首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置:
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
It is a favorite pastime of older people to lament the defects of the young. Every generation seems ...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
NowIdon’twatchtelevisions.butafewyearsagoIwatchite
在固定顶储罐的低倍数泡沫灭火系统中非水溶性液体储罐液下或半液下喷射系统其泡沫混合液供给强度不应小于连
2.OL(min.㎡ )
3.OL/(min.㎡ )
5.OU(min.㎡ )
10.OL(min.㎡ )
以下那种速率的光板能配二纤双向复用段环
OL1
OL4
OL16
OL64
中兴S330支持最大速率光接口板为
OL1
OL4
OL16
OL64
HTML制作编号列表需使用标签
和
、
和
、
和
、
和
。
中兴S380不能支持的光线路板型号是
OL1
OL16
OL4
OL8
中兴S390支持最大速率光接口板为
OL1
OL4
OL16
OL64
制作无序号号列表需使用标签
〈p〉和〈/p〉
〈ul〉〈/ul〉和〈li〉
〈dl〉〈/dl〉和〈li〉
〈ol〉〈/ol〉和〈li〉
吸烟后延缓胃溃疡的愈合而加重出血的药物是
氯丙嗪
呋塞米
西咪替丁
胰岛素
地西泮
电子公告的标识
[EB/OL]
[M/CD]
[CP/DK]
[J/OL]
表示放在每个定义术语词之前的HTML代码是
dl/dl
dt
dd
ol/ol
对于中兴ZXMP-S系列传输设备当不同机型的设备进行混合组网或者与其它厂家设备进行混合组网下面单板不
ZXMP-S360\OL4单板
ZXMP-S380\OL1AY8单板
ZXMP-S320\使用PMC芯片的OL1单板
ZXMP-S380\OL16A单板
读下列材料回答问题12分材料1:科学家发现台湾海峡海底有古河床遗迹在台湾海峡底层中也发现有森林植物化
中兴S360支持最大速率光接口板为
OL1
OL4
OI16
OL64
Tom:Wouldyoulikemetowateryourplantswhileyou'reonyo
No problem. I was more than glad to do it.
I appreciate it, but I'm already finished watering them.
Thanks for offering your help, but my brother's going to do it.
Certainly watering plants is my favorite pastimE.
中兴S385支持最大速率光接口板为
OL1
OL4
OL16
OL64
读下列材料回答问题12分材料1:科学家发现台湾海峡海底有古河床遗迹在台湾海峡底层中也发现有森林植物化
ZXSM-10G设备的10G光接口板OL64最大接入数是________个2.5G光接口板OL16
Collectingstamps______myfather’sfavoritehobbyandre
are; is
is; are
is; is
are; are
S360OL1板可提供1个或2个STM1标准光接口提供1个STM1标准光接口的OL1板代号为OL1S
热门试题
更多
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 9
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 15
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 5
Since1975advocatesofhumanetreatmentofanimalshavebroadenedtheirgoalstoopposetheuseofanimalsforfurleatherwoolandfood.Theyhavemountedprotestsagainstallformsofhuntingandthetrappingofanimalsinthewild.Andtheyhavejoinedenvironmentalistsinurgingprotectionofnaturalhabitatsfromcommercialorresidentialdevelopment.Theoccasionfortheseaddedemphaseswasthepublicationin1975ofAnimalLiberation:ANewEthicsforOurTreatmentofAnimalsbyPeterSingerformerlyaprofessorofphilosophyatOxfordUniversityinEngland.Thisbookgaveanewimpetustotheanimalrightsmovement.Thepost-1975animalrightsactivistsarefarmorevocalthantheirpredecessorsandtheorganizationstowhichtheybelongaregenerallymoreradical.Manyneworganizationsareformed.Thetacticsoftheactivistsaredesignedtocatchtheattentionofthepublic.Sincethemid-1980stherehavebeenfrequentnewsreportsaboutanimalrightorganizationspicketingstoresthatsellfursharassinghuntersinthewildorbreakingintolaboratoriestofreeanimals.Someoftheextremeorganizationsadvocatetheuseofassaultarmedterrorismanddeaththreatstomaketheirpoint.Asidefrommakingisolatedattacksonpeoplewhowearfurcoatsortryingtopreventhuntersfromkillinganimalsmostoftheorganizationshavedirectedtheirtacticsatinstitutions.Theresultsoftheprotestsandothertacticshavebeenmixed.Companiesarereducingrelianceonanimaltesting.Medicalresearchhasbeensomewhatcurtailedbylegalrestrictionsandthereluctanceofyoungerworkerstouseanimalsinresearch.Newtestshavebeendevelopedtoreplacetheuseofanimals.Somewell-knowndesignershavestoppedusingfur.Whilethepublictendstoagreethatanimalsshouldbetreatedhumanelymostpeopleareunlikelytogiveupeatingmeatorwearinggoodsmadefromleatherandwool.GivingupgenuinefurhasbecomelessofaproblemsincefibersusedtomakefakefursuchastheJapaneseinventionKanecaroncanlookalmostidenticaltorealfur.Someofthestrongestoppositiontotheanimalrightsmovementhascomefromhuntersandtheirorganizations.Butanimalrightsactivistshavesucceededinmarshalingpublicopiniontopressforstaterestrictionsonhuntinginseveralpartsofthenation.Thewordmarshalinginthelastparagraphprobablymeans______.
TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprisemarket-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmenstrivingtomakeprofitsproducethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotiveoperatingundercompetitivepressureslargelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.47ThusintheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumerscoupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomesthattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit. 48Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomythismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystemaprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemandthepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.49Ifontheotherhandproducingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscostthiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producerswhichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.ThuspriceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem. Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresourcesprivatepropertyandtheyarepermittedtohirelaborgaincontrolovernaturalresourcesandproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.50IntheAmericaneconomytheconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrightsincludingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual. ThusintheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumerscoupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomesthattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.
Itseemedsopromising—mirrorssprawledacrossdesertlandinthescorchingsouthwestdeliveringcleanelectricityandhelpingAmericansoutoftheincreasingfuelcrisis.SomescientistsandindustrydevelopersclaimthatNevada’semptyandsun-drenchedexpansesalonecouldsupplyenoughelectricitytopowertheentirecountry.Noweventheoptimistsfearthiswonderfulprospectmaybeamirage.Congresscannotmakeuptheirmindtoextendthetax-reducingbillforsolar-energyprojectswhichsolaradvocatessayiscriticaltothefutureoftheirindustrybutwhichisduetoexpireattheendoftheyear.ThelatestattemptfailedintheSenateearlierthismonthprospectsforadealbeforeNovember’spresidentialandcongressionalelectionsnowlookdim.Uncertaintyhasledsomeinvestorstodelayorabandonprojectsinthepastfewmonths.RhoneReschthepresidentoftheSolarEnergyIndustriesAssociationsaidifthetax-reducingbillisallowedtoexpireattheendoftheyearitwillresultinthelossofbillionsofdollarsinnewinvestmentsinsolar.Furtherdampeninghopesforabigsolar-energyboomthefederalBureauofLandManagementBLMhasabruptlysuspendednewapplicationstoputsolarcollectorsonfederalland.Theagencysaysithasreceivedmorethan130applicationsandneedstoconductaregion-wideenvironmentalimpactstudyontheindustrybeforeitwillacceptanymore.Thestudywilltake22monthstocompletehowever.Fewargueagainsttryingtopreservepreciouswatersourcesandprotectdeserttortoisesandothercreaturesthatmightnotenjoycohabitingwithsprawlingfieldsofmirrors.Butmanysolaradvocateswonderwhythegovernmentisnotactingascautiouslywhenitcomestodrillingforoilandgas.SenatorMariaCantwellaDemocratfromWashingtonStatewantsacongressionalprobeintotheproposedsuspension.ThefactthattheBLMpopsthisoutwithoutpeopleevenknowingaboutitespeciallywhensolarthermallooksextremelypromisingasapowersourceisnotrightshesays.HarryReidofNevadawhoisthemajorityleaderintheSenatealsocondemnstheBLM’sfreezesayingthatitcouldslownewdevelopmenttoacrawl.TheBLMisnotwithoutitssupportershowever.AtapublicmeetingonJune23rdinGoldenColoradoAlexDaueoftheWildernessSocietysaidthathisorganizationsupportsrenewableenergydevelopmentaslongasitdoesn’tdamageotherimportantresources.Themessageisclear:norubberstampsevenforrenewableenergy.Whichofthefollowingtitlesisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey
TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprisemarket-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmenstrivingtomakeprofitsproducethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotiveoperatingundercompetitivepressureslargelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.47ThusintheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumerscoupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomesthattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit. 48Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomythismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystemaprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemandthepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.49Ifontheotherhandproducingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscostthiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producerswhichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.ThuspriceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem. Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresourcesprivatepropertyandtheyarepermittedtohirelaborgaincontrolovernaturalresourcesandproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.50IntheAmericaneconomytheconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrightsincludingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual. Ifontheotherhandproducingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscostthiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producerswhichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.
WritealettertoapplyforapositioninalocalEnglishtrainingschool.Inthedescriptionyoushouldincludethefollowingitems: 1whatistheposition 2yourexperienceandrelatedability.
Itwasarulingthathadconsumersseethingwithangerandmanyafreetradercryingfoul.OnNovember20ththeEuropeanCourtofJusticedecidedthatTescoaBritishsupermarketchainshouldnotbeallowedtoimportjeansmadebyAmerica’sLeviStraussfromoutsidetheEuropeanUnionandsellthematcut-ratepriceswithoutgettingpermissionfirstfromthejeansmaker.IronicallytherulingisbasedonanEUtrademarkdirectivethatwasdesignedtoprotectlocalnotAmericanmanufacturersfrompricedumping.Theideaisthatanybrand-owningfirmshouldbeallowedtopositionitsgoodsandsegmentitsmarketsasitseesfit:Levi’sjeansjustlikeGuccihandbagsmustbeallowedtobeexpensive.LeviStrausspersuadedthecourtthatbysellingitsjeanscheaplyalongsidesoappowderandbananasTescowasdestroyingtheimageandsothevalueofitsbrands—whichcouldonlyleadtolessinnovationandinthelongrunwouldreduceconsumerchoice.ConsumergroupsandTescosaythatLevi’scaseisspecious.ThesupermarketarguesthatitwasjustarbitragingthepricedifferentialbetweenLevi’sjeanssoldinAmericaandEurope—aserviceperformedamilliontimesadayinfinancialmarketsandonethathasledtorealbenefitsforconsumers.Tescohasbeensellingsome15000pairsofLevi’sjeansaweekforabouthalfthepricetheycommandinspecialiststoresapprovedbyLeviStrauss.ChristineCrossTesco’sheadofglobalnon-foodsourcingsaystherulingriskscreatingaFortressEuropewithavengeance.ThedebatewillrageonandhasimplicationswellbeyondcasualclothesLeviStrausswasjoinedinitslawsuitbyZinoDavidoffaperfumemaker.Thequestionatitsheartisnotwhetherbrandsneedtocontrolhowtheyaresoldtoprotecttheirimagebutwhetheritisthejobofthecourtstohelpthemdothis.GuccianItalianclotheslabelwhoseimagewasbeingdestroyedbylooselicensingandover-exposureindiscountstoressaveditselfnotbyresortingtothecourtsbutbyendingcontractswiththird-partysupplierscontrollingitsdistributionbetterandopeningitsownstores.Itisnowhardtofindcut-priceGuccianywhere.BrandexpertsarguethatLeviStrausswhichhasbeenlosingmarketsharetohipperrivalssuchasDieselisnolongerstrongenoughtocommandpremiumprices.Lefttomarketforcesso-sobrandssuchasLevi’smightwellfadeawayandbereplacedbyfresherlabels.WiththecourtsprotectingitspricesLeviStraussmayhangonforlonger.Butnocourtcanhelptomakeitagreatbrandagain.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtoParagraph1
Abiteofacookiecontainingpeanutscouldcausetheairwaytoconstrictfatally.Sharingatoywithanotherchildwhohadearliereatenapeanutbutterandjellysandwichcouldraiseacaseofhives.ApeanutbuttercupdroppedinaHalloweenbagcouldcontaminatetherestofthetreatsposinganunknownrisk.ThesearethescenariosthatmakeyourbonemarrowturncoldaccordingtoL.ValGiddingsvicepresidentforfoodandagricultureoftheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganization.BesidesrepresentingthepolicyinterestsoffoodbiotechcompaniesinWashingtonD.C.Giddingsisthefatherofafour-year-oldboywithaseverepeanutallergy.Peanutsareonlyoneofthemostallergenicfoods;estimatesofthenumberofpeoplewhoexperienceareactiontothebeanshoveraround2percentofthepopulation.Giddingssaysthatpeanutsareonlyoneofseveralfoodsthatbiotechnologistsarealteringgeneticallyinanattempttoeliminatetheproteinsthatdogreatharmtosomepeople’simmunesystems.Althoughsoyallergiesdonotusuallycauselife-threateningreactionsthescientistsarealsotargetingsoybeanswhichcanbefoundintwothirdsofallmanufacturedfoodmakingthesupermarketaminefieldforpeopleallergictosoy.Biotechnologistsarefocusingonwheattooandmightsoonexpandtheirresearchtotherestofthebigeightallergy-inducingfoods:treenutsmilkeggsshellfishandfish.LastSeptemberforexampleAnthonyJ.KinneyacropgeneticsresearcheratDuPontExperimentalStationinWilmingtonDel.andhiscolleaguesreportedusingatechniquecalledRNAinterferenceRNAitosilencethegenesthatencodep34aproteinresponsibleforcausing65percentofallsoybeanallergies.RNAiexploitsthemechanismthatcellsusetoprotectthemselvesagainstforeigngeneticmaterial;itcausesacelltodestroyRNAtranscribedfromagivengeneeffectivelyturningoffthegene.Whetherthepublicwillacceptfoodgeneticallymodifiedtobelow-allergenisstillunknown.CourtneyChabotDreyeraspokespersonforPioneerHi-BredInternationalasubsidiaryofDuPontsaysthatthecompanywillconductstudiestodeterminewhetherapromisingmarketexistsforlowallergensoybeforedevelopingtheseedsforsaletofarmers.SheestimatesthatPioneerHi-Bredissevenyearsawayfromcommercializingthealteredsoybeans.DougGurian-ShermanscientificdirectorofthebiotechnologyprojectattheCenterforScienceinthePublicInterest—agroupthathasadvocatedenhancedFoodandDrugAdministrationoversightforgeneticallymodifiedfoods—commentsthathisorganizationwouldnotopposelow-allergenfoodsiftheyprovetobesafe.Buthewondersaboutidentitypreservationatermusedinthefoodindustrytodescribethedeliberateseparationofgeneticallyengineeredandnonengineeredproducts.Abatchofnonengineeredpeanutsorsoybeansmightcontaminatemachineryreservedforlow-allergenversionshesuggestsreducingthebenefitofthegene-alteredfood.Suchissuesofidentitypreservationcouldmakelow-allergengeneticallymodifiedfoodstoocostlytoproduceChabotDreyeradmits.Butshesaysit’sstilltooearlytoseeifthat’strue./Whatcanbeinferredaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoodsfromthetext
Almosteverydayweseesomethinginthepapersaboutthelatestexcitingdevelopmentsinthespacerace.Photographsareregularlyflashedtotheearthfromthousandsandevenmillionsofmilesaway.Theyareprintedinournewspapersandshownonourtelevisionscreensasavisibleproofoftheman’snewestachievements.Thephotographsneatlysumuptheresultsofthesemassiveeffortsto’conquerspace’andatthesametimetheyexposedtheabsurdityoftheundertaking.Allwecanseeisanindistinguishableblobthatissupposedtorepresentaplanetseenfromseveralthousandmilesaway.Wearegoingtoendupwithalittlemoon-dustandafewstoneswhichwillbeputbehindglassinsomemuseum.41__________ 42__________Itisjustanextensionoftheraceforpoweronearth.Onlythewealthiestnationscancompeteandtheydosointhenameofpurescientificresearch.Butinrealityalltheyareinterestedinispowerandprestige.Theywanttoimpressustheirspectatorswithamagnificentshowofstrength.Manhasplayedthepowergameeversinceheappearedonearth.Nowheisplayingitasithasneverbeenplayedbefore.Thespaceraceisjustanotheraspectoftheage-oldargumentthat"mightisright". 43__________Butwhathasthespaceracedonetorelievethesufferingoftheearth’sstarvingmillionsInwhatwayhasitraisedthestandardoflivingofanyoneofusAsfarasthelaymanisconcernedthepracticalresultsofallthisexpenditureofmoneyandeffortsarenegligible.Thankstospaceresearchwecannowseetelevisionpicturestransmittedlivehalfwayacrosstheglobeandthehousewifecanusenon-stickfryingpansinthekitchen.Thewholethingbecomesutterlyabsurdwhenyouthinkthatnomatterwhatproblemsmanovercomesitisunlikelythathewilleverbeabletotraveleventotheneareststar. 44__________Forthefirsttimeinhishistorymanhastheoverwhelmingtechnologicalresourcestocombathumansufferingyethesquandersthemonmeaninglesspursuits. 45__________Individualswithlimitedbudgetsusuallygettheirprioritiesright;theyprovidethemselveswithnecessitiesbeforetryingtoobtainluxuries.Whycan’tgreatnationsactinthesamesensiblewayLetusputourhouseinorderfirstandletspacelookafteritself. [A]Anincreasingnumberofpeopleevenbegintopictureaspacetravelinrecentyears. [B]Povertyhungerdiseaseandwarareman’sgreatestenemiesandtheworldwouldbeaninfinitelybetterplaceifthepowerfulnationsdevotedhalfasmuchmoneyandefforttotheseproblemsastheydotothespacerace. [C]Thespaceraceisnotsimplytheobjectivesearchforknowledgethoughitisoftenmadeouttobe. [D]Ontheotherhandpeoplebenefitdramaticallyfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology. [E]Thisishardlyvalueformoneywhenyouthinkthatourownearthcanprovidecountlesssightsthatareinfinitelymoreexcitingandspectacular. [F]Weareoftentoldthattechnologicalknow-howacquiredinattemptingtogetusintoorbitwillbeutilizedtomakebetteronearth. [G]Ifamandeprivedhimselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyandrunacarwewouldconsiderhimmad. 45
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 7
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 13
MassproductionthedefiningcharacteristicoftheSecondWaveeconomybecomesincreasinglyobsoleteasfirmsinstallinformationintensiveoftenrobotizedmanufacturingsystemscapableofendlesscheapvariationevencustomization.Therevolutionaryresultisineffectthedemassificationofmassproduction.TheshifttowardsmartflextechspromotesdiversityandfeedsconsumerchoicetothepointthataWal-Martstorecanofferthebuyernearly110000productsinvarioustypessizesmodelsandcolorstochooseamong.ButWal-Martisamassmerchandiser.Increasinglythemassmarketitselfisbreakingupintodifferentiatednichesascustomerneedsdivergeandbetterinformationmakesitpossibleforbusinessestoidentifyandservemicromarkets.SpecialtystoresboutiquessuperstoresTVhome-shoppingsystemscomputerbasedbuyingdirectmailandothersystemsprovideagrowingdiversityofchannelsthroughwhichproducerscandistributetheirwarestocustomersinanincreasinglydemassifiedmarketplace.WhenwewroteFutureShockinthelate1960svisionarymarketersbegantalkingaboutmarketsegmentation.Todaytheynolongerfocusonsegmentsbutonparticles—familyunitsandevensingleindividuals.Meanwhileadvertisingistargetedatsmallerandsmallermarketsegmentsreachedthroughincreasinglydemassifiedmedia.ThedramaticbreakupofmassaudiencesisunderscoredbythecrisisoftheoncegreatTVnetworksABCCBSandNBCatatimewhenTele-CommunicationsInc.ofDenverannouncesafiberopticnetworkcapableofprovidingviewerswithfivehundredinteractivechannelsoftelevision.Suchsystemsmeanthatsellerswillbeabletotargetbuyerswithevengreaterprecision.Thesimultaneousdemassificationofproductiondistributionandcommunicationrevolutionizestheeconomyandshiftsitfromhomogeneitytowardextremeheterogeneity.ThewordnichesinthiscontextinParagraph2means______.
Itseemedsopromising—mirrorssprawledacrossdesertlandinthescorchingsouthwestdeliveringcleanelectricityandhelpingAmericansoutoftheincreasingfuelcrisis.SomescientistsandindustrydevelopersclaimthatNevada’semptyandsun-drenchedexpansesalonecouldsupplyenoughelectricitytopowertheentirecountry.Noweventheoptimistsfearthiswonderfulprospectmaybeamirage.Congresscannotmakeuptheirmindtoextendthetax-reducingbillforsolar-energyprojectswhichsolaradvocatessayiscriticaltothefutureoftheirindustrybutwhichisduetoexpireattheendoftheyear.ThelatestattemptfailedintheSenateearlierthismonthprospectsforadealbeforeNovember’spresidentialandcongressionalelectionsnowlookdim.Uncertaintyhasledsomeinvestorstodelayorabandonprojectsinthepastfewmonths.RhoneReschthepresidentoftheSolarEnergyIndustriesAssociationsaidifthetax-reducingbillisallowedtoexpireattheendoftheyearitwillresultinthelossofbillionsofdollarsinnewinvestmentsinsolar.Furtherdampeninghopesforabigsolar-energyboomthefederalBureauofLandManagementBLMhasabruptlysuspendednewapplicationstoputsolarcollectorsonfederalland.Theagencysaysithasreceivedmorethan130applicationsandneedstoconductaregion-wideenvironmentalimpactstudyontheindustrybeforeitwillacceptanymore.Thestudywilltake22monthstocompletehowever.Fewargueagainsttryingtopreservepreciouswatersourcesandprotectdeserttortoisesandothercreaturesthatmightnotenjoycohabitingwithsprawlingfieldsofmirrors.Butmanysolaradvocateswonderwhythegovernmentisnotactingascautiouslywhenitcomestodrillingforoilandgas.SenatorMariaCantwellaDemocratfromWashingtonStatewantsacongressionalprobeintotheproposedsuspension.ThefactthattheBLMpopsthisoutwithoutpeopleevenknowingaboutitespeciallywhensolarthermallooksextremelypromisingasapowersourceisnotrightshesays.HarryReidofNevadawhoisthemajorityleaderintheSenatealsocondemnstheBLM’sfreezesayingthatitcouldslownewdevelopmenttoacrawl.TheBLMisnotwithoutitssupportershowever.AtapublicmeetingonJune23rdinGoldenColoradoAlexDaueoftheWildernessSocietysaidthathisorganizationsupportsrenewableenergydevelopmentaslongasitdoesn’tdamageotherimportantresources.Themessageisclear:norubberstampsevenforrenewableenergy.AccordingtoSenatorMariaCantwell______.
Almosteverydayweseesomethinginthepapersaboutthelatestexcitingdevelopmentsinthespacerace.Photographsareregularlyflashedtotheearthfromthousandsandevenmillionsofmilesaway.Theyareprintedinournewspapersandshownonourtelevisionscreensasavisibleproofoftheman’snewestachievements.Thephotographsneatlysumuptheresultsofthesemassiveeffortsto’conquerspace’andatthesametimetheyexposedtheabsurdityoftheundertaking.Allwecanseeisanindistinguishableblobthatissupposedtorepresentaplanetseenfromseveralthousandmilesaway.Wearegoingtoendupwithalittlemoon-dustandafewstoneswhichwillbeputbehindglassinsomemuseum.41__________ 42__________Itisjustanextensionoftheraceforpoweronearth.Onlythewealthiestnationscancompeteandtheydosointhenameofpurescientificresearch.Butinrealityalltheyareinterestedinispowerandprestige.Theywanttoimpressustheirspectatorswithamagnificentshowofstrength.Manhasplayedthepowergameeversinceheappearedonearth.Nowheisplayingitasithasneverbeenplayedbefore.Thespaceraceisjustanotheraspectoftheage-oldargumentthat"mightisright". 43__________Butwhathasthespaceracedonetorelievethesufferingoftheearth’sstarvingmillionsInwhatwayhasitraisedthestandardoflivingofanyoneofusAsfarasthelaymanisconcernedthepracticalresultsofallthisexpenditureofmoneyandeffortsarenegligible.Thankstospaceresearchwecannowseetelevisionpicturestransmittedlivehalfwayacrosstheglobeandthehousewifecanusenon-stickfryingpansinthekitchen.Thewholethingbecomesutterlyabsurdwhenyouthinkthatnomatterwhatproblemsmanovercomesitisunlikelythathewilleverbeabletotraveleventotheneareststar. 44__________Forthefirsttimeinhishistorymanhastheoverwhelmingtechnologicalresourcestocombathumansufferingyethesquandersthemonmeaninglesspursuits. 45__________Individualswithlimitedbudgetsusuallygettheirprioritiesright;theyprovidethemselveswithnecessitiesbeforetryingtoobtainluxuries.Whycan’tgreatnationsactinthesamesensiblewayLetusputourhouseinorderfirstandletspacelookafteritself. [A]Anincreasingnumberofpeopleevenbegintopictureaspacetravelinrecentyears. [B]Povertyhungerdiseaseandwarareman’sgreatestenemiesandtheworldwouldbeaninfinitelybetterplaceifthepowerfulnationsdevotedhalfasmuchmoneyandefforttotheseproblemsastheydotothespacerace. [C]Thespaceraceisnotsimplytheobjectivesearchforknowledgethoughitisoftenmadeouttobe. [D]Ontheotherhandpeoplebenefitdramaticallyfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology. [E]Thisishardlyvalueformoneywhenyouthinkthatourownearthcanprovidecountlesssightsthatareinfinitelymoreexcitingandspectacular. [F]Weareoftentoldthattechnologicalknow-howacquiredinattemptingtogetusintoorbitwillbeutilizedtomakebetteronearth. [G]Ifamandeprivedhimselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyandrunacarwewouldconsiderhimmad. 43
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 11
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 17
MassproductionthedefiningcharacteristicoftheSecondWaveeconomybecomesincreasinglyobsoleteasfirmsinstallinformationintensiveoftenrobotizedmanufacturingsystemscapableofendlesscheapvariationevencustomization.Therevolutionaryresultisineffectthedemassificationofmassproduction.TheshifttowardsmartflextechspromotesdiversityandfeedsconsumerchoicetothepointthataWal-Martstorecanofferthebuyernearly110000productsinvarioustypessizesmodelsandcolorstochooseamong.ButWal-Martisamassmerchandiser.Increasinglythemassmarketitselfisbreakingupintodifferentiatednichesascustomerneedsdivergeandbetterinformationmakesitpossibleforbusinessestoidentifyandservemicromarkets.SpecialtystoresboutiquessuperstoresTVhome-shoppingsystemscomputerbasedbuyingdirectmailandothersystemsprovideagrowingdiversityofchannelsthroughwhichproducerscandistributetheirwarestocustomersinanincreasinglydemassifiedmarketplace.WhenwewroteFutureShockinthelate1960svisionarymarketersbegantalkingaboutmarketsegmentation.Todaytheynolongerfocusonsegmentsbutonparticles—familyunitsandevensingleindividuals.Meanwhileadvertisingistargetedatsmallerandsmallermarketsegmentsreachedthroughincreasinglydemassifiedmedia.ThedramaticbreakupofmassaudiencesisunderscoredbythecrisisoftheoncegreatTVnetworksABCCBSandNBCatatimewhenTele-CommunicationsInc.ofDenverannouncesafiberopticnetworkcapableofprovidingviewerswithfivehundredinteractivechannelsoftelevision.Suchsystemsmeanthatsellerswillbeabletotargetbuyerswithevengreaterprecision.Thesimultaneousdemassificationofproductiondistributionandcommunicationrevolutionizestheeconomyandshiftsitfromhomogeneitytowardextremeheterogeneity.WhyaregreatTVnetworksABSCBSandNBCmentionedinthepassage
Itwasarulingthathadconsumersseethingwithangerandmanyafreetradercryingfoul.OnNovember20ththeEuropeanCourtofJusticedecidedthatTescoaBritishsupermarketchainshouldnotbeallowedtoimportjeansmadebyAmerica’sLeviStraussfromoutsidetheEuropeanUnionandsellthematcut-ratepriceswithoutgettingpermissionfirstfromthejeansmaker.IronicallytherulingisbasedonanEUtrademarkdirectivethatwasdesignedtoprotectlocalnotAmericanmanufacturersfrompricedumping.Theideaisthatanybrand-owningfirmshouldbeallowedtopositionitsgoodsandsegmentitsmarketsasitseesfit:Levi’sjeansjustlikeGuccihandbagsmustbeallowedtobeexpensive.LeviStrausspersuadedthecourtthatbysellingitsjeanscheaplyalongsidesoappowderandbananasTescowasdestroyingtheimageandsothevalueofitsbrands—whichcouldonlyleadtolessinnovationandinthelongrunwouldreduceconsumerchoice.ConsumergroupsandTescosaythatLevi’scaseisspecious.ThesupermarketarguesthatitwasjustarbitragingthepricedifferentialbetweenLevi’sjeanssoldinAmericaandEurope—aserviceperformedamilliontimesadayinfinancialmarketsandonethathasledtorealbenefitsforconsumers.Tescohasbeensellingsome15000pairsofLevi’sjeansaweekforabouthalfthepricetheycommandinspecialiststoresapprovedbyLeviStrauss.ChristineCrossTesco’sheadofglobalnon-foodsourcingsaystherulingriskscreatingaFortressEuropewithavengeance.ThedebatewillrageonandhasimplicationswellbeyondcasualclothesLeviStrausswasjoinedinitslawsuitbyZinoDavidoffaperfumemaker.Thequestionatitsheartisnotwhetherbrandsneedtocontrolhowtheyaresoldtoprotecttheirimagebutwhetheritisthejobofthecourtstohelpthemdothis.GuccianItalianclotheslabelwhoseimagewasbeingdestroyedbylooselicensingandover-exposureindiscountstoressaveditselfnotbyresortingtothecourtsbutbyendingcontractswiththird-partysupplierscontrollingitsdistributionbetterandopeningitsownstores.Itisnowhardtofindcut-priceGuccianywhere.BrandexpertsarguethatLeviStrausswhichhasbeenlosingmarketsharetohipperrivalssuchasDieselisnolongerstrongenoughtocommandpremiumprices.Lefttomarketforcesso-sobrandssuchasLevi’smightwellfadeawayandbereplacedbyfresherlabels.WiththecourtsprotectingitspricesLeviStraussmayhangonforlonger.Butnocourtcanhelptomakeitagreatbrandagain.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsLevi’sprospectseemstobe______.
Abiteofacookiecontainingpeanutscouldcausetheairwaytoconstrictfatally.Sharingatoywithanotherchildwhohadearliereatenapeanutbutterandjellysandwichcouldraiseacaseofhives.ApeanutbuttercupdroppedinaHalloweenbagcouldcontaminatetherestofthetreatsposinganunknownrisk.ThesearethescenariosthatmakeyourbonemarrowturncoldaccordingtoL.ValGiddingsvicepresidentforfoodandagricultureoftheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganization.BesidesrepresentingthepolicyinterestsoffoodbiotechcompaniesinWashingtonD.C.Giddingsisthefatherofafour-year-oldboywithaseverepeanutallergy.Peanutsareonlyoneofthemostallergenicfoods;estimatesofthenumberofpeoplewhoexperienceareactiontothebeanshoveraround2percentofthepopulation.Giddingssaysthatpeanutsareonlyoneofseveralfoodsthatbiotechnologistsarealteringgeneticallyinanattempttoeliminatetheproteinsthatdogreatharmtosomepeople’simmunesystems.Althoughsoyallergiesdonotusuallycauselife-threateningreactionsthescientistsarealsotargetingsoybeanswhichcanbefoundintwothirdsofallmanufacturedfoodmakingthesupermarketaminefieldforpeopleallergictosoy.Biotechnologistsarefocusingonwheattooandmightsoonexpandtheirresearchtotherestofthebigeightallergy-inducingfoods:treenutsmilkeggsshellfishandfish.LastSeptemberforexampleAnthonyJ.KinneyacropgeneticsresearcheratDuPontExperimentalStationinWilmingtonDel.andhiscolleaguesreportedusingatechniquecalledRNAinterferenceRNAitosilencethegenesthatencodep34aproteinresponsibleforcausing65percentofallsoybeanallergies.RNAiexploitsthemechanismthatcellsusetoprotectthemselvesagainstforeigngeneticmaterial;itcausesacelltodestroyRNAtranscribedfromagivengeneeffectivelyturningoffthegene.Whetherthepublicwillacceptfoodgeneticallymodifiedtobelow-allergenisstillunknown.CourtneyChabotDreyeraspokespersonforPioneerHi-BredInternationalasubsidiaryofDuPontsaysthatthecompanywillconductstudiestodeterminewhetherapromisingmarketexistsforlowallergensoybeforedevelopingtheseedsforsaletofarmers.SheestimatesthatPioneerHi-Bredissevenyearsawayfromcommercializingthealteredsoybeans.DougGurian-ShermanscientificdirectorofthebiotechnologyprojectattheCenterforScienceinthePublicInterest—agroupthathasadvocatedenhancedFoodandDrugAdministrationoversightforgeneticallymodifiedfoods—commentsthathisorganizationwouldnotopposelow-allergenfoodsiftheyprovetobesafe.Buthewondersaboutidentitypreservationatermusedinthefoodindustrytodescribethedeliberateseparationofgeneticallyengineeredandnonengineeredproducts.Abatchofnonengineeredpeanutsorsoybeansmightcontaminatemachineryreservedforlow-allergenversionshesuggestsreducingthebenefitofthegene-alteredfood.Suchissuesofidentitypreservationcouldmakelow-allergengeneticallymodifiedfoodstoocostlytoproduceChabotDreyeradmits.Butshesaysit’sstilltooearlytoseeifthat’strue./FromthetextwecanknowthatRNAi______.
Itwasarulingthathadconsumersseethingwithangerandmanyafreetradercryingfoul.OnNovember20ththeEuropeanCourtofJusticedecidedthatTescoaBritishsupermarketchainshouldnotbeallowedtoimportjeansmadebyAmerica’sLeviStraussfromoutsidetheEuropeanUnionandsellthematcut-ratepriceswithoutgettingpermissionfirstfromthejeansmaker.IronicallytherulingisbasedonanEUtrademarkdirectivethatwasdesignedtoprotectlocalnotAmericanmanufacturersfrompricedumping.Theideaisthatanybrand-owningfirmshouldbeallowedtopositionitsgoodsandsegmentitsmarketsasitseesfit:Levi’sjeansjustlikeGuccihandbagsmustbeallowedtobeexpensive.LeviStrausspersuadedthecourtthatbysellingitsjeanscheaplyalongsidesoappowderandbananasTescowasdestroyingtheimageandsothevalueofitsbrands—whichcouldonlyleadtolessinnovationandinthelongrunwouldreduceconsumerchoice.ConsumergroupsandTescosaythatLevi’scaseisspecious.ThesupermarketarguesthatitwasjustarbitragingthepricedifferentialbetweenLevi’sjeanssoldinAmericaandEurope—aserviceperformedamilliontimesadayinfinancialmarketsandonethathasledtorealbenefitsforconsumers.Tescohasbeensellingsome15000pairsofLevi’sjeansaweekforabouthalfthepricetheycommandinspecialiststoresapprovedbyLeviStrauss.ChristineCrossTesco’sheadofglobalnon-foodsourcingsaystherulingriskscreatingaFortressEuropewithavengeance.ThedebatewillrageonandhasimplicationswellbeyondcasualclothesLeviStrausswasjoinedinitslawsuitbyZinoDavidoffaperfumemaker.Thequestionatitsheartisnotwhetherbrandsneedtocontrolhowtheyaresoldtoprotecttheirimagebutwhetheritisthejobofthecourtstohelpthemdothis.GuccianItalianclotheslabelwhoseimagewasbeingdestroyedbylooselicensingandover-exposureindiscountstoressaveditselfnotbyresortingtothecourtsbutbyendingcontractswiththird-partysupplierscontrollingitsdistributionbetterandopeningitsownstores.Itisnowhardtofindcut-priceGuccianywhere.BrandexpertsarguethatLeviStrausswhichhasbeenlosingmarketsharetohipperrivalssuchasDieselisnolongerstrongenoughtocommandpremiumprices.Lefttomarketforcesso-sobrandssuchasLevi’smightwellfadeawayandbereplacedbyfresherlabels.WiththecourtsprotectingitspricesLeviStraussmayhangonforlonger.Butnocourtcanhelptomakeitagreatbrandagain.ThewordspeciousLine4Paragraph2inthecontextprobablymeans______.
Itseemedsopromising—mirrorssprawledacrossdesertlandinthescorchingsouthwestdeliveringcleanelectricityandhelpingAmericansoutoftheincreasingfuelcrisis.SomescientistsandindustrydevelopersclaimthatNevada’semptyandsun-drenchedexpansesalonecouldsupplyenoughelectricitytopowertheentirecountry.Noweventheoptimistsfearthiswonderfulprospectmaybeamirage.Congresscannotmakeuptheirmindtoextendthetax-reducingbillforsolar-energyprojectswhichsolaradvocatessayiscriticaltothefutureoftheirindustrybutwhichisduetoexpireattheendoftheyear.ThelatestattemptfailedintheSenateearlierthismonthprospectsforadealbeforeNovember’spresidentialandcongressionalelectionsnowlookdim.Uncertaintyhasledsomeinvestorstodelayorabandonprojectsinthepastfewmonths.RhoneReschthepresidentoftheSolarEnergyIndustriesAssociationsaidifthetax-reducingbillisallowedtoexpireattheendoftheyearitwillresultinthelossofbillionsofdollarsinnewinvestmentsinsolar.Furtherdampeninghopesforabigsolar-energyboomthefederalBureauofLandManagementBLMhasabruptlysuspendednewapplicationstoputsolarcollectorsonfederalland.Theagencysaysithasreceivedmorethan130applicationsandneedstoconductaregion-wideenvironmentalimpactstudyontheindustrybeforeitwillacceptanymore.Thestudywilltake22monthstocompletehowever.Fewargueagainsttryingtopreservepreciouswatersourcesandprotectdeserttortoisesandothercreaturesthatmightnotenjoycohabitingwithsprawlingfieldsofmirrors.Butmanysolaradvocateswonderwhythegovernmentisnotactingascautiouslywhenitcomestodrillingforoilandgas.SenatorMariaCantwellaDemocratfromWashingtonStatewantsacongressionalprobeintotheproposedsuspension.ThefactthattheBLMpopsthisoutwithoutpeopleevenknowingaboutitespeciallywhensolarthermallooksextremelypromisingasapowersourceisnotrightshesays.HarryReidofNevadawhoisthemajorityleaderintheSenatealsocondemnstheBLM’sfreezesayingthatitcouldslownewdevelopmenttoacrawl.TheBLMisnotwithoutitssupportershowever.AtapublicmeetingonJune23rdinGoldenColoradoAlexDaueoftheWildernessSocietysaidthathisorganizationsupportsrenewableenergydevelopmentaslongasitdoesn’tdamageotherimportantresources.Themessageisclear:norubberstampsevenforrenewableenergy.mirrorssprawledacrossdesertlandismentionedto______.
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 19
WhiletheripplesofAmerica’ssubprime-mortgagecrisishavespreadfarandwideLatinAmerica—aplacelongassociatedwithfinancialdisaster—hasremainedimprobablycalm.Bankshavereportednounpleasantsurprises.BrazilandPeruhavebeenblessedwithcovetedinvestment-graderatings.SurprisinglyperhapsthefleetestcountryofallhasbeenArgentina.Sinceitemergedfromthefinancialcrisisof2001-02ithasbeenoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingeconomies.Itisexpectedtoexpandfasterthanmostofitsneighborsagainthisyear.Quitesimplyitbarelyhasanycredit.Backwhenitseconomyvirtuallycollapsedthecountrysufferedarunonitsbanksfollowedbyafreezeonwithdrawalsandamassivecurrencydevaluation.Asaresultbanklendingtotheprivatesectorshrivelledfrom23.8%ofGDPin2000to10.8%in2003.Sincethenithasreboundedtoapiddling13%;bycontrasttheratioinBrazilwas36.5%in2006.AlmostalloftheseloansinArgentinaareaccessibleonlyonashort-termbasis.OnceitsrecoverybeganinJune2002Argentinabecameaparadiseforbusiness.Unemploymentofover20%keptwagesdownandthedevaluationgaveexportersanedgeonforeigncompetitors.Theampleproductivecapacityleftidlebythecrisismeantfirmscouldexpandwithoutmakingbiginvestments.Andthewindfallprofitsreapedbyagriculturalexportersthankstorecordcommoditiespricesenabledmanyofthemtofinancenewprojectsoutofearnings.Hencetheeconomycouldgrowatalmost9%ayearwithlittleneedforcredit.Butsuchaluckyconfluenceoffactorscouldnotlast.Startinginearly2005.inflationpickedupasignthattheinstalledcapacitywasstartingtolimitoutput.Salariesandpricesforrawmaterialsincreasedsharplycuttingintoprofits.Andfarmerswereparticularlyhardhitwhenthegovernmentnearlydoubledthetaxesinfarmexports.Nowjustascompaniesneedtoembarkonbiginvestmentsiftheyaretokeepgrowingtheirmarginsarenolongerbigenoughtopayfortheexpansionandtheyneedtoborrow.Sothetimeisripeforthecountry’sfinancialsystemtorecover.Butanumberofthingsareintheway.ForemostisArgentina’sbusinessrisk.Thoseintheinformaleconomywhichrepresentsover40%ofGDPcanneithersavenorborrowlegallylesttheybecomeknowntothetaxmen.Therestremaincowedbymemoriesofthecrisis.AlthoughArgentineshavepouredtheirsavingsintopropertyfuellingaconstructionboomtheystillholdaboutfour-fifthsoftheirdepositsabroad.Inflationfuelledbyapublic-spendingbingestate-mandatedwageincreasesandacheapcurrencyisnothelpingeither.Nooneknowshowhighitis.Theconsumer-priceindexisdoctoredtokeeptheofficialratebelow10%butprivateestimatessuggestitisnear25%.Withoutareliableindexofinflationlendingisalmostimpossibleevenforthemediumterm.Andthecentralbankhaskeptinterestratesstronglynegativeinrealtermsencouragingworkerstospendtheirwagesratherthantosave.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat______.
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 1
Almosteverydayweseesomethinginthepapersaboutthelatestexcitingdevelopmentsinthespacerace.Photographsareregularlyflashedtotheearthfromthousandsandevenmillionsofmilesaway.Theyareprintedinournewspapersandshownonourtelevisionscreensasavisibleproofoftheman’snewestachievements.Thephotographsneatlysumuptheresultsofthesemassiveeffortsto’conquerspace’andatthesametimetheyexposedtheabsurdityoftheundertaking.Allwecanseeisanindistinguishableblobthatissupposedtorepresentaplanetseenfromseveralthousandmilesaway.Wearegoingtoendupwithalittlemoon-dustandafewstoneswhichwillbeputbehindglassinsomemuseum.41__________ 42__________Itisjustanextensionoftheraceforpoweronearth.Onlythewealthiestnationscancompeteandtheydosointhenameofpurescientificresearch.Butinrealityalltheyareinterestedinispowerandprestige.Theywanttoimpressustheirspectatorswithamagnificentshowofstrength.Manhasplayedthepowergameeversinceheappearedonearth.Nowheisplayingitasithasneverbeenplayedbefore.Thespaceraceisjustanotheraspectoftheage-oldargumentthat"mightisright". 43__________Butwhathasthespaceracedonetorelievethesufferingoftheearth’sstarvingmillionsInwhatwayhasitraisedthestandardoflivingofanyoneofusAsfarasthelaymanisconcernedthepracticalresultsofallthisexpenditureofmoneyandeffortsarenegligible.Thankstospaceresearchwecannowseetelevisionpicturestransmittedlivehalfwayacrosstheglobeandthehousewifecanusenon-stickfryingpansinthekitchen.Thewholethingbecomesutterlyabsurdwhenyouthinkthatnomatterwhatproblemsmanovercomesitisunlikelythathewilleverbeabletotraveleventotheneareststar. 44__________Forthefirsttimeinhishistorymanhastheoverwhelmingtechnologicalresourcestocombathumansufferingyethesquandersthemonmeaninglesspursuits. 45__________Individualswithlimitedbudgetsusuallygettheirprioritiesright;theyprovidethemselveswithnecessitiesbeforetryingtoobtainluxuries.Whycan’tgreatnationsactinthesamesensiblewayLetusputourhouseinorderfirstandletspacelookafteritself. [A]Anincreasingnumberofpeopleevenbegintopictureaspacetravelinrecentyears. [B]Povertyhungerdiseaseandwarareman’sgreatestenemiesandtheworldwouldbeaninfinitelybetterplaceifthepowerfulnationsdevotedhalfasmuchmoneyandefforttotheseproblemsastheydotothespacerace. [C]Thespaceraceisnotsimplytheobjectivesearchforknowledgethoughitisoftenmadeouttobe. [D]Ontheotherhandpeoplebenefitdramaticallyfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology. [E]Thisishardlyvalueformoneywhenyouthinkthatourownearthcanprovidecountlesssightsthatareinfinitelymoreexcitingandspectacular. [F]Weareoftentoldthattechnologicalknow-howacquiredinattemptingtogetusintoorbitwillbeutilizedtomakebetteronearth. [G]Ifamandeprivedhimselfandhisfamilyoffoodinordertobuyandrunacarwewouldconsiderhimmad. 41
WhiletheripplesofAmerica’ssubprime-mortgagecrisishavespreadfarandwideLatinAmerica—aplacelongassociatedwithfinancialdisaster—hasremainedimprobablycalm.Bankshavereportednounpleasantsurprises.BrazilandPeruhavebeenblessedwithcovetedinvestment-graderatings.SurprisinglyperhapsthefleetestcountryofallhasbeenArgentina.Sinceitemergedfromthefinancialcrisisof2001-02ithasbeenoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingeconomies.Itisexpectedtoexpandfasterthanmostofitsneighborsagainthisyear.Quitesimplyitbarelyhasanycredit.Backwhenitseconomyvirtuallycollapsedthecountrysufferedarunonitsbanksfollowedbyafreezeonwithdrawalsandamassivecurrencydevaluation.Asaresultbanklendingtotheprivatesectorshrivelledfrom23.8%ofGDPin2000to10.8%in2003.Sincethenithasreboundedtoapiddling13%;bycontrasttheratioinBrazilwas36.5%in2006.AlmostalloftheseloansinArgentinaareaccessibleonlyonashort-termbasis.OnceitsrecoverybeganinJune2002Argentinabecameaparadiseforbusiness.Unemploymentofover20%keptwagesdownandthedevaluationgaveexportersanedgeonforeigncompetitors.Theampleproductivecapacityleftidlebythecrisismeantfirmscouldexpandwithoutmakingbiginvestments.Andthewindfallprofitsreapedbyagriculturalexportersthankstorecordcommoditiespricesenabledmanyofthemtofinancenewprojectsoutofearnings.Hencetheeconomycouldgrowatalmost9%ayearwithlittleneedforcredit.Butsuchaluckyconfluenceoffactorscouldnotlast.Startinginearly2005.inflationpickedupasignthattheinstalledcapacitywasstartingtolimitoutput.Salariesandpricesforrawmaterialsincreasedsharplycuttingintoprofits.Andfarmerswereparticularlyhardhitwhenthegovernmentnearlydoubledthetaxesinfarmexports.Nowjustascompaniesneedtoembarkonbiginvestmentsiftheyaretokeepgrowingtheirmarginsarenolongerbigenoughtopayfortheexpansionandtheyneedtoborrow.Sothetimeisripeforthecountry’sfinancialsystemtorecover.Butanumberofthingsareintheway.ForemostisArgentina’sbusinessrisk.Thoseintheinformaleconomywhichrepresentsover40%ofGDPcanneithersavenorborrowlegallylesttheybecomeknowntothetaxmen.Therestremaincowedbymemoriesofthecrisis.AlthoughArgentineshavepouredtheirsavingsintopropertyfuellingaconstructionboomtheystillholdaboutfour-fifthsoftheirdepositsabroad.Inflationfuelledbyapublic-spendingbingestate-mandatedwageincreasesandacheapcurrencyisnothelpingeither.Nooneknowshowhighitis.Theconsumer-priceindexisdoctoredtokeeptheofficialratebelow10%butprivateestimatessuggestitisnear25%.Withoutareliableindexofinflationlendingisalmostimpossibleevenforthemediumterm.Andthecentralbankhaskeptinterestratesstronglynegativeinrealtermsencouragingworkerstospendtheirwagesratherthantosave.AccordingtotheauthorArgentina’sfinancialrecoveryhasbeenblockedbecause______.
Anewstudyfindsthatblacksondeathrow1ofkillingwhitesaremorelikelytobeexecutedthanwhiteswhokillminorities.Italsoconcludesthatblackswhokill2minoritiesare3likelytobeexecutedthanblackswhokillwhites.ForexamplethereismorethanatwofoldgreaterriskthatanAfrican-Americanwhokilledawhitewillbeexecutedthanawhitepersonwhokillsa4victim.AHispanicisatleast1.45morelikelytobeexecuted6suchanoffenderkillsawhite. Theresearchersofthestudybelievethattherearetwo7explanations..Firstprosecutorsoftenwin8officeiftheywinwell-publicizedcases.Whenablackkillsawhitesuchkillingsgetsmore9andthisideacanbe10bymanyfamouscases.11thecourtjudgesatthestatelevelareoften12toelectionscalledretentionelections.RetentionelectionorjudicialretentionwithintheUnitedStatescourtsystemisaperiodicprocessinwhichthevoter13approvalordisapprovalforthejudgespresently14theirpositionandajudgecanberemovedfromthepositionifthe15ofthecitizensvotehimorherout.Justastheresearchers16outdeathpenaltyis17political. ThefindingsofthestudyinshortshowthatAmericanjusticesystemsclearly18whitelivesmorethanthoseofblacksorHispanics.Theresearchersalsosaytheirfindings19seriousdoubtsabout20thattheU.S.criminaljusticesystemiscolorblind. 3
WhiletheripplesofAmerica’ssubprime-mortgagecrisishavespreadfarandwideLatinAmerica—aplacelongassociatedwithfinancialdisaster—hasremainedimprobablycalm.Bankshavereportednounpleasantsurprises.BrazilandPeruhavebeenblessedwithcovetedinvestment-graderatings.SurprisinglyperhapsthefleetestcountryofallhasbeenArgentina.Sinceitemergedfromthefinancialcrisisof2001-02ithasbeenoneoftheworld’sfastest-growingeconomies.Itisexpectedtoexpandfasterthanmostofitsneighborsagainthisyear.Quitesimplyitbarelyhasanycredit.Backwhenitseconomyvirtuallycollapsedthecountrysufferedarunonitsbanksfollowedbyafreezeonwithdrawalsandamassivecurrencydevaluation.Asaresultbanklendingtotheprivatesectorshrivelledfrom23.8%ofGDPin2000to10.8%in2003.Sincethenithasreboundedtoapiddling13%;bycontrasttheratioinBrazilwas36.5%in2006.AlmostalloftheseloansinArgentinaareaccessibleonlyonashort-termbasis.OnceitsrecoverybeganinJune2002Argentinabecameaparadiseforbusiness.Unemploymentofover20%keptwagesdownandthedevaluationgaveexportersanedgeonforeigncompetitors.Theampleproductivecapacityleftidlebythecrisismeantfirmscouldexpandwithoutmakingbiginvestments.Andthewindfallprofitsreapedbyagriculturalexportersthankstorecordcommoditiespricesenabledmanyofthemtofinancenewprojectsoutofearnings.Hencetheeconomycouldgrowatalmost9%ayearwithlittleneedforcredit.Butsuchaluckyconfluenceoffactorscouldnotlast.Startinginearly2005.inflationpickedupasignthattheinstalledcapacitywasstartingtolimitoutput.Salariesandpricesforrawmaterialsincreasedsharplycuttingintoprofits.Andfarmerswereparticularlyhardhitwhenthegovernmentnearlydoubledthetaxesinfarmexports.Nowjustascompaniesneedtoembarkonbiginvestmentsiftheyaretokeepgrowingtheirmarginsarenolongerbigenoughtopayfortheexpansionandtheyneedtoborrow.Sothetimeisripeforthecountry’sfinancialsystemtorecover.Butanumberofthingsareintheway.ForemostisArgentina’sbusinessrisk.Thoseintheinformaleconomywhichrepresentsover40%ofGDPcanneithersavenorborrowlegallylesttheybecomeknowntothetaxmen.Therestremaincowedbymemoriesofthecrisis.AlthoughArgentineshavepouredtheirsavingsintopropertyfuellingaconstructionboomtheystillholdaboutfour-fifthsoftheirdepositsabroad.Inflationfuelledbyapublic-spendingbingestate-mandatedwageincreasesandacheapcurrencyisnothelpingeither.Nooneknowshowhighitis.Theconsumer-priceindexisdoctoredtokeeptheofficialratebelow10%butprivateestimatessuggestitisnear25%.Withoutareliableindexofinflationlendingisalmostimpossibleevenforthemediumterm.Andthecentralbankhaskeptinterestratesstronglynegativeinrealtermsencouragingworkerstospendtheirwagesratherthantosave.whatisthemainideaofthetext
热门题库
更多
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
仲裁法学