首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置:
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
The first day of class is a very important time for faculty to establish a tone for what will happen...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
单项选择从每小题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案—JennydoChinesepeopl
a
an
the
/
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentra
OnthefirstdayofmynewhighschoolIalmosthadanervousbr
—JennydoChinesepeoplecelebrate________EasterDay?—N
the; the
the; a
/; the
/; a
—I’vejustbeentomyfirstlanguageclass.—Ohreally?____
So do I
So have I
So I do
So I have
OnthefirstdayofmynewhighschoolIalmosthadanervousbr
单项选择--JennydoChinesepeoplecelebrateEasterDay?2--No
the; the
the; a
/; the
/; a
MrZhangourEnglishteacherisalwaysthefirsttoourclass
comes
come
to come
coming
Heisastudentof_______.
Class First
the Class One
Class One
First Class
toourclass!MyteachersaidtomeonthefirstdayImether.
MrZhangourEnglishteacherisalwaysthefirsttoourclass
comes
come
to come
coming
Howcolditis!We’veneverhad______thiswinter.
the colder day
a cold day
the coldest day
a colder day
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentra
OnthefirstdayofmynewhighschoolIalmosthadanervousbr
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
The author's father built a bonfire on VE Day.
The author's father had fought in the First World. War.
The author's father had fought in the Second World War.
The author's father threw two chairs on the fire to keep it going.
------I’vebeentomyfirstlanguageclass.-------Ohreal
So do I
So have I
So I do
So I have
Heisastudentof___.
Class First
the Class One
Class One
First Class
Jane__I'vesharedjusteverythingsincethefirstdayofki
who
for whom
with whom
that
OnthefirstdayofmynewhighschoolIalmosthadanervousbr
—JennydoChinesepeoplecelebrate________EasterDay?—N
the;the
the;a
/;the
/;a
热门试题
更多
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefactsunalloyedunslanted不歪曲的objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupplyinterpretationthemeaningofthefacts.ThisisthemostimportantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalism—tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsofthedaytomakeinternationalnewsasunderstandableascommunitynewstorecognizethatthethereisnolongeranysuchthingaslocalnewsbemuseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninmanpowerdraftineconomicstrainintermsindeedofourveryWayoflife.Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouembarkoninterpretationyouareenteringdangerouswaterstheswirlingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshallconfinehimselftothefacts.Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:WhatarethefactsAnd:ArethebarefactsenoughAstothefirstquery.Considerhowaso-calledfactualstorycomesabout.Thereportercollectssayfiftyfacts;outofthesefiftyhisspaceallotmentbeingnecessarilyrestrictedheselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiece.Thisisanimportantdecisionbemusemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph.ThisisJudgmentsNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageonewhereithaslargerimpactoronpagetwenty-fourwhereithaslittleJudgmentNumberThree.Thusinthepresentationofaso-calledfactualorobjectivestoryatleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretationinwhichreporterandeditorcallingupontheirresearchresourcestheirgeneralbackgroundandtheirnewsneutralismarriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.Thetwoareasofjudgmentpresentationofthenewsanditsinterpretationarebothobjectiveratherthansubjectiveprocesses—asobjectivethatisasanyhumanbeingcanbe.Noteinpassing:eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycanneverbeachievedneverthelesstheidealmustalwaysbethebeacononthemurkynewschannels.ifaneditorisintentonslantingthenews.hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatpropup支持hisparticularplea.Orhecandoitbytheplaywhenhegivesastorypromotingittopageoneordemotingittopagethirty.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis______.
Theenergycrisiswhichisbeingfeltaroundtheworldhasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theover-developmentofmotortransportwithitsincreaseofmorecarsmorehighwaysmorepollutionmoresuburbsmorecommutinghascontributedtothenear-destructionofourcitiesthebrokeupofthefamilyandthepollutionnotonlyoflocalairbutalsooftheearth’satmosphere.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.Ourpresentsituationisunlikewarrevolutionordepression.Itisalsounlikethegreatnaturaldisastersofthepast.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelong-rangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstatewhichendangersthefutureofourcountryourchildrenandourearthbutamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayindefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatandpeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanetwhosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcoursetochangethatcourseandtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureinthecrisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—acrisisthatisnopassinginconveniencenobyproductoftheambitionsoftheoil-producingcountriesnoenvironmentalists’merefearsnoby-productofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefaceistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnologybutitsacceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworld’schildrenandfuturegeneration.Whatcontributiondoestheauthorfeelpeoplemustnowmake
Overthelast20yearsenergysystemsandserviceshaveexpanded.Californianowmeetsitsenergyneedsusingavarietyofsourcesfromtraditionalfossilfuelsandnucleartechnologiestorenewableenergyresourcessuchaswindsolargeothermalandbiomass.Technologicaladvancesandgovernmentstandardsandprogramshaveresultedinincreasedenergyefficiencymoreproductandserviceoptionsandacleanerenvironment.Deregulationhaspromotedcompetitioninenergycommoditiessuchasoilnaturalgasandnowelectricity.Intheneartermthemostdramaticchangesintheenergysectoraretakingplaceintheelectricityindustry.AsaresultofAssemblyBill1890Chapter854Statutesof1996manyCalifornianswillhavetheopportunitytochoosetheirelectricityproviderasofApril11998.ByJanuary11999theywillalsobeabletoshopforotherelectricservicessuchasmeteringoptions.46BecauseofthesechangesthisCaliforniaEnergyPlanemphasizesthenewcompetitioninelectricitygenerationincontrasttothediscussionofissuesinthepetroleumandnatural.gassectors.Howeverfuturestateenergypolicymayemphasizeothersectors.CompetitiveEnergyMarkets.California’senergyoversightagenciesmustfacilitatecompetitiontoensurethatthepromiseoflowerpricesandmorevalue-addedservicesarerealized.47Thiscanbeachievedthroughadoptionandenforcementoffairclearandeffectivemarketrulesandbyensuringthatconsumersareprovidedwithsufficientinformationtomakeinformedenergy-relateddecisionsGovernmentmustalsoreduceunnecessarybarrierstomarketentryandstreamlinethelicensingprocessforelectricgenerationfacilities.EconomicExpansion.Californiahasoneofthelargesteconomiesintheworld.48ConsequentlyCalifornia’seconomymustberobustinthefaceofuncertaintyprovidingforeconomicgrowthinconjunctionwithenvironmentalprotectionfortodayandforfuturegenerations.Maintainingtheenergyneedsoftoday’seconomyrequiresvastquantitiesofreliableenergyatreasonableprices.TomaintainorexpandCalifornia’sexcellenceasaworldclasseconomyrequirestechnologicaladvancementsthatenhanceproductivityandimprovetheenvironment.IntheenergyindustrytechnologicaladvancementmustfocusonincreasingdemandandsupplysideefficienciesimprovingtheenvironmentbycreatingcleanerenergyconversiontechnologiesatalllevelsofenergyproductionandenduseandsatisfyingCalifornia’smobilityrequirementsthroughdiversetransportationtechnologiesthatincreasefueleconomytakeadvantageofcleanerfuelsandexpandtransportationoptions.49Advancementsin-theseareasamongotherswillmakeCaliforniaagloballeaderintheworldmarketplaceforenergytechnologieswhilebenefitingallCalifornians.PublicInterest.CompetitiondoesnotprovidealltheanswerstoCalifornia’sneeds.UnlikecertaincommoditiesenergyisessentialforthehealthandsafetyofallCalifornians.Thusthestatemustensurethattheenergyinfrastructureissafecleanandreliable.Thepublicinterestalsodemandsthatenergybeavailableforhomeworkrecreationandtransportation.50Communitiescanhelpmeetthesepublicinterestdemandsthroughefficientlandusedesignsthatreducetotalenergydemandandtheadverseenvironmentalimpactsofenergyuse.California’senergyoversightagenciesmustcontinuetoworktogethertoavoidwherepossibledisruptionstothestate’senergysuppliesandtominimizeanyadverseimpacts.
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuniversitiestofindsolutionstoitsmajorproblems.Itistheuniversitiesthathavebeenchargedwiththeprincipalresponsibilityfordevelopingtheexpertisetoplacemenonthemoon;fordealingwithoururbanproblemsandwithourdeterioratingenvironment;fordevelopingthemeanstofeedtheworld’srapidlyincreasingpopulation.Theeffortinvolvedinmeetingthesedemandspresentsitsownproblems.Inadditionthisconcentrationonthecreationofnewknowledgesignificantlyimpingesontheuniversities’effortstoperformtheirotherprincipalfunctionsthetransmissionandinterpretationofknowledgetheimpartingoftheheritageofthepastandthepreparingofthenextgenerationtocarryitforward.Withregardtothisperhapstheirmosttraditionallysanctionedtaskcollegesanduniversitiestodayfindthemselvesinaserioushindgenerally.OntheonehandthereistheAmericancommitmententeredintoespeciallysinceWW1Itoprovidehighereducationforallyoungpeoplewhocanprofitfromit.Theresultofthecommitmenthasbeenadramaticriseinenrollmentsinouruniversitiescoupledwitharadicalshiftfromtheprivatetothepublicsectorofhighereducation.Ontheotherhandthereareseriousandcontinuinglimitationsontheresourcesavailableforhighereducation.Whilehighereducationhasbecomeagreatgrowthindustryitisalsosimultaneouslyatremendousdrainontheresourcesofnation.Withthevastincreaseinenrollmentandtheshiftinprioritiesawayfromeducationinstateandfederalbudgetsthereisinmostofourpublicinstitutionsasignificantdecreaseinpercapitaoutlayfortheirstudentsonecrucialaspectofthisdrainonresourcesliesinthepersistentshortageoftrainedfacultywhichhasledinrumtoadecliningstandardofcompetenceininstruction.Intensifyingthesedifficultiesisasindicatedabovetheconcernwithresearchwithitscompetingclaimsonresourcesandtheattentionofthefaculty.Inadditionthereisastrongtendencyfortheinstitutions;organizationandfunctioningtoconformtothedemandsofresearchratherthanthoseofteaching.Accordingtothepassage—isthemostimportantfunctionofinstitutionsofhighereducation.
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuniversitiestofindsolutionstoitsmajorproblems.Itistheuniversitiesthathavebeenchargedwiththeprincipalresponsibilityfordevelopingtheexpertisetoplacemenonthemoon;fordealingwithoururbanproblemsandwithourdeterioratingenvironment;fordevelopingthemeanstofeedtheworld’srapidlyincreasingpopulation.Theeffortinvolvedinmeetingthesedemandspresentsitsownproblems.Inadditionthisconcentrationonthecreationofnewknowledgesignificantlyimpingesontheuniversities’effortstoperformtheirotherprincipalfunctionsthetransmissionandinterpretationofknowledgetheimpartingoftheheritageofthepastandthepreparingofthenextgenerationtocarryitforward.Withregardtothisperhapstheirmosttraditionallysanctionedtaskcollegesanduniversitiestodayfindthemselvesinaserioushindgenerally.OntheonehandthereistheAmericancommitmententeredintoespeciallysinceWW1Itoprovidehighereducationforallyoungpeoplewhocanprofitfromit.Theresultofthecommitmenthasbeenadramaticriseinenrollmentsinouruniversitiescoupledwitharadicalshiftfromtheprivatetothepublicsectorofhighereducation.Ontheotherhandthereareseriousandcontinuinglimitationsontheresourcesavailableforhighereducation.Whilehighereducationhasbecomeagreatgrowthindustryitisalsosimultaneouslyatremendousdrainontheresourcesofnation.Withthevastincreaseinenrollmentandtheshiftinprioritiesawayfromeducationinstateandfederalbudgetsthereisinmostofourpublicinstitutionsasignificantdecreaseinpercapitaoutlayfortheirstudentsonecrucialaspectofthisdrainonresourcesliesinthepersistentshortageoftrainedfacultywhichhasledinrumtoadecliningstandardofcompetenceininstruction.Intensifyingthesedifficultiesisasindicatedabovetheconcernwithresearchwithitscompetingclaimsonresourcesandtheattentionofthefaculty.Inadditionthereisastrongtendencyfortheinstitutions;organizationandfunctioningtoconformtothedemandsofresearchratherthanthoseofteaching.ThephraseimpingeoninParagraph1mostprobablymeans______.
Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefactsunalloyedunslanted不歪曲的objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupplyinterpretationthemeaningofthefacts.ThisisthemostimportantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalism—tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsofthedaytomakeinternationalnewsasunderstandableascommunitynewstorecognizethatthethereisnolongeranysuchthingaslocalnewsbemuseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninmanpowerdraftineconomicstrainintermsindeedofourveryWayoflife.Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouembarkoninterpretationyouareenteringdangerouswaterstheswirlingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshallconfinehimselftothefacts.Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:WhatarethefactsAnd:ArethebarefactsenoughAstothefirstquery.Considerhowaso-calledfactualstorycomesabout.Thereportercollectssayfiftyfacts;outofthesefiftyhisspaceallotmentbeingnecessarilyrestrictedheselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiece.Thisisanimportantdecisionbemusemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph.ThisisJudgmentsNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageonewhereithaslargerimpactoronpagetwenty-fourwhereithaslittleJudgmentNumberThree.Thusinthepresentationofaso-calledfactualorobjectivestoryatleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretationinwhichreporterandeditorcallingupontheirresearchresourcestheirgeneralbackgroundandtheirnewsneutralismarriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.Thetwoareasofjudgmentpresentationofthenewsanditsinterpretationarebothobjectiveratherthansubjectiveprocesses—asobjectivethatisasanyhumanbeingcanbe.Noteinpassing:eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycanneverbeachievedneverthelesstheidealmustalwaysbethebeacononthemurkynewschannels.ifaneditorisintentonslantingthenews.hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatpropup支持hisparticularplea.Orhecandoitbytheplaywhenhegivesastorypromotingittopageoneordemotingittopagethirty.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheinterpretationofnews
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
Theenvironmentalandsocialcostsofclosingandrehabilitating恢复oldandabandonedminesaroundtheworldarelikelyintrillionsofdollarsandfarbeyondthecapabilityofminingcompaniesalonetodealwithSirRobertWilsonchairmanofLondon-basedmetalsgiantRioTintoPlcsaidonTuesday.46WilsontoldReutersataminingindustryconferenceonsustainabledevelopmentinTorontothatarecentestimateputsrehabilitationcostsjustintheUnitedStateswhereregulationisstricterthaninmanyothercountriesat$35billion.IfyoulookatwheretherealproblemsareinRussiaEasternEuropeSouthAfricaIndiainatheextentoftheminelegacyissuesisnormousandit’stotallybeyondthecapabilityofthisindustryeitherfinanciallyortechnicallytomakeameaningfulcontributiontothatWilsonsaid.47Hugeandgiganticwereothertermsbeingtossedaroundtodescribetheproblemofoldandabandonedminesatthethree-dayGlobalMiningInitiativemeetinginTorontowhichisbeingheldinpreparationfortheWorldSummitforSustainableDevelopmentinJohannesburginAugust.Butattemptswerefewatfixinganexactcostonwhattheindustrycallsheritageissues—theenvironmentaldestructionandtearsinthesocialfabricleftoverfroma100yearsofminingprojectsthatnoonehastakenresponsibilityfor.Prodtheyarestillhappeningsomeexpertsattheconferencesaid.JamesKuipersoftheU.S.CenterforScienceinPublicParticipationwhichprovidestechnicalservicestolocalandtribalgovernmentssaidhisgroupestimatesthat95percentofoperatingminesintheUnitedStateshaveonlyvagueplansfordealingwiththeenvironmentalconsequencesofshuttingdownsuchasthepollutionoflocalwatercourses.48Hesaidthatincaseswhereownershavejustwalkedawayorgonebankruptitisthetaxpayerthathasbeenstuckwiththeliability.ThepublicnolongerfavorsnewminingintheUnitedStatesandmistrustsexistingminesheadded.WilsontoldReutersthatmostlargeestablishedcompaniesareabletocometotermswithmineclosures.RioTintoandseveralotherbigcompaniesmakeseriousprovisionsforenvironmentalandsocialrehabilitationastheplanningstagesoftheirprojectshesaid.49ButtherearesomeparticularareasofconcernforlargegoldoperationsintheUnitedStateswhichhavegotquiteasubstantialenvironmentalheritage.Iknowthatisworryingoneortwocompaniesquitealotintermsofthepotentiallyverylargeliabilitiesthatwillbecrystallized明确onclosure.Therearegoingtobesomecompaniesthataregoingtobesweatingonthisabithesaid.50ManydelegatesattheconferencestressedthatgovernmentsmustbecomemoreinvolvedintheissuesofmineclosingsandKuiperssuggestedtaxingmetalsconsumptiontohelppayfortheclean-up.Somesaidaglobalclosurefundshouldbecreatedwithcontributionsfromindustrygovernmentandinstitutions.ButWorldBankofficialMonikaWeberFahrwhonotedthattheWorldBankistheNo.1sourceofmine-closingfinanceswarnedthatknowingthereisaback-upwouldencourageirresponsibility.Itshouldbethepolluterthatshouldbepayingshesaid.
Overthelast20yearsenergysystemsandserviceshaveexpanded.Californianowmeetsitsenergyneedsusingavarietyofsourcesfromtraditionalfossilfuelsandnucleartechnologiestorenewableenergyresourcessuchaswindsolargeothermalandbiomass.Technologicaladvancesandgovernmentstandardsandprogramshaveresultedinincreasedenergyefficiencymoreproductandserviceoptionsandacleanerenvironment.Deregulationhaspromotedcompetitioninenergycommoditiessuchasoilnaturalgasandnowelectricity.Intheneartermthemostdramaticchangesintheenergysectoraretakingplaceintheelectricityindustry.AsaresultofAssemblyBill1890Chapter854Statutesof1996manyCalifornianswillhavetheopportunitytochoosetheirelectricityproviderasofApril11998.ByJanuary11999theywillalsobeabletoshopforotherelectricservicessuchasmeteringoptions.46BecauseofthesechangesthisCaliforniaEnergyPlanemphasizesthenewcompetitioninelectricitygenerationincontrasttothediscussionofissuesinthepetroleumandnatural.gassectors.Howeverfuturestateenergypolicymayemphasizeothersectors.CompetitiveEnergyMarkets.California’senergyoversightagenciesmustfacilitatecompetitiontoensurethatthepromiseoflowerpricesandmorevalue-addedservicesarerealized.47Thiscanbeachievedthroughadoptionandenforcementoffairclearandeffectivemarketrulesandbyensuringthatconsumersareprovidedwithsufficientinformationtomakeinformedenergy-relateddecisionsGovernmentmustalsoreduceunnecessarybarrierstomarketentryandstreamlinethelicensingprocessforelectricgenerationfacilities.EconomicExpansion.Californiahasoneofthelargesteconomiesintheworld.48ConsequentlyCalifornia’seconomymustberobustinthefaceofuncertaintyprovidingforeconomicgrowthinconjunctionwithenvironmentalprotectionfortodayandforfuturegenerations.Maintainingtheenergyneedsoftoday’seconomyrequiresvastquantitiesofreliableenergyatreasonableprices.TomaintainorexpandCalifornia’sexcellenceasaworldclasseconomyrequirestechnologicaladvancementsthatenhanceproductivityandimprovetheenvironment.IntheenergyindustrytechnologicaladvancementmustfocusonincreasingdemandandsupplysideefficienciesimprovingtheenvironmentbycreatingcleanerenergyconversiontechnologiesatalllevelsofenergyproductionandenduseandsatisfyingCalifornia’smobilityrequirementsthroughdiversetransportationtechnologiesthatincreasefueleconomytakeadvantageofcleanerfuelsandexpandtransportationoptions.49Advancementsin-theseareasamongotherswillmakeCaliforniaagloballeaderintheworldmarketplaceforenergytechnologieswhilebenefitingallCalifornians.PublicInterest.CompetitiondoesnotprovidealltheanswerstoCalifornia’sneeds.UnlikecertaincommoditiesenergyisessentialforthehealthandsafetyofallCalifornians.Thusthestatemustensurethattheenergyinfrastructureissafecleanandreliable.Thepublicinterestalsodemandsthatenergybeavailableforhomeworkrecreationandtransportation.50Communitiescanhelpmeetthesepublicinterestdemandsthroughefficientlandusedesignsthatreducetotalenergydemandandtheadverseenvironmentalimpactsofenergyuse.California’senergyoversightagenciesmustcontinuetoworktogethertoavoidwherepossibledisruptionstothestate’senergysuppliesandtominimizeanyadverseimpacts.
Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefactsunalloyedunslanted不歪曲的objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemore;itmustsupplyinterpretationthemeaningofthefacts.ThisisthemostimportantassignmentconfrontingAmericanjournalism—tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsofthedaytomakeinternationalnewsasunderstandableascommunitynewstorecognizethatthethereisnolongeranysuchthingaslocalnewsbemuseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninmanpowerdraftineconomicstrainintermsindeedofourveryWayoflife.Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyouembarkoninterpretationyouareenteringdangerouswaterstheswirlingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshallconfinehimselftothefacts.Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:WhatarethefactsAnd:ArethebarefactsenoughAstothefirstquery.Considerhowaso-calledfactualstorycomesabout.Thereportercollectssayfiftyfacts;outofthesefiftyhisspaceallotmentbeingnecessarilyrestrictedheselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallconstitutetheleadofthepiece.Thisisanimportantdecisionbemusemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph.ThisisJudgmentsNumberTwo.Thenthenighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageonewhereithaslargerimpactoronpagetwenty-fourwhereithaslittleJudgmentNumberThree.Thusinthepresentationofaso-calledfactualorobjectivestoryatleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretationinwhichreporterandeditorcallingupontheirresearchresourcestheirgeneralbackgroundandtheirnewsneutralismarriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.Thetwoareasofjudgmentpresentationofthenewsanditsinterpretationarebothobjectiveratherthansubjectiveprocesses—asobjectivethatisasanyhumanbeingcanbe.Noteinpassing:eventhoughcompleteobjectivitycanneverbeachievedneverthelesstheidealmustalwaysbethebeacononthemurkynewschannels.ifaneditorisintentonslantingthenews.hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatpropup支持hisparticularplea.Orhecandoitbytheplaywhenhegivesastorypromotingittopageoneordemotingittopagethirty.Whyshouldtheleadsentencepresentthemostimportantfact
MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflightfromtherealityofdeath.OneofthestrikingqualitiesoftheAmericancharacteristheunwillingnesstofaceeitherthefactormeaningofdeath.InthemoresombertraditionofAmericanliterature-fromHawthorneandMelvilleandPoetoFaulknerandHemingway—onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurfacethinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.Byaneffortoftheimaginationthegreatwritersfacedproblemsthatthecultureinactionisreluctanttoface—thefactofdeathitsmysteryanditsplacein.theback-and-forthshuttlingoftheeternalrecurrence.TheunblinkingconfrontationofdeathinGreektimetheelaboratetheologicalpatternswovenarounditintheMiddleAgestheritualcelebrationofitintherichpeasantculturesofLatinandSlavicEuropeandinprimitivecultures;thesearedifficulttofindinAmericanlife.WhetherthroughfearoftheemotionaldepthsorbecauseofadryingupofthesluicesofreligiousintensitytheAmericanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencorningtotermswithit;hefindsitmorbidandrecoilsfromitsurroundingitwithwordavoidanceAmericansneverdie;theypassawayandvarioustaboosofspeechandpractice.Afuneralparlorisdecoratedtolooklikeabank;everythinginafuneralceremonyisdoneinhushedtonesasifitweresomethingfurtivetobeconcealedfromtheworld;thereissomuchemphasisonbeingdignifiedthattheceremonyoftenlosesitsqualityofdignity.Insomeoftheprimitiveculturesthereisdifficultyinunderstandingthemusesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandevenunintelligible.LivinginascientificcultureAmericanshaveareadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomesyettheyshowlittlecapacitytocometotermswiththefactofdeathitselfandwiththegriefthataccompaniesit.WejubilateoverbirthanddanceatweddingswritesMargaretMeadbutmoreandmorehustlethedeathoffthescenewithoutceremonywithoutanopportunityforyoungandoldtorealizethatdeathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth.AndonemayaddeveninitshurryandbrevitythelaststageofanAmerican’slife—thelastoccasionofthisrelationtohissociety—isasstandardizedastherest.InthenovelsofHawthorneandMelvilleonewillfind______.
Theongoingincreaseinthenumberofself-financeduniversitystudentsand.theopeningofprivateuniversitiesareindispensablestepsifChinaistodevelopthelargeanddiverseeducationsectoritwillneedtosustainitseconomicgrowthinthecomingdecades.ButifpayingtuitionandhousingfeesbecomesthenormwhatwillhappentostudentsfrompoorfamiliesShouldtheyjustbewrittenoffOrprovidedwithatrickleofcharityscholarshipsjustsufficienttobringahandfulofthebrightestpoorstudentstoeachcampus41__________.Forlessgiftedyoungpeoplethereisconsiderablefinancialaidintheformofpartialscholarshipsbasedoneconomicneedgovernmentbackedbankloansandcampusjobs.Plustherearelow-payingbutnonethelesshelpfuloff-campusjobsintheservicesectorusuallyabundantincitiesandtownswithlargestudentpopulations.AnymodestlyintelligentAmericankidfromapoorfamilycanifheunderstandsthevalueofauniversityeducationfindthemeanstoattenduniversity.42__________.Chinaneedseasyeducationalcredit.Thecostofhighereducationhereisstillfairlylowespeciallyrelativetothesalariesthatpeoplewithuniversitydegreesarelikelytobeearning10or15yearsaftergraduation.Scholarshipsforthebrightchildrenoftheruralandurbanpoorshouldbeexpandedbutsomethingmoreisrequired:asystemofcheapgovernment-guaranteedlong-termloansthatanyteenageradmittedtoauniversitycouldreadilyobtain.Theinvestmentwouldbemodestthesocialpayoffhugeinpromotingtalentfunnelingideasfordevelopmenttoout-of-the-wayandeconomicallydepressedlocalitiesandmaintainingthecountry’sstability.43__________.HavingtaughtinChinaattheuniversitylevelformanyyearsIamverymuchinfavorofincreasingthenumberofstudentsfrompeasantandurbanpoorfamilies.SomeofthemostimpressivestudentsIhaveknownheretendedwaterbuffaloorplantedriceaschildren--andmanynaymostoftheleastimpressivegrewupinprosperousurbanfamilies.44__________.Theyarelearninghowtoadapttonewsettingsanddevelopanunderstandingofpeopleverydifferentfromthemselves.Theireyesareopen.45__________.Andthesehot-housekidsaresupposedtomakecareerchoicesat18—onthebasisofwhatIntheendofwhateverotherpeoplearedoingorwhattheirparentstellthemtodowhichamountstomuchthesamething.Thisisaboutasfoolishawaytoconductone’slifeasIcanimagine.Theytooneedtoacquireasenseoflifeasagrandexplorationhoweverpuzzlingandlearntonegotiatealienenvironmentsandunfamiliarsituations.Theymustlearntoquestionanddiscovertomaketheirownmistakesandtolearnfromthem.A.AndtheyneedtoknowtheirowncountrywhichwillneverhappenonthebasisofclassroominstructionandwatchingTV.B.IncontrastIamforeveramazedtotalktoquitebrightBeijingkidswhoknownexttonothingevenaboutthiscitytheirownimmediateenvironment;worsetheydonothaveaninklingoftheextentoftheirownignorance.C.IntheUSparadoxicallypoorstudentsoftenhaveaneasiertimefinancingtheirhighereducationthandomiddle-classkids.Brightteenagersfromunderprivilegedbackgroundsareactivelyrecruitedbyeliteprivateuniversitieswhichsupplygenerousfinancialaid.D.Indeedthesystemofloansoughttobeopentosecondarystudentsaswellsnochildshouldbeforcedtodropoutofschoolintoday’sChinabecausehisorherparentscan’taffordschoolfees.E.Mixingwell-offBeijingkidswithpeasantandpoorteenagersoncampusissuretoproducebetterinformedandshrewderChinesecitizens.Anycampusintoday’sChinawithoutasubstantialnumberofpeasantandpoorstudentsisnotafitenvironmentforeducatingyoungpeople.F.TheruralstudentsinparticularknowthingsaboutlifeinChinathatarewhollylostonkidswhohavegrownupinsideover-protectiveBeijingfamilieswheretheyspenttheiradolescencedoingpreciouslittlebutplayvideogameswatchTVandstudyforthenationaluniversityentranceexam.Theruralstudentshavealreadyhadexperienceoftwoorthreemajorsocialadjustmentstypicallyvillagelargetown—bigcity;theirlivesareanunfoldingexploration.G.Inotherwordsitisculturalfactorsandpsychologicalmotivationnotfamilyincomethatdeterminewhocango.SinceWorldWarⅡcollegesanduniversitiesabovealllow-coststateschoolshaveactedassocialescalatorsliftingmillionsofpoorimmigrantandworking-classyoungpeopleintothemiddleclass.
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
AtYaleUniversitysometenstudentsliveoffcampusinacooperativehometheycalltheGreenHouse.41__________.Lateatnighttheydrivetothestoreandquietlyjumpintoitscar-sizeddumpsterpickingoutunopenedpackagesofstillfreshfood.Theyfindmilkeggsbreadandcookieschocolatesoupvegetablesevenfrozenpizzasandsoymilk.NotonlyaremostGreenHouseresidentsvegetarianbuttheyarealsomoderatefreegansmeaningthattheyeatmainlywhattheycangetforfree.Thesestudentsofcoursearetryingtoleaveassmallanecologicalfootprintaspossible.42__________.AcrossAmericaotherdevoutenvironmentaliststireoffthegridbuildingshacksinthewildernesswithoutrunningwaterorelectricity.Frustratedwithenvironmentaldestructionandwastetheyhaverenouncedthesystemthatfostersandperpetuatesit.Suchasceticanti-consumerismmaybethemostdramaticsideofenvironmentalismanditleadstoculturalfermentthatcansetintomotionpoliticalandeconomicchange.Itspractitionersfocusonpersonalsacrificehopingthattheiridealsandasceticismwillspreadlikeareligion.43__________.Ourpoliticalandeconomicsystemsaredeeplyimmature.Environmentalistsneedmspendjustasmuchenergyorganizingpoliticalandeconomicenvironmentalism.Alsoold-fashionedenvironmentalismoftenassumesthatbusinessisopposedtoenvironmentalprotection.InfactthousandsofUScompaniesarediscoveringoftenwiththehelpofenergyconsultantshowmuchmoneytheyhavetostandfrombecomingenvironmentallyefficient:savingenergyandrecyclingwithinindustry.TherecentbookNaturalCapitalism:CreatingtheNextIndustrialRevolutionbyPaulHawkenetalnowtranslatedintoChineseshouldgetsomeofthecreditforbringingaboutthistransformationinattitudes.ParadoxicallytheUSisboththebirthplaceofglobalenvironmentalismandtheworld’sbiggestenvironmentalspender.RomanticismtheEuropeanandAmericanliteraryandartisticmovementthatfoundGodinthewildernesshadastronglongtermimpactonAmericanthinkingstartinginthemiddlethirdofthe19thcentury.InparticularrenewedattentiontotheessaysofHenryDavidThoreau1817-62helpedlaunchmodernenvironmentalismacenturyafterhisdeath.44__________WhythediscrepancyMostenvironmentaldamagecannotbeboileddowntothechoicesmadebyindividuals.Ratherindividualsarelockedintoasysteminwhichheavyindustrycommitsthemajorityofecologicalcrimesbuttressedbyaneconomicsystemthatsquandersnaturalresources.Thegovernmentgivesawayminingrightsandopenspublicforeststologgerspracticallyforfree——andbigbusinessspendsmillionsofdollarstomakesurepoliticianskeepondoingso.45__________.Formanyenvironmentalproblemsthesolutionisorganizedpoliticalpressureandentrepreneurialinnovation.A.AttimesthemoralconvictionandworldviewoftheGreenHouseappearasallencompassingasareligiousfaith.GreenHouseinmatesliveinthemostenvironmentallypiouswayonecouldconceiveofinthecity.B.Buteffectiveenvironmentalismrequiresmorethanwordsmorethanculturalchange.Itrequireslegalandeconomicreform.Itdemandshistoricallyunprecedentedpoliciesincorporatingthevalueofcherishednaturalresourcesinmarketcalculations.Itcallsforneworganizationsandentrepreneurialcommitment.AnyonehaveanyideasC.Butonedrawbackoffocusingenvironmentalistenergyonabstainingfrompersonalconsumptionisthatsuchanapproachcandistractpeoplefromthelargermusesofenvironmentaldestructionwhichcannotbeaffectedbyindividualchoicestoconsumeornottoconsume.D.Othergovernmentsubsidiessupportseveralfilthyindustries.Whilethegovernmentpaysfornewfreewaysthussubsidizingautomobilesitignorestrainsandbusnetworks.Pollutersdon’tpaytherealcostofexternalitiessuchastoxicwasteandairandwaterpollution.E.TheyrecyclecansbottlesandpapermeticulouslysortingthemintothebinscollectedbymunicipaltrucksinAmericancities.Theyreusegreywatermeaningthattheyplugthedrainwhentheyshowerandthenusebucketstoflushthetoiletwiththeoldsoapywater.Topreventfoodfromgoingtowastetheyevengetmostoftheirgroceriesoutofthetrashofanupscalegrocerystore.F.Weshouldrecallhoweverthatenvironmentalistshaveoftenbeenfobbedoffwithtokengesturesidletalkandunimplementedtreaties.EvenPresidentBushwhohastheworstenvironmentalrecordofanyAmericanpresidentsofarhasmasteredtheartoflargelyemptyenvironmentalistrhetoric.G.YettodayAmericawithonly596oftheworld’spopulationproduces2496ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.TheUSlikemanyotherrichcountrieshascleanedupitsairandwaterbutitisstillthebiggestcontributortothegreatestenvironmentalthreateverglobalclimatechang
MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflightfromtherealityofdeath.OneofthestrikingqualitiesoftheAmericancharacteristheunwillingnesstofaceeitherthefactormeaningofdeath.InthemoresombertraditionofAmericanliterature-fromHawthorneandMelvilleandPoetoFaulknerandHemingway—onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurfacethinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.Byaneffortoftheimaginationthegreatwritersfacedproblemsthatthecultureinactionisreluctanttoface—thefactofdeathitsmysteryanditsplacein.theback-and-forthshuttlingoftheeternalrecurrence.TheunblinkingconfrontationofdeathinGreektimetheelaboratetheologicalpatternswovenarounditintheMiddleAgestheritualcelebrationofitintherichpeasantculturesofLatinandSlavicEuropeandinprimitivecultures;thesearedifficulttofindinAmericanlife.WhetherthroughfearoftheemotionaldepthsorbecauseofadryingupofthesluicesofreligiousintensitytheAmericanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencorningtotermswithit;hefindsitmorbidandrecoilsfromitsurroundingitwithwordavoidanceAmericansneverdie;theypassawayandvarioustaboosofspeechandpractice.Afuneralparlorisdecoratedtolooklikeabank;everythinginafuneralceremonyisdoneinhushedtonesasifitweresomethingfurtivetobeconcealedfromtheworld;thereissomuchemphasisonbeingdignifiedthattheceremonyoftenlosesitsqualityofdignity.Insomeoftheprimitiveculturesthereisdifficultyinunderstandingthemusesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandevenunintelligible.LivinginascientificcultureAmericanshaveareadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomesyettheyshowlittlecapacitytocometotermswiththefactofdeathitselfandwiththegriefthataccompaniesit.WejubilateoverbirthanddanceatweddingswritesMargaretMeadbutmoreandmorehustlethedeathoffthescenewithoutceremonywithoutanopportunityforyoungandoldtorealizethatdeathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth.AndonemayaddeveninitshurryandbrevitythelaststageofanAmerican’slife—thelastoccasionofthisrelationtohissociety—isasstandardizedastherest.Intheauthor’sopinionAmericanrefusetodwellontheideaofdeath______>
Directions:YouhavelearnedthatyourformerEnglishteacheratmiddleschoolisillthesedays.Writealettertoher.Yourlettershouldincludethefollowingitems:1expressyourconcern;2askafterherhealth;3giveyourbestwishes.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseChenYanginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
Theenvironmentalandsocialcostsofclosingandrehabilitating恢复oldandabandonedminesaroundtheworldarelikelyintrillionsofdollarsandfarbeyondthecapabilityofminingcompaniesalonetodealwithSirRobertWilsonchairmanofLondon-basedmetalsgiantRioTintoPlcsaidonTuesday.46WilsontoldReutersataminingindustryconferenceonsustainabledevelopmentinTorontothatarecentestimateputsrehabilitationcostsjustintheUnitedStateswhereregulationisstricterthaninmanyothercountriesat$35billion.IfyoulookatwheretherealproblemsareinRussiaEasternEuropeSouthAfricaIndiainatheextentoftheminelegacyissuesisnormousandit’stotallybeyondthecapabilityofthisindustryeitherfinanciallyortechnicallytomakeameaningfulcontributiontothatWilsonsaid.47Hugeandgiganticwereothertermsbeingtossedaroundtodescribetheproblemofoldandabandonedminesatthethree-dayGlobalMiningInitiativemeetinginTorontowhichisbeingheldinpreparationfortheWorldSummitforSustainableDevelopmentinJohannesburginAugust.Butattemptswerefewatfixinganexactcostonwhattheindustrycallsheritageissues—theenvironmentaldestructionandtearsinthesocialfabricleftoverfroma100yearsofminingprojectsthatnoonehastakenresponsibilityfor.Prodtheyarestillhappeningsomeexpertsattheconferencesaid.JamesKuipersoftheU.S.CenterforScienceinPublicParticipationwhichprovidestechnicalservicestolocalandtribalgovernmentssaidhisgroupestimatesthat95percentofoperatingminesintheUnitedStateshaveonlyvagueplansfordealingwiththeenvironmentalconsequencesofshuttingdownsuchasthepollutionoflocalwatercourses.48Hesaidthatincaseswhereownershavejustwalkedawayorgonebankruptitisthetaxpayerthathasbeenstuckwiththeliability.ThepublicnolongerfavorsnewminingintheUnitedStatesandmistrustsexistingminesheadded.WilsontoldReutersthatmostlargeestablishedcompaniesareabletocometotermswithmineclosures.RioTintoandseveralotherbigcompaniesmakeseriousprovisionsforenvironmentalandsocialrehabilitationastheplanningstagesoftheirprojectshesaid.49ButtherearesomeparticularareasofconcernforlargegoldoperationsintheUnitedStateswhichhavegotquiteasubstantialenvironmentalheritage.Iknowthatisworryingoneortwocompaniesquitealotintermsofthepotentiallyverylargeliabilitiesthatwillbecrystallized明确onclosure.Therearegoingtobesomecompaniesthataregoingtobesweatingonthisabithesaid.50ManydelegatesattheconferencestressedthatgovernmentsmustbecomemoreinvolvedintheissuesofmineclosingsandKuiperssuggestedtaxingmetalsconsumptiontohelppayfortheclean-up.Somesaidaglobalclosurefundshouldbecreatedwithcontributionsfromindustrygovernmentandinstitutions.ButWorldBankofficialMonikaWeberFahrwhonotedthattheWorldBankistheNo.1sourceofmine-closingfinanceswarnedthatknowingthereisaback-upwouldencourageirresponsibility.Itshouldbethepolluterthatshouldbepayingshesaid.
AtYaleUniversitysometenstudentsliveoffcampusinacooperativehometheycalltheGreenHouse.41__________.Lateatnighttheydrivetothestoreandquietlyjumpintoitscar-sizeddumpsterpickingoutunopenedpackagesofstillfreshfood.Theyfindmilkeggsbreadandcookieschocolatesoupvegetablesevenfrozenpizzasandsoymilk.NotonlyaremostGreenHouseresidentsvegetarianbuttheyarealsomoderatefreegansmeaningthattheyeatmainlywhattheycangetforfree.Thesestudentsofcoursearetryingtoleaveassmallanecologicalfootprintaspossible.42__________.AcrossAmericaotherdevoutenvironmentaliststireoffthegridbuildingshacksinthewildernesswithoutrunningwaterorelectricity.Frustratedwithenvironmentaldestructionandwastetheyhaverenouncedthesystemthatfostersandperpetuatesit.Suchasceticanti-consumerismmaybethemostdramaticsideofenvironmentalismanditleadstoculturalfermentthatcansetintomotionpoliticalandeconomicchange.Itspractitionersfocusonpersonalsacrificehopingthattheiridealsandasceticismwillspreadlikeareligion.43__________.Ourpoliticalandeconomicsystemsaredeeplyimmature.Environmentalistsneedmspendjustasmuchenergyorganizingpoliticalandeconomicenvironmentalism.Alsoold-fashionedenvironmentalismoftenassumesthatbusinessisopposedtoenvironmentalprotection.InfactthousandsofUScompaniesarediscoveringoftenwiththehelpofenergyconsultantshowmuchmoneytheyhavetostandfrombecomingenvironmentallyefficient:savingenergyandrecyclingwithinindustry.TherecentbookNaturalCapitalism:CreatingtheNextIndustrialRevolutionbyPaulHawkenetalnowtranslatedintoChineseshouldgetsomeofthecreditforbringingaboutthistransformationinattitudes.ParadoxicallytheUSisboththebirthplaceofglobalenvironmentalismandtheworld’sbiggestenvironmentalspender.RomanticismtheEuropeanandAmericanliteraryandartisticmovementthatfoundGodinthewildernesshadastronglongtermimpactonAmericanthinkingstartinginthemiddlethirdofthe19thcentury.InparticularrenewedattentiontotheessaysofHenryDavidThoreau1817-62helpedlaunchmodernenvironmentalismacenturyafterhisdeath.44__________WhythediscrepancyMostenvironmentaldamagecannotbeboileddowntothechoicesmadebyindividuals.Ratherindividualsarelockedintoasysteminwhichheavyindustrycommitsthemajorityofecologicalcrimesbuttressedbyaneconomicsystemthatsquandersnaturalresources.Thegovernmentgivesawayminingrightsandopenspublicforeststologgerspracticallyforfree——andbigbusinessspendsmillionsofdollarstomakesurepoliticianskeepondoingso.45__________.Formanyenvironmentalproblemsthesolutionisorganizedpoliticalpressureandentrepreneurialinnovation.A.AttimesthemoralconvictionandworldviewoftheGreenHouseappearasallencompassingasareligiousfaith.GreenHouseinmatesliveinthemostenvironmentallypiouswayonecouldconceiveofinthecity.B.Buteffectiveenvironmentalismrequiresmorethanwordsmorethanculturalchange.Itrequireslegalandeconomicreform.Itdemandshistoricallyunprecedentedpoliciesincorporatingthevalueofcherishednaturalresourcesinmarketcalculations.Itcallsforneworganizationsandentrepreneurialcommitment.AnyonehaveanyideasC.Butonedrawbackoffocusingenvironmentalistenergyonabstainingfrompersonalconsumptionisthatsuchanapproachcandistractpeoplefromthelargermusesofenvironmentaldestructionwhichcannotbeaffectedbyindividualchoicestoconsumeornottoconsume.D.Othergovernmentsubsidiessupportseveralfilthyindustries.Whilethegovernmentpaysfornewfreewaysthussubsidizingautomobilesitignorestrainsandbusnetworks.Pollutersdon’tpaytherealcostofexternalitiessuchastoxicwasteandairandwaterpollution.E.TheyrecyclecansbottlesandpapermeticulouslysortingthemintothebinscollectedbymunicipaltrucksinAmericancities.Theyreusegreywatermeaningthattheyplugthedrainwhentheyshowerandthenusebucketstoflushthetoiletwiththeoldsoapywater.Topreventfoodfromgoingtowastetheyevengetmostoftheirgroceriesoutofthetrashofanupscalegrocerystore.F.Weshouldrecallhoweverthatenvironmentalistshaveoftenbeenfobbedoffwithtokengesturesidletalkandunimplementedtreaties.EvenPresidentBushwhohastheworstenvironmentalrecordofanyAmericanpresidentsofarhasmasteredtheartoflargelyemptyenvironmentalistrhetoric.G.YettodayAmericawithonly596oftheworld’spopulationproduces2496ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.TheUSlikemanyotherrichcountrieshascleanedupitsairandwaterbutitisstillthebiggestcontributortothegreatestenvironmentalthreateverglobalclimatechang
Theenergycrisiswhichisbeingfeltaroundtheworldhasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theover-developmentofmotortransportwithitsincreaseofmorecarsmorehighwaysmorepollutionmoresuburbsmorecommutinghascontributedtothenear-destructionofourcitiesthebrokeupofthefamilyandthepollutionnotonlyoflocalairbutalsooftheearth’satmosphere.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.Ourpresentsituationisunlikewarrevolutionordepression.Itisalsounlikethegreatnaturaldisastersofthepast.Worldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelong-rangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstatewhichendangersthefutureofourcountryourchildrenandourearthbutamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayindefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatandpeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanetwhosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcoursetochangethatcourseandtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureinthecrisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—acrisisthatisnopassinginconveniencenobyproductoftheambitionsoftheoil-producingcountriesnoenvironmentalists’merefearsnoby-productofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefaceistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnologybutitsacceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworld’schildrenandfuturegeneration.Accordingtotheauthorwhatisoneexampleofourlossofmorality
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
AtYaleUniversitysometenstudentsliveoffcampusinacooperativehometheycalltheGreenHouse.41__________.Lateatnighttheydrivetothestoreandquietlyjumpintoitscar-sizeddumpsterpickingoutunopenedpackagesofstillfreshfood.Theyfindmilkeggsbreadandcookieschocolatesoupvegetablesevenfrozenpizzasandsoymilk.NotonlyaremostGreenHouseresidentsvegetarianbuttheyarealsomoderatefreegansmeaningthattheyeatmainlywhattheycangetforfree.Thesestudentsofcoursearetryingtoleaveassmallanecologicalfootprintaspossible.42__________.AcrossAmericaotherdevoutenvironmentaliststireoffthegridbuildingshacksinthewildernesswithoutrunningwaterorelectricity.Frustratedwithenvironmentaldestructionandwastetheyhaverenouncedthesystemthatfostersandperpetuatesit.Suchasceticanti-consumerismmaybethemostdramaticsideofenvironmentalismanditleadstoculturalfermentthatcansetintomotionpoliticalandeconomicchange.Itspractitionersfocusonpersonalsacrificehopingthattheiridealsandasceticismwillspreadlikeareligion.43__________.Ourpoliticalandeconomicsystemsaredeeplyimmature.Environmentalistsneedmspendjustasmuchenergyorganizingpoliticalandeconomicenvironmentalism.Alsoold-fashionedenvironmentalismoftenassumesthatbusinessisopposedtoenvironmentalprotection.InfactthousandsofUScompaniesarediscoveringoftenwiththehelpofenergyconsultantshowmuchmoneytheyhavetostandfrombecomingenvironmentallyefficient:savingenergyandrecyclingwithinindustry.TherecentbookNaturalCapitalism:CreatingtheNextIndustrialRevolutionbyPaulHawkenetalnowtranslatedintoChineseshouldgetsomeofthecreditforbringingaboutthistransformationinattitudes.ParadoxicallytheUSisboththebirthplaceofglobalenvironmentalismandtheworld’sbiggestenvironmentalspender.RomanticismtheEuropeanandAmericanliteraryandartisticmovementthatfoundGodinthewildernesshadastronglongtermimpactonAmericanthinkingstartinginthemiddlethirdofthe19thcentury.InparticularrenewedattentiontotheessaysofHenryDavidThoreau1817-62helpedlaunchmodernenvironmentalismacenturyafterhisdeath.44__________WhythediscrepancyMostenvironmentaldamagecannotbeboileddowntothechoicesmadebyindividuals.Ratherindividualsarelockedintoasysteminwhichheavyindustrycommitsthemajorityofecologicalcrimesbuttressedbyaneconomicsystemthatsquandersnaturalresources.Thegovernmentgivesawayminingrightsandopenspublicforeststologgerspracticallyforfree——andbigbusinessspendsmillionsofdollarstomakesurepoliticianskeepondoingso.45__________.Formanyenvironmentalproblemsthesolutionisorganizedpoliticalpressureandentrepreneurialinnovation.A.AttimesthemoralconvictionandworldviewoftheGreenHouseappearasallencompassingasareligiousfaith.GreenHouseinmatesliveinthemostenvironmentallypiouswayonecouldconceiveofinthecity.B.Buteffectiveenvironmentalismrequiresmorethanwordsmorethanculturalchange.Itrequireslegalandeconomicreform.Itdemandshistoricallyunprecedentedpoliciesincorporatingthevalueofcherishednaturalresourcesinmarketcalculations.Itcallsforneworganizationsandentrepreneurialcommitment.AnyonehaveanyideasC.Butonedrawbackoffocusingenvironmentalistenergyonabstainingfrompersonalconsumptionisthatsuchanapproachcandistractpeoplefromthelargermusesofenvironmentaldestructionwhichcannotbeaffectedbyindividualchoicestoconsumeornottoconsume.D.Othergovernmentsubsidiessupportseveralfilthyindustries.Whilethegovernmentpaysfornewfreewaysthussubsidizingautomobilesitignorestrainsandbusnetworks.Pollutersdon’tpaytherealcostofexternalitiessuchastoxicwasteandairandwaterpollution.E.TheyrecyclecansbottlesandpapermeticulouslysortingthemintothebinscollectedbymunicipaltrucksinAmericancities.Theyreusegreywatermeaningthattheyplugthedrainwhentheyshowerandthenusebucketstoflushthetoiletwiththeoldsoapywater.Topreventfoodfromgoingtowastetheyevengetmostoftheirgroceriesoutofthetrashofanupscalegrocerystore.F.Weshouldrecallhoweverthatenvironmentalistshaveoftenbeenfobbedoffwithtokengesturesidletalkandunimplementedtreaties.EvenPresidentBushwhohastheworstenvironmentalrecordofanyAmericanpresidentsofarhasmasteredtheartoflargelyemptyenvironmentalistrhetoric.G.YettodayAmericawithonly596oftheworld’spopulationproduces2496ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.TheUSlikemanyotherrichcountrieshascleanedupitsairandwaterbutitisstillthebiggestcontributortothegreatestenvironmentalthreateverglobalclimatechang
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuniversitiestofindsolutionstoitsmajorproblems.Itistheuniversitiesthathavebeenchargedwiththeprincipalresponsibilityfordevelopingtheexpertisetoplacemenonthemoon;fordealingwithoururbanproblemsandwithourdeterioratingenvironment;fordevelopingthemeanstofeedtheworld’srapidlyincreasingpopulation.Theeffortinvolvedinmeetingthesedemandspresentsitsownproblems.Inadditionthisconcentrationonthecreationofnewknowledgesignificantlyimpingesontheuniversities’effortstoperformtheirotherprincipalfunctionsthetransmissionandinterpretationofknowledgetheimpartingoftheheritageofthepastandthepreparingofthenextgenerationtocarryitforward.Withregardtothisperhapstheirmosttraditionallysanctionedtaskcollegesanduniversitiestodayfindthemselvesinaserioushindgenerally.OntheonehandthereistheAmericancommitmententeredintoespeciallysinceWW1Itoprovidehighereducationforallyoungpeoplewhocanprofitfromit.Theresultofthecommitmenthasbeenadramaticriseinenrollmentsinouruniversitiescoupledwitharadicalshiftfromtheprivatetothepublicsectorofhighereducation.Ontheotherhandthereareseriousandcontinuinglimitationsontheresourcesavailableforhighereducation.Whilehighereducationhasbecomeagreatgrowthindustryitisalsosimultaneouslyatremendousdrainontheresourcesofnation.Withthevastincreaseinenrollmentandtheshiftinprioritiesawayfromeducationinstateandfederalbudgetsthereisinmostofourpublicinstitutionsasignificantdecreaseinpercapitaoutlayfortheirstudentsonecrucialaspectofthisdrainonresourcesliesinthepersistentshortageoftrainedfacultywhichhasledinrumtoadecliningstandardofcompetenceininstruction.Intensifyingthesedifficultiesisasindicatedabovetheconcernwithresearchwithitscompetingclaimsonresourcesandtheattentionofthefaculty.Inadditionthereisastrongtendencyfortheinstitutions;organizationandfunctioningtoconformtothedemandsofresearchratherthanthoseofteaching.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
Thefactthatblindpeoplecanseethingsusingotherpartsoftheirbodiesapartfromtheireyesmayhelpustounderstandourfeelingsaboutcolor.Iftheycan1colordifferencesthenperhapswetooareaffectedby2unconsciously.Manufacturershavediscoveredby3thatsugarsellsbadlyingreenwrappings4bluefoodsareconsideredunpleasantandthecosmeticsshouldneverbepackaged5brown.Thesediscoverieshavegrown6awholedisciplineofcolorpsychologythatnowfinds7ineverythingfromfashiontointeriordecoration.Someofour8areclearlypsychological.Darkblueisthecolorofthenightskyand9associatedwithpassivityandcalmwhileyellowisadaycolorwith10ofenergyandincentive.Forprimitivemanactivityduringtheday11huntingandattackingwhilehesoonsawasredthecolorofbloodandrageandtheheatthatcame12effort.Andgreenisassociatedwithpassive13andselfpreservation.Experimentshave14thatgreenpartlybemuseofitsphysiologicalassociationsalsohasadirectpsychological15itisacalmingcolor.16itsexcitingconnotationsredwaschosenasthesignalforchanger17closeranalysisshowsthatavividyellowcanproducea18basicstateofalertnessand19sofireenginesandambulancesinsomeadvancedcommunitiesarenow20aroundinbrightyellowcolorsthatstopthetrafficdead.
Theongoingincreaseinthenumberofself-financeduniversitystudentsand.theopeningofprivateuniversitiesareindispensablestepsifChinaistodevelopthelargeanddiverseeducationsectoritwillneedtosustainitseconomicgrowthinthecomingdecades.ButifpayingtuitionandhousingfeesbecomesthenormwhatwillhappentostudentsfrompoorfamiliesShouldtheyjustbewrittenoffOrprovidedwithatrickleofcharityscholarshipsjustsufficienttobringahandfulofthebrightestpoorstudentstoeachcampus41__________.Forlessgiftedyoungpeoplethereisconsiderablefinancialaidintheformofpartialscholarshipsbasedoneconomicneedgovernmentbackedbankloansandcampusjobs.Plustherearelow-payingbutnonethelesshelpfuloff-campusjobsintheservicesectorusuallyabundantincitiesandtownswithlargestudentpopulations.AnymodestlyintelligentAmericankidfromapoorfamilycanifheunderstandsthevalueofauniversityeducationfindthemeanstoattenduniversity.42__________.Chinaneedseasyeducationalcredit.Thecostofhighereducationhereisstillfairlylowespeciallyrelativetothesalariesthatpeoplewithuniversitydegreesarelikelytobeearning10or15yearsaftergraduation.Scholarshipsforthebrightchildrenoftheruralandurbanpoorshouldbeexpandedbutsomethingmoreisrequired:asystemofcheapgovernment-guaranteedlong-termloansthatanyteenageradmittedtoauniversitycouldreadilyobtain.Theinvestmentwouldbemodestthesocialpayoffhugeinpromotingtalentfunnelingideasfordevelopmenttoout-of-the-wayandeconomicallydepressedlocalitiesandmaintainingthecountry’sstability.43__________.HavingtaughtinChinaattheuniversitylevelformanyyearsIamverymuchinfavorofincreasingthenumberofstudentsfrompeasantandurbanpoorfamilies.SomeofthemostimpressivestudentsIhaveknownheretendedwaterbuffaloorplantedriceaschildren--andmanynaymostoftheleastimpressivegrewupinprosperousurbanfamilies.44__________.Theyarelearninghowtoadapttonewsettingsanddevelopanunderstandingofpeopleverydifferentfromthemselves.Theireyesareopen.45__________.Andthesehot-housekidsaresupposedtomakecareerchoicesat18—onthebasisofwhatIntheendofwhateverotherpeoplearedoingorwhattheirparentstellthemtodowhichamountstomuchthesamething.Thisisaboutasfoolishawaytoconductone’slifeasIcanimagine.Theytooneedtoacquireasenseoflifeasagrandexplorationhoweverpuzzlingandlearntonegotiatealienenvironmentsandunfamiliarsituations.Theymustlearntoquestionanddiscovertomaketheirownmistakesandtolearnfromthem.A.AndtheyneedtoknowtheirowncountrywhichwillneverhappenonthebasisofclassroominstructionandwatchingTV.B.IncontrastIamforeveramazedtotalktoquitebrightBeijingkidswhoknownexttonothingevenaboutthiscitytheirownimmediateenvironment;worsetheydonothaveaninklingoftheextentoftheirownignorance.C.IntheUSparadoxicallypoorstudentsoftenhaveaneasiertimefinancingtheirhighereducationthandomiddle-classkids.Brightteenagersfromunderprivilegedbackgroundsareactivelyrecruitedbyeliteprivateuniversitieswhichsupplygenerousfinancialaid.D.Indeedthesystemofloansoughttobeopentosecondarystudentsaswellsnochildshouldbeforcedtodropoutofschoolintoday’sChinabecausehisorherparentscan’taffordschoolfees.E.Mixingwell-offBeijingkidswithpeasantandpoorteenagersoncampusissuretoproducebetterinformedandshrewderChinesecitizens.Anycampusintoday’sChinawithoutasubstantialnumberofpeasantandpoorstudentsisnotafitenvironmentforeducatingyoungpeople.F.TheruralstudentsinparticularknowthingsaboutlifeinChinathatarewhollylostonkidswhohavegrownupinsideover-protectiveBeijingfamilieswheretheyspenttheiradolescencedoingpreciouslittlebutplayvideogameswatchTVandstudyforthenationaluniversityentranceexam.Theruralstudentshavealreadyhadexperienceoftwoorthreemajorsocialadjustmentstypicallyvillagelargetown—bigcity;theirlivesareanunfoldingexploration.G.Inotherwordsitisculturalfactorsandpsychologicalmotivationnotfamilyincomethatdeterminewhocango.SinceWorldWarⅡcollegesanduniversitiesabovealllow-coststateschoolshaveactedassocialescalatorsliftingmillionsofpoorimmigrantandworking-classyoungpeopleintothemiddleclass.
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法