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马怀素，润州丹徒人也。寓居江都，少师事李善。家贫无灯烛，昼采薪苏，夜燃读书，遂博览经史，善属文。举进士，又应制举，登文学优赡科，拜郿尉，四迁左台监察御史。 长安中，御史大夫魏元忠为张易之所构，配徙岭...
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马怀素润州丹徒人也寓居江都少师事李善家贫无灯烛昼采薪苏夜燃读书遂博览经史善属文举进士又应制举登文学优
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不懂装懂的人总有一天会受到惩罚的
OnSaturdayAugust122000duringNorthernFleettrainingexercisesintheBarentsSeatheRussiannuclearsubmarineKursksankinabout100metersofwaterwithsome118sailorsaboard.It’sknownlaterthatseveralofficerswerealsoaboardobservingthetrainingexercises.TheKurskislyingontheoceanfloorintheBarentsSea.TheRussianNavysaidthatitwaslisting30degreestoport.OthersourcesreporteditWaslistingasmuchas60degrees.AccordingtoaRussiannewspaperwhenthesubmarineKurskfailedtomakecontactwiththenavalcommandattherighttimelaterthatdayNorthernFleetCommanderAdmiralVyachesavPopovorderedrescueshipsintothearea.Ittookhourstofindthesubmarineasitdidn’tlaunchamarkingbuoybeforesinking.RussianNavyChiefinsistedthatthesubmarineKurskhadbeeninvolvedinamajorcollisionbutagreatdealofinformationshowsthatthisisnottrue.Uptillnowit’sbelievedthatanexplosioninthetorpedocompartmentinthenoseoftheKurskwasthelikelycause.NowRussiangovernmentofficiallyaskedNorwayforhelpinrecoveringofsailors’bodiesfirstofallandNorwayhasagreedtoofferallhelp.ButRussianinsistedthatonlyRussiansworkinsidethesubmarineKurskandthattheworklastforabout10～18workingdays.Itisexpectedtorecoveronly25～35bodiesfromtheKursk.ItwasnotuntilOctober25whenateamofRussiandiversenteredthesubmarineKursksome350feetbelowthesurfacethattruthbecameclear.OnNovember7inthemorningowingtotheicyandthecoldweatheraspecialrescuemeetingheldonMurmanskdecidedtostopthewholebodiesrecoveringoperation.TheunderlinedwordsmakecontactwithinthefirstparagraphreferstotheideathatthesubmarineKurskcan’t______.
—HowdoyoufindthetalkgivenbyMr.Smith — .
建国君民教学为先这句话反映了______的关系
Isuddenlyheardanelephantcryingasthoughfrightenedlookingdown.Iimmediatelyrecognizedthatsomethingwaswrongandrandowntotheedgeofthenearbank.ThereIsawMaShwewithherthree-month-oldcalfstrugglinginthefast-risingwateranditwasalife-and-deathstruggle.Hercalfwasfloatingandscreamingwithfear.MaShwewasasneartothefarbankasshecouldgetholdingherwholebodyagainsttherushingwaterandkeepingthecalfpressedagainstherhugebody.Everynowandthentherushingwaterwouldsweepthecalfaway.Therewasasuddenriseinthewaterandthecalfwaswashedcleanoverthemother’sbodyandwasgone.MaShweturnedquicklytoreachitandpressedthecalfwithherheadandtrunkagainsttherockybank.Thenwithahugeeffortshepickeditupinhertrunkandtrieduntilshewasabletoplaceitonanarrowshelfofrock.Justatthismomentshefellbackintotheriver.Ifshewerecarrieddownitwouldbecertaindeath.Iknewaswellasshedidthattherewasonespotwhereshecouldgetupthebankbutitwasontheothersidefromwhereshehadputhercalf.WhileIwaswonderingwhatIcoulddonext.Iheardthesoundofamother’slove.MaShwehadcrossedtheriverandgotupthebankandwasmakingherwaybackasfastasshecouldroaringallthetimebuttohercalfitwasmusic.Themomenttheauthorgotdowntotheriverbankhesaw
Theaveragepersonlearnsmostofthe30000～40000wordswhosemeaningsheorsherecognizesbyhearingthemorgettingfamiliarwiththeminthecontextorsimplyabsorbingthemwithoutconsciouseffort.Thebestwaytobuildagoodvocabularythereforeistoreadagreatdealandtoparticipateinalotofgoodtalks.Therearerelativelyfewwordsthatwelearnpermanentlybypurposefullyreferringtodictionariesorkeepingwordlists.Howevereventhoseextrafewareofvalueandnoonewillmakeamistakebyworkingondevelopingalargervocabulary.Herearesomesuggestionsofhowtodoit.Readplentyofgoodbooks.Whenyoucomeacrossanewwordoranewmeaningofanoldwordstopandseeifyoucanunderstanditfromitscontext.Ifyoucan’tandifyoucanmanagewithoutinterruptingthethoughtofthebooktoomuchlookitupinadictionaryorasksomebodyandthenrepeatitsmeaningtoyourselfacoupleoftimes.Ifyouarereallyconscientiouswritethewordanditsmeaninginapersonalvocabularylist—preferablyusingitinasentenceoryoucankeepaspecialvocabularynotebook.Gooverthelistfromtimetotime.Furthertrytouseanewwordinwritingorconversationafewtimesoverthenextseveraldays.Listentogoodtalksandbealerttonewwordsyouhearortonewmeaningsofwordsyoualreadyknow.Thentreatthemjustasyoutreatthenewwordsyouread.Learnandbealerttothepartsofwords:prefixessuffixesandroots.Knowingthemenablesyoutomakeintelligentguessesaboutthemeaningofwords.IfyouarestudyingaforeignlanguagebealerttowordsinthatlanguagewhichrelatetowordsinEnglish.Englishhasinheritedorborrowedmuchofitsvocabularyof500000～600000wordsfromLatinGreekFrenchSpanishandGerman.Thephrasebealerttointhethirdparagraphmaybestbereplacedby______.
到了这个时候他的餐馆本该宾客盈门
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 17.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 7.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 11.
It'simpossibleforachildtodosomuchworkwithinashortperiodoftime______
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 19.
Whenyouareinanothercountryitisimportanttoknowthelanguagebutitisequallyimportanttoknowhowtocommunicatenonverballybeforesayinganythingbymakinggestures.Accordingtoapioneerinnonverbalcommunicationonly30to35percentofourcommunicationisverbal.Whenpeopledon’tknowthelanguagethemostcommonwaytocommunicateisthroughgestures.Howevermanygestureshavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningatallindifferentpartsoftheworld.IntheUnitedStatesforexamplenoddingyourheadupanddownmeansyes.InsomepartsofGreeceandTurkeyhoweverthismotioncanmeanno.InSoutheastAsianoddingyourheadisapolitewayofsayingI’veheardyou.InancientRomewhentheemperorwantedtosparesomeone’slifehewouldputhisthumbup.TodayintheUnitedStateswhensomeoneputshis/herthumbupitmeansEverythingisallright.HoweverinSardiniaandGreecethegestureisinsultingandshouldnotbeusedthere.IntheUnitedStatesraisingyourclaspedhandsaboveyourheadmeansI’mthechampionorI’mthewinner.Itisthesignprizefightersmakewhentheywinafight.WhenaleadingRussianstatesmanmadethisgestureafteraWhiteHousemeetingAmericansmisunderstoodandthoughthemeanthewasawinner.InRussiahoweveritisasignoffriendship.IntheUnitedStatesholdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfingerinacircleandtheotherthreefingersspreadoutmeansEverythingisO.K.andisfrequentlyusedbyastronautsandpoliticians.InFranceandBelgiumitcanmeanYou’reworthnothing.Thereareothernonverbalsignalsthatpeopleshouldbeawareofwhentheygotoanothercountrysuchasthedistancetomaintainbetweenspeakers.Americansusuallyfeelcomfortablewhenspeakingwithsomeoneifthedistancebetweenthemisabouteighteeninchestoarm’slength.Anythingclosermakesthemfeeluncomfortable.WhentalkingtoAmericansitisalsoimportanttomakeeyecontact.IfyoulookdownwhentalkingtoanAmericanhe/shemayfeelthatyouareembarrassedafraidortryingtohidesomething.Inadditiontoknowinghowtocommunicatenonverballyinacountryitisimportanttoknowwhatyouandhecannotdiscuss.IntheUnitedStatestherearecertaintopicstoavoidwhenyoufirstmeetsomeoneForexampledon’taskpeopletheirageweightreligionmaritalstatushowmuchmoneytheyearnorhowmuchsomethingcosts.Youcantalkaboutworktheweathertrafficproblemssportsfoodnewsofthedaywhereonelivesconsumersubjectscomputerscarrepairsandsoforthandtravelorvacationplans.Thesefewexamplesillustratethatyouractionscanspeaklouderthanyourwords.Inaparticularculturalcontestwhatyousayandwhatyoudon’tsayareequallyimportant.Pleaseparaphrasetheclause...youractionscanspeaklouderthanyourwords.
Theaveragepersonlearnsmostofthe30000～40000wordswhosemeaningsheorsherecognizesbyhearingthemorgettingfamiliarwiththeminthecontextorsimplyabsorbingthemwithoutconsciouseffort.Thebestwaytobuildagoodvocabularythereforeistoreadagreatdealandtoparticipateinalotofgoodtalks.Therearerelativelyfewwordsthatwelearnpermanentlybypurposefullyreferringtodictionariesorkeepingwordlists.Howevereventhoseextrafewareofvalueandnoonewillmakeamistakebyworkingondevelopingalargervocabulary.Herearesomesuggestionsofhowtodoit.Readplentyofgoodbooks.Whenyoucomeacrossanewwordoranewmeaningofanoldwordstopandseeifyoucanunderstanditfromitscontext.Ifyoucan’tandifyoucanmanagewithoutinterruptingthethoughtofthebooktoomuchlookitupinadictionaryorasksomebodyandthenrepeatitsmeaningtoyourselfacoupleoftimes.Ifyouarereallyconscientiouswritethewordanditsmeaninginapersonalvocabularylist—preferablyusingitinasentenceoryoucankeepaspecialvocabularynotebook.Gooverthelistfromtimetotime.Furthertrytouseanewwordinwritingorconversationafewtimesoverthenextseveraldays.Listentogoodtalksandbealerttonewwordsyouhearortonewmeaningsofwordsyoualreadyknow.Thentreatthemjustasyoutreatthenewwordsyouread.Learnandbealerttothepartsofwords:prefixessuffixesandroots.Knowingthemenablesyoutomakeintelligentguessesaboutthemeaningofwords.IfyouarestudyingaforeignlanguagebealerttowordsinthatlanguagewhichrelatetowordsinEnglish.Englishhasinheritedorborrowedmuchofitsvocabularyof500000～600000wordsfromLatinGreekFrenchSpanishandGerman.Whenyoumeetanewwordinreadingwhatshouldyoudo
Youcantelltheageofatreebycountingitsring.Buttheserecordsofatree’slifereallysayalotmore.Scientistsareusingtreeringtolearnwhat’sbeenhappeningonthesun’ssurfaceforthelasttenthousandyears.Eachringrepresentsayearofgrowth.Asthetreegrowsitadds.alayertoitstrunktakingupchemicalelementsfromtheair.Bylookingatelementsintheringsfromacertainyearsscientistscantellwhatelementswereintheairthatyear.Dr.Stevensonisanalyzingoneelementcarbon-dinringfrombothlivinganddeadtree.SomeringgobackalmosttenthousandyeartotheendoftheIceAge.WhenStevensonfollowedthecarbon-14levelschangedwiththeintensityofsolarburning.Youseethesunhascycles.Sometimesitburnsfiercelyandatothertimesitisrelativelycalm.Duringthesun’sviolentperiodsitthrowoffchargedparticlesinfastmovingstreamscalledsolarwinds.Theparticularlyinterferewiththeformationofcarbon14onearth.Whenthereismoresolarwindactivitylesscarbon-14isproduced.Tenthousandyearsoftreeringshowthatthecarbon-14levelrisesandfallsaboutevery420years.Thescientistsconcludedthatsolarwindactivitymustfollowthesamecycle.Whataffectstheamountofcarbon-14onearth
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 3.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 5.
我们明天将不得不面临这些困难We________________________thisdifficultiestomorrow.
OnSaturdayAugust122000duringNorthernFleettrainingexercisesintheBarentsSeatheRussiannuclearsubmarineKursksankinabout100metersofwaterwithsome118sailorsaboard.It’sknownlaterthatseveralofficerswerealsoaboardobservingthetrainingexercises.TheKurskislyingontheoceanfloorintheBarentsSea.TheRussianNavysaidthatitwaslisting30degreestoport.OthersourcesreporteditWaslistingasmuchas60degrees.AccordingtoaRussiannewspaperwhenthesubmarineKurskfailedtomakecontactwiththenavalcommandattherighttimelaterthatdayNorthernFleetCommanderAdmiralVyachesavPopovorderedrescueshipsintothearea.Ittookhourstofindthesubmarineasitdidn’tlaunchamarkingbuoybeforesinking. RussianNavyChiefinsistedthatthesubmarineKurskhadbeeninvolvedinamajorcollisionbutagreatdealofinformationshowsthatthisisnottrue.Uptillnowit’sbelievedthatanexplosioninthetorpedocompartmentinthenoseoftheKurskwasthelikelycause.NowRussiangovernmentofficiallyaskedNorwayforhelpinrecoveringofsailors’bodiesfirstofallandNorwayhasagreedtoofferallhelp.ButRussianinsistedthatonlyRussiansworkinsidethesubmarineKurskandthattheworklastforabout10～18workingdays.Itisexpectedtorecoveronly25～35bodiesfromtheKursk. ItwasnotuntilOctober25whenateamofRussiandiversenteredthesubmarineKursksome350feetbelowthesurfacethattruthbecameclear.OnNovember7inthemorningowingtotheicyandthecoldweatheraspecialrescuemeetingheldonMurmanskdecidedtostopthewholebodiesrecoveringoperation. FromthetextwecaninferthatledtothesinkingofthesubmarineKursk.
OnSaturdayAugust122000duringNorthernFleettrainingexercisesintheBarentsSeatheRussiannuclearsubmarineKursksankinabout100metersofwaterwithsome118sailorsaboard.It’sknownlaterthatseveralofficerswerealsoaboardobservingthetrainingexercises.TheKurskislyingontheoceanfloorintheBarentsSea.TheRussianNavysaidthatitwaslisting30degreestoport.OthersourcesreporteditWaslistingasmuchas60degrees.AccordingtoaRussiannewspaperwhenthesubmarineKurskfailedtomakecontactwiththenavalcommandattherighttimelaterthatdayNorthernFleetCommanderAdmiralVyachesavPopovorderedrescueshipsintothearea.Ittookhourstofindthesubmarineasitdidn’tlaunchamarkingbuoybeforesinking. RussianNavyChiefinsistedthatthesubmarineKurskhadbeeninvolvedinamajorcollisionbutagreatdealofinformationshowsthatthisisnottrue.Uptillnowit’sbelievedthatanexplosioninthetorpedocompartmentinthenoseoftheKurskwasthelikelycause.NowRussiangovernmentofficiallyaskedNorwayforhelpinrecoveringofsailors’bodiesfirstofallandNorwayhasagreedtoofferallhelp.ButRussianinsistedthatonlyRussiansworkinsidethesubmarineKurskandthattheworklastforabout10～18workingdays.Itisexpectedtorecoveronly25～35bodiesfromtheKursk. ItwasnotuntilOctober25whenateamofRussiandiversenteredthesubmarineKursksome350feetbelowthesurfacethattruthbecameclear.OnNovember7inthemorningowingtotheicyandthecoldweatheraspecialrescuemeetingheldonMurmanskdecidedtostopthewholebodiesrecoveringoperation. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext.
—thecarseat.It'swet. —Thankyoufortellingme.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 13.
从儿童的兴趣和需要出发以儿童的活动经验为中心设计的课程是
Isuddenlyheardanelephantcryingasthoughfrightenedlookingdown.Iimmediatelyrecognizedthatsomethingwaswrongandrandowntotheedgeofthenearbank.ThereIsawMaShwewithherthree-month-oldcalfstrugglinginthefast-risingwateranditwasalife-and-deathstruggle.Hercalfwasfloatingandscreamingwithfear.MaShwewasasneartothefarbankasshecouldgetholdingherwholebodyagainsttherushingwaterandkeepingthecalfpressedagainstherhugebody.Everynowandthentherushingwaterwouldsweepthecalfaway.Therewasasuddenriseinthewaterandthecalfwaswashedcleanoverthemother’sbodyandwasgone.MaShweturnedquicklytoreachitandpressedthecalfwithherheadandtrunkagainsttherockybank.Thenwithahugeeffortshepickeditupinhertrunkandtrieduntilshewasabletoplaceitonanarrowshelfofrock.Justatthismomentshefellbackintotheriver.Ifshewerecarrieddownitwouldbecertaindeath.Iknewaswellasshedidthattherewasonespotwhereshecouldgetupthebankbutitwasontheothersidefromwhereshehadputhercalf.WhileIwaswonderingwhatIcoulddonext.Iheardthesoundofamother’slove.MaShwehadcrossedtheriverandgotupthebankandwasmakingherwaybackasfastasshecouldroaringallthetimebuttohercalfitwasmusic.Howdidthecalffeelaboutthemotherelephant’sroaring
新课程改革中提出的课程三维目标是
Youcantelltheageofatreebycountingitsring.Buttheserecordsofatree’slifereallysayalotmore.Scientistsareusingtreeringtolearnwhat’sbeenhappeningonthesun’ssurfaceforthelasttenthousandyears.Eachringrepresentsayearofgrowth.Asthetreegrowsitadds.alayertoitstrunktakingupchemicalelementsfromtheair.Bylookingatelementsintheringsfromacertainyearsscientistscantellwhatelementswereintheairthatyear.Dr.Stevensonisanalyzingoneelementcarbon-dinringfrombothlivinganddeadtree.SomeringgobackalmosttenthousandyeartotheendoftheIceAge.WhenStevensonfollowedthecarbon-14levelschangedwiththeintensityofsolarburning.Youseethesunhascycles.Sometimesitburnsfiercelyandatothertimesitisrelativelycalm.Duringthesun’sviolentperiodsitthrowoffchargedparticlesinfastmovingstreamscalledsolarwinds.Theparticularlyinterferewiththeformationofcarbon14onearth.Whenthereismoresolarwindactivitylesscarbon-14isproduced.Tenthousandyearsoftreeringshowthatthecarbon-14levelrisesandfallsaboutevery420years.Thescientistsconcludedthatsolarwindactivitymustfollowthesamecycle.Theunderlinedphrasethrowoffprobablymeans______.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 9.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fireworkslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8."theNightoftheFullMoon"afestivalthatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11.Jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtempleatthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmooncakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon.Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 15.
教育目的
Whenyouareinanothercountryitisimportanttoknowthelanguagebutitisequallyimportanttoknowhowtocommunicatenonverballybeforesayinganythingbymakinggestures.Accordingtoapioneerinnonverbalcommunicationonly30to35percentofourcommunicationisverbal.Whenpeopledon’tknowthelanguagethemostcommonwaytocommunicateisthroughgestures.Howevermanygestureshavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningatallindifferentpartsoftheworld.IntheUnitedStatesforexamplenoddingyourheadupanddownmeansyes.InsomepartsofGreeceandTurkeyhoweverthismotioncanmeanno.InSoutheastAsianoddingyourheadisapolitewayofsayingI’veheardyou.InancientRomewhentheemperorwantedtosparesomeone’slifehewouldputhisthumbup.TodayintheUnitedStateswhensomeoneputshis/herthumbupitmeansEverythingisallright.HoweverinSardiniaandGreecethegestureisinsultingandshouldnotbeusedthere.IntheUnitedStatesraisingyourclaspedhandsaboveyourheadmeansI’mthechampionorI’mthewinner.Itisthesignprizefightersmakewhentheywinafight.WhenaleadingRussianstatesmanmadethisgestureafteraWhiteHousemeetingAmericansmisunderstoodandthoughthemeanthewasawinner.InRussiahoweveritisasignoffriendship.IntheUnitedStatesholdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfingerinacircleandtheotherthreefingersspreadoutmeansEverythingisO.K.andisfrequentlyusedbyastronautsandpoliticians.InFranceandBelgiumitcanmeanYou’reworthnothing.Thereareothernonverbalsignalsthatpeopleshouldbeawareofwhentheygotoanothercountrysuchasthedistancetomaintainbetweenspeakers.Americansusuallyfeelcomfortablewhenspeakingwithsomeoneifthedistancebetweenthemisabouteighteeninchestoarm’slength.Anythingclosermakesthemfeeluncomfortable.WhentalkingtoAmericansitisalsoimportanttomakeeyecontact.IfyoulookdownwhentalkingtoanAmericanhe/shemayfeelthatyouareembarrassedafraidortryingtohidesomething.Inadditiontoknowinghowtocommunicatenonverballyinacountryitisimportanttoknowwhatyouandhecannotdiscuss.IntheUnitedStatestherearecertaintopicstoavoidwhenyoufirstmeetsomeoneForexampledon’taskpeopletheirageweightreligionmaritalstatushowmuchmoneytheyearnorhowmuchsomethingcosts.Youcantalkaboutworktheweathertrafficproblemssportsfoodnewsofthedaywhereonelivesconsumersubjectscomputerscarrepairsandsoforthandtravelorvacationplans.Thesefewexamplesillustratethatyouractionscanspeaklouderthanyourwords.Inaparticularculturalcontestwhatyousayandwhatyoudon’tsayareequallyimportant.Whichofthefollowingistrue
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