首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
在欧洲封建社会，教育权主要控制在教会手中，这主要反映了封建社会教育的( )
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选题》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
欧洲封建社会曾出现过教会教育和______教育两种有代表性的教育体系
在欧洲封建社会有两种教育体系包括教会教育和__________
欧洲封建社会时期最大的封建主是
国王
教会
封建贵族
商人
在欧洲封建社会有两种教育体系教会教育和
欧洲封建社会出现了两种类型的教育即
教会学校、宫廷教育
骑士教育、宫廷教育
教会学校、骑士教育
中国封建社会的学校有三大类型即____________书院在欧洲中世纪出现了两种类型的教育即教会教育
在欧洲封建社会出现的两种类型的教育是骑士教育和:
斯巴达教育
雅典教育
教会学校
实科教育
欧洲封建社会里曾出现过教会和教育两种有代表性的教育体系
欧洲封建社会有两种教育体系教会学校教育和__________
热门试题
更多
Directions: AStudythegraphsbelowCarefullyandwriteanessayofabout200words. BYouressaymustcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow: 1interpretthepicture; 2explaintherolesofthemigrantworkers; 3yourcomments. ThePercentageofMigrantWorkersinaChineseCity
Text2 WHAT’SthedifferencebetweenGodand LarryEllisonasksanoldsoftwareindustryjoke.Answer:Goddoesn’tthink he’sLarryEllison.ThebossofOracleishardlyaloneamongcorporatechiefsin havingareputationforbeingratherkeenonhimself.Indeed’untilthebubble burstandthepublicturnednastyatthestartofthedecadethecultofthe celebritychiefexecutiveseemedtodemandbosslynarcissismasevidencethata firmwasbeingledbyanall-conqueringhero.Narcissusmeta nastyendofcourse.Andinrecentyearsboss-worshiphascometobeseenas badforbusiness.InhismanagementbestsellerGoodtoGreatJimCollins arguedthatthetrulysuccessfulbosseswerenottheserf-proclaimedstarswho adornthecoversofForbesandFortunebutinsteadself-effacingthoughtful monkishsortswholeadbyinspiringexample.Astatistical answermaybeathand.ForthefirsttimeanewstudyIt’sAllAboutMeto bepresentednextweekattheannualgatheringoftheAmericanAcademyof Managementoffersasystematicempiricalanalysisofwhateffect narcissisticbosseshaveonthefirmstheyrun.TheauthorsArijitChatterjee andDonaldHambrickofPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminednarcissismin theupperlevelsof105firmsinthecomputerandsoftwareindustries. Todothistheybadtosolveapracticalproblem:studiesofnarcissism havehithertoreliedonsurveyingindividualspersonallysomethingfor whichfewchiefexecutivesarelikelytohavetimeorinclination.Sothe authorsdevisedanindexofnarcissismusingsixpubliclyavailableindicators obtainablewithouttheco-operationoftheboss.Theseare:theprominenceof theboss’sphotointheannualreport;hisprominenceincompanypress releases;thelengthofhisWho’sWhoentry;thefrequencyofhisuseofthe firstpersonsingularininterviews;andtheratiosofhiscashandnon-cash compensationtothoseofthefirm’ssecond-highestpaid executive.Narcissismnaturallydrivespeopletoseekpositions ofpowerandinfluenceandbecausegreatself-esteemhelpsyourprofessional advancesaytheauthorschiefexecutiveswilltendonaveragetobemore narcissisticthanthegeneralpopulation.HowdoesthataffectafirmMessrs ChatterjeeandHambrickfoundthathighlynarcissisticbossestendedtomake biggerchangesintheuseofimportantresourcessuchasresearchand developmentorinspendingandleverage;theycarriedoutmoreandbigger mergersandacquisitions;andtheirresultswerebothmoreextrememorebig winsorbiglossesandmoretransientthanthoseoffirmsrunbytheirhumbler peers.Forshareholdersthatcouldbegoodorbad.Although oddlytheauthorsarekeepingtheirnarcissismrankingsecrettheyhave revealedthatMrEllisondidnotcometop.Alasforhimthatmaybebecausethe studylimiteditsefftopeoplewhobecamethebossafter1991--wellafterhe tookthehelm.IneveryrespectMrEllisonseemstobetheclassicnarcissistic bossclaimsMrChatterjee.Thereislifeintheoldjoke yet.ApracticalproblemwiththeIt’sallaboutmestudyisthat
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thehistoryofthecomputerinthe twentiethcenturyisoneofdramaticadaptationandexpansion.Thecomputerhad modestbeginningsinareaswhereitwasusedasaspecialisttool.Thefirst electroniccomputerwasbuiltinthe1930sandwassolelyfortheuseof undergraduatestudentsinIowaStateUniversitytohandlemathematical computationsinnuclearphysics.Inthe1960sanearlyversionoftheInternet ARPPANETwasusedincomputerscienceandengineeringprojects.Howeveronly10 yearslatercomputerswerestartingtochangeourlifestylethewaywedo businessandmanyotherthingsandbythelate1980s’networkswereexpandingto embracesectionsofthegeneralpublic.Computerizationhas changedUShighschooleducationinmanyways.Threedifferentchangesthat considerbeingimportant.Thefirstistheuseofthecomputerasteachingaid forteachers.Thenextisthemassivedatastorageandfastdataretrieval facilitatedbycomputer.Thencomesthechangesbroughtaboutbythe introductionofsimulationsoftware.Howprevalentistheuseof computersinschools!Asrecentlyastheearly1980sonly20%ofsecondary scienceteachersintheUSAwereusingmicrocomputers.Howeversincethenhigh schoolsintheUShavecomputerizedrapidly.By1987schoolshadacquiredabout 1.5millioncomputerswith95%ofpublicschoolshavingatleastonecomputer. Computerscanbeusedasteachingaidsbothinschoolsandinhomes.Inschools forexampleteacherscanplugacomputerintoanespeciallyequippedoverhead projectortobringtextsgraphicssoundandvideosintoaclassroom.By thesemultimediacomputeranimationsteacherscanmorereadilyattractand retainstudents’attention.Annconcludesthatcomputeraidedteachingcan attractandmotivatestudentswhoweredroppingoutwhenmoretraditional methodswerebeingused.LetusnowturntotheInternet.This isaglobalnetworkconnectingmanylocalnetworks.OvertheInternethigh schoolstudentscanretrieveinformationanddatabasesfromeverynetworked libraryaroundtheworldinseconds.TheWorldWideWebprovidesaneasywayto accesshard-to-findinformation.Studentscannowreachanylibrarythroughthe globalnetworkandfindwhattheywant.Thefinalstepistodownloadthe scannedimage.Thoughtheslowtransmissionofsignalthroughthenetworkisa majorlimitingfactoritcanstillsaveusmuchtimeinfindinguseful informationandthusitisaninvaluabletooltobothhighschoolteachersand students.Thewordfacilitatedline3paragraph2isclosestinmeaningto
损分
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChineseYourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthe wayinwhichinformationisdistributedbyalteringpoliticalcampaignsand changingcitizens’patternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizen’s independentaccesstothecandidatestelevisiondismissedtheroleofthe politicalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycantering politicsonthepersonofcandidatestelevisionacceleratedthecitizen’sfocus oncharacterratherthanissues.Televisionhasalteredthe formsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.47Themessagesonwhichmostof usrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewerethestumpspeechapoliticalspeech givenbytravellingpoliticiansandlasting1.5to2hourswhichcharacterized nineteenth-centurypoliticaldiscoursehasgivenwaytothe30second advertisementandthen10secondsoundbiteinbroadcastnews. Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthe politicianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeaclipofthe speechonthenews.Intheseabbreviatedformsmuchofwhat consistedthetraditionalpoliticaldiscourseofearlierageshasbeenlost. 48In15or30secondsaspeakercan’testablishthehistoricalcontext thatshapedtheissueinquestioncannotdetailtheprobablecausesofthe problemandcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneis preferabletoothers.Inclipspoliticiansassertbutdonot argue.Becausetelevisionisanintimatemediumspeaking throughitrequiredachangedpoliticalstylethatwasmoreconversational personalandvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.Relianceon televisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorable picturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schoolsteachusnotanalyzewordsand print.49Howeverinaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills. Recognizingthepoweroftelevision’spicturespoliticianscraft televisualandstagedeventscalledpseudo-eventsdesignedtoattractmedia coverage.50Politicianstheirspeechwritersandtheirpublicrelations advisersfortelevisedconsumptionhavecraftedmuchofthepoliticalactivity weseeontelevisionnews.Soundbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsin debatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Text4 LASTmonthAmerica’sNationalLaw Journaltolditsreadersthatemploymentlawyersarewarninglovestruck co-workerstotakeprecautionsintheofficebeforelockinglipsoutside.The advicecametoolateforHarryStonecipher.ThebossofBoeingwasforcedto resignlastweekend—forreasonsthatwillstrikemanyoutsidersasabsurd—after hisboardweretoldofanaffairthatthe68-year-oldmarriedmanhadbeen conductingwithafemaleemployeewhodidnotreportdirectlyto himInevitablyastheweekrolledondetailsoftheaffair rolledout.Theotherpartywasre2portedtobeDebraPeabodywhoisunmarried andhasworkedforBoeingfor25years.Thecoupleweresaidtohavefirstgot togetheratBoeing’sannualretreatatPalmDesertCaliforniainJanuary.After thatmuchoftheaffairmusthavebeenconductedfromadistance:Mr. Stonecipher’sofficeisatBoeing’sheadquartersinChicago;MsPeabodyrunsthe firm’sgovernment-relationsofficeinWashingtonDC.Theyexchangede-mailsit seemsasofficeloverstendtodothesedaysandthereinprobablylayMr Stonecipher’sdownfallLewisPlattBoeing’schairmansaidthat MrStonecipherbrokeacompanyrulethatsays:Employeeswillnotengagein conductoractivitythatmayraisequestionsastothecompany’shonesty impartialityreputationorotherwisecauseembarrassmenttothecompany. Havinganaffairwithafellowemployeeisnotofitselfagainstcompany rules;causingembarrassmenttoBoeingis.Itseemsthattheboardjudgedthat thecontentsofthelovers’e-mailswouldhavebeenbadforBoeinghadtheybeen madepublic.Gonearethedayswhenaboardconsideredsuchmattersnoneofits businessasCitibank’sdidin1991whenitsbossJohnReedbecamethetalkof WailStreetforhavinganaffairwithastewardessonCiti’scorporate jet.AtBoeingawhistleblowerissaidtohaveforwardedthe messagestoMrPlatt.Ingenerale-mailsareencryptedandnotaccessibleto anyonewhodoesnotknowthesender’spassword.Butmanyfirmsinstall softwaredesignedtosearchelectroniccommunicationsforkeywordssuchas sexandCEO.Astudylastyearof840AmericanfirmsbytheAmerican ManagementAssociationfoundthat60%ofthemcheckexternale-mailsincoming andoutgoingwhile27%scrutinizeinternalmessagesbetweenemployees. Sweetnothingswhisperedbythewatercoolermaytravellessfarthesedaysthan electronicbilletsdoux.Boeingisparticularlysensitiveto embarrassmentatthemoment.Mr.Stonecipherwasrecalledfromretirementonly 15monthsagoafterthecompany’spreviousbossPhilConditanditschief financialofficerMichaelSearshadleftinthewakeofascandalinvolvingan illegaljoboffertoaPentagonofficial.MrStoneciphera crustyformernumbertwoatBoeingwasbroughtbackspecificallytoraisethe company’sethicalstandardsandtohelpitbeseeninitsmainandaffectedly puritanicalmarketinWashingtonDCassqueakyclean.Verbally explicitextra-maritalaffairsareinconsistentwithsuchastrategyitseems thoughtheyarenotyetenoughtobringdownfuturekingsofEngland. Incorporatelifesuchaffairsarehardlyunusual.Onesurveyfoundthat one-quarterofalllong-termrelationshipsstartatwork;anotherfoundthat over40%ofexecutivessaytheyhavebeeninvolvedinanaffairwitha colleagueandthatinhaftofthesecasesoneorotherpartywasmarriedatthe time.Manyabosshasmarriedhisassistantandlivedhappilyeverafter.Boeing apparentlyusedtoacceptthis:Mr.Condit’sfourthwifewasacolleaguebefore theymarried.Thewordwhistleblowerline1paragraph4mostprobablyreferstoapersonwho
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChineseYourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthe wayinwhichinformationisdistributedbyalteringpoliticalcampaignsand changingcitizens’patternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizen’s independentaccesstothecandidatestelevisiondismissedtheroleofthe politicalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycantering politicsonthepersonofcandidatestelevisionacceleratedthecitizen’sfocus oncharacterratherthanissues.Televisionhasalteredthe formsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.47Themessagesonwhichmostof usrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewerethestumpspeechapoliticalspeech givenbytravellingpoliticiansandlasting1.5to2hourswhichcharacterized nineteenth-centurypoliticaldiscoursehasgivenwaytothe30second advertisementandthen10secondsoundbiteinbroadcastnews. Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthe politicianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeaclipofthe speechonthenews.Intheseabbreviatedformsmuchofwhat consistedthetraditionalpoliticaldiscourseofearlierageshasbeenlost. 48In15or30secondsaspeakercan’testablishthehistoricalcontext thatshapedtheissueinquestioncannotdetailtheprobablecausesofthe problemandcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneis preferabletoothers.Inclipspoliticiansassertbutdonot argue.Becausetelevisionisanintimatemediumspeaking throughitrequiredachangedpoliticalstylethatwasmoreconversational personalandvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.Relianceon televisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorable picturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schoolsteachusnotanalyzewordsand print.49Howeverinaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills. Recognizingthepoweroftelevision’spicturespoliticianscraft televisualandstagedeventscalledpseudo-eventsdesignedtoattractmedia coverage.50Politicianstheirspeechwritersandtheirpublicrelations advisersfortelevisedconsumptionhavecraftedmuchofthepoliticalactivity weseeontelevisionnews.Soundbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsin debatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.
Text3 ThehumanYchromosome--theDNAchunk thatmakesamanaman—haslostsomanygenesoverevolutionarytimethatsome scientistshavesuspecteditmightdisappearin10millionyears.Butanew studysaysit’llstickaround.Researchersfoundnosignofgene lossoverthepast6millionyearssuggestingthechromosomeisdoingapretty goodjobofmaintainingitselfsaidresearcherDavidPageoftheWhitehead InstituteforBiomedicalResearchinCambridgeMass.That agreeswithpriormathematicalcalculationsthatsuggestedtherateofgeneloss wouldslowasthechromosomeevolvedPageandstudyco-authorsnotein Thursday’sissueofthejournalNature.AndtheysayitclasheswithwhatPage calledtheimminentdemiseideathatsaystheYchromosomeisdoomedto extinction.TheYappeared300millionyearsagoandhassince erodedintoadinkychromosomebecauseitlacksthemechanismotherchromosomes havetogetridofdamagedDNA.Somutationshavedisabledhundredsofits originalgenescausingthemtobeshedasuseless.TheYnowcontainsonly27 genesorfamiliesofvirtuallyidenticalgenes.In2003Page reportedthatthemodern-dayYhasanunusualmechanismtofixabouthalfofits genesandprotectthemfromdisappearing.Buthesaidsomescientistsdisagreed withhisconclusion.ThenewpaperfocusesonaregionoftheYchromosomewhere genescan’tbefixedthatway.Researcherscomparedthehuman andchimpanzeeversionsofthisregion.Humansandchimpshavebeenevolving separatelyforabout6millionyearssoscientistsreasonedthatthe comparisonswouldrevealgenesthathavebecomedisabledinonespeciesorthe otherduringthattime.Theyfoundfivesuchgenesonthechimp chromosomebutnoneonthehumanchromosomeanimbalancePagecalled surprising.Itlooksliketherehasbeenlittleifanygenelossinourown specieslineageinthelast6millionyearsPagesaid.Thatcontradictsthe ideathatthehumanYchromosomehascontinuedtolosegenessofastit’ll disappearin10millionyearshesaid.Ithinkwecanwithconfidencedismiss ...the’imminentdemise’theoryPagesaid.JenniferA. MarshallGravesoftheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberraagene researcherwhoarguesforeventualextinctionoftheYchromosomecalledPage’s workbeautifulbutsaiditdidn’tshakeherconvictionthattheYis doomed.TheonlyrealquestioniswhennotiftheYchromosome disappearsshesaid.Itcouldbealotshorterthan10millionyearsbutit couldbealotlongershesaid.TheYchromosomehasalready disappearedinsomeotheranimalsandthere’snoreasontoexpectitcan’t happentohumansshesaid.Ifithappenedinpeoplesomeotherchromosome wouldprobablytakeoverthesex-determiningroleoftheYshe said.Jenniferseemstobelievethat
Text3 ThehumanYchromosome--theDNAchunk thatmakesamanaman—haslostsomanygenesoverevolutionarytimethatsome scientistshavesuspecteditmightdisappearin10millionyears.Butanew studysaysit’llstickaround.Researchersfoundnosignofgene lossoverthepast6millionyearssuggestingthechromosomeisdoingapretty goodjobofmaintainingitselfsaidresearcherDavidPageoftheWhitehead InstituteforBiomedicalResearchinCambridgeMass.That agreeswithpriormathematicalcalculationsthatsuggestedtherateofgeneloss wouldslowasthechromosomeevolvedPageandstudyco-authorsnotein Thursday’sissueofthejournalNature.AndtheysayitclasheswithwhatPage calledtheimminentdemiseideathatsaystheYchromosomeisdoomedto extinction.TheYappeared300millionyearsagoandhassince erodedintoadinkychromosomebecauseitlacksthemechanismotherchromosomes havetogetridofdamagedDNA.Somutationshavedisabledhundredsofits originalgenescausingthemtobeshedasuseless.TheYnowcontainsonly27 genesorfamiliesofvirtuallyidenticalgenes.In2003Page reportedthatthemodern-dayYhasanunusualmechanismtofixabouthalfofits genesandprotectthemfromdisappearing.Buthesaidsomescientistsdisagreed withhisconclusion.ThenewpaperfocusesonaregionoftheYchromosomewhere genescan’tbefixedthatway.Researcherscomparedthehuman andchimpanzeeversionsofthisregion.Humansandchimpshavebeenevolving separatelyforabout6millionyearssoscientistsreasonedthatthe comparisonswouldrevealgenesthathavebecomedisabledinonespeciesorthe otherduringthattime.Theyfoundfivesuchgenesonthechimp chromosomebutnoneonthehumanchromosomeanimbalancePagecalled surprising.Itlooksliketherehasbeenlittleifanygenelossinourown specieslineageinthelast6millionyearsPagesaid.Thatcontradictsthe ideathatthehumanYchromosomehascontinuedtolosegenessofastit’ll disappearin10millionyearshesaid.Ithinkwecanwithconfidencedismiss ...the’imminentdemise’theoryPagesaid.JenniferA. MarshallGravesoftheAustralianNationalUniversityinCanberraagene researcherwhoarguesforeventualextinctionoftheYchromosomecalledPage’s workbeautifulbutsaiditdidn’tshakeherconvictionthattheYis doomed.TheonlyrealquestioniswhennotiftheYchromosome disappearsshesaid.Itcouldbealotshorterthan10millionyearsbutit couldbealotlongershesaid.TheYchromosomehasalready disappearedinsomeotheranimalsandthere’snoreasontoexpectitcan’t happentohumansshesaid.Ifithappenedinpeoplesomeotherchromosome wouldprobablytakeoverthesex-determiningroleoftheYshe said.Pageseemstobelievethat
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChineseYourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthe wayinwhichinformationisdistributedbyalteringpoliticalcampaignsand changingcitizens’patternsofresponsetopolitics.Bygivingcitizen’s independentaccesstothecandidatestelevisiondismissedtheroleofthe politicalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.Bycantering politicsonthepersonofcandidatestelevisionacceleratedthecitizen’sfocus oncharacterratherthanissues.Televisionhasalteredthe formsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.47Themessagesonwhichmostof usrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewerethestumpspeechapoliticalspeech givenbytravellingpoliticiansandlasting1.5to2hourswhichcharacterized nineteenth-centurypoliticaldiscoursehasgivenwaytothe30second advertisementandthen10secondsoundbiteinbroadcastnews. Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthe politicianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeaclipofthe speechonthenews.Intheseabbreviatedformsmuchofwhat consistedthetraditionalpoliticaldiscourseofearlierageshasbeenlost. 48In15or30secondsaspeakercan’testablishthehistoricalcontext thatshapedtheissueinquestioncannotdetailtheprobablecausesofthe problemandcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneis preferabletoothers.Inclipspoliticiansassertbutdonot argue.Becausetelevisionisanintimatemediumspeaking throughitrequiredachangedpoliticalstylethatwasmoreconversational personalandvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.Relianceon televisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorable picturesratherthanmemorablewords.Schoolsteachusnotanalyzewordsand print.49Howeverinaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills. Recognizingthepoweroftelevision’spicturespoliticianscraft televisualandstagedeventscalledpseudo-eventsdesignedtoattractmedia coverage.50Politicianstheirspeechwritersandtheirpublicrelations advisersfortelevisedconsumptionhavecraftedmuchofthepoliticalactivity weseeontelevisionnews.Soundbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsin debatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.
Text2 WHAT’SthedifferencebetweenGodand LarryEllisonasksanoldsoftwareindustryjoke.Answer:Goddoesn’tthink he’sLarryEllison.ThebossofOracleishardlyaloneamongcorporatechiefsin havingareputationforbeingratherkeenonhimself.Indeed’untilthebubble burstandthepublicturnednastyatthestartofthedecadethecultofthe celebritychiefexecutiveseemedtodemandbosslynarcissismasevidencethata firmwasbeingledbyanall-conqueringhero.Narcissusmeta nastyendofcourse.Andinrecentyearsboss-worshiphascometobeseenas badforbusiness.InhismanagementbestsellerGoodtoGreatJimCollins arguedthatthetrulysuccessfulbosseswerenottheserf-proclaimedstarswho adornthecoversofForbesandFortunebutinsteadself-effacingthoughtful monkishsortswholeadbyinspiringexample.Astatistical answermaybeathand.ForthefirsttimeanewstudyIt’sAllAboutMeto bepresentednextweekattheannualgatheringoftheAmericanAcademyof Managementoffersasystematicempiricalanalysisofwhateffect narcissisticbosseshaveonthefirmstheyrun.TheauthorsArijitChatterjee andDonaldHambrickofPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminednarcissismin theupperlevelsof105firmsinthecomputerandsoftwareindustries. Todothistheybadtosolveapracticalproblem:studiesofnarcissism havehithertoreliedonsurveyingindividualspersonallysomethingfor whichfewchiefexecutivesarelikelytohavetimeorinclination.Sothe authorsdevisedanindexofnarcissismusingsixpubliclyavailableindicators obtainablewithouttheco-operationoftheboss.Theseare:theprominenceof theboss’sphotointheannualreport;hisprominenceincompanypress releases;thelengthofhisWho’sWhoentry;thefrequencyofhisuseofthe firstpersonsingularininterviews;andtheratiosofhiscashandnon-cash compensationtothoseofthefirm’ssecond-highestpaid executive.Narcissismnaturallydrivespeopletoseekpositions ofpowerandinfluenceandbecausegreatself-esteemhelpsyourprofessional advancesaytheauthorschiefexecutiveswilltendonaveragetobemore narcissisticthanthegeneralpopulation.HowdoesthataffectafirmMessrs ChatterjeeandHambrickfoundthathighlynarcissisticbossestendedtomake biggerchangesintheuseofimportantresourcessuchasresearchand developmentorinspendingandleverage;theycarriedoutmoreandbigger mergersandacquisitions;andtheirresultswerebothmoreextrememorebig winsorbiglossesandmoretransientthanthoseoffirmsrunbytheirhumbler peers.Forshareholdersthatcouldbegoodorbad.Although oddlytheauthorsarekeepingtheirnarcissismrankingsecrettheyhave revealedthatMrEllisondidnotcometop.Alasforhimthatmaybebecausethe studylimiteditsefftopeoplewhobecamethebossafter1991--wellafterhe tookthehelm.IneveryrespectMrEllisonseemstobetheclassicnarcissistic bossclaimsMrChatterjee.Thereislifeintheoldjoke yet.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat
Text2 WHAT’SthedifferencebetweenGodand LarryEllisonasksanoldsoftwareindustryjoke.Answer:Goddoesn’tthink he’sLarryEllison.ThebossofOracleishardlyaloneamongcorporatechiefsin havingareputationforbeingratherkeenonhimself.Indeed’untilthebubble burstandthepublicturnednastyatthestartofthedecadethecultofthe celebritychiefexecutiveseemedtodemandbosslynarcissismasevidencethata firmwasbeingledbyanall-conqueringhero.Narcissusmeta nastyendofcourse.Andinrecentyearsboss-worshiphascometobeseenas badforbusiness.InhismanagementbestsellerGoodtoGreatJimCollins arguedthatthetrulysuccessfulbosseswerenottheserf-proclaimedstarswho adornthecoversofForbesandFortunebutinsteadself-effacingthoughtful monkishsortswholeadbyinspiringexample.Astatistical answermaybeathand.ForthefirsttimeanewstudyIt’sAllAboutMeto bepresentednextweekattheannualgatheringoftheAmericanAcademyof Managementoffersasystematicempiricalanalysisofwhateffect narcissisticbosseshaveonthefirmstheyrun.TheauthorsArijitChatterjee andDonaldHambrickofPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminednarcissismin theupperlevelsof105firmsinthecomputerandsoftwareindustries. Todothistheybadtosolveapracticalproblem:studiesofnarcissism havehithertoreliedonsurveyingindividualspersonallysomethingfor whichfewchiefexecutivesarelikelytohavetimeorinclination.Sothe authorsdevisedanindexofnarcissismusingsixpubliclyavailableindicators obtainablewithouttheco-operationoftheboss.Theseare:theprominenceof theboss’sphotointheannualreport;hisprominenceincompanypress releases;thelengthofhisWho’sWhoentry;thefrequencyofhisuseofthe firstpersonsingularininterviews;andtheratiosofhiscashandnon-cash compensationtothoseofthefirm’ssecond-highestpaid executive.Narcissismnaturallydrivespeopletoseekpositions ofpowerandinfluenceandbecausegreatself-esteemhelpsyourprofessional advancesaytheauthorschiefexecutiveswilltendonaveragetobemore narcissisticthanthegeneralpopulation.HowdoesthataffectafirmMessrs ChatterjeeandHambrickfoundthathighlynarcissisticbossestendedtomake biggerchangesintheuseofimportantresourcessuchasresearchand developmentorinspendingandleverage;theycarriedoutmoreandbigger mergersandacquisitions;andtheirresultswerebothmoreextrememorebig winsorbiglossesandmoretransientthanthoseoffirmsrunbytheirhumbler peers.Forshareholdersthatcouldbegoodorbad.Although oddlytheauthorsarekeepingtheirnarcissismrankingsecrettheyhave revealedthatMrEllisondidnotcometop.Alasforhimthatmaybebecausethe studylimiteditsefftopeoplewhobecamethebossafter1991--wellafterhe tookthehelm.IneveryrespectMrEllisonseemstobetheclassicnarcissistic bossclaimsMrChatterjee.Thereislifeintheoldjoke yet.Theoldsoftwareindustryjokeisusedinthetextto
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext aboutthefunctionsofadvertisment.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthe listA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph4145.Thereisoneextrabeadingwhich youdonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Advertisementsaddintereststolife[B]Advertisementshelptosave money[C]Criticismsonadvertisers[D]Usefulnessofsmall advertisements[E]Trueaestheticvalueofadvertisement[F]Informing: thechieffunctionofadvertising41______ Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realways cominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhavea flairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround. It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryffwe cancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoesto showhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystop advertisingandreducethepriceOftheirgoodsAfterailit’stheconsumer whopay...42______Thepooroldconsumer!He’d havetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsfor products.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoods aresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeof advertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.A greatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfrom theadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsor remindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwanted tobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetails regardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. 43______Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverread advertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossible nottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Just thinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithout advertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaylaws whilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlyclosely-printedcolumns ofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessucha differencetoadrabwallornewspaperfullofthedailyrationof calamities.44______Wemustnotforgeteither thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissource ofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoyso manybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Just thinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! 45______Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmall ads.whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendously usefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbe accomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyor sellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe hatchmatchanddispatchcolumns;butbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionis thepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuch entertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthe bestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Text4 LASTmonthAmerica’sNationalLaw Journaltolditsreadersthatemploymentlawyersarewarninglovestruck co-workerstotakeprecautionsintheofficebeforelockinglipsoutside.The advicecametoolateforHarryStonecipher.ThebossofBoeingwasforcedto resignlastweekend—forreasonsthatwillstrikemanyoutsidersasabsurd—after hisboardweretoldofanaffairthatthe68-year-oldmarriedmanhadbeen conductingwithafemaleemployeewhodidnotreportdirectlyto himInevitablyastheweekrolledondetailsoftheaffair rolledout.Theotherpartywasre2portedtobeDebraPeabodywhoisunmarried andhasworkedforBoeingfor25years.Thecoupleweresaidtohavefirstgot togetheratBoeing’sannualretreatatPalmDesertCaliforniainJanuary.After thatmuchoftheaffairmusthavebeenconductedfromadistance:Mr. Stonecipher’sofficeisatBoeing’sheadquartersinChicago;MsPeabodyrunsthe firm’sgovernment-relationsofficeinWashingtonDC.Theyexchangede-mailsit seemsasofficeloverstendtodothesedaysandthereinprobablylayMr Stonecipher’sdownfallLewisPlattBoeing’schairmansaidthat MrStonecipherbrokeacompanyrulethatsays:Employeeswillnotengagein conductoractivitythatmayraisequestionsastothecompany’shonesty impartialityreputationorotherwisecauseembarrassmenttothecompany. Havinganaffairwithafellowemployeeisnotofitselfagainstcompany rules;causingembarrassmenttoBoeingis.Itseemsthattheboardjudgedthat thecontentsofthelovers’e-mailswouldhavebeenbadforBoeinghadtheybeen madepublic.Gonearethedayswhenaboardconsideredsuchmattersnoneofits businessasCitibank’sdidin1991whenitsbossJohnReedbecamethetalkof WailStreetforhavinganaffairwithastewardessonCiti’scorporate jet.AtBoeingawhistleblowerissaidtohaveforwardedthe messagestoMrPlatt.Ingenerale-mailsareencryptedandnotaccessibleto anyonewhodoesnotknowthesender’spassword.Butmanyfirmsinstall softwaredesignedtosearchelectroniccommunicationsforkeywordssuchas sexandCEO.Astudylastyearof840AmericanfirmsbytheAmerican ManagementAssociationfoundthat60%ofthemcheckexternale-mailsincoming andoutgoingwhile27%scrutinizeinternalmessagesbetweenemployees. Sweetnothingswhisperedbythewatercoolermaytravellessfarthesedaysthan electronicbilletsdoux.Boeingisparticularlysensitiveto embarrassmentatthemoment.Mr.Stonecipherwasrecalledfromretirementonly 15monthsagoafterthecompany’spreviousbossPhilConditanditschief financialofficerMichaelSearshadleftinthewakeofascandalinvolvingan illegaljoboffertoaPentagonofficial.MrStoneciphera crustyformernumbertwoatBoeingwasbroughtbackspecificallytoraisethe company’sethicalstandardsandtohelpitbeseeninitsmainandaffectedly puritanicalmarketinWashingtonDCassqueakyclean.Verbally explicitextra-maritalaffairsareinconsistentwithsuchastrategyitseems thoughtheyarenotyetenoughtobringdownfuturekingsofEngland. Incorporatelifesuchaffairsarehardlyunusual.Onesurveyfoundthat one-quarterofalllong-termrelationshipsstartatwork;anotherfoundthat over40%ofexecutivessaytheyhavebeeninvolvedinanaffairwitha colleagueandthatinhaftofthesecasesoneorotherpartywasmarriedatthe time.Manyabosshasmarriedhisassistantandlivedhappilyeverafter.Boeing apparentlyusedtoacceptthis:Mr.Condit’sfourthwifewasacolleaguebefore theymarried.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Thehistoryofthecomputerinthe twentiethcenturyisoneofdramaticadaptationandexpansion.Thecomputerhad modestbeginningsinareaswhereitwasusedasaspecialisttool.Thefirst electroniccomputerwasbuiltinthe1930sandwassolelyfortheuseof undergraduatestudentsinIowaStateUniversitytohandlemathematical computationsinnuclearphysics.Inthe1960sanearlyversionoftheInternet ARPPANETwasusedincomputerscienceandengineeringprojects.Howeveronly10 yearslatercomputerswerestartingtochangeourlifestylethewaywedo businessandmanyotherthingsandbythelate1980s’networkswereexpandingto embracesectionsofthegeneralpublic.Computerizationhas changedUShighschooleducationinmanyways.Threedifferentchangesthat considerbeingimportant.Thefirstistheuseofthecomputerasteachingaid forteachers.Thenextisthemassivedatastorageandfastdataretrieval facilitatedbycomputer.Thencomesthechangesbroughtaboutbythe introductionofsimulationsoftware.Howprevalentistheuseof computersinschools!Asrecentlyastheearly1980sonly20%ofsecondary scienceteachersintheUSAwereusingmicrocomputers.Howeversincethenhigh schoolsintheUShavecomputerizedrapidly.By1987schoolshadacquiredabout 1.5millioncomputerswith95%ofpublicschoolshavingatleastonecomputer. Computerscanbeusedasteachingaidsbothinschoolsandinhomes.Inschools forexampleteacherscanplugacomputerintoanespeciallyequippedoverhead projectortobringtextsgraphicssoundandvideosintoaclassroom.By thesemultimediacomputeranimationsteacherscanmorereadilyattractand retainstudents’attention.Annconcludesthatcomputeraidedteachingcan attractandmotivatestudentswhoweredroppingoutwhenmoretraditional methodswerebeingused.LetusnowturntotheInternet.This isaglobalnetworkconnectingmanylocalnetworks.OvertheInternethigh schoolstudentscanretrieveinformationanddatabasesfromeverynetworked libraryaroundtheworldinseconds.TheWorldWideWebprovidesaneasywayto accesshard-to-findinformation.Studentscannowreachanylibrarythroughthe globalnetworkandfindwhattheywant.Thefinalstepistodownloadthe scannedimage.Thoughtheslowtransmissionofsignalthroughthenetworkisa majorlimitingfactoritcanstillsaveusmuchtimeinfindinguseful informationandthusitisaninvaluabletooltobothhighschoolteachersand students.AccordingtothepassagethemajoradvantageoftheInternetis
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext aboutthefunctionsofadvertisment.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthe listA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph4145.Thereisoneextrabeadingwhich youdonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Advertisementsaddintereststolife[B]Advertisementshelptosave money[C]Criticismsonadvertisers[D]Usefulnessofsmall advertisements[E]Trueaestheticvalueofadvertisement[F]Informing: thechieffunctionofadvertising41______ Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realways cominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhavea flairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround. It’siniquitoustheysaythatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryffwe cancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoesto showhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystop advertisingandreducethepriceOftheirgoodsAfterailit’stheconsumer whopay...42______Thepooroldconsumer!He’d havetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsfor products.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoods aresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeof advertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.A greatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfrom theadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsor remindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwanted tobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetails regardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement. 43______Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverread advertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossible nottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Just thinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithout advertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaylaws whilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlyclosely-printedcolumns ofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessucha differencetoadrabwallornewspaperfullofthedailyrationof calamities.44______Wemustnotforgeteither thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissource ofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoyso manybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Just thinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice! 45______Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthesmall ads.whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendously usefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbe accomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyor sellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe hatchmatchanddispatchcolumns;butbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionis thepersonaloragonycolumn.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuch entertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthe bestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!
为什么下利气者当利其小便
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
趺蹶
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Untilthelate1940swhentelevision beganfindingitswayintoAmericanhomescompaniesreliedmainlyonprintand radiotopromotetheirproductsandservices.Theadventoftelevision 1arevolutioninproductandservice.Between1949and1951 advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonceagain 2promotion.Bygoingonlinecompaniescancommunicate instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.3onthe WorldWideWebincludesadvertisingsponsorshipsandsalespromotions 4sweepstakescontestscouponsandrebates.In1996 WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenues5$300 million.Effectiveonlinemarketersdon’t6 transferhard-copyadstocyberspace.7sites blendpromotionalandnon-promotionalinformationindirectlydeliveringthe advertisingmessages.To8visitstotheirsitesandto createand9customerloyaltycompanieschangeinformation frequentlyandprovidemanyopportunitiesfor10 .Aprototypeforexcellent11 promotionistheRaguWebsite.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-six pastarecipestakeItalianlessonsandviewanItalianfilmfestival 12theywillfindnotraditionalads.13 subtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthatvisitorshardlyknow anadvertisingmessagehasbeen14.SegaofAmericamaker ofcomputergamesandhardwareusesitsWebsitefora15 ofdifferentpromotionssuchas16newgame characterstothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunityto 17games.Sega’shomepageaverages250000visitsaday.To heighteninterestinthesiteSegaboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape 18increasingsitevisitsby15percent.Online19 inQuakerOats’GatoradepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchange foransweringafewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotion createdproduct20andhelpedthecompanyknowits customersbetter.
Text4 LASTmonthAmerica’sNationalLaw Journaltolditsreadersthatemploymentlawyersarewarninglovestruck co-workerstotakeprecautionsintheofficebeforelockinglipsoutside.The advicecametoolateforHarryStonecipher.ThebossofBoeingwasforcedto resignlastweekend—forreasonsthatwillstrikemanyoutsidersasabsurd—after hisboardweretoldofanaffairthatthe68-year-oldmarriedmanhadbeen conductingwithafemaleemployeewhodidnotreportdirectlyto himInevitablyastheweekrolledondetailsoftheaffair rolledout.Theotherpartywasre2portedtobeDebraPeabodywhoisunmarried andhasworkedforBoeingfor25years.Thecoupleweresaidtohavefirstgot togetheratBoeing’sannualretreatatPalmDesertCaliforniainJanuary.After thatmuchoftheaffairmusthavebeenconductedfromadistance:Mr. Stonecipher’sofficeisatBoeing’sheadquartersinChicago;MsPeabodyrunsthe firm’sgovernment-relationsofficeinWashingtonDC.Theyexchangede-mailsit seemsasofficeloverstendtodothesedaysandthereinprobablylayMr Stonecipher’sdownfallLewisPlattBoeing’schairmansaidthat MrStonecipherbrokeacompanyrulethatsays:Employeeswillnotengagein conductoractivitythatmayraisequestionsastothecompany’shonesty impartialityreputationorotherwisecauseembarrassmenttothecompany. Havinganaffairwithafellowemployeeisnotofitselfagainstcompany rules;causingembarrassmenttoBoeingis.Itseemsthattheboardjudgedthat thecontentsofthelovers’e-mailswouldhavebeenbadforBoeinghadtheybeen madepublic.Gonearethedayswhenaboardconsideredsuchmattersnoneofits businessasCitibank’sdidin1991whenitsbossJohnReedbecamethetalkof WailStreetforhavinganaffairwithastewardessonCiti’scorporate jet.AtBoeingawhistleblowerissaidtohaveforwardedthe messagestoMrPlatt.Ingenerale-mailsareencryptedandnotaccessibleto anyonewhodoesnotknowthesender’spassword.Butmanyfirmsinstall softwaredesignedtosearchelectroniccommunicationsforkeywordssuchas sexandCEO.Astudylastyearof840AmericanfirmsbytheAmerican ManagementAssociationfoundthat60%ofthemcheckexternale-mailsincoming andoutgoingwhile27%scrutinizeinternalmessagesbetweenemployees. Sweetnothingswhisperedbythewatercoolermaytravellessfarthesedaysthan electronicbilletsdoux.Boeingisparticularlysensitiveto embarrassmentatthemoment.Mr.Stonecipherwasrecalledfromretirementonly 15monthsagoafterthecompany’spreviousbossPhilConditanditschief financialofficerMichaelSearshadleftinthewakeofascandalinvolvingan illegaljoboffertoaPentagonofficial.MrStoneciphera crustyformernumbertwoatBoeingwasbroughtbackspecificallytoraisethe company’sethicalstandardsandtohelpitbeseeninitsmainandaffectedly puritanicalmarketinWashingtonDCassqueakyclean.Verbally explicitextra-maritalaffairsareinconsistentwithsuchastrategyitseems thoughtheyarenotyetenoughtobringdownfuturekingsofEngland. Incorporatelifesuchaffairsarehardlyunusual.Onesurveyfoundthat one-quarterofalllong-termrelationshipsstartatwork;anotherfoundthat over40%ofexecutivessaytheyhavebeeninvolvedinanaffairwitha colleagueandthatinhaftofthesecasesoneorotherpartywasmarriedatthe time.Manyabosshasmarriedhisassistantandlivedhappilyeverafter.Boeing apparentlyusedtoacceptthis:Mr.Condit’sfourthwifewasacolleaguebefore theymarried.Mr.Stonecipherhadtoleavehisjobbecause
大建中汤小建中汤有何异同
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号