首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
Animal studies are under way, human trial protocols are taking shape and drug makers are on alert. A...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单选集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
Alargeproportionofthestudiesofbehaviorusedanimalsa
It’scertainthatweare_________tohavingacleanandbeau
under way; on the way
in the way; on the way
on the way; by the way
on the way; under way
Alargeproportionofthestudiesofbehaviorusedanima
It'scertainthatweare________tohavingacleanandbeaut
under way; on the way
in the way; on the way
on the way; by the way
on the way; under way
Alargeproportionofthestudiesofbehaviorusedanimalsa
热门试题
更多
Traditionallythewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriagepartnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowashstitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewomanwhichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseesofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdailyyear-longcohabitation.46Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterestsandfriendshipaswellasmutuallysharedonesiftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities. 47Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests--beingamusingdiscussingwithpassionandpoint--andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Asinallfriendshipahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachotherandtospendsufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogive-themcontinuingcommoninterests48Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh. 49Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomenhomerepresentschoreobligationsbecausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipateinhouseholdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmenhomerepresentsdullnessandcomplaints--fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnotgathercouragetomaketheirownlife. Insuchanatmospherethepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapartbothloveandlikingdisappearing.50Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommandalltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingandfriendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles. 50
Itistrueasthemovementcriticsassertthatthepresentwomen’sliberationgroupsarealmostentirelybasedamongmiddleclasswomenthatiscollegeandcareerwomen;andtheissuesofpsychologicalandsexualexploitationandtoalesserextentexploitationthroughconsumptionhavebeenthemostprominentones.Itisnotsurprisingthatthewomen’sliberationmovementshouldbeginamongbourgeoiswomenandshouldbedominatedinthebeginningbytheirconsciousnessandtheirparticularconcerns.Radicalwomenaregenerallythepostwarmiddleclassgenerationthatgrewupwiththerighttovotethechanceathighereducationandtrainingforsupportiverolesintheprofessionsandbusiness.Mostofthemareyoungandsophisticatedenoughtohavenotyethadchildrenanddonothavetomarrytosupportthemselves.Incomparisonwithmostwomentheyarecapableofacertainamountofcontrolovertheirlives.Thehigherdevelopmentofbourgeoisdemocraticsocietyallowsthewomenwhobenefitfromeducationandrelativeequalitytoseethecontradictionsbetweenitsrhetoriceverychildcanbecomepresidentandtheiractualplaceinthatsociety.Theworkingclasswomanmightbelievethateducationcouldhavemadeherfinanciallyindependentbuttheeducatedcareerwomanfindsthatmoneyhasnotmadeherindependent.Infactbecauseshehasbeenallowedtoprogresshalfwayontheupward-mobilityladdershecanseetherestofthedistancethatisdeniedheronlybecausesheisawoman.Shecanseethesimilaritybetweenheroppressionandthatofothersectionsofthepopulation.Thusfromtheirownexperienceradicalwomeninthemovementareawareofmorefaultsinthesocietythanracismandimperialism.Becausetheyhavepushedthedemocraticmythtoitslimitstheyknowconcretelyhowitlimitsthem.AtthesametimethatradicalwomenwerelearningaboutAmericansocietytheywerealsobecomingawareofthemalechauvinisminthemovement.Infactthatisusuallythecauseoftheirfirstconscious100verbalizationoftheprejudicetheyfeel;itismoredisillusioningtoknowthatthesamecontradictionexistsbetweenthemovement’srhetoricofequalityanditsrealityforweexpectmoreofourcomrades.Thisrealizationofthedeep-seatedprejudiceagainstthemselvesinthemovementproducestwocommonreactionsamongitswomen:1apreoccupationwiththisimmediatebarrierandperhapsaresultanthopelessnessand2atendencytoretreatinwardtobuythefool’sgoldofcreatingapersonallyliberatedlifestyle.Howeverourconceptofliberationrepresentsaconsciousnessthatconditionshaveforcedonuswhilemostofoursistersarechainedbyotherconditionsbiologicalandeconomicthatoverwhelmtheirhumanityanddesiresforself-fulfillment.Ourbackgroundaccountsforourignoranceaboutthestarkoppressionofwomen’sdailylives.Theauthorimpliesinthelastparagraphthat
Scientistshaveforthefirsttimeusedcloningtocreatehumanembryosthatlivelongenoughinalaboratorydishtohavetheirstemcellsharvested.Thefeatcouldsetthestageforphysicianstoproducecellsandtissuestailoredtoapatient’sgeneticidentitythatcantreatawidevarietyofhumanillnesses.Theaccomplishmentalsoprovidesaroadmapforhowtocloneapersonanevenmoredivisiveundertaking.ThenewworkperformedinSouthKorearepresentsamajoradvanceinstemcellresearch.ItcouldhelpspuramedicalrevolutionasimportantasantibioticsandvaccinessaysRobertLanzaofAdvancedCellTechnologyACTacompanyinWorcesterMass.that’salsoinvestigatingthepromisingstemcellstrategycalledtherapeuticcloning.HowevernowthatthemethodologyispubliclyavailableLanzaaddsIthinkitisabsolutelyimperativethatwepasslawsworldwidetopreventthetechnologyfrombeingabusedforreproductive-cloningpurposes.Whilesomefertilitydoctorsandareligiousculthaveclaimedsuccessatcreatingapregnancyviacloningthey’veofferednoconvincingproof.IncontrasttheSouthKoreanresearchisbeingreportedatthemeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinSeattleandwillappearinanupcomingScience.ThisisrealitysaysstemcellresearcherJohnGearhartofJohnsHopkinsUniversity.He4’eisabonafiderefereedjournalsayingthatahumanembryohasbeenclonedandacelllinederivedfromit.AlthoughACThasnotyetpublishedareportofaclonedhumanblastocystLanzasaysthattheSouthKoreansuccessisconsistentwithourownresults.TherapeuticcloningappealstoLanzaandphysiciansbecausecellsmadethiswaycouldhavethesameDNAasapatient’scellsdoandthusavoidrejectionafterthey’retransplanted.Seekingacompromisethatwouldpermitthisstrategytobepursuedmanyscientistshavecalledforlegislationthatwouldbancloningtoproduceababybutallowthecreationofclonedembryostogeneratestemcellsforresearchortherapies.Thedebatehasbeenverypolarizednotesbio-ethicistLaurieZolothofNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathumancloning
Noblueprintexistsfortransforminganeconomyfromonewithagreatdealofgovernmentcontroltoonebasedalmostsolelyonfreemarketprinciples.YettheexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince1979clearlyshowsoneapproachthatworks:privatizationinwhichunder-performingstate-ownedaresoldtoprivatecompanies.By1979thetotalamountofdebtliabilitiesandlossesforstate-controlledenterprisesintheUKtopped3billionannually.Bysellingoffmanyofthesecompaniesparticularlythoseinthedepressedindustrialsectorthegovernmentdecreaseditsdebtburdenandceasedpumpingpublicfundsintomoneylosingenterprises.AccordingtogovernmentspokespersonAlistairMcBrideFarfrompastpracticeofthrowinggoodmoneyafterbadtheQueen’sgovernmentthisyearexpectstotakein34billionfromtheproceedsofthesale.Thatsaysomeanalystsmayonlybethebeginning.Privatizationhasnotonlybeencreditedwithrescuingwholeindustriesbutthenation’seconomytoboot.DuetoincreasedtaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatizedcompaniesalongwithareboundintheoveralleconomyeconomicforecasterspredictthatBritainwillbeabletorepaynearly12.5%ofthenetnationaldebtwithintwoyears.Thatisgoodnewsindeedfortheeconomyasawholeatatimewhenmanysectorsaredesperateforanyrayofsunshine.BritishAirwaysthisweekannounceda20%jumpinoverallticketsalesandprofitsoverthisquarterayearago.BritishGasannounceditsfirstprofitablequarterinnineyears.AtAssociatedBritishPortsanewlaborcontractwasfinalizedthefirstunioncontractsignedattheportwithoutaworkstoppageintwelveyears.ClosertohomeformostBritonsthenation’sphoneserviceBritishTelecomnolongerputsnewsubscribersonawaitinglist.Priortoprivatizationnewcustomerswouldsometimeshavetowaitmonthsbeforephoneservicecouldbeinstalledintheirhome.NowaccordingtoacompanypressreleaseBritishTelecomispromising24-hourturnaroundforallnewcustomers.Partofthisimprovedproductivityhastodowithneweffortstoallowemployeestoholdastakeinthecompany’sfuture.Companiesnowgivetheiremployeesstockoptionsthatallowemployeestoshareinthecompany’ssuccessandprofits.Theresponsehasbeenenthusiastictosaytheleast.AtBritishAerospace;89%ofthoseeligibletobuycompanysharesdidso.AtBritishTelecomnearly92%ofeligibleemployeestookpart.FinallyatAssociatedBritishPortslongsynonymouswithuniondisagreementswalkoutsandlaborstrifealmost90%ofemployeesnowcancallthemselvesownersofthecompany.WhenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomethingsaidHenryDundeeofAssociatedBritishPortstheythinkaboutittheycareabouttheyworktomakeitprosper.AttheNationalFreightConsortiumitselfnostrangertolaborproblemsthenewemployee-ownersactuallyvoteddownanemployeepay-increaseandpressuredunionrepresentativestorelaxdemandsforincreasedwagesandexpandedbenefits.Privatizationwasonlythestartsaysonemarketanalystwhatwemayhavehereisanewindustrialrevolution./Bysellingoffstate-ownedenterprisesthegovernmentwillbeabletodothefollowingEXCEPT
Idon’tknowifthere’ssomethinginthewaterbutmytownhasexplodedwithtonsofsinglepeople!JustlastyearpracticallytheonlyeligiblesIknewweremydivorcedfriendPattimybudFulgenciohubbyRick’sbarflypatCraigandJimmythepizzadeliveryguy.ButnowIfind-outthatmycousinMichelleisleavinghersecondhusbandandarecentchit-chatwithmybuilding’smanagerSandyrevealedthatshehasn’thadaseriousrelationshipinalmostfiveyears!BesidesthatatleastfivesuspectedsingletonshavemovedintomybuildingsinceJune.Five!Foranincurableromanticlikemethisisheartbreaking.Peoplearemeanttohavesweeties!Ifeelsosorryforsinglepeople.HowcantheybeargoingthroughlifealoneIknowalotofthemputup.thatindependentfrontorusethatI’mjustwaitingfortherightpersondefensebutthey’rekiddingthemselves.WhywouldanyoneturnuphernoseattheprospectofabeautifulweddingagorgeousbridalgownandastunningrockonherfingerShewouldn’t.WhywouldanyoneshakeastickatawarmdinnereverynightacomfortablehomeandabeautifulbrideItjustisn’trational.AndIdon’tliketobeharshbutfranklyit’sdepressingtoseesinglesoutinpublic.WhenIseeagirlshoppingforgroceriesbyherselforasolitaryguyreadingwhilehewaitsforabusIcan’thelpbutsensethehollownessthatsinglepersonfeelsinside.I’mpartiallypsychicsoI’mawareofotherpeople’sinnerfeelings.WellthisValentine’sDayI’mnotgoingtobeselfish.Peoplelikemepeopleinsuccessfullastingrelationshipsareduty-boundtosharetheirromanticwisdomwiththelessfortunate.Grantedit’sbeenawhilesinceI’vebeenonthedatingScenesomychopsareabitrusty.InfacthubbyRickisjustabouttheonlyguyI’veeverdatedUnlessyoucountmypickfortheSadieHawkinsdanceinseventhgradeJordyDeVoewhoditchedmeafterabout15minutes.OrthisOrientalkidnamedThantwhowrappedlovenotesaroundlunchroomcookiesandslippedthemintomylockerinninthgrade.ButRickandIhavebeenmarriednearly20yearssoImustbedoingsomethingright.DrythosetearsSingletons!Pullyour-selvestogetherandlistentoWifeyJean.IfyoufollowmyadviceI’llbetyoudollarstodonutsthatyou’llfindyourPrinceCharmingorPrincessEnchantinginnotime!Whydoestheauthorwanttoshareherromanticwisdomwiththesingletons
Directions:Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandwriteanessay.Youressaymustmeetthefollowingrequirements: 1Describethetable; 2Explainthepossiblecauses; 3Yoursuggestions. Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points EconomicalandSocialIndicatorsforCountryAandCountryBin1995
Scientistshaveforthefirsttimeusedcloningtocreatehumanembryosthatlivelongenoughinalaboratorydishtohavetheirstemcellsharvested.Thefeatcouldsetthestageforphysicianstoproducecellsandtissuestailoredtoapatient’sgeneticidentitythatcantreatawidevarietyofhumanillnesses.Theaccomplishmentalsoprovidesaroadmapforhowtocloneapersonanevenmoredivisiveundertaking.ThenewworkperformedinSouthKorearepresentsamajoradvanceinstemcellresearch.ItcouldhelpspuramedicalrevolutionasimportantasantibioticsandvaccinessaysRobertLanzaofAdvancedCellTechnologyACTacompanyinWorcesterMass.that’salsoinvestigatingthepromisingstemcellstrategycalledtherapeuticcloning.HowevernowthatthemethodologyispubliclyavailableLanzaaddsIthinkitisabsolutelyimperativethatwepasslawsworldwidetopreventthetechnologyfrombeingabusedforreproductive-cloningpurposes.Whilesomefertilitydoctorsandareligiousculthaveclaimedsuccessatcreatingapregnancyviacloningthey’veofferednoconvincingproof.IncontrasttheSouthKoreanresearchisbeingreportedatthemeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinSeattleandwillappearinanupcomingScience.ThisisrealitysaysstemcellresearcherJohnGearhartofJohnsHopkinsUniversity.He4’eisabonafiderefereedjournalsayingthatahumanembryohasbeenclonedandacelllinederivedfromit.AlthoughACThasnotyetpublishedareportofaclonedhumanblastocystLanzasaysthattheSouthKoreansuccessisconsistentwithourownresults.TherapeuticcloningappealstoLanzaandphysiciansbecausecellsmadethiswaycouldhavethesameDNAasapatient’scellsdoandthusavoidrejectionafterthey’retransplanted.Seekingacompromisethatwouldpermitthisstrategytobepursuedmanyscientistshavecalledforlegislationthatwouldbancloningtoproduceababybutallowthecreationofclonedembryostogeneratestemcellsforresearchortherapies.Thedebatehasbeenverypolarizednotesbio-ethicistLaurieZolothofNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston.Thecompromiseinthelastparagraphprobablyreferstothepracticeof
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points20
Sincetheindustrialrevolutiongovernmentsocietyandindustryhaveattemptedtochanneltechnologicalprogressinusefuldirections.WhetheritistheprintingpressthecottongintheautomobileortheInternettechnologicalinnovationsoftenhaveprofoundeconomicandsocialeffects.Toharnessthebenefitsandminimizethemoreharmfuleffectsofnewtechnologiesmoderngovernmentsusefourbasicapproaches:specificdirectionmarketincentivescriminalprohibitionandbehaviormodification.SpecificdirectionstartswithgovernmentsidentifyingoneormorekeyfactorsintheR&Dphase.Thenusingavarietyofmeansrangingfromadministrativeregulationtooutrightstateownershipthegovernmentseekstocontroltheimplementationofthetechnology.Marketincentivesarethedeliberatemanipulationofthemarketbythegovernmenttocontrolhowaparticularlytechnologyisdistributedandused.Forexamplesomegovernmentsimposetaxestocoverthehiddencostsassociatedwiththeuseofaparticulartechnology.Forexampleraisinggasolinetaxestopayforhighwayimprovements.Othermethodsincludethegrantingofsubsidiestoprivateresearchersorthestrengtheningofintellectualpropertylawstogiveaddedincentivestodevelopers.Criminalprohibitionusuallytakesplacewhenstrongoppositionexiststoaparticulartechnologyorfieldofresearch.Inrecentyearsmostdevelopedcountrieshaveenactedlegislationtobanthecloningofhumanbeings.Otherexamplesaretheenforcementofcleanairregulationsthatforcepowerplantstoemitfewergreenhousegasses.Finallybehaviormodificationincludestheuseofthemediaadvertisingandgovernmentandcorporateleadershiptoencourageaparticularsocietytouseatechnologyinabeneficialway.ForexamplewhilethereislimitedgovernmentregulationoftheInternetwebsitesareencouragedtoinstallsafeguardstopreventchildrenfromviewinginappropriatematerial.ArecentnationaladvertisingcampaignrecentlyboostedthepercentageofNewYorkresidentswhorecycledbyalmost25%.Suchcampaignsdonotusedirectgovernmentregulationbutinsteadappealtotheuser’ssenseofcivicdutyorsocialresponsibility.OfallnewtechnologiesperhapsnonehaschangedthelandscapeandcharacterofAmericanlifemorethantheautomobile.YetthecostsofthistechnologyarenotalwaysreflectedinthepriceofUsingthetechnology.Forexampleitcostsanoilcompany$0.89pergallonofgasproduced.ThissameliterissoldtoU.S.consumersatabout$1.20pergallon.Yetwhilethispricereflectsthecostofproductionplusaprofitfortheoilcompanyitdoesnotreflecttheactualcostofusingthetechnology.Forthatwemustfactorintheenvironmentalcostsassociatedwithairpollutionincreasedhealthcareenvironmentaldegradationandthepoliticalcostsdependenceonforeignoilenergyshortages.Inshortinordertobeeffectiveallofthesestrategiesforchannelingtechnologytobenefitsocietymustincorporateallthecostsassociatedwithusage.Behaviormodificationisdifferentfromtheotherthreemeasuresinthat
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points16
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points4
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points12
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points18
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points8
LongbeforeManlivedontheEarththerewerefishesreptilesbirdsinsectsandsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtodayothersarenowextinctthatistheyhavenodescendantsalivenow.41.Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskinsothatapartfromcolorwecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginallandoftenoftheplantsthatgrewonitandevenofitsclimate.42Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateractionandmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammalsbirdsandinsectsofwhichweknownothing.43.Therewerealsocrablikecreatureswhosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegsonepairforwalkingonthesandybottomtheotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyesoftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.44.Ofthesetheammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychamberseachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.45.About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydevelopedandwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinctwereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings. [A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown [B]Neverthelessweknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshapehowtheywalkedthekindoffoodtheyate. [C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishesfirstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibianstheanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwaterappeared.Theyweregiantsometimes8feetlongandmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseamorlayerorformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonlandintheseaandintheair. [D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreature.Thereanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld. [E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformaaremorecomplexandamongthesearethesea-liliesrelationsofthestar-fisheswhichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabedortorocks. [F]Whenananimaldiesthebodyitsbonesorshellmayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved. [G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbymineralsdissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpressionorsimplyreducedtoamorestableform. 44
GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonizeovergenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.Thegreatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembeforehim.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknownworldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordforwhatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhisdeathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershaveimprovedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesameanimalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemaytalkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwegorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.CanweabandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatusseekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureofthemalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemandregulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthisrelentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthesamepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Malecompetitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’subiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshaveanextraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.CoincidenceEvolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentiallyaracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferentstrategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymoretogainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextramates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemorethanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmalescanprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthatdynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingoverstatus.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspasseddown.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.Asmonogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpowerhasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstillenjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisnomystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearningcapacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyinaRolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmosteverytime.WhyadoughybaldguyinablueblazerandaRolexwilloutscoreahandsomeyoungmaninaBurgerKinguniform
Sincetheindustrialrevolutiongovernmentsocietyandindustryhaveattemptedtochanneltechnologicalprogressinusefuldirections.WhetheritistheprintingpressthecottongintheautomobileortheInternettechnologicalinnovationsoftenhaveprofoundeconomicandsocialeffects.Toharnessthebenefitsandminimizethemoreharmfuleffectsofnewtechnologiesmoderngovernmentsusefourbasicapproaches:specificdirectionmarketincentivescriminalprohibitionandbehaviormodification.SpecificdirectionstartswithgovernmentsidentifyingoneormorekeyfactorsintheR&Dphase.Thenusingavarietyofmeansrangingfromadministrativeregulationtooutrightstateownershipthegovernmentseekstocontroltheimplementationofthetechnology.Marketincentivesarethedeliberatemanipulationofthemarketbythegovernmenttocontrolhowaparticularlytechnologyisdistributedandused.Forexamplesomegovernmentsimposetaxestocoverthehiddencostsassociatedwiththeuseofaparticulartechnology.Forexampleraisinggasolinetaxestopayforhighwayimprovements.Othermethodsincludethegrantingofsubsidiestoprivateresearchersorthestrengtheningofintellectualpropertylawstogiveaddedincentivestodevelopers.Criminalprohibitionusuallytakesplacewhenstrongoppositionexiststoaparticulartechnologyorfieldofresearch.Inrecentyearsmostdevelopedcountrieshaveenactedlegislationtobanthecloningofhumanbeings.Otherexamplesaretheenforcementofcleanairregulationsthatforcepowerplantstoemitfewergreenhousegasses.Finallybehaviormodificationincludestheuseofthemediaadvertisingandgovernmentandcorporateleadershiptoencourageaparticularsocietytouseatechnologyinabeneficialway.ForexamplewhilethereislimitedgovernmentregulationoftheInternetwebsitesareencouragedtoinstallsafeguardstopreventchildrenfromviewinginappropriatematerial.ArecentnationaladvertisingcampaignrecentlyboostedthepercentageofNewYorkresidentswhorecycledbyalmost25%.Suchcampaignsdonotusedirectgovernmentregulationbutinsteadappealtotheuser’ssenseofcivicdutyorsocialresponsibility.OfallnewtechnologiesperhapsnonehaschangedthelandscapeandcharacterofAmericanlifemorethantheautomobile.YetthecostsofthistechnologyarenotalwaysreflectedinthepriceofUsingthetechnology.Forexampleitcostsanoilcompany$0.89pergallonofgasproduced.ThissameliterissoldtoU.S.consumersatabout$1.20pergallon.Yetwhilethispricereflectsthecostofproductionplusaprofitfortheoilcompanyitdoesnotreflecttheactualcostofusingthetechnology.Forthatwemustfactorintheenvironmentalcostsassociatedwithairpollutionincreasedhealthcareenvironmentaldegradationandthepoliticalcostsdependenceonforeignoilenergyshortages.Inshortinordertobeeffectiveallofthesestrategiesforchannelingtechnologytobenefitsocietymustincorporateallthecostsassociatedwithusage.Marketincentivesareusefulinthatthey
Traditionallythewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriagepartnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowashstitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewomanwhichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseesofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdailyyear-longcohabitation.46Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterestsandfriendshipaswellasmutuallysharedonesiftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities. 47Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests--beingamusingdiscussingwithpassionandpoint--andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Asinallfriendshipahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachotherandtospendsufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogive-themcontinuingcommoninterests48Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh. 49Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomenhomerepresentschoreobligationsbecausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipateinhouseholdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmenhomerepresentsdullnessandcomplaints--fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnotgathercouragetomaketheirownlife. Insuchanatmospherethepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapartbothloveandlikingdisappearing.50Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommandalltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingandfriendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles. 46
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points6
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points2
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points14
Scientistshaveforthefirsttimeusedcloningtocreatehumanembryosthatlivelongenoughinalaboratorydishtohavetheirstemcellsharvested.Thefeatcouldsetthestageforphysicianstoproducecellsandtissuestailoredtoapatient’sgeneticidentitythatcantreatawidevarietyofhumanillnesses.Theaccomplishmentalsoprovidesaroadmapforhowtocloneapersonanevenmoredivisiveundertaking.ThenewworkperformedinSouthKorearepresentsamajoradvanceinstemcellresearch.ItcouldhelpspuramedicalrevolutionasimportantasantibioticsandvaccinessaysRobertLanzaofAdvancedCellTechnologyACTacompanyinWorcesterMass.that’salsoinvestigatingthepromisingstemcellstrategycalledtherapeuticcloning.HowevernowthatthemethodologyispubliclyavailableLanzaaddsIthinkitisabsolutelyimperativethatwepasslawsworldwidetopreventthetechnologyfrombeingabusedforreproductive-cloningpurposes.Whilesomefertilitydoctorsandareligiousculthaveclaimedsuccessatcreatingapregnancyviacloningthey’veofferednoconvincingproof.IncontrasttheSouthKoreanresearchisbeingreportedatthemeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinSeattleandwillappearinanupcomingScience.ThisisrealitysaysstemcellresearcherJohnGearhartofJohnsHopkinsUniversity.He4’eisabonafiderefereedjournalsayingthatahumanembryohasbeenclonedandacelllinederivedfromit.AlthoughACThasnotyetpublishedareportofaclonedhumanblastocystLanzasaysthattheSouthKoreansuccessisconsistentwithourownresults.TherapeuticcloningappealstoLanzaandphysiciansbecausecellsmadethiswaycouldhavethesameDNAasapatient’scellsdoandthusavoidrejectionafterthey’retransplanted.Seekingacompromisethatwouldpermitthisstrategytobepursuedmanyscientistshavecalledforlegislationthatwouldbancloningtoproduceababybutallowthecreationofclonedembryostogeneratestemcellsforresearchortherapies.Thedebatehasbeenverypolarizednotesbio-ethicistLaurieZolothofNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston.Accordingtothetextstemcellsarehardtoobtainbecause
GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonizeovergenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.Thegreatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembeforehim.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknownworldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordforwhatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhisdeathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershaveimprovedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesameanimalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemaytalkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwegorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.CanweabandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatusseekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureofthemalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemandregulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthisrelentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthesamepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Malecompetitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’subiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshaveanextraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.CoincidenceEvolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentiallyaracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferentstrategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymoretogainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextramates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemorethanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmalescanprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthatdynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingoverstatus.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspasseddown.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.Asmonogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpowerhasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstillenjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisnomystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearningcapacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyinaRolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmosteverytime.GenghisKhanismentionedinthetexttoshow
Itistrueasthemovementcriticsassertthatthepresentwomen’sliberationgroupsarealmostentirelybasedamongmiddleclasswomenthatiscollegeandcareerwomen;andtheissuesofpsychologicalandsexualexploitationandtoalesserextentexploitationthroughconsumptionhavebeenthemostprominentones.Itisnotsurprisingthatthewomen’sliberationmovementshouldbeginamongbourgeoiswomenandshouldbedominatedinthebeginningbytheirconsciousnessandtheirparticularconcerns.Radicalwomenaregenerallythepostwarmiddleclassgenerationthatgrewupwiththerighttovotethechanceathighereducationandtrainingforsupportiverolesintheprofessionsandbusiness.Mostofthemareyoungandsophisticatedenoughtohavenotyethadchildrenanddonothavetomarrytosupportthemselves.Incomparisonwithmostwomentheyarecapableofacertainamountofcontrolovertheirlives.Thehigherdevelopmentofbourgeoisdemocraticsocietyallowsthewomenwhobenefitfromeducationandrelativeequalitytoseethecontradictionsbetweenitsrhetoriceverychildcanbecomepresidentandtheiractualplaceinthatsociety.Theworkingclasswomanmightbelievethateducationcouldhavemadeherfinanciallyindependentbuttheeducatedcareerwomanfindsthatmoneyhasnotmadeherindependent.Infactbecauseshehasbeenallowedtoprogresshalfwayontheupward-mobilityladdershecanseetherestofthedistancethatisdeniedheronlybecausesheisawoman.Shecanseethesimilaritybetweenheroppressionandthatofothersectionsofthepopulation.Thusfromtheirownexperienceradicalwomeninthemovementareawareofmorefaultsinthesocietythanracismandimperialism.Becausetheyhavepushedthedemocraticmythtoitslimitstheyknowconcretelyhowitlimitsthem.AtthesametimethatradicalwomenwerelearningaboutAmericansocietytheywerealsobecomingawareofthemalechauvinisminthemovement.Infactthatisusuallythecauseoftheirfirstconscious100verbalizationoftheprejudicetheyfeel;itismoredisillusioningtoknowthatthesamecontradictionexistsbetweenthemovement’srhetoricofequalityanditsrealityforweexpectmoreofourcomrades.Thisrealizationofthedeep-seatedprejudiceagainstthemselvesinthemovementproducestwocommonreactionsamongitswomen:1apreoccupationwiththisimmediatebarrierandperhapsaresultanthopelessnessand2atendencytoretreatinwardtobuythefool’sgoldofcreatingapersonallyliberatedlifestyle.Howeverourconceptofliberationrepresentsaconsciousnessthatconditionshaveforcedonuswhilemostofoursistersarechainedbyotherconditionsbiologicalandeconomicthatoverwhelmtheirhumanityanddesiresforself-fulfillment.Ourbackgroundaccountsforourignoranceaboutthestarkoppressionofwomen’sdailylives.Whatdoradicalwomenexpectmorefromtheirmalecounterparts
Traditionallythewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriagepartnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowashstitchandsew.Todaythemoveistoliberatethewomanwhichmayintheendstrengthenthemarriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageistheamountacoupleusuallyseesofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnottestedbythestrainofdailyyear-longcohabitation.46Couplesneedtotakeupseparateinterestsandfriendshipaswellasmutuallysharedonesiftheyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’spersonalities. 47Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexertthemselvesforguests--beingamusingdiscussingwithpassionandpoint--andthentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Asinallfriendshipahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachotherandtospendsufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogive-themcontinuingcommoninterests48Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparateinterestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparatepersonalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh. 49Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomenhomerepresentschoreobligationsbecausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipateinhouseholdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmenhomerepresentsdullnessandcomplaints--fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnotgathercouragetomaketheirownlife. Insuchanatmospherethepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapartbothloveandlikingdisappearing.50Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommandalltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingandfriendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles. 48
Itistrueasthemovementcriticsassertthatthepresentwomen’sliberationgroupsarealmostentirelybasedamongmiddleclasswomenthatiscollegeandcareerwomen;andtheissuesofpsychologicalandsexualexploitationandtoalesserextentexploitationthroughconsumptionhavebeenthemostprominentones.Itisnotsurprisingthatthewomen’sliberationmovementshouldbeginamongbourgeoiswomenandshouldbedominatedinthebeginningbytheirconsciousnessandtheirparticularconcerns.Radicalwomenaregenerallythepostwarmiddleclassgenerationthatgrewupwiththerighttovotethechanceathighereducationandtrainingforsupportiverolesintheprofessionsandbusiness.Mostofthemareyoungandsophisticatedenoughtohavenotyethadchildrenanddonothavetomarrytosupportthemselves.Incomparisonwithmostwomentheyarecapableofacertainamountofcontrolovertheirlives.Thehigherdevelopmentofbourgeoisdemocraticsocietyallowsthewomenwhobenefitfromeducationandrelativeequalitytoseethecontradictionsbetweenitsrhetoriceverychildcanbecomepresidentandtheiractualplaceinthatsociety.Theworkingclasswomanmightbelievethateducationcouldhavemadeherfinanciallyindependentbuttheeducatedcareerwomanfindsthatmoneyhasnotmadeherindependent.Infactbecauseshehasbeenallowedtoprogresshalfwayontheupward-mobilityladdershecanseetherestofthedistancethatisdeniedheronlybecausesheisawoman.Shecanseethesimilaritybetweenheroppressionandthatofothersectionsofthepopulation.Thusfromtheirownexperienceradicalwomeninthemovementareawareofmorefaultsinthesocietythanracismandimperialism.Becausetheyhavepushedthedemocraticmythtoitslimitstheyknowconcretelyhowitlimitsthem.AtthesametimethatradicalwomenwerelearningaboutAmericansocietytheywerealsobecomingawareofthemalechauvinisminthemovement.Infactthatisusuallythecauseoftheirfirstconscious100verbalizationoftheprejudicetheyfeel;itismoredisillusioningtoknowthatthesamecontradictionexistsbetweenthemovement’srhetoricofequalityanditsrealityforweexpectmoreofourcomrades.Thisrealizationofthedeep-seatedprejudiceagainstthemselvesinthemovementproducestwocommonreactionsamongitswomen:1apreoccupationwiththisimmediatebarrierandperhapsaresultanthopelessnessand2atendencytoretreatinwardtobuythefool’sgoldofcreatingapersonallyliberatedlifestyle.Howeverourconceptofliberationrepresentsaconsciousnessthatconditionshaveforcedonuswhilemostofoursistersarechainedbyotherconditionsbiologicalandeconomicthatoverwhelmtheirhumanityanddesiresforself-fulfillment.Ourbackgroundaccountsforourignoranceaboutthestarkoppressionofwomen’sdailylives.ThebasicdifferencebetweenMiddleClasswomenandotherwomenintheliberationmovementisthat
Idon’tknowifthere’ssomethinginthewaterbutmytownhasexplodedwithtonsofsinglepeople!JustlastyearpracticallytheonlyeligiblesIknewweremydivorcedfriendPattimybudFulgenciohubbyRick’sbarflypatCraigandJimmythepizzadeliveryguy.ButnowIfind-outthatmycousinMichelleisleavinghersecondhusbandandarecentchit-chatwithmybuilding’smanagerSandyrevealedthatshehasn’thadaseriousrelationshipinalmostfiveyears!BesidesthatatleastfivesuspectedsingletonshavemovedintomybuildingsinceJune.Five!Foranincurableromanticlikemethisisheartbreaking.Peoplearemeanttohavesweeties!Ifeelsosorryforsinglepeople.HowcantheybeargoingthroughlifealoneIknowalotofthemputup.thatindependentfrontorusethatI’mjustwaitingfortherightpersondefensebutthey’rekiddingthemselves.WhywouldanyoneturnuphernoseattheprospectofabeautifulweddingagorgeousbridalgownandastunningrockonherfingerShewouldn’t.WhywouldanyoneshakeastickatawarmdinnereverynightacomfortablehomeandabeautifulbrideItjustisn’trational.AndIdon’tliketobeharshbutfranklyit’sdepressingtoseesinglesoutinpublic.WhenIseeagirlshoppingforgroceriesbyherselforasolitaryguyreadingwhilehewaitsforabusIcan’thelpbutsensethehollownessthatsinglepersonfeelsinside.I’mpartiallypsychicsoI’mawareofotherpeople’sinnerfeelings.WellthisValentine’sDayI’mnotgoingtobeselfish.Peoplelikemepeopleinsuccessfullastingrelationshipsareduty-boundtosharetheirromanticwisdomwiththelessfortunate.Grantedit’sbeenawhilesinceI’vebeenonthedatingScenesomychopsareabitrusty.InfacthubbyRickisjustabouttheonlyguyI’veeverdatedUnlessyoucountmypickfortheSadieHawkinsdanceinseventhgradeJordyDeVoewhoditchedmeafterabout15minutes.OrthisOrientalkidnamedThantwhowrappedlovenotesaroundlunchroomcookiesandslippedthemintomylockerinninthgrade.ButRickandIhavebeenmarriednearly20yearssoImustbedoingsomethingright.DrythosetearsSingletons!Pullyour-selvestogetherandlistentoWifeyJean.IfyoufollowmyadviceI’llbetyoudollarstodonutsthatyou’llfindyourPrinceCharmingorPrincessEnchantinginnotime!TheexamplesofhercousinMichelleandthebuilding’smanagerareusedtoshow
LongbeforeManlivedontheEarththerewerefishesreptilesbirdsinsectsandsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtodayothersarenowextinctthatistheyhavenodescendantsalivenow.41.Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskinsothatapartfromcolorwecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginallandoftenoftheplantsthatgrewonitandevenofitsclimate.42Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateractionandmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammalsbirdsandinsectsofwhichweknownothing.43.Therewerealsocrablikecreatureswhosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegsonepairforwalkingonthesandybottomtheotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyesoftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.44.Ofthesetheammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychamberseachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.45.About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydevelopedandwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinctwereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings. [A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown [B]Neverthelessweknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshapehowtheywalkedthekindoffoodtheyate. [C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishesfirstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibianstheanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwaterappeared.Theyweregiantsometimes8feetlongandmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseamorlayerorformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonlandintheseaandintheair. [D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreature.Thereanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld. [E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformaaremorecomplexandamongthesearethesea-liliesrelationsofthestar-fisheswhichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabedortorocks. [F]Whenananimaldiesthebodyitsbonesorshellmayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved. [G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbymineralsdissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpressionorsimplyreducedtoamorestableform. 42
Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yetthe1phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications. Wejudgeraceusually2thecoloringoftheskin:awhiteraceabrownraceayellowraceandablackrace.But3youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot4anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis5inphysicalstructurethebrainortheinternalorgansto6adifference. Therearefourtypesofblood.7typesarefoundineveryraceandnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe8.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswin9insizebutthisoccurswithineveryrace.10doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain11examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak12.Ontheotherhandsomeofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad13brains. Mentaltestswhicharereasonably14shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.15equaleducationaladvantagestherewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandingseitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace16civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofgroupsofpeople17enablethemtobehaveina18way. Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstancesbuttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew19isbetterandhigherthananything20thepast. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10points10
GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonizeovergenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.Thegreatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembeforehim.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknownworldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordforwhatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhisdeathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershaveimprovedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesameanimalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemaytalkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwegorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.CanweabandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatusseekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureofthemalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemandregulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthisrelentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthesamepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Malecompetitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’subiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshaveanextraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.CoincidenceEvolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentiallyaracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferentstrategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymoretogainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextramates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemorethanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmalescanprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthatdynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingoverstatus.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspasseddown.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.Asmonogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpowerhasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstillenjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisnomystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearningcapacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyinaRolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmosteverytime.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat
热门题库
更多
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
湘公网安备 43130202000226号