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分析下列加点词的词性。(4分,每题1分)
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对加点词的词性判断完全正确的一项是为了发展教育事业十分需要人们了解关心和重视它
名词 动词 连词
名词 形容词 介词
代词 副词 介词
动词 动词 介词
简述压力管道腐蚀的种类4分
分析下列短语的结构类型和功能类型.每题2分共10分 1上学以前2互相学习3派他出差 4开始讨论5游戏
对下列加点词语词性解说有误的一项是2分
桥的设计完全合乎科学原理，施工技术更是巧妙绝伦。（名词 连词）
怎么了呢，父亲老了。（助词 形容词）
他也不停步，只在心里思量：“又出了什么事啦？”（介词 助词）
他踌躇了一会儿，终于决定还是自己送我去。（动词 副词）
指出下面句法结构中斜体的词的词性6分火车要开了
指出下面句法结构中斜体的词的词性6分这件事要经过讨论才能决定
词行转换.10分1.photo复数__________2.here反义词________3.this
指出下列加点词的词性1就像隔了一层毛玻璃朦胧不清2月光便朦胧在这水气里
分析下列短语的结构类型和功能类型.每题2分共10分 1阳光灿烂2喜欢清静3今天回来4看着心烦5船长老
下列句子中加点的词或词组在古代汉语和现代汉语中词性意义和用法有什么不同齐因乘胜尽破其军史记孙膑
指出下面句法结构中斜体的词的词性6分请你过来有要事相商
指出下列句中加线词的词性和用法.每题2分共10分 1我什么也不想吃.2我给妈妈买了生日礼物. 3我愿
下列句子中加点词与老师正和小红谈话中和的词性相同的是
他早点吃的是牛奶和面包
范进向他作揖，坐下
分析下列短语的结构类型和功能类型.每题2分共10分 1头脑清醒2接受批评3古城西安4有事找你5做梦似
下列句子中加点的词或词组在古代汉语和现代汉语中词性意义和用法有什么不同骞从月氏至大夏竟不能得月氏要领
根据汉语拼音方案改正下列拼写错误每题1分共4分油漆ióuqī
指出下面句法结构中斜体的词的词性6分要就去打球要就去游泳
分析词的结构类型每题1分共10分 倾销利害房间老乡吩咐年轻仅仅皑皑提高地震
指出下面句法结构中斜体的词的词性6分你要去我就不必去了
指出下面句法结构中斜体的词的词性6分爸爸我要五块钱
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In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Insteadthestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.? Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.An8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.? Afterseveraldecadesthesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecordnosystematic{13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutput16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebefore20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Insteadthestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.? Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.An8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.? Afterseveraldecadesthesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecordnosystematic{13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutput16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebefore20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
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In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Insteadthestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.? Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.An8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.? Afterseveraldecadesthesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecordnosystematic{13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutput16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebefore20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
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OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-centuryperhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.? Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies. WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWar2atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothePublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdaysitwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.TheirswasaseriousbusinessandeventhosereviewswhoworetheirlearninglightlylikeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewmancouldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacallingandwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress."Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism"Newmanwrote"thatIamtemptedtodefine’journalism’as’atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare’." Unfortunatelythesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCarduswhowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.DuringhislifetimethoughhewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccriticsandastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography1947becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprintandhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.? IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.JournalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeathandpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreovertheamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.? WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?
Overthepastdecadethousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazon.cornreceivedoneforits"one-click"onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox. Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatentswhichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheFederalCircuitsaiditwoulduseparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilskiasthecaseisknownis"averybigdeal"saysDernnisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchoolofLaw.It"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents".? Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwastheFederalCircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithits1998decisionintheso-calledStateStreetBankcaseapprovingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilingsinitiallybyemergingInternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepintstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Latermoreestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfilesifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.SimilarlysomeWallStreetinvestmentfirmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproductsevenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice. TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalCircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudgesratherthanatypicalpanelofthreeandthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsStateStreetBankruling. TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbytheSupremeCountthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastAprilforexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor"inventions"thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalCircuitare"reactiontotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt"saysHaroldC.WegnerapatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool. Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
InhisbookTheTippingPointMalcolmGladwellarguesthat"socialepidemics"aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividualsoftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusuallyinformedpersuasiveorwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling--wethinkweseeithappeningallthetime--butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread. Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe"two-stepflowofcommunication":Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentialsthoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooksbrandsorneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcasesacursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearingpromotingordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends. Intheirrecentworkhoweversomeresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infacttheydon’tseemtoberequiredatall. Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluencewiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey--whoseoutsidepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedianotinterpersonalinfluence--eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccurhowevereachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintanceswhomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistantforexamplethecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople. Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluencetheresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced. Theunderlinedphrasethesepeopleinparagraph4referstotheoneswho
OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-centuryperhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.? Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies. WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWar2atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothePublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdaysitwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.TheirswasaseriousbusinessandeventhosereviewswhoworetheirlearninglightlylikeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewmancouldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacallingandwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress."Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism"Newmanwrote"thatIamtemptedtodefine’journalism’as’atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare’." Unfortunatelythesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCarduswhowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.DuringhislifetimethoughhewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccriticsandastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography1947becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprintandhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.? IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.JournalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeathandpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreovertheamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.? NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWar2werecharacterizedby
In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Insteadthestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.? Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.An8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.? Afterseveraldecadesthesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecordnosystematic{13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutput16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebefore20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
特征整合论
正强化与负强化
In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Insteadthestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.? Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.An8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.? Afterseveraldecadesthesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecordnosystematic{13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutput16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebefore20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Insteadthestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.? Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.An8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.? Afterseveraldecadesthesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecordnosystematic{13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutput16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebefore20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Insteadthestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.? Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.An8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.? Afterseveraldecadesthesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecordnosystematic{13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutput16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebefore20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Insteadthestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect"theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3ofbeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior.? Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.An8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.? Afterseveraldecadesthesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecordnosystematic{13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto14interpretationofwhathappened.15lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutput16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebefore20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
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