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You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the lett...
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Text4 ThecityofVenicemaynotbetheobviousplaceforacallforthemoralrevivalofEurope.ThisiswhereLordByronusedtoswimnakeddowntheGrandCanalbetweenpinkpalacesandswayinggondolasintheearlymorninghoursafternightsofcarousing.ThisiswhereThomasMannacenturylatercelebratedthebeautyofdeclinein"DeathinVenice". ForthepastfouryearshoweverVenicehasalsobeenhometothe"VeniceColloquium"sponsoredbytheFondazioneLiberalanItalianfree-marketgroupheadedbymemberofparliamentFerdinandoAdornato.ThepurposeoftheeventistobringlikemindedEuropeansandAmericanstogetherinanefforttobridgethetransatlanticdivide.ItisacalltocommonvaluesmostlyperhapsdirectedatEuropeansforwhomvaluesthesedaysseemlikearchaicencumbrances. AmericansarethereforeagreatpuzzletomanyEuropeans.SoarePresidentBushandhisnewlynominatedsecretaryofstateCondoleezzaRice.ManyEuropeanscannotgetoverthefactthat22percentofAmericanvotersinthepresidentialelectionstatedthattheyconsidered"moralvalues"theirmostimportantissueandthereactionherehasgreatlyresembledthehystericalhyperventilatingoftheHollywood-NewYorkeliteaftertheUSelection. "InEuropepeopleareembarrassedtotalkaboutmoralvalues"saysTessaKeswickoftheCenterforPolicyStudiesinLondon.Oriftheydoitisanewkindofmoralvaluecloselyidentifiedwithpoliticalcorrectnesswhichcanbe"frighteninglyintolerant".TheneedforEuropetore-establishitsmoralidentityisbecomingevidenttopeoplehereevenifthisisstillaminorityview.While40percentofAmericansattendchurchatleastonceaweekonaverage4percentofEuropeansdo.Outbreaksofanti-SemitismandxenophobiakeepcroppingupinlargepartbecauseofgrowingMuslimimmigrantpopulationsthathavenotbeensociallyintegrated. Andthereisanoverallreluctancetoaccepttheglobalwaronterrorasanactualwar.Europe’sresidenttroublemakerFrenchPresidentJacquesChiracspeaksoftheEuropeanUnionasamultilateralmodelfortheworldyetthismodelisincapableofdefeatingterrorism.ThereforepoliticiansherewiththeexceptionofBritain’sTonyBlairliketopretendthatpoliceactionisallweneedtotakecareofalQaeda. ButnotallEuropeansareresignedtothedeclineinvaluesandvigorthattheyseearoundthem.If70percentofFrenchmenforinstancewouldhavepreferredSen.JohnKerrytowinthe2004electionthen30percentsupportedGeorgeBush. WhatkindofvaluesarewetalkingaboutMorethanfamilyvaluespersemanyareworriedaboutthefundamentalvaluesoftheWesternJudeo-Christiantraditionfromwhichspringourconceptsofhumanpoliticalandreligiousrights. ThefactisthatEuropeneedstheUnitedStatesmorethantheotherwayaroundtoexertglobalinfluence.AndwhiletheFrenchlovetotalkaboutcounterbalancingtheUnitedStatesontheworldstagetheItaliangovernmenthasnosuchdesire. ThereluctanceofFrancetoaccepttheglobalwarisduetothefactthat
Text4 ThecityofVenicemaynotbetheobviousplaceforacallforthemoralrevivalofEurope.ThisiswhereLordByronusedtoswimnakeddowntheGrandCanalbetweenpinkpalacesandswayinggondolasintheearlymorninghoursafternightsofcarousing.ThisiswhereThomasMannacenturylatercelebratedthebeautyofdeclinein"DeathinVenice". ForthepastfouryearshoweverVenicehasalsobeenhometothe"VeniceColloquium"sponsoredbytheFondazioneLiberalanItalianfree-marketgroupheadedbymemberofparliamentFerdinandoAdornato.ThepurposeoftheeventistobringlikemindedEuropeansandAmericanstogetherinanefforttobridgethetransatlanticdivide.ItisacalltocommonvaluesmostlyperhapsdirectedatEuropeansforwhomvaluesthesedaysseemlikearchaicencumbrances. AmericansarethereforeagreatpuzzletomanyEuropeans.SoarePresidentBushandhisnewlynominatedsecretaryofstateCondoleezzaRice.ManyEuropeanscannotgetoverthefactthat22percentofAmericanvotersinthepresidentialelectionstatedthattheyconsidered"moralvalues"theirmostimportantissueandthereactionherehasgreatlyresembledthehystericalhyperventilatingoftheHollywood-NewYorkeliteaftertheUSelection. "InEuropepeopleareembarrassedtotalkaboutmoralvalues"saysTessaKeswickoftheCenterforPolicyStudiesinLondon.Oriftheydoitisanewkindofmoralvaluecloselyidentifiedwithpoliticalcorrectnesswhichcanbe"frighteninglyintolerant".TheneedforEuropetore-establishitsmoralidentityisbecomingevidenttopeoplehereevenifthisisstillaminorityview.While40percentofAmericansattendchurchatleastonceaweekonaverage4percentofEuropeansdo.Outbreaksofanti-SemitismandxenophobiakeepcroppingupinlargepartbecauseofgrowingMuslimimmigrantpopulationsthathavenotbeensociallyintegrated. Andthereisanoverallreluctancetoaccepttheglobalwaronterrorasanactualwar.Europe’sresidenttroublemakerFrenchPresidentJacquesChiracspeaksoftheEuropeanUnionasamultilateralmodelfortheworldyetthismodelisincapableofdefeatingterrorism.ThereforepoliticiansherewiththeexceptionofBritain’sTonyBlairliketopretendthatpoliceactionisallweneedtotakecareofalQaeda. ButnotallEuropeansareresignedtothedeclineinvaluesandvigorthattheyseearoundthem.If70percentofFrenchmenforinstancewouldhavepreferredSen.JohnKerrytowinthe2004electionthen30percentsupportedGeorgeBush. WhatkindofvaluesarewetalkingaboutMorethanfamilyvaluespersemanyareworriedaboutthefundamentalvaluesoftheWesternJudeo-Christiantraditionfromwhichspringourconceptsofhumanpoliticalandreligiousrights. ThefactisthatEuropeneedstheUnitedStatesmorethantheotherwayaroundtoexertglobalinfluence.AndwhiletheFrenchlovetotalkaboutcounterbalancingtheUnitedStatesontheworldstagetheItaliangovernmenthasnosuchdesire. Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextisto
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Text2 KarenPagebravedpre-dawndarknessandfreezingtemperaturesyesterdaytofacedownasceneof"organizedchaos". Hundredsofearly-birdshopperswerewaitingoutsideorinidlingcarswhenMissPagearrivedforherjobasastoregreeteratToysRUsinFairOaksShoppingCenterinFairfax. Welcometo"BlackFriday"perhapsthebiggestretailSalesdayoftheyearasmillionsofshoppersacrossAmericaareluredtostoreswithexpandedhoursandheavilydiscountedprices. "Thisisanorganizedchaoswhichisagoodthing"saidMissPagewhotookupapositionatthefrontofthestoretogreetandassistcustomers.Shewasquicklyoverwhelmedascrowdspouredinandcountlesscustomersaskedhertofindaparticulartoy. OnBlackFridayshoppershopetogetthebeststuffatthebestpricesforholidaygifts.RetailershopetogetajumpontheholidaysalesseasonwhichtraditionallystartsafterThanksgivingandrunsthroughChristmassaidEllenTolleyspokeswomanfortheNationalRetailFederationthelargesttradeassociationforretailers. ThedayafterThanksgivingiscalled"BlackFriday"becauseitistraditionallythedaywhenretailers’booksshiftfromredtoblack. "You’llseemoreconsumersbuyingthingsaheadoftime"shesaid. MissPagewhohasbeenworkingattheToysRUssince1995calledthe300to400peoplewaitingoutsidebeforethestoreopeningyesterday"aboutaverage". Retailersnationwideanticipatea4.5percentsalesjumpthisholidayseasonbringingtotalspendingupto＄219.9billionMissTolleysaid. Thatislessthanlastyear’sholidaysalesspikeof5.1percentbutstillsolidshesaid. "It’sasignthatconsumersaremoresettledthantheywereayearagoandtheyfeelcomfortablefinanciallyandconfidentwiththeeconomy"MissTolleysaid. Americanswillspendonaverage＄730onChristmasgiftsaccountingforroughlyaquarterofannualretailsalesdownfromlastyear’s＄734perpersonaccordingtoGallup’sannualholidaysurvey. Luxuryitemslikehigh-endelectronicsfursandjewelryalongwithtoysareexpectedtoleadsalesthisholidayseasonMissTolleysaid. Additionallyconsumerswillspendanaverage＄80.45ongiftcardsshesaid. Notallofthoseitemswillbeboughtatstores.Washingtonareashopperswillspend58percentoftheirbudgetonlinethisyearaccordingtoAmericaOnline. RetailersintheDistrictalsoaretryingtoattractshopperswithasalestaxholidaywhichwillrunthroughDec.5. Washington’s5.75percentsalestaxwillbeexemptedfromclothingshoesandaccessoriesthatcostlessthan＄100each.Thereisnolimitonthetotalvalueofthepurchases. TheholidayseasonLine2Paragraph13probablyrefersto
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Text3 LastweekUtahfederalJudgePaulG.Cassellhandeda22-yearsentencetoamanwhobeatanelderlywomantodeathwithalog.AfewhourslaterJudgeCassellsentenceda25-year-oldfirst-timedrugoffenderto55years. IfyouthinkJudgeCasselllikedsentencingasmall-changedrugdealertomoretimethanaviolentkillerguessagain.Thejudgehadnochoice.FederallawdemandedthesentencedespiteJudgeCassell’spointedquestioningiftherewasa"rationalbasis"forsentencingWeldonH.Angelosthefatheroftwoyoungchildrentomoretimethanhecouldsentenceahijackermurderorrapist. Blamefederalmandatoryminimumsentencingrules.AjuryfoundAngelosguiltyonthreeseparatechargesofpossessingafirearmwhilehesoldahalf-poundofmarijuanafor＄350.Thefirstchargeofpossessingagunduringadrugtransactionbroughtafive-yearsentence--thesecondtwochargesbrought25yearseach.Thataddsupto55yearssoevenifAngeloswerefoundguiltyofselling＄1050ofdrugsJudgeCassellhadtofollowtherulesandsentencehimto55yearsontheguncharges.Thejudgedidusearecentfederalrulinginreducingthesentenceforthedrug-sellingcrimestooneday. JudgeCassellwasrighttoimposethedraconiansentence.Ifheignoredfederallawhewouldplacehimselfaboveit. InsteadJudgeCassellsentencedAngelusasthelawdirectedevenasherighteouslyhectoredCongresstorewritefederaldruglawssofirst-timeoffendersdon’tservemoretimethandangerouscareercriminals.ThejudgealsourgedAngelus’attorneyJeromeH.Mooneytoappealthesentenceandifappealsfailseekapresidentialcommutation. Whilecivil-rightsadvocatesacrossAmericaprotestedthesentencetheUtahUSAttorney’sofficedefendedthesystem.ToprosecutorsAngelusisnoBuyScout.Officialsfoundsome26emptyduffelhagswithmarijuanaresidue.LocalfedsbelievedAngeluswasabigdrugdealerAssistantUSAttorneyRobertLundtoldmeandassociatedwithaviolentstreetgang. Letmesaythis:Angelusneverwasagoodposterboyforthemovementtohumanizedraconianfederaldruglaws.Angelusturneddownaplea-bargainsentenceof16years.Heisconsideredafirst-timeoffenderonlybecauseajuvenilegunconvictionwasexpungedfromhisrecord.AndevenifAngelosdidn’twavehisguninpeople’sfaceshenonethelessbroughtagunwithhimduringthetransactions. ButAngeloshasbecomeanationalcausecelebrebecauseofJudgeCassell.Therearemoreegregiousexamplesoffirst-timeoffenderssentencedtodecadesforpettydealingbuttheydidn’tcomebeforeajudgevocallyopposedtotheheavyhandednatureoffederaldrugsentencing. Thatsaiditsimplydoesn’tmakesensethatfederalsentencesoftenaretougheronsmall-timedrugoffendersthanonviolentcriminals.Butithappensallthetime. TheworddraconianLine1Paragraph4mayprobablymean
Theweddingtraditionof"somethingoldsomethingnewsomethingborrowedsomethingblue"hasbeenaroundforhundredsofyears.Manybrideshavebeenaskedontheirrespectiveweddingdaysiftheyhavegatheredsomethingoldnewborrowedandbluetocarrywiththemastheywalkdowntheaisle.Thetraditionofcarryingorwearingoneofeachitemissaidtobringluckandfortunetothenewlymarriedcouple.HaveyoueverstoppedtothinkwhatthesayingreallymeansWhatisitsoriginandwhatdoeseachitemrepresent TheoriginalsayingdatesbacktotheVictoriatimesandstates"Somethingoldsomethingnewsomethingborrowedsomethingblueandasilversixpenceinyourshoe." 41Somethingold Abridemaywearorcarrysomethingoldtorepresenthercontinuedtiestoherfamilyandheroldlife. 42Somethingnew Something"new"isusuallytheeasiestcategorytofill. 43Somethingborrowed Theborroweditemshouldbesomethingborrowedfromafriendthatishappilymarried. 44Somethingblue Wearingsomethingbluedatesbacktobiblicaltimes. 45Silversixpence Placingasilversixpenceinthebride’sleftshoeissaidtobeasymbolofwealth.Thisnotonlyreferstofinancialwealthbutalsoawealthofhappinessandjoythroughouthermarriedlife. Somebridesaren’thoundbytraditionbutstillmaychoosetocarryoutthecustomatsomeoneelse’srequest.Iftheydon’twanttocarrynumerousitemstheymaysimplycarrytwohandkerchiefsinasmallbeadedbag.Theymaychoosetobuyanewwhitehandkerchiefandborrowablueonefromafamilymember.Thatwouldprovidethemwithsomethingnewthewhitehandkerchiefaswellassomethingthatisoldborrowedandblue.Thehandkerchiefjustmaycomeinhandyduringtheweddingfordryingtheirjoyfultears. [A]Wearingsomethingnewissupposedtorepresentsuccessandhopeinthebride’snewlifeandinhermarriage.Ifthebridepurchasedherweddingdressnewitmayrepresenthernewitembutanyitemthatisnewmaybeused. [B]Atthattimeablueweddingdresswasworntorepresentpurityfidelityandlove.Overtimethishaschangedfromwearingabluedresstowearingjustabluebandaroundthebottomofthebride’sweddingdresstomoderntimeswhereitiscommonplaceforthebridetowearabluegarter. [C]Manybrideswearapieceoffamilyjewelryastheirolditem.Somebridesweartheweddingdresswornbytheirmotherorgrandmother.Inmanycasessomethingoldmayalsobesomethingborrowed. [D]Somebridesaremoretraditionalthanotherandmaytakeagreatdealofcareinselectingoneitemforeachcategory.Itmaybetraditionalforthewomenintheirfamiliestowearthesamepieceofjewelry. [E]Itissuggestedthattheirhappinesswillruboffonyouandbringlastinghappinesstoyourmarriage.Somebridesborrowanitemofclothingapieceofjewelryahandkerchieforperhapsabeadedpurse. [F]Sincemostbridesprobablydon’tevenknowwhatasixpenceisthispartofthetraditionisnotusedveryofteninmoderntimes.Howeverifabridewouldliketoincludeitinherweddingshecanpurchaseasilversixpencefrommanycompaniesthatsellbridalsuppliessuchasgartersandinvitations. 43
Text3 LastweekUtahfederalJudgePaulG.Cassellhandeda22-yearsentencetoamanwhobeatanelderlywomantodeathwithalog.AfewhourslaterJudgeCassellsentenceda25-year-oldfirst-timedrugoffenderto55years. IfyouthinkJudgeCasselllikedsentencingasmall-changedrugdealertomoretimethanaviolentkillerguessagain.Thejudgehadnochoice.FederallawdemandedthesentencedespiteJudgeCassell’spointedquestioningiftherewasa"rationalbasis"forsentencingWeldonH.Angelosthefatheroftwoyoungchildrentomoretimethanhecouldsentenceahijackermurderorrapist. Blamefederalmandatoryminimumsentencingrules.AjuryfoundAngelosguiltyonthreeseparatechargesofpossessingafirearmwhilehesoldahalf-poundofmarijuanafor＄350.Thefirstchargeofpossessingagunduringadrugtransactionbroughtafive-yearsentence--thesecondtwochargesbrought25yearseach.Thataddsupto55yearssoevenifAngeloswerefoundguiltyofselling＄1050ofdrugsJudgeCassellhadtofollowtherulesandsentencehimto55yearsontheguncharges.Thejudgedidusearecentfederalrulinginreducingthesentenceforthedrug-sellingcrimestooneday. JudgeCassellwasrighttoimposethedraconiansentence.Ifheignoredfederallawhewouldplacehimselfaboveit. InsteadJudgeCassellsentencedAngelusasthelawdirectedevenasherighteouslyhectoredCongresstorewritefederaldruglawssofirst-timeoffendersdon’tservemoretimethandangerouscareercriminals.ThejudgealsourgedAngelus’attorneyJeromeH.Mooneytoappealthesentenceandifappealsfailseekapresidentialcommutation. Whilecivil-rightsadvocatesacrossAmericaprotestedthesentencetheUtahUSAttorney’sofficedefendedthesystem.ToprosecutorsAngelusisnoBuyScout.Officialsfoundsome26emptyduffelhagswithmarijuanaresidue.LocalfedsbelievedAngeluswasabigdrugdealerAssistantUSAttorneyRobertLundtoldmeandassociatedwithaviolentstreetgang. Letmesaythis:Angelusneverwasagoodposterboyforthemovementtohumanizedraconianfederaldruglaws.Angelusturneddownaplea-bargainsentenceof16years.Heisconsideredafirst-timeoffenderonlybecauseajuvenilegunconvictionwasexpungedfromhisrecord.AndevenifAngelosdidn’twavehisguninpeople’sfaceshenonethelessbroughtagunwithhimduringthetransactions. ButAngeloshasbecomeanationalcausecelebrebecauseofJudgeCassell.Therearemoreegregiousexamplesoffirst-timeoffenderssentencedtodecadesforpettydealingbuttheydidn’tcomebeforeajudgevocallyopposedtotheheavyhandednatureoffederaldrugsentencing. Thatsaiditsimplydoesn’tmakesensethatfederalsentencesoftenaretougheronsmall-timedrugoffendersthanonviolentcriminals.Butithappensallthetime. Intheauthor'sviewthefederalsentenceonAngelosis
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylovetheirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide.Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheirphones.Oneopinionsurvey5that"98percentofAmericanssaytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphoneinpublic"7"86percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’speak8wirelessphones"whenconducting9withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractualbehavior. Cellphoneusers--thatistosaymostofus--are11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversationalpanhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffectonsocialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewhoare"14contact"insocialsituationsbecausetheyareblatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediateenvironment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthestrangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcedetoyouruseofthepublic17adecidedlyundemocraticeffectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeenpepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthailsanddeliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behaviorontheircellphones. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEETⅠ.1
Text1 MaryEberstadtwritesinHome-AloneAmericathatgrowingobesitythehighincidenceofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseamongteenagersandanoverdependenceondrugssuchasRitalinforattentiondeficitdisorderareoftenthefaultofparentswho"outsource"theirresponsibilities. "Wetendtothinkthattheproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthebottomendofthesocialspectrumbutlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongtheaffluent"saidEberstadtamotheroffourwhoisaconservativewriterandresearchfellowatStanfordUniversity’sHooverInstitution. AccordingtothemostrecentfiguresfromtheUSCensusBureau41%ofchildrenaged12to14regularlylookafterthemselvesattheendoftheschoolday.Thefiguresrisewithprosperity.Forchildrenaged5to14"self-careincreasesfrom11%ofchildreninpovertyto22%ofthosewithfamilyincomesatleastdoublethepovertyline." Eberstadt’sbookisdividingsociologistscriticsandpartisansinthe"mommywars"betweenstay-at-homeandworkingparents.Achildclingstotheanklesofhissmartlydressedmothertostopherleavingforworkonthefrontofthebook;hedoesthesametohisfatherontheback. P.J.O’RourketheconservativecommentatorandsatiristsupportsEberstadt’sthesis."Ifyoudon’tthinkherargumentshavemerittrytreatingyourdogthewayAmericatreatsitskids"hesaid. "Givethepuppyherownsetofhousekeysandputherinfrontofthetelevisioninsteadoftakingherforawalk.Lethereatanythingshewantsandhousetrainherself.Sendhertoanothermasterforvisitationattheweekends.Andwhenshecomesintoheatturnherlooseinthepound." JamesQ.WilsonauthorofTheMarriageProblem:HowOurCultureHasWeakenedFamiliesisoneoftheintellectualforcesbehindzerotolerancepolicing.Hepraisedthebook’s"greatunarguablethemethatparentalcareisofdecisiveimportanceinshapingthecharacterofourchildren". FeministcriticsincontrastaccuseEberstadtofTaliban-stylethinking.TheWashingtonPostattackedher"seductive"but"nasty"opinionsandlackof"interestinhowrealpeopleliveorthinkabouttheirlives". Eberstadtinsiststhatsheisnotorderingwomenbacktothehome."Thebottomlineisalotmorenuanced"shesaid."Itdoesn’thavetobe’you’thereafterschoolbuttherearenotenoughprotectivesupportinglovingadultsaround." Neighbourhoodssheadded"aresoemptiedofadultpresencethateventherichestkidsjustgohomethrowthedeadboltandgetnoexercisemorestrenuousthanwalkingfromthevideogametotherefrigerator."TheresultofbeinghomealoneisnotjustsnackingandobesitybutcasualsexleadingtoanexplosioninvenerealdiseasesthatcanleadtoinfertilityandcervicalcancerEberstadtsaid. Thetextismainlyabout
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowriteyouraddress.
Theweddingtraditionof"somethingoldsomethingnewsomethingborrowedsomethingblue"hasbeenaroundforhundredsofyears.Manybrideshavebeenaskedontheirrespectiveweddingdaysiftheyhavegatheredsomethingoldnewborrowedandbluetocarrywiththemastheywalkdowntheaisle.Thetraditionofcarryingorwearingoneofeachitemissaidtobringluckandfortunetothenewlymarriedcouple.HaveyoueverstoppedtothinkwhatthesayingreallymeansWhatisitsoriginandwhatdoeseachitemrepresent TheoriginalsayingdatesbacktotheVictoriatimesandstates"Somethingoldsomethingnewsomethingborrowedsomethingblueandasilversixpenceinyourshoe." 41Somethingold Abridemaywearorcarrysomethingoldtorepresenthercontinuedtiestoherfamilyandheroldlife. 42Somethingnew Something"new"isusuallytheeasiestcategorytofill. 43Somethingborrowed Theborroweditemshouldbesomethingborrowedfromafriendthatishappilymarried. 44Somethingblue Wearingsomethingbluedatesbacktobiblicaltimes. 45Silversixpence Placingasilversixpenceinthebride’sleftshoeissaidtobeasymbolofwealth.Thisnotonlyreferstofinancialwealthbutalsoawealthofhappinessandjoythroughouthermarriedlife. Somebridesaren’thoundbytraditionbutstillmaychoosetocarryoutthecustomatsomeoneelse’srequest.Iftheydon’twanttocarrynumerousitemstheymaysimplycarrytwohandkerchiefsinasmallbeadedbag.Theymaychoosetobuyanewwhitehandkerchiefandborrowablueonefromafamilymember.Thatwouldprovidethemwithsomethingnewthewhitehandkerchiefaswellassomethingthatisoldborrowedandblue.Thehandkerchiefjustmaycomeinhandyduringtheweddingfordryingtheirjoyfultears. [A]Wearingsomethingnewissupposedtorepresentsuccessandhopeinthebride’snewlifeandinhermarriage.Ifthebridepurchasedherweddingdressnewitmayrepresenthernewitembutanyitemthatisnewmaybeused. [B]Atthattimeablueweddingdresswasworntorepresentpurityfidelityandlove.Overtimethishaschangedfromwearingabluedresstowearingjustabluebandaroundthebottomofthebride’sweddingdresstomoderntimeswhereitiscommonplaceforthebridetowearabluegarter. [C]Manybrideswearapieceoffamilyjewelryastheirolditem.Somebridesweartheweddingdresswornbytheirmotherorgrandmother.Inmanycasessomethingoldmayalsobesomethingborrowed. [D]Somebridesaremoretraditionalthanotherandmaytakeagreatdealofcareinselectingoneitemforeachcategory.Itmaybetraditionalforthewomenintheirfamiliestowearthesamepieceofjewelry. [E]Itissuggestedthattheirhappinesswillruboffonyouandbringlastinghappinesstoyourmarriage.Somebridesborrowanitemofclothingapieceofjewelryahandkerchieforperhapsabeadedpurse. [F]Sincemostbridesprobablydon’tevenknowwhatasixpenceisthispartofthetraditionisnotusedveryofteninmoderntimes.Howeverifabridewouldliketoincludeitinherweddingshecanpurchaseasilversixpencefrommanycompaniesthatsellbridalsuppliessuchasgartersandinvitations. 45
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
WhatmakesacitygoodforbusinessEmployersusuallylistaskilledworkforcegoodtransportlinkslowpropertycostsandgoodcommunicationsnetworksastoppriorities. 46Ascomputerandtelephonenetworksbecomeincreasinglysophisticatedbusinessesnolongerhavetobetiedtooneplaceorrunalltheiroperationsononesite.Mostofthecountrynowhasaccesstobroadband. InsurancegiantNorwichUnionisonecompanywhichnowoperatesfrom1200sitesnationwidealllinkedupthroughasinglenetwork.47CallcentrescanoperateaseasilyfromLiverpoolasfromLondonandemployeescanbescatteredacrossthecountryworkingfromhomeandkeepingintouchwiththeofficeviae-mailandvoicemessagingsystems.Businessesareglobalratherthanlocal. RelocatingbusinessesarewelcomedwithopenarmsbyregionaldevelopmentagenciesRDAssetuptoco-ordinatestrategicplanningchannelfundingandworkwithlocalorganisationstobringinnewbusinesses.48"Weareaboutsupportingexistingbusinessesandjobsbutwealsowanttobringnewemployersintoareasandencourageorganicgrowthandentrepreneurs"saysaspokesmanfortheNationalSecretariatofRegionalDevelopmentAgencies. RDAsarealsohelpingtotackleproblemsholdingsomecitiesback.49Unskilledorelderlyworkforceslackoftechnologicalknowledgepoorfacilitiesinadequateinfrastructureandgapsinbroadbandavailabilitycanallcombinetoputbusinessesoffrelocating. OncurrentformthebestplaceintheUKtodobusinessisLeedsaccordingtospecialistresearchconsultancyOMISwhichadvisescompaniesonrelocation.50OMIS’slatestBritain’sBestCitiesreportgivesLeedshighmarksforitsskilledandeducatedworkforceavailabilityofofficespaceandregeneratedcitycentrefullofnewshopsandrestaurants. Unskilledorelderlyworkforceslackoftechnologicalknowledgepoorfacilitiesinadequateinfrastructureandgapsinbroadbandavailabilitycanallcombinetoputbusinessesoffrelocating.
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
TodaytherearetwoapproachestohowAmericansperceivethemselves. 46"Youcanconsideryourselfvaluablenomatterwhatpeoplethinkofyoubutthat’sverydifficultbecausewearesocialcreaturesandCarewhatothersthinkofus--soweimproveouroutwardappearancebecausethat’sreallyallwehave.Wegetourownself-imagefromthewayinwhichotherpeopleviewus." Americansnowhaveadifferentideaofhappinessthandidtheir18th-centurypredecessorssaysNancyPearceyauthorof"TotalTruth:LiberatingChristianityfromitsCulturalCaptivity". 47"WhentheFounderstalkedabout’thepursuitofhappiness’theywereusingthattermintheclassicaldefinitioninwhichitwasthoughttobetheresultofvirtue.Happinesswassomethingattainedlateinlifeifatallbecauseittakesanentirelifetimetodevelopvirtuouscharacter"Mrs.Pearceysays.TheFoundersbelieved"thatwemaynotbevirtuousbynaturebutbypracticevirtuecanbecome’secondnature’tous." Todayshesaysourdefinitionsofhappinessarebasedonproductscareerandbeinglikedbypeers.48"Asaresultthefocusofourlivestendstobeonacquiringtheseexternalthingsinsteadofonbecomingfullerwiserhumanbeings." Yettheshiftfromamorality-focusedsocietytoanappearance-focusedsocietyalreadywasunderwaywhenAmericawasfounded.ThomasJeffersonsaysMr.Elliswasinterestedinimprovinghimselfbybringingouthisinherentgoodness--anotionthatcameoutoftheEnlightenment. "It’sliketheArmy’ssaying’Beallthatyoucanbe’"saidMr.Ellis."Itpresumesthatthereisthisnaturalwellofgoodnessinsideyouthatjustneedstocomeoutandexpressitself." DespitetheunderlyingdifferencessaysMr.Ellistheendresultofself-improvementisultimatelythesame.49Americanslikeself-improvementwhetherphysicalorspiritualbecauseitmakesthemlookbetterintheeyesoftheirpeersorhistory. ThegoalfortheFounderswas"posterity’sjudgmentthathistorywillrememberyou"Mr.Ellissaysbutfortoday’scitizenthegoalismoreimmediaterecognitionbypeers. 50TheFoundersfocusedoncharacterandreputationhesaysbecausetheyknewthatiswhatwouldhaveaneffectinachievingpracticalrewards. "TakeFranklin:HeentersPhiladelphiaasakidand10yearslaterhe’stheleadingcitizen"Mr.Ellissays."Youdogoodinordertobetteryourselfandtheworldwillrecognizethatbetterselfandrewardit." Americanslikeself-improvementwhetherphysicalorspiritualbecauseitmakesthemlookbetterintheeyesoftheirpeersorhistory.
Theweddingtraditionof"somethingoldsomethingnewsomethingborrowedsomethingblue"hasbeenaroundforhundredsofyears.Manybrideshavebeenaskedontheirrespectiveweddingdaysiftheyhavegatheredsomethingoldnewborrowedandbluetocarrywiththemastheywalkdowntheaisle.Thetraditionofcarryingorwearingoneofeachitemissaidtobringluckandfortunetothenewlymarriedcouple.HaveyoueverstoppedtothinkwhatthesayingreallymeansWhatisitsoriginandwhatdoeseachitemrepresent TheoriginalsayingdatesbacktotheVictoriatimesandstates"Somethingoldsomethingnewsomethingborrowedsomethingblueandasilversixpenceinyourshoe." 41Somethingold Abridemaywearorcarrysomethingoldtorepresenthercontinuedtiestoherfamilyandheroldlife. 42Somethingnew Something"new"isusuallytheeasiestcategorytofill. 43Somethingborrowed Theborroweditemshouldbesomethingborrowedfromafriendthatishappilymarried. 44Somethingblue Wearingsomethingbluedatesbacktobiblicaltimes. 45Silversixpence Placingasilversixpenceinthebride’sleftshoeissaidtobeasymbolofwealth.Thisnotonlyreferstofinancialwealthbutalsoawealthofhappinessandjoythroughouthermarriedlife. Somebridesaren’thoundbytraditionbutstillmaychoosetocarryoutthecustomatsomeoneelse’srequest.Iftheydon’twanttocarrynumerousitemstheymaysimplycarrytwohandkerchiefsinasmallbeadedbag.Theymaychoosetobuyanewwhitehandkerchiefandborrowablueonefromafamilymember.Thatwouldprovidethemwithsomethingnewthewhitehandkerchiefaswellassomethingthatisoldborrowedandblue.Thehandkerchiefjustmaycomeinhandyduringtheweddingfordryingtheirjoyfultears. [A]Wearingsomethingnewissupposedtorepresentsuccessandhopeinthebride’snewlifeandinhermarriage.Ifthebridepurchasedherweddingdressnewitmayrepresenthernewitembutanyitemthatisnewmaybeused. [B]Atthattimeablueweddingdresswasworntorepresentpurityfidelityandlove.Overtimethishaschangedfromwearingabluedresstowearingjustabluebandaroundthebottomofthebride’sweddingdresstomoderntimeswhereitiscommonplaceforthebridetowearabluegarter. [C]Manybrideswearapieceoffamilyjewelryastheirolditem.Somebridesweartheweddingdresswornbytheirmotherorgrandmother.Inmanycasessomethingoldmayalsobesomethingborrowed. [D]Somebridesaremoretraditionalthanotherandmaytakeagreatdealofcareinselectingoneitemforeachcategory.Itmaybetraditionalforthewomenintheirfamiliestowearthesamepieceofjewelry. [E]Itissuggestedthattheirhappinesswillruboffonyouandbringlastinghappinesstoyourmarriage.Somebridesborrowanitemofclothingapieceofjewelryahandkerchieforperhapsabeadedpurse. [F]Sincemostbridesprobablydon’tevenknowwhatasixpenceisthispartofthetraditionisnotusedveryofteninmoderntimes.Howeverifabridewouldliketoincludeitinherweddingshecanpurchaseasilversixpencefrommanycompaniesthatsellbridalsuppliessuchasgartersandinvitations. 41
WhatmakesacitygoodforbusinessEmployersusuallylistaskilledworkforcegoodtransportlinkslowpropertycostsandgoodcommunicationsnetworksastoppriorities. 46Ascomputerandtelephonenetworksbecomeincreasinglysophisticatedbusinessesnolongerhavetobetiedtooneplaceorrunalltheiroperationsononesite.Mostofthecountrynowhasaccesstobroadband. InsurancegiantNorwichUnionisonecompanywhichnowoperatesfrom1200sitesnationwidealllinkedupthroughasinglenetwork.47CallcentrescanoperateaseasilyfromLiverpoolasfromLondonandemployeescanbescatteredacrossthecountryworkingfromhomeandkeepingintouchwiththeofficeviae-mailandvoicemessagingsystems.Businessesareglobalratherthanlocal. RelocatingbusinessesarewelcomedwithopenarmsbyregionaldevelopmentagenciesRDAssetuptoco-ordinatestrategicplanningchannelfundingandworkwithlocalorganisationstobringinnewbusinesses.48"Weareaboutsupportingexistingbusinessesandjobsbutwealsowanttobringnewemployersintoareasandencourageorganicgrowthandentrepreneurs"saysaspokesmanfortheNationalSecretariatofRegionalDevelopmentAgencies. RDAsarealsohelpingtotackleproblemsholdingsomecitiesback.49Unskilledorelderlyworkforceslackoftechnologicalknowledgepoorfacilitiesinadequateinfrastructureandgapsinbroadbandavailabilitycanallcombinetoputbusinessesoffrelocating. OncurrentformthebestplaceintheUKtodobusinessisLeedsaccordingtospecialistresearchconsultancyOMISwhichadvisescompaniesonrelocation.50OMIS’slatestBritain’sBestCitiesreportgivesLeedshighmarksforitsskilledandeducatedworkforceavailabilityofofficespaceandregeneratedcitycentrefullofnewshopsandrestaurants. CallcentrescanoperateaseasilyfromLiverpoolasfromLondonandemployeescanbescatteredacrossthecountryworkingfromhomeandkeepingintouchwiththeofficeviae-mailandvoicemessagingsystems.
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Text3 LastweekUtahfederalJudgePaulG.Cassellhandeda22-yearsentencetoamanwhobeatanelderlywomantodeathwithalog.AfewhourslaterJudgeCassellsentenceda25-year-oldfirst-timedrugoffenderto55years. IfyouthinkJudgeCasselllikedsentencingasmall-changedrugdealertomoretimethanaviolentkillerguessagain.Thejudgehadnochoice.FederallawdemandedthesentencedespiteJudgeCassell’spointedquestioningiftherewasa"rationalbasis"forsentencingWeldonH.Angelosthefatheroftwoyoungchildrentomoretimethanhecouldsentenceahijackermurderorrapist. Blamefederalmandatoryminimumsentencingrules.AjuryfoundAngelosguiltyonthreeseparatechargesofpossessingafirearmwhilehesoldahalf-poundofmarijuanafor＄350.Thefirstchargeofpossessingagunduringadrugtransactionbroughtafive-yearsentence--thesecondtwochargesbrought25yearseach.Thataddsupto55yearssoevenifAngeloswerefoundguiltyofselling＄1050ofdrugsJudgeCassellhadtofollowtherulesandsentencehimto55yearsontheguncharges.Thejudgedidusearecentfederalrulinginreducingthesentenceforthedrug-sellingcrimestooneday. JudgeCassellwasrighttoimposethedraconiansentence.Ifheignoredfederallawhewouldplacehimselfaboveit. InsteadJudgeCassellsentencedAngelusasthelawdirectedevenasherighteouslyhectoredCongresstorewritefederaldruglawssofirst-timeoffendersdon’tservemoretimethandangerouscareercriminals.ThejudgealsourgedAngelus’attorneyJeromeH.Mooneytoappealthesentenceandifappealsfailseekapresidentialcommutation. Whilecivil-rightsadvocatesacrossAmericaprotestedthesentencetheUtahUSAttorney’sofficedefendedthesystem.ToprosecutorsAngelusisnoBuyScout.Officialsfoundsome26emptyduffelhagswithmarijuanaresidue.LocalfedsbelievedAngeluswasabigdrugdealerAssistantUSAttorneyRobertLundtoldmeandassociatedwithaviolentstreetgang. Letmesaythis:Angelusneverwasagoodposterboyforthemovementtohumanizedraconianfederaldruglaws.Angelusturneddownaplea-bargainsentenceof16years.Heisconsideredafirst-timeoffenderonlybecauseajuvenilegunconvictionwasexpungedfromhisrecord.AndevenifAngelosdidn’twavehisguninpeople’sfaceshenonethelessbroughtagunwithhimduringthetransactions. ButAngeloshasbecomeanationalcausecelebrebecauseofJudgeCassell.Therearemoreegregiousexamplesoffirst-timeoffenderssentencedtodecadesforpettydealingbuttheydidn’tcomebeforeajudgevocallyopposedtotheheavyhandednatureoffederaldrugsentencing. Thatsaiditsimplydoesn’tmakesensethatfederalsentencesoftenaretougheronsmall-timedrugoffendersthanonviolentcriminals.Butithappensallthetime. Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat
Text1 MaryEberstadtwritesinHome-AloneAmericathatgrowingobesitythehighincidenceofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseamongteenagersandanoverdependenceondrugssuchasRitalinforattentiondeficitdisorderareoftenthefaultofparentswho"outsource"theirresponsibilities. "Wetendtothinkthattheproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthebottomendofthesocialspectrumbutlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongtheaffluent"saidEberstadtamotheroffourwhoisaconservativewriterandresearchfellowatStanfordUniversity’sHooverInstitution. AccordingtothemostrecentfiguresfromtheUSCensusBureau41%ofchildrenaged12to14regularlylookafterthemselvesattheendoftheschoolday.Thefiguresrisewithprosperity.Forchildrenaged5to14"self-careincreasesfrom11%ofchildreninpovertyto22%ofthosewithfamilyincomesatleastdoublethepovertyline." Eberstadt’sbookisdividingsociologistscriticsandpartisansinthe"mommywars"betweenstay-at-homeandworkingparents.Achildclingstotheanklesofhissmartlydressedmothertostopherleavingforworkonthefrontofthebook;hedoesthesametohisfatherontheback. P.J.O’RourketheconservativecommentatorandsatiristsupportsEberstadt’sthesis."Ifyoudon’tthinkherargumentshavemerittrytreatingyourdogthewayAmericatreatsitskids"hesaid. "Givethepuppyherownsetofhousekeysandputherinfrontofthetelevisioninsteadoftakingherforawalk.Lethereatanythingshewantsandhousetrainherself.Sendhertoanothermasterforvisitationattheweekends.Andwhenshecomesintoheatturnherlooseinthepound." JamesQ.WilsonauthorofTheMarriageProblem:HowOurCultureHasWeakenedFamiliesisoneoftheintellectualforcesbehindzerotolerancepolicing.Hepraisedthebook’s"greatunarguablethemethatparentalcareisofdecisiveimportanceinshapingthecharacterofourchildren". FeministcriticsincontrastaccuseEberstadtofTaliban-stylethinking.TheWashingtonPostattackedher"seductive"but"nasty"opinionsandlackof"interestinhowrealpeopleliveorthinkabouttheirlives". Eberstadtinsiststhatsheisnotorderingwomenbacktothehome."Thebottomlineisalotmorenuanced"shesaid."Itdoesn’thavetobe’you’thereafterschoolbuttherearenotenoughprotectivesupportinglovingadultsaround." Neighbourhoodssheadded"aresoemptiedofadultpresencethateventherichestkidsjustgohomethrowthedeadboltandgetnoexercisemorestrenuousthanwalkingfromthevideogametotherefrigerator."TheresultofbeinghomealoneisnotjustsnackingandobesitybutcasualsexleadingtoanexplosioninvenerealdiseasesthatcanleadtoinfertilityandcervicalcancerEberstadtsaid. JamesQ.WilsonsupportsMaryEberstadt'snewbookbecause
Text1 MaryEberstadtwritesinHome-AloneAmericathatgrowingobesitythehighincidenceofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseamongteenagersandanoverdependenceondrugssuchasRitalinforattentiondeficitdisorderareoftenthefaultofparentswho"outsource"theirresponsibilities. "Wetendtothinkthattheproblemswithjuvenilesarelocatedatthebottomendofthesocialspectrumbutlatchkeychildrenaremorecommonamongtheaffluent"saidEberstadtamotheroffourwhoisaconservativewriterandresearchfellowatStanfordUniversity’sHooverInstitution. AccordingtothemostrecentfiguresfromtheUSCensusBureau41%ofchildrenaged12to14regularlylookafterthemselvesattheendoftheschoolday.Thefiguresrisewithprosperity.Forchildrenaged5to14"self-careincreasesfrom11%ofchildreninpovertyto22%ofthosewithfamilyincomesatleastdoublethepovertyline." Eberstadt’sbookisdividingsociologistscriticsandpartisansinthe"mommywars"betweenstay-at-homeandworkingparents.Achildclingstotheanklesofhissmartlydressedmothertostopherleavingforworkonthefrontofthebook;hedoesthesametohisfatherontheback. P.J.O’RourketheconservativecommentatorandsatiristsupportsEberstadt’sthesis."Ifyoudon’tthinkherargumentshavemerittrytreatingyourdogthewayAmericatreatsitskids"hesaid. "Givethepuppyherownsetofhousekeysandputherinfrontofthetelevisioninsteadoftakingherforawalk.Lethereatanythingshewantsandhousetrainherself.Sendhertoanothermasterforvisitationattheweekends.Andwhenshecomesintoheatturnherlooseinthepound." JamesQ.WilsonauthorofTheMarriageProblem:HowOurCultureHasWeakenedFamiliesisoneoftheintellectualforcesbehindzerotolerancepolicing.Hepraisedthebook’s"greatunarguablethemethatparentalcareisofdecisiveimportanceinshapingthecharacterofourchildren". FeministcriticsincontrastaccuseEberstadtofTaliban-stylethinking.TheWashingtonPostattackedher"seductive"but"nasty"opinionsandlackof"interestinhowrealpeopleliveorthinkabouttheirlives". Eberstadtinsiststhatsheisnotorderingwomenbacktothehome."Thebottomlineisalotmorenuanced"shesaid."Itdoesn’thavetobe’you’thereafterschoolbuttherearenotenoughprotectivesupportinglovingadultsaround." Neighbourhoodssheadded"aresoemptiedofadultpresencethateventherichestkidsjustgohomethrowthedeadboltandgetnoexercisemorestrenuousthanwalkingfromthevideogametotherefrigerator."TheresultofbeinghomealoneisnotjustsnackingandobesitybutcasualsexleadingtoanexplosioninvenerealdiseasesthatcanleadtoinfertilityandcervicalcancerEberstadtsaid. MaryEberstadtwouldmostlyagree
Text2 KarenPagebravedpre-dawndarknessandfreezingtemperaturesyesterdaytofacedownasceneof"organizedchaos". Hundredsofearly-birdshopperswerewaitingoutsideorinidlingcarswhenMissPagearrivedforherjobasastoregreeteratToysRUsinFairOaksShoppingCenterinFairfax. Welcometo"BlackFriday"perhapsthebiggestretailSalesdayoftheyearasmillionsofshoppersacrossAmericaareluredtostoreswithexpandedhoursandheavilydiscountedprices. "Thisisanorganizedchaoswhichisagoodthing"saidMissPagewhotookupapositionatthefrontofthestoretogreetandassistcustomers.Shewasquicklyoverwhelmedascrowdspouredinandcountlesscustomersaskedhertofindaparticulartoy. OnBlackFridayshoppershopetogetthebeststuffatthebestpricesforholidaygifts.RetailershopetogetajumpontheholidaysalesseasonwhichtraditionallystartsafterThanksgivingandrunsthroughChristmassaidEllenTolleyspokeswomanfortheNationalRetailFederationthelargesttradeassociationforretailers. ThedayafterThanksgivingiscalled"BlackFriday"becauseitistraditionallythedaywhenretailers’booksshiftfromredtoblack. "You’llseemoreconsumersbuyingthingsaheadoftime"shesaid. MissPagewhohasbeenworkingattheToysRUssince1995calledthe300to400peoplewaitingoutsidebeforethestoreopeningyesterday"aboutaverage". Retailersnationwideanticipatea4.5percentsalesjumpthisholidayseasonbringingtotalspendingupto＄219.9billionMissTolleysaid. Thatislessthanlastyear’sholidaysalesspikeof5.1percentbutstillsolidshesaid. "It’sasignthatconsumersaremoresettledthantheywereayearagoandtheyfeelcomfortablefinanciallyandconfidentwiththeeconomy"MissTolleysaid. Americanswillspendonaverage＄730onChristmasgiftsaccountingforroughlyaquarterofannualretailsalesdownfromlastyear’s＄734perpersonaccordingtoGallup’sannualholidaysurvey. Luxuryitemslikehigh-endelectronicsfursandjewelryalongwithtoysareexpectedtoleadsalesthisholidayseasonMissTolleysaid. Additionallyconsumerswillspendanaverage＄80.45ongiftcardsshesaid. Notallofthoseitemswillbeboughtatstores.Washingtonareashopperswillspend58percentoftheirbudgetonlinethisyearaccordingtoAmericaOnline. RetailersintheDistrictalsoaretryingtoattractshopperswithasalestaxholidaywhichwillrunthroughDec.5. Washington’s5.75percentsalestaxwillbeexemptedfromclothingshoesandaccessoriesthatcostlessthan＄100each.Thereisnolimitonthetotalvalueofthepurchases. InWashington'ssalestaxholidayashirtmarked＄20apairofbootsmarked＄80andapairofearringsmarked＄200willsaveyou
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
TodaytherearetwoapproachestohowAmericansperceivethemselves. 46"Youcanconsideryourselfvaluablenomatterwhatpeoplethinkofyoubutthat’sverydifficultbecausewearesocialcreaturesandCarewhatothersthinkofus--soweimproveouroutwardappearancebecausethat’sreallyallwehave.Wegetourownself-imagefromthewayinwhichotherpeopleviewus." Americansnowhaveadifferentideaofhappinessthandidtheir18th-centurypredecessorssaysNancyPearceyauthorof"TotalTruth:LiberatingChristianityfromitsCulturalCaptivity". 47"WhentheFounderstalkedabout’thepursuitofhappiness’theywereusingthattermintheclassicaldefinitioninwhichitwasthoughttobetheresultofvirtue.Happinesswassomethingattainedlateinlifeifatallbecauseittakesanentirelifetimetodevelopvirtuouscharacter"Mrs.Pearceysays.TheFoundersbelieved"thatwemaynotbevirtuousbynaturebutbypracticevirtuecanbecome’secondnature’tous." Todayshesaysourdefinitionsofhappinessarebasedonproductscareerandbeinglikedbypeers.48"Asaresultthefocusofourlivestendstobeonacquiringtheseexternalthingsinsteadofonbecomingfullerwiserhumanbeings." Yettheshiftfromamorality-focusedsocietytoanappearance-focusedsocietyalreadywasunderwaywhenAmericawasfounded.ThomasJeffersonsaysMr.Elliswasinterestedinimprovinghimselfbybringingouthisinherentgoodness--anotionthatcameoutoftheEnlightenment. "It’sliketheArmy’ssaying’Beallthatyoucanbe’"saidMr.Ellis."Itpresumesthatthereisthisnaturalwellofgoodnessinsideyouthatjustneedstocomeoutandexpressitself." DespitetheunderlyingdifferencessaysMr.Ellistheendresultofself-improvementisultimatelythesame.49Americanslikeself-improvementwhetherphysicalorspiritualbecauseitmakesthemlookbetterintheeyesoftheirpeersorhistory. ThegoalfortheFounderswas"posterity’sjudgmentthathistorywillrememberyou"Mr.Ellissaysbutfortoday’scitizenthegoalismoreimmediaterecognitionbypeers. 50TheFoundersfocusedoncharacterandreputationhesaysbecausetheyknewthatiswhatwouldhaveaneffectinachievingpracticalrewards. "TakeFranklin:HeentersPhiladelphiaasakidand10yearslaterhe’stheleadingcitizen"Mr.Ellissays."Youdogoodinordertobetteryourselfandtheworldwillrecognizethatbetterselfandrewardit." WhentheFounderstalkedabout’thepursuitofhappiness’theywereusingthattermintheclassicaldefinitioninwhichitwasthoughttobetheresultofvirtue
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowriteyouraddress.
It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbyeandthat1eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards2arethrowingthebooksatkids.3elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework4What’sawell-meaningparenttodo Ashardas5mayhesitbackandchillexpertsadvise.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit6helpingtoomuchorevenexamining7toocarefullyyoumaykeepthem8doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery9assignment"sayspsychologistJohnRosemondauthorofEndingtheToughHomework."There’sa10ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren11thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir12.But"youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe13"shesays. That’snottosayparentsshould14homework-firsttheyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids15.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin16fourfiveandsixisstandardsaysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"17morethananhourandahalf"andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild18hasmorehomeworkthanthisyoumaywanttocheck19otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout20assignments. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
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