwhofoundapictureofMckayinhisuniform.ThiswassuchasimpleexampleofthefactthathehadbeenastudentjustlikeusbutinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWesternhechosetofightanddieforhiscountry./WhatdidthestudentsfindoutaboutMcKay
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EddieMcKayaonceforgottenpilotisasubjectofgreatinteresttoagroupofhistorystudentsinCanada.ItallstartedwhenGrahamBroadaprofessorattheUniversityofWesternOntariofoundMcKay’snameinafootnoteinabookaboutuniversityhistory.MckaywasincludedinalistofuniversityalumniwhohadservedduringtheFirstWorldWarbuthisnamewasunfamiliartoBroadaspecialistinmilitaryhistory.OutofcuriosityBroadspenthoursatthelocalarchivesinafruitlesssearchforinformationonMcKay.Tiredanddiscouragedhefinallygaveup.OnhiswayoutBroad’sglancehappenedtofallonanexhibitingcaseshowingsomeoldnewspapers.Hiseyewasdrawntoanoldpictureofayoungmaninarugbyuniform.Ashereadthewordsbesidethepictureheexperiencedathrillingrealization.AfterlookingforhimalldaytherehewasstaringupatmeoutoftheexhibitingcasesaidBroad.ExcitedbythefindBroadaskedhisstudentstocontinuehissearch.Theycombedoldnewspapersandothermaterialsforclues.Graduallyapicturecameintoview.CaptainAlfredEdwinMcKayjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorpsin1916.HedownedtenenemyplanesoutlivedhisentiresquadronasaWW1flyerspentsometimeasaflyinginstructorinEnglandthenreturnedtothefrontwherehewaseventuallyshotdownoverBelgiumandkilledinDecember1917.Butthere’smoretohisstory.Forabrieftimein1916hewasprobablythemostfamouspilotintheworldsaysBroad.HewascreditedwithdowningOswaldBoelckethemostfamousGermanpilotatthetime.YetinaletterhomeMcKayrefusedtotakecreditsayingthatBoelckehadactuallycrashedintoanotherGermanplane.McKay’swarrecordsweredestroyedduringWorldWarTwoairbombingonLondon-anexplanationforwhyhewasallbutforgotten.ButnowthankstotheeffortsofBroadandhisstudentsamarkerinMcKay’smemorywasplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword’deceased’nexttohisnamesaidCoreyEverrettastudentwhofoundapictureofMckayinhisuniform.ThiswassuchasimpleexampleofthefactthathehadbeenastudentjustlikeusbutinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWesternhechosetofightanddieforhiscountry./WecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatMcKay______.
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
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Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
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Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
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Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Weobeyhim______weareafraidofhim______wehonorandlovehim.
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthatwhoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowonhighunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.ShouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenormShouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletoworkShouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselvesratherthanforanemployerShouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodaswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentersofproductionandworkTheindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanendandsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemploymentasitshistoryshowshasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseofthelandandthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Laterastransportimprovedfirstbyrailandthenbyroadpeoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntileventuallymanypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpreindustrialtimesmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemploymentleavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofworkyoungpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnowasmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalcrea-tingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthatwhoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowonhighunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.ShouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenormShouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletoworkShouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselvesratherthanforanemployerShouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodaswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentersofproductionandworkTheindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanendandsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemploymentasitshistoryshowshasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseofthelandandthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Laterastransportimprovedfirstbyrailandthenbyroadpeoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntileventuallymanypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpreindustrialtimesmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemploymentleavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofworkyoungpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnowasmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalcrea-tingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
Atthetimefriendsvisitusintheeveningtheyoftentellustheyareinahurryandlookattheirwatches.Itisn’tthatourfriendsareallverybusy;itisjustthatwehaven’tgotatelevision.Peoplethinkthatweareverystrange.Butwhatdoyoudointheeveningtheyarealwaysasking.Theanswerisverysimple.BothmywifeandIhavehobbies.Wecertainlydon’tspendoureveningslookingatthewalls.Mywifeenjoyscookingandpaintingandoftenattendseveningclassesinforeignlanguages.Thisisquiteusefulasweoftengoabroadforourholidays.IcollectstampsandI’malwaysbusywithmycollection.Bothofusenjoylisteningtothemusicandplayingchesstogether.Sometimestherearepowercutsandwehavenoelectricityinthehouse.Thisdoesnotworryusandwejustlightcandlesandcarryonwithwhatweweredoingbefore.Ourfriendshoweverarelost—notelevision!—Sotheydon’tknowwhattodo.Onsucheveningsourhouseisveryfullfortheyallcometous.Theyallhaveagoodtime.Insteadofsittinginsilenceinfrontofthetelevisioneverybodytalksandplaysgames.Bothofthemareinterestedin______.
Timisingoodshapephysicallyhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Afterwinningabiggameathletesareoftenaskedhowtheyfeel.Usuallyathletessayhow1itistowinthisbiggame.Onthecontrarythefactisthatlosingabiggameorinmycaseallthegamescanbeevenharder.Fromthespectators’pointofviewlastyear’sbasketball2formyhighschoolteamwasnothing3ofanembarrassment.And40and20iscertainlynothingtobeproudofthatseasonhadabiggerimpactonmethananyother.AsateamcaptainIknewitprobablywouldn’tbethe5yearbutdidIeverthinkwewouldloseeverygameOfcoursenot.Sincesixofourtopplayershadgraduateditwasclearthatwewerean6teamwhowouldstruggle.Thestrugglebeganearlierthanexpected7asourteamcenterwassuspended禁赛fortheseasonandtwokeymembersdecidedto8forsomereason.Atthispointdroppingoutprobablypassedthrougheveryplayer’smindbutintheendweallstuckifout9toworkstillharder.Thentherecameatimewhenevenour10andgivenuponus.PersonallyIfeltlikeitwas11worthwhilegivingmyall.Ithoughtifeventhecoachdoesn’tbelieveinuswhyshouldIButjustasmyhopebeganto12ateammatecalledameeting.HesaidNobodythinkswearegoingtowinbutasteammatesandfriendswe13ittoeachothertogoallouteverygame.Itwasthatmomentthat14mehowtobealeader.IthitmethatIcertainlydidn’t15therole.Asaleaderyoucanneverquit16theteamwholooksuptoyou.Itisone17tobenamedcaptainfeelgreatandgothroughthemotionsbutitisquiteanothertobearealcaptainandmakesureeveryonerealizestheirfull18allthetime.Iamsureitisgreattogothroughwithoutlosingandbringinghomeawards.ButinallhonestyI19thefactthatmyteamlosteverygamelastyear.Itmaynothelpmetobecomeabetterbasketballplayerbutitalreadyhasmademeabetterleaderand20
Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthatwhoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowonhighunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefuturework.ShouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenormShouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletoworkShouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselvesratherthanforanemployerShouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodaswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentersofproductionandworkTheindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanendandsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.Butinfactitcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemploymentasitshistoryshowshasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseofthelandandthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Laterastransportimprovedfirstbyrailandthenbyroadpeoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntileventuallymanypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpreindustrialtimesmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemploymentleavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtodayandrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofworkyoungpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnowasmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalcrea-tingjobsforalltotheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.WhichoftheibllowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation9
Atthetimefriendsvisitusintheeveningtheyoftentellustheyareinahurryandlookattheirwatches.Itisn’tthatourfriendsareallverybusy;itisjustthatwehaven’tgotatelevision.Peoplethinkthatweareverystrange.Butwhatdoyoudointheeveningtheyarealwaysasking.Theanswerisverysimple.BothmywifeandIhavehobbies.Wecertainlydon’tspendoureveningslookingatthewalls.Mywifeenjoyscookingandpaintingandoftenattendseveningclassesinforeignlanguages.Thisisquiteusefulasweoftengoabroadforourholidays.IcollectstampsandI’malwaysbusywithmycollection.Bothofusenjoylisteningtothemusicandplayingchesstogether.Sometimestherearepowercutsandwehavenoelectricityinthehouse.Thisdoesnotworryusandwejustlightcandlesandcarryonwithwhatweweredoingbefore.Ourfriendshoweverarelost—notelevision!—Sotheydon’tknowwhattodo.Onsucheveningsourhouseisveryfullfortheyallcometous.Theyallhaveagoodtime.Insteadofsittinginsilenceinfrontofthetelevisioneverybodytalksandplaysgames.Thewritertriestotellusthat______.
—HowaboutyourtriptoHainan—Itcouldn'thavebeen______.SometimesIwentswimminginthesea;sometimesIlayonthesand.
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