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2005年5月10日，俄罗斯和欧盟领导人在莫斯科通过了有关建立俄欧统一空间“路线图”的一揽子文件。这个一揽子文件提出要建立的统一空间包括
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Text2 Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesa friendlypeople.Theirfriendshipshowevertendtobeshorterandmorecasual thanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.Itisnotuncommonfor Americanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlife-timeandconsider otherfriendstobejustsocialacquaintances.Thisattitudeprobablyhas somethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotlike tobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendtocompartmentalizefriendships havingfriendsatworkfriendsonthesoftballteamfamilyfriends etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesocietyfull ofmovementandchangepeoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighly chargedatmosphereAmericanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywant togettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse. Sometimesearlyontheywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelarevery personal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuine interestorcuriosityandtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter. Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehavioror youwanttoknowmoreaboutthemdonothesitatetoaskthemquestionsabout themselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountry oranythingAmericaninwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthat youmaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendto beuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalk abouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscoresforexamplethandealwith silence.Ontheotherhanddon’texpectAmericanstobe knowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairsunlessthose subjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnot surroundedbymanyothernationssomeAmericanstendtoignoretherestofthe world.Thegeneraltopicofthepassageis______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Text2 Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesa friendlypeople.Theirfriendshipshowevertendtobeshorterandmorecasual thanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.Itisnotuncommonfor Americanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlife-timeandconsider otherfriendstobejustsocialacquaintances.Thisattitudeprobablyhas somethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotlike tobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendtocompartmentalizefriendships havingfriendsatworkfriendsonthesoftballteamfamilyfriends etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesocietyfull ofmovementandchangepeoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighly chargedatmosphereAmericanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywant togettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse. Sometimesearlyontheywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelarevery personal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuine interestorcuriosityandtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter. Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehavioror youwanttoknowmoreaboutthemdonothesitatetoaskthemquestionsabout themselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountry oranythingAmericaninwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthat youmaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendto beuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalk abouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscoresforexamplethandealwith silence.Ontheotherhanddon’texpectAmericanstobe knowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairsunlessthose subjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnot surroundedbymanyothernationssomeAmericanstendtoignoretherestofthe world.ThephrasehighlychargedParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.
__在完整地准确地理解__思想一文中指出把列宁的建党学说发展得最完备的是__同志__同志对于建立一个什么样的党党的指导思想是什么党的作风是什么都有完整的一套请根据__这段科学论述分析说明新民主主义革命时期以__为代表的中国__人关于党的建设的基本经验及其现实意义
Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicurist isn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Most ofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomers suddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’magood economicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithout whenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanCleveland homeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingto abandonmetooshesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’s admissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshad alreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap outletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending. Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween ThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.But don’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednot panickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-term prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadful headlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholding steadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe $4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessays brokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenas frenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlyget twoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolks stillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepa job.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potential homebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tminda littlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeen influencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.Gettingatable atManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Not anymore.ForthatGreenspan＆Co.maystillbeworth toasting.Whycanmanypeopleseesilverliningstotheeconomicslowdown
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Formyproposedjourneythefirst prioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist. ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickup morethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmy Frenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingone ofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeak itwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.Itwasperhapsexpectingalittletoo muchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImight gainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswas enormouslypleasing.Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolin thecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceand explosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecial treatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.Whereuponhedrewfromhisdeska postcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEast expressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathe couldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheit himselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthe thinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowingin exasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:NonM.Jones.Janesuispas francais.PasPasPas!NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.I wasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterand lesspublicinapproach.Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwe wouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulous detailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelow andonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewall ofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestI hadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasis anxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthe sheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.I frequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthough AhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisI suspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhich notevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.Thereweremoreover vastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedin English.Andformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilatea vocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentially Arabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthe wordforpeopleforinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschool followedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewas reliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.Whenmerely gotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishly elated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithout apparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikean idiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwas somethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJune no-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.I wasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwitha modicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.Butthis wassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheit stillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMr Jones.Thewordmodicuminthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Text4 Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.As agraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960sIrememberexperiencingtheevents relatedtothePeople’sParkthatwereoccurringoncampus.Someoftheseevents weregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifoundit interestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptions obtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedon newscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothe distinctionsbetweentheserealities.Electronicmediaare havingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreand moreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephone communicationsarelinkingpeopletoaglobalvillageorwhatonewritercalls theelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyour homeeveryday.Consideralsothecontractyouhavewithotherssimplybyusing telephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedonliveaction suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionof totaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedan immediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributed worldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseeventstheydeveloped someperceptionoftheserealities.In1992manypeoplewatched inhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventwastriggeredby theverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepublic canhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgementsand mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhow thejurywasabletoacquitthepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsas theyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhave harmfulresultsasitseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFriday nightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleadingCanweallget alongBySaturdaytelevisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLos Angelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousands ofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthatmanymore peopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision. Therealhealingofcoursewilltakemuchlongerbutelectronicmediawill continuetobeapartofthatprocess.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Text4 Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.As agraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960sIrememberexperiencingtheevents relatedtothePeople’sParkthatwereoccurringoncampus.Someoftheseevents weregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifoundit interestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptions obtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedon newscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothe distinctionsbetweentheserealities.Electronicmediaare havingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreand moreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephone communicationsarelinkingpeopletoaglobalvillageorwhatonewritercalls theelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyour homeeveryday.Consideralsothecontractyouhavewithotherssimplybyusing telephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedonliveaction suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionof totaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedan immediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributed worldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseeventstheydeveloped someperceptionoftheserealities.In1992manypeoplewatched inhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventwastriggeredby theverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepublic canhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgementsand mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhow thejurywasabletoacquitthepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsas theyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhave harmfulresultsasitseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFriday nightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleadingCanweallget alongBySaturdaytelevisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLos Angelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousands ofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthatmanymore peopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision. Therealhealingofcoursewilltakemuchlongerbutelectronicmediawill continuetobeapartofthatprocess.Thetermelectroniccityinparagraph2refersto______.
20世纪初由资产阶级领导的爱国运动影响较大的有
Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicurist isn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Most ofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomers suddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I’magood economicindicatorshesays.Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithout whenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.SoSperoisdownscaling shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanCleveland homeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingto abandonmetooshesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’s admissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshad alreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGap outletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending. Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween ThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime. Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.But don’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednot panickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-term prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening. Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadful headlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholding steadyinmostregions.InManhattanthere’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe $4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonusessays brokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenas frenziedoverbiddingquiets.Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlyget twoorthreesaysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolks stillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepa job.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potential homebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tminda littlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeen influencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessary ingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.Gettingatable atManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Not anymore.ForthatGreenspan＆Co.maystillbeworth toasting.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Thepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcostthe Treasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineither increasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstoMedicareSocialSecurity environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica’smillionairesandbillionaireswhile hurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeetthepetitionsays. [B]About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitionto opposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxin his$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.NormallywhendozensofAmericansjoinin apoliticalcauseitisnotparticularlynoteworthybutinthiscasethe dozensinclude:GeorgeSorosabillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffettan investorlistedasAmerica’sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavid RockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.aSeattlelawyerandfatherof America’srichestmanMicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.[C] Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforopposition totheestate-taxrepeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat’sequallyemotional andfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.Theideathateveryonein Americahasanequalchancethatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsof birthisoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorerevered thaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionan expressionofmeritocracy.[D]BuffetttoldtheTimesthat repealingtheestatetaxwouldbeaterriblemistakeandtheequivalentof choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedal winnersinthe2000Olympics.[E]Anoldbrokeragecommercial says:Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit.Therewasa perfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:Hemadehismoneythe old-fashionedway:Heinheritedit.In20or50or100yearswhichofthese lineswillberightBuffettandSorosandfriendstotheircreditwantto helpmakethefirstonereal.Let’shopethisisonlyonestepinthat process.[F]ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSoros andanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositionto PresidentBush’sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassome emotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinesses fromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxesanditistruethatmostpeople havebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwould mainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofveryveryrich people.[G]Presidentwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trillion taxcutplandeliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.The proposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincomeeliminate theso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democrats complainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33percent—would disproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpected budgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnotto repealtheestatetaxTheNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Feb. 14Order:
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrust representsanearlyunlimitedenergysourcebutuntilrecentlycommercial retrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecovery systems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformof geysersandhotsprings.Inotherareashoweverhotrockalsoexistsnearthe surfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena. ThusapotentialhotdryrockHDRreservoirexistswhenevertheamountof spontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexisting commercialsystems.Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisisnew conceptsforcreatingHDErecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesand connectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeing developed.46InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHED’sreservoir artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeability orboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofa fluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.47TheHDRresource baseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃is atdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailable equipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnically feasibleprevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercial feasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas 100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating;howeverforproducingelectricity temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.Thegeothermal gradientwhichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreach adesiredtemperatureisamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermal resources.48Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoil andgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationof PetroleumGeologistssuggestthattapablehigh-temperaturegradientsare distributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.Therearemanyareashoweverfor whichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.Indications arethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.49Ifanaveragegeothermal temperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisusedastaggering 13000000quadrillionB.T.U’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontained incrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifwe conservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2perceptisrecoverablewefinda totalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoal remainingintheUnitedStates.50Theremainingproblemistobalancethe economicsofdeeperhottermorecostlywellsandshallowercoolerless expensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproductelectricityand/or heat.
大学生健康成长成就事业开创未来的精神支柱和前进动力的是
以下是一组关于科学技术作用的材料 材料1 以蒸汽机的发明应用为标志的技术革命和以电力技术为主导的第二次技术革新实现了人类基本生产手段由手工工具向机器系统的转变人类从此步入工业文明时代 ——摘自生态经济2001年第4期 材料2 建国以来我国取得了较快的经济增长速度但生态环境也遭到了有史以来最严重的破坏大量自然资源在涸泽而渔的行为中被耗竭如矿藏资源被严重浪费森林面积因过度砍伐而不断减少尤其是蓄积量不断减少导致森林质量下降在我国东部已几乎找不到一条未被污染的河流已几乎没有一个城市的空气质量达到国家标准这不仅导致生产成本不断提高而且威胁到人民群众身体健康环境的恶化与资源短缺已成为制约经济发展最主要的因素从而影响到中华民族的生存 ——摘自生态经济2001年第3期 材料3 20世纪90年代以来以信息技术革命为中心的高技术革命促进了绿色科技的发展而现代科技的绿色浪潮则使现代科技的基本职能和价值目标已由单纯开发利用自然向有效保护和大力建设自然转变因此人类文明已不能主要依靠深挖地球资源和牺牲生态环境来获取发展使人类迈进以智力资源和信息资源为主的生态文明时代这才是实现经济可持续发展的必由之路 ——摘自生态经济2001年第4期 请回答 1材料1说明了什么哲学原理 2请分析材料2所说明的问题 3从材料3中我们可以得出什么结论
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrust representsanearlyunlimitedenergysourcebutuntilrecentlycommercial retrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecovery systems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformof geysersandhotsprings.Inotherareashoweverhotrockalsoexistsnearthe surfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena. ThusapotentialhotdryrockHDRreservoirexistswhenevertheamountof spontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexisting commercialsystems.Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisisnew conceptsforcreatingHDErecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesand connectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeing developed.46InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHED’sreservoir artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeability orboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofa fluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.47TheHDRresource baseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃is atdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailable equipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnically feasibleprevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercial feasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas 100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating;howeverforproducingelectricity temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.Thegeothermal gradientwhichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreach adesiredtemperatureisamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermal resources.48Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoil andgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationof PetroleumGeologistssuggestthattapablehigh-temperaturegradientsare distributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.Therearemanyareashoweverfor whichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.Indications arethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.49Ifanaveragegeothermal temperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisusedastaggering 13000000quadrillionB.T.U’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontained incrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifwe conservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2perceptisrecoverablewefinda totalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoal remainingintheUnitedStates.50Theremainingproblemistobalancethe economicsofdeeperhottermorecostlywellsandshallowercoolerless expensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproductelectricityand/or heat.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Text2 Americansusuallyconsiderthemselvesa friendlypeople.Theirfriendshipshowevertendtobeshorterandmorecasual thanfriendshipsamongpeoplefromothercultures.Itisnotuncommonfor Americanstohaveonlyoneclosefriendduringtheirlife-timeandconsider otherfriendstobejustsocialacquaintances.Thisattitudeprobablyhas somethingtodowithAmericanmobilityandthefactthatAmericansdonotlike tobedependentonotherpeople.Theytendtocompartmentalizefriendships havingfriendsatworkfriendsonthesoftballteamfamilyfriends etc.BecausetheUnitedStatesisahighlyactivesocietyfull ofmovementandchangepeoplealwaysseemtobeonthego.Inthishighly chargedatmosphereAmericanscansometimesseembrusqueorimpatient.Theywant togettoknowyouasquicklyaspossibleandthenmoveontosomethingelse. Sometimesearlyontheywillaskyouquestionsthatyoumayfeelarevery personal.Noinsultisintended;thequestionsusuallygrowoutoftheirgenuine interestorcuriosityandtheirimpatiencetogettotheheartofthematter. Andthesamegoesforyou.IfyoudonotunderstandcertainAmericanbehavioror youwanttoknowmoreaboutthemdonothesitatetoaskthemquestionsabout themselves.Americansareusuallyeagertoexplainallabouttheircountry oranythingAmericaninwhichyoumaybeinterested.Somuchsoinfactthat youmaybecometiredoflistening.Itdoesn’tmatterbecauseAmericanstendto beuncomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversation.Theywouldrathertalk abouttheweatherorthelatestsportsscoresforexamplethandealwith silence.Ontheotherhanddon’texpectAmericanstobe knowledgeableaboutinternationalgeographyorworldaffairsunlessthose subjectsdirectlyinvolvetheUnitedStates.BecausetheUnitedStatesisnot surroundedbymanyothernationssomeAmericanstendtoignoretherestofthe world.AccordingtothepassageAmericanstendtoignoretherestoftheworldbecause______.
本题为选做题请在ⅠⅡ两道试题中选取其中一道作答若两题都回答只按第Ⅰ道试题的成绩计入总分 选做题Ⅰ 阅读下列关于中日关系和中日关系中的历史问题的材料 材料1 2006年10月18日____在人民大会堂会见日本首相安倍晋三时说双方须从战略高度和长远角度来审视和把握两国关系坚持和平共处世代友好互利合作共同发展的大目标坚定不移地推动中日关系长期健康稳定向前发展 ——摘自2006年10月18日新华网 材料2 ____指出历史问题牵动中国人民民族感情是事关中日关系政治基础的重大原则问题中日两国有着两千多年的友好交往史也有过50年不幸的历史日本军国主义者发动的侵华战争给中国人民带来深重灾难也使日本人民深受其害以史为鉴面向未来就是要汲取历史的教训开辟中日友好合作的新道路希望日方切实遵循中日三个政治文件的原则妥善处理历史问题维护和发展两国关系来之不易的改善势头 ——摘自2007年4月12日新华网 材料3 ____表示加强经济合作是构筑中日战略互惠关系的重要组成部分进一步完善两国经济合作机制从更宏观视野拓展和深化两国经济合作是形势发展的客观要求将对两国关系的发展产生积极影响 ——摘自2007年4月13日新华网 材料4 2007年4月11日中国____访问日本最大意义在于在北京和东京数年来的疏远和紧张关系之后访问终于成为现实两国政府的官员都强调了他们对营造融洽气氛的重视他们说亚洲两大经济体必须平稳互动如果双边关系受到猜疑和敌意的影响风险会很高 ——摘自2007年4月11日美国华盛顿邮报 材料5 未来五年中日关系看上去处于改善的趋势但是潜在的矛盾将会增加两国在东亚地区的地位变化将不可避免地带来两国关系的紧张 ——摘自2007年3月4日环球时报 根据上述材料请回答 1如何理解中日关系特点 2冷战后日本政治大国战略包括哪些内容 3如何看待中日关系中的历史问题 4中国政府关于中日友好和中日关系中历史问题的基本主张包括哪些方面 5__关于发展中日关系的四点建议包括哪些内容 材料2 在中国的政治经济现状之下在中国的无产阶级现状之下我们认定民主的革命固然是资产阶级的利益而于无产阶级也是有利益的因此我们__应该出来联合全国革命新党派组织民主的联合战线以扫清封建军阀推翻帝国主义的压迫建设真正民主政治的独立国家为职责 A先行邀请国民党及社会主义青年团在适宜地点开一代表会议互商如何邀其他各革命团体及如何进行 B运动倾向共产主义的议员在国会联络真正民主派的议员结合民主主义左派联盟 C在全国各城市集合工会农民团体商人团体职教员联合会学生会妇女参政同盟团体律师公会新闻记者团体等组织民主主义大同盟 ——摘自中国__第二次全体代表大会文件 材料3 二此时统治中国的是封建的军阀不是资产阶级军阀政府名为独立政府其实事事听命于国际帝国主义列强所以半殖民地的中国应该以国民革命运动为中心工作以解除内外压迫 三依中国社会的现状宜有一个势力集中的党为国民革命运动之大本营中国现有的党只有国民党比较是一个国民革命的党 五共产国际执行委员会议决定中国__必须与中国国民党合作__党员应加入国民党中国共产__执行委员会曾感此必要遵行此决议此次全国大会并通过此决议 八我们须努力扩大国民党的组织于全中国使全中国革命分子集中于国民党以应目前中国国民革命之需要 ——摘自中国__第三次全国代表大会文件 请回答 1根据材料1说明中国__对统一战线持什么样的态度 2根据材料23说明中国__对统一战线的认识有何变化 3简要分析统一战线方针确立的意义
Text4 Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.As agraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960sIrememberexperiencingtheevents relatedtothePeople’sParkthatwereoccurringoncampus.Someoftheseevents weregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifoundit interestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptions obtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedon newscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothe distinctionsbetweentheserealities.Electronicmediaare havingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreand moreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephone communicationsarelinkingpeopletoaglobalvillageorwhatonewritercalls theelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyour homeeveryday.Consideralsothecontractyouhavewithotherssimplybyusing telephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedonliveaction suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionof totaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedan immediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributed worldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseeventstheydeveloped someperceptionoftheserealities.In1992manypeoplewatched inhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventwastriggeredby theverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepublic canhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgementsand mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideoofthisbeatingcouldnotunderstandhow thejurywasabletoacquitthepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsas theyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhave harmfulresultsasitseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFriday nightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleadingCanweallget alongBySaturdaytelevisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLos Angelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousands ofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthatmanymore peopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision. Therealhealingofcoursewilltakemuchlongerbutelectronicmediawill continuetobeapartofthatprocess.Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregivenina wrongorderforQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphs intoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumbered box.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.Mark youranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Thepetitionersarguethatrepealingthetaxwillcostthe Treasurybillionsofdollarsinlostrevenuesandwillresultineither increasedtaxesinthelongrunorcutstoMedicareSocialSecurity environmentalprotectionandothergovernmentprograms.Repealingthelevy wouldenrichtheheirsofAmerica’smillionairesandbillionaireswhile hurtingfamilieswhostruggletomakeendsmeetthepetitionsays. [B]About120wealthyAmericanshadsignedorsupportedapetitionto opposephasingoutthetax.PresidentBushhasincludedtherepealofthetaxin his$1.6trilliontax-cutproposal.NormallywhendozensofAmericansjoinin apoliticalcauseitisnotparticularlynoteworthybutinthiscasethe dozensinclude:GeorgeSorosabillionairefinancier;WarrenBuffettan investorlistedasAmerica’sfourth-richestperson;thephilanthropistDavid RockefellerJr.;andWilliamGatesSr.aSeattlelawyerandfatherof America’srichestmanMicrosoftCorp.ChairmanBillGates.[C] Buffettandcompanycitethesefactorsintheirpetitioncallingforopposition totheestate-taxrepeal.Theyalsodiscusssomethingthat’sequallyemotional andfarmorecomplex:theprincipleofmeritocracy.Theideathateveryonein Americahasanequalchancethatourfatesarenotdeterminedbyaccidentsof birthisoneofourcorevalues.Andnowhereisthisprinciplemorerevered thaninthetechnologyeconomy;entrepreneurshipisalmostbydefinitionan expressionofmeritocracy.[D]BuffetttoldtheTimesthat repealingtheestatetaxwouldbeaterriblemistakeandtheequivalentof choosingthe2020Olympicteambypickingtheeldestsonsofthegoldmedal winnersinthe2000Olympics.[E]Anoldbrokeragecommercial says:Hemadehismoneytheold-fashionedway:Heearnedit.Therewasa perfectparodyoftheadinwhichthelineread:Hemadehismoneythe old-fashionedway:Heinheritedit.In20or50or100yearswhichofthese lineswillberightBuffettandSorosandfriendstotheircreditwantto helpmakethefirstonereal.Let’shopethisisonlyonestepinthat process.[F]ItwasrefreshingtoseeBuffettandGeorgeSoros andanumberofotherextremelywealthyluminariesstandupinoppositionto PresidentBush’sproposedrepealoftheestatetax.Whilethepolicyhassome emotionalattractions—itwouldprotecttheinheritorsofsomesmallbusinesses fromhavingtosellthecompaniestopaytaxesanditistruethatmostpeople havebeentaxedontheirsavingsoncealready—inpracticethetaxrepealwould mainlybeawindfallforaverysmallnumberofveryveryrich people.[G]Presidentwillmakehiscaseforhis$1.6trillion taxcutplandeliveringaspeechatacommunitycenterinSt.Louis.The proposalwouldslashfederaltaxratesacrossalllevelsofincomeeliminate theso-calledmarriagepenaltyandphaseoutestatetaxes.Democrats complainthattheplan—whichwouldcutthetopratefrom39to33percent—would disproportionatelybenefitthewealthyandunnecessarilysquanderexpected budgetsurpluses.SomeoftherichestAmericansareurgingCongressnotto repealtheestatetaxTheNewYorkTimesreportedonWednesday.Feb. 14Order:
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrust representsanearlyunlimitedenergysourcebutuntilrecentlycommercial retrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecovery systems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity wherehighratesofheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformof geysersandhotsprings.Inotherareashoweverhotrockalsoexistsnearthe surfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceeruptivephenomena. ThusapotentialhotdryrockHDRreservoirexistswhenevertheamountof spontaneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexisting commercialsystems.Asaresultoftherecentenergycrisisnew conceptsforcreatingHDErecoverysystems—whichinvolvedrillingholesand connectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebeing developed.46InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHED’sreservoir artificialstimulationwillberequiredtocreateeithersufficientpermeability orboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycirculationofa fluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.47TheHDRresource baseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150℃is atdepthslessthantenkilometersandcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailable equipment.Althoughwellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnically feasibleprevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslydeterminethecommercial feasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas 100℃maybeusefulforspaceheating;howeverforproducingelectricity temperaturesgreaterthan200℃aredesirable.Thegeothermal gradientwhichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreach adesiredtemperatureisamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermal resources.48Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoil andgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationof PetroleumGeologistssuggestthattapablehigh-temperaturegradientsare distributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.Therearemanyareashoweverfor whichnotemperaturegradientrecordsexist.Indications arethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.49Ifanaveragegeothermal temperaturegradientof22℃perkilometerofdepthisusedastaggering 13000000quadrillionB.T.U’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontained incrustalrocktoatenkilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.Ifwe conservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2perceptisrecoverablewefinda totalthatiscomparabletotheestimatedresourcebaseofallthecoal remainingintheUnitedStates.50Theremainingproblemistobalancethe economicsofdeeperhottermorecostlywellsandshallowercoolerless expensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproductelectricityand/or heat.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood insteadofeatingitrawlivedsolongagothatwehavenoideawhohewasor wherehelived.Wedoknowhoweverthat1thousandsof yearsfoodwasalwayseatencoldand2.Perhapsthecooked foodwasheatedaccidentallybya3fireorbythemelted lavafromanerupting4.Whenpeoplefirsttastedfood thathadbeencookedtheyfoundittastedbetter.However5 afterthisdiscovercookedfoodmusthaveremainedararity 6manlearnedhowtomakeandlight7 .Primitivemenwholivedinhotregionscoulddepend ontheheatofthesun8theirfood.Forexampleinthe desert9ofthesouthwestern.UnitedStatestheIndians cookedtheirfoodby10itonaflat11 inthehotsun.Theycookedpieceofmeatandthincakesofcommeal inthis12.Wesurmisethattheearliestkitchen 13wasstick14whichapieceofmeat couldbeattachedandheldoverafire.Laterthisstickwas15 byanironrodorspitwhichcouldbeturnedfrequentlytocookthe meat16allsides.Cookingfoodinwater was17beforemanlearnedtomakewatercontainersthat couldnotbe18byfire.The19 cookingpotswerereedorgrassbasketsinwhichsoupsandstews couldbecooked.Asearlyas166B.CtheEgyptianshadlearnedtomake 20permanentcookingpotsoutofsandstone.Manyyearslater theEskimoslearnedtomakesimilarpans.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Formyproposedjourneythefirst prioritywasclearlytostartlearningArabic.Ihaveneverbeenalinguist. ThoughIhadtraveledwidelyasajournalistIhadnevermanagedtopickup morethanasmatteringofphrasesinanytongueotherthanFrenchandevenmy Frenchwaslaboriousforwantoflengthypractice.Theprospectoftacklingone ofthenotoriouslydifficultlanguagesattheageoffortyandtryingtospeak itwellbothdeterredandexcitedme.Itwasperhapsexpectingalittletoo muchofacuriouslyunreceptivepartofmyselfyetthepossibilitythatImight gainaccesstoacompletelyaliencultureandtraditionbythismeanswas enormouslypleasing.Ienrolledasapupilinasmallschoolin thecenterofthecity.ItwasrunbyaMrBeheitofdapperappearanceand explosivetemperamentwhoassuredmethatafterthreemonthsofhisspecial treatmentIwouldspeakArabicfluently.Whereuponhedrewfromhisdeska postcardwhichanoldpupilhadsenthimfromsomewhereintheMiddleEast expressinggreatgratitudeandreportingtheastonishmentoflocalArabsthathe couldconversewiththemlikeanative.ItwaswritteninEnglish.MrBeheit himselfspentmostofhistimecoachingbusinessmeninFrenchandthroughthe thinpartitionedwallsofhisschoolonecouldhearhimbellowingin exasperationatsomeconfusedentrepreneur:NonM.Jones.Janesuispas francais.PasPasPas!NoMr.JonesI’mNOTFrenchI’mnotnotNOT!.I wasgratifiedthatmyowntutorwhosenamewasAhmedwasinfinitelysofterand lesspublicinapproach.Foracoupleofhourseverymorningwe wouldfaceeachotheracrossasmalltablewhilewediscussedinmeticulous detailthecolourschemeofthetinycubicletheeventsinthestreetbelow andonceaweekthehair-raisingprogressofawindow-cleaneracrossthewall ofthebuildingopposite.InbetweenhearinginmindtheparticularinterestI hadinacquiringArabicIwouldinquirethewaytosomeimaginaryoasis anxiouslydemandfodderandwaterformycamelswonderpolitelywhetherthe sheikhwaspreparedtograntmeaudiencenow.Itwasallhardgoing.I frequentlydespairedofeverbecominganythinglikeafluentspeakerthough AhmedassuredmethatmypronunciationwasaboveaverageforaWestemer.ThisI suspectedwaspartlyflatteryforthereareacoupleofArabicsoundswhich notevenagiftformimicryallowedmetograspforages.Thereweremoreover vastdistinctionsofmeaningconveyedbysubtlesoundshiftsrarelyemployedin English.Andformetheproblemwasincreasedbytheneedtoassimilatea vocabularythatwouldvaryfromplacetoplaceacrossfiveessentially Arabic-speakingcountriesthatpracticedvernacularsoftheirown:sothatthe wordforpeopleforinstancemightbenaissah’aborsooken. EachdayIwasmentallyexhaustedbythestrainofamorninginschool followedbyanafternoonstrugglingathomewithataperecorder.Yettherewas reliefinthemostelementaryformsofunderstandingandprogress.Whenmerely gotthedriftofatorrentwhichAhmedhadjustreleasedIwaschildishly elated.WhenImanagedtorollacompletesentenceoffmytonguewithout apparentlythinkingwhatIwassayinganditcameoutrightIbeamedlikean idiot.AndtheenjoymentofreadingandwritingtheflowingArabicscriptwas somethingthatdidnotleavemeonceIhadmasteredit.BytheendofJune no-onecouldhavedescribedmeasanythinglikeafluentspeakerofArabic.I wasapproximatelyinthepositionofafifteen-yearoldwhoequippedwitha modicumofschoolroomFrenchnervouslyawaitshisfirsttriptoParis.Butthis wassomethingIcouldreproveuponinmyowntime.IbadefarewelltoMrBeheit stillstrugglingtodrivetheFrenchnegativeintothestillconfusedmindofMr Jones.Itisknownfrom’thepassagethatthewriter______.
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